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United States Patent Office 2,600,058 Lubricant Containing Soap of Phos Phated: Hydroxy Fatty Acid Or

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United States Patent Office 2,600,058 Lubricant Containing Soap of Phos Phated: Hydroxy Fatty Acid Or Patented June 10, 1952 2,600,058 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,600,058 LUBRICANT CONTAINING SOAP OF PHOS PHATED: HYDROXY FATTY ACID OR. GLYCEROE Edwin C. Knowles, Glenham,. Oney P. Puryear, Fishkil, and George W. Eckert, Glenham, N.Y., assignors to The. Texas Company, New York, N.Y., a corporation:of Delaware NoDrawing. Application March 9, 1949, Serial No. 80,574. 11. Claims. (C1.252-32.5) . 2 This invention relates to a lubricating: composi forming fatty material, phosphated: castor. oil tion and particularly a-lubricating grease: pre and phosphated hydrogenated castor oils are spe pared from a soap of a phosphated hydroxy fatty cifically mentioned. In the following descrip acid or glyceride. tion, phosphated castor oil will be specifically One of the principal objects of the present.in 5 discussed by way of preferred example, but it is vention is to provide a lubricating composition to be understood that the inventions applies in containing as an additive to improve the lubricat the same manner to the phosphated hydrogenat ing characteristics thereof a metal soap . of a ed castor oil and to the phosphated hydroxy fatty phosphated soap-forming hydroxy fatty acid. Or acids enumerated above. glyceride thereof, such as: phosphated castor oil 10 Castor oil contains the:glyceride of ricinoleic or phosphated hydrogenated castor oil. acid, an unsaturated hydroxy C18- acid, having Another object of the invention is to provide the-formula . a lubricating grease comprising an oleaginous-liq- OH luid lubricating, base containing a sufficient pro- - or in n-a- - - - --- portion of a soap of a phosphated hydroxy fatty lö CH(CH):CHCH-CH=CHCCH);coof acid or glyceride of this character to thicken the Phosphated castor oil has the phosphate:group lubricating base to a gel-like consistency. linked to the glyceride of ricinoleic acid-by, re Other objects and advantages of the invention placing the hydroxy group in the 12-position as will be apparent from the following description follows: and the accompanying claims. 20 O. a a In accordance with the present, invention, a -CH novel type of metal-soap of a phosphated hydroxy HO-P-OH. :-ch. fatty acid or glyceride is employed as an additive o -oil to impart enhanced lubricating characteristics.ior H.) H:CH.CH=CHCH.), :-oll, ll oleaginousE. E.'E'SEEG, liquid lubricating base to a gel-like as Alice. phosphated Cohen-oh castor oil-product (CFrt-o-lit available conu consistency to form a lubricating grease. In the mercially gives. the following tests: preparation of this additive or soap, the various Tasi-sf-1 try-4s as Ass - a . -- soap-forming hydroxy fatty acid glycerides and SASON: - -a or a - - - - - - - - Sto theirve". correspondingMassire rays any hydroxy : fatty.- - acids- a lar arerwa al-Aws first 30 Iodine number f :-------------. 29075 to.to 310 80 modified by phosphation to substitute a pental Phosphorus (total), percent III 35 to 6 valent phosphate group for the hydroxy group of - , 9 m - - - - - - - au’ulus. the glyceride or acid with the splitting off. of This commercial, product contains; about 45 to water. This produces a complex compound con- 50% by weight of phosphated: castor oil and-55 taining both the carboxylic acid radical (as a 35 to:50% castor oil. glyceride where the starting materialis a glycer- In-prepairing the: Soap, sufficient: basic material ide), and the phosphate acid radicals. There is employed to react with and neutralize both the sulting compound is then reacted with a sufficient carboxylic and phosphoric acid groups, thus giv proportion of a basic metallic compound, Such as ing - an oxide or hydroxide, for neutralization of the 40 O phosphate radical and for saponification of the - - H --. glyceride or fatty acid radical. I Neo-P-ONa Examples of suitable hydroxy fatty acids which b. O. are phosphated to produce the phosphated.com- CH, CHybtroff, referrfantry:-nN. pounds of the present invention are the hydroxy- 45 citchbbitor. cHe CE (CH):l-ONä. stearic acids, such as 12-hydroxystearic acid, hy- in the case of Sodium soap. When castor oil is droxymyristic acid, hydroxypalmitic acid, hy- hydrogenated, the glyceride of the unsaturated droxybehenic acid and ricinoleic acid. Likewise, ricinoleic acid is converted to the glyceride of the the corresponding glycerides of these hydroxy Saturated 12-hydroxystearic acid; and the latter fatty acids can be employed, it being understood 50 gives the corresponding phosphated 12-hydroxy that glycerine is liberated in the neutralizing Stearic acid glyceride which is then neutralized step with the production of the same type of in a similar manner. - metal. Soap of the complex phosphated hydroxy Whenever the expressions."phosphated soap. fatty acid. As representative. of a readily avail- forming material,” "phosphated soap-forming able and economical supply. of the raw soap- -55 hydroxy fatty acid,” “phosphated soapsforming 2,600,058 3 4. hydroxy fatty acid glyceride,” “phosphated castor liquid lubricating base' is employed to designate oil,' 'phosphated hydrogenated castor oil' and both the mineral lubricating oils and the syn similar expressions are employed in the follow thetic lubricating bases specified. ing description and claims, it is to be understood In the preparation of a grease in accordance that each designates the type of compound de s with the present invention, the particular phos scribed above wherein a pentaValent Ortho-phoS phated hydroxy fatty acid or glyceride is heated phate group has been substituted for a hydroxy With a metal oxide or hydroxide in the presence group attached to the carbon chain remote from of Water and a portion or all of the mineral lubri the carboxyl group of the hydroxy fatty acid or cating oil or other liquid oleaginous vehicle at a glyceride thereof, with the splitting off of Water. O temperature of about 175-240° F. for a period of The resulting phosphated compound thus COin about i-2 hours, utilizing sufficient of the metallic tains the unmodified COOH group of the hydroxy base to effect complete neutralization of the acid fatty acid (or the corresponding glyceride there groups of both the phosphate radical and the of) as well as unneutralized OH radicals of the carboxylic acid radical. Following this saponi ortho-phosphate group, with both the COOH fication period the product is then dehydrated by group and the OH radicals of the Orthophosphate heating at a higher temperature up to about 300 group of the compound being available for neu 330 F. for a further period of about A-3 hours. tralization in the formation of the metal Soap. Any further oil addition is made to the saponified Alkali, alkaline earth, and polyvalent metal product during dehydration, or following dehy soaps of the phosphated hydroxy acids can be 20 dration and as it gradually cools, with continual employed in accordance with the present inven Stirring to obtain the desired consistency; and tion in relatively small proportions of the Order additional ingredients or additives, such as anti of 0.1-5.0% or greater in a mineral lubricating oxidants, anti-corrosives, extreme pressure agents, oil as an additive to impart enhanced lubricating dyes and the like, can be incorporated. The prod properties. Low concentrations of these Soaps in 2 5 uct is ordinarily drawn after cooling to a tem lubricating oil to provide a liquid lubricant impart perature of about 200-100°F. to provide the ulti added body, greater load carrying capacity (ex mate gel-like grease. treme pressure properties), and better corrosion Also, in accordance with the present invention, and rust resistance as compared with the base the properties of the resulting phosphated hy oil. As specific examples, an improved textile droxy acid Soap grease can be desirably modified lubricant is produced by the addition of about by utilizing a mixture of the phosphated hydroxy 0.5-2.0% of the sodium soap of phosphated fatty acid or glyceride with a conventional soap castor oil to a mineral lubricating oil having a forming fatty acid or glyceride for the Saponifi SUS. viscosity at 100°F. of about 50-120 to give a cation Step. Any of the ordinary saturated and heavier bodied oil; and, for protective coatings, :3 5 unsaturated soap-forming fatty acids and fats or the addition of about 1.5-5.0% of the calcium or of the hydroxy fatty acids or hydroxy fats, includi other alkaline earth or heavy metal Soap of the ing the hydrogenated fats and fatty acids, such phosphated castor oil to a similar mineral lubri as hydrogenated fish oil acids, can be employed cating oil can be employed to give products hav for this purpose. A mixture consisting essential 40 ly of Substantial portions each of the phosphated ing a definite yield point or even a gel-like Struc hydroxy fatty acid or glyceride and an unmodi ture.Moreover, the metal soaps, particularly those of fied hydroxy fatty acid or glyceride, as well as the such elements as sodium, lithium, magnesium, foregoing mixture in major proportion together zinc and aluminum and the mixed base Soaps, with a minor but modifying proportion of a con such as sodium-calcium and Sodium-lead, have 45 ventional Soap-forming fatty acid, have been been found to produce lubricating greases having found particularly advantageous in accordance with the present invention. In addition to sapon advantageous, and in certain respects, unusual ifying a mixture of the phosphated hydroxy acid properties when added in Sufficient proportion to and other carboxylic acid with the desired metal thicken the mineral lubricating oil or other ole base or mixture of metal bases, satisfactory aginous liquid lubricating base to a gel-like con 50 greases can also be produced by separately pre sistency. Ordinarily, a proportion of Soap in forming the two or more types of soap specified excess of about 5% up to about 40-45% by Weight and then mixing them with the addition of fur on the weight of the grease composition is en" ther oleaginous liquid lubricating base to produce ployed to produce greases meeting the specifica a grease of the required consistency, tions of the different grades.
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