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REPORT of the Indian States Enquiry Committee (Financial) "1932'
EAST INDIA (CONSTITUTIONAL REFORMS) REPORT of the Indian States Enquiry Committee (Financial) "1932' Presented by the Secretary of State for India to Parliament by Command of His Majesty July, 1932 LONDON PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE To be purchased directly from H^M. STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addresses Adastral House, Kingsway, London, W.C.2; 120, George Street, Edinburgh York Street, Manchester; i, St. Andrew’s Crescent, Cardiff 15, Donegall Square West, Belfast or through any Bookseller 1932 Price od. Net Cmd. 4103 A House of Commons Parliamentary Papers Online. Copyright (c) 2006 ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. The total cost of the Indian States Enquiry Committee (Financial) 4 is estimated to be a,bout £10,605. The cost of printing and publishing this Report is estimated by H.M. Stationery Ofdce at £310^ House of Commons Parliamentary Papers Online. Copyright (c) 2006 ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page,. Paras. of Members .. viii Xietter to Frim& Mmister 1-2 Chapter I.—^Introduction 3-7 1-13 Field of Enquiry .. ,. 3 1-2 States visited, or with whom discussions were held .. 3-4 3-4 Memoranda received from States.. .. .. .. 4 5-6 Method of work adopted by Conunittee .. .. 5 7-9 Official publications utilised .. .. .. .. 5. 10 Questions raised outside Terms of Reference .. .. 6 11 Division of subject-matter of Report .., ,.. .. ^7 12 Statistic^information 7 13 Chapter n.—^Historical. Survey 8-15 14-32 The d3masties of India .. .. .. .. .. 8-9 14-20 Decay of the Moghul Empire and rise of the Mahrattas. -
Accession of the States Had Been the Big Issue After the Division of Subcontinent Into Two Major Countries
Journal of Historical Studies Vol. II, No.I (January-June 2016) An Historical Overview of the Accession of Princely States Attiya Khanam The Women University, Multan Abstract The paper presents the historical overview of the accession of princely states. The British ruled India with two administrative systems, the princely states and British provinces. The states were ruled by native rulers who had entered into treaty with the British government. With the fall of Paramountacy, the states had to confirm their accession to one Constituent Assembly or the other. The paper discusses the position of states at the time of independence and unfolds the British, congress and Muslim league policies towards the accession of princely states. It further discloses the evil plans and scheming of British to save the congress interests as it considered the proposal of the cabinet Mission 1946 as ‘balkanisation of India’. Congress was deadly against the proposal of allowing states to opt for independence following the lapse of paramountancy. Congress adopted very aggressive policy and threatened the states for accession. Muslim league did not interfere with the internal affair of any sate and remained neutral. It respected the right of the states to decide their own future by their own choice. The paper documents the policies of these main parties and unveils the hidden motives of main actors. It also provides the historical and political details of those states acceded to Pakistan. 84 Attiya Khanam Key Words: Transfer of Power 1947, Accession of State to Pakistan, Partition of India, Princely States Introduction Accession of the states had been the big issue after the division of subcontinent into two major countries. -
Political Economy of Discontent in Jammu and Kashmir 1953-1975
© 2020 IJRAR March 2020, Volume 7, Issue 1 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138) Political Economy of Discontent in Jammu and Kashmir 1953-1975 BASIT MASOOD SUHRAWARDY Research Scholar (Ph.D.) Department of Political Science Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh Abstract: The economic aspect of Jammu and Kashmir crises has more or less been overlooked. Therefore, the paper is an attempt to highlight the economic discontent in Jammu and Kashmir from 1953-75. Hence, against this backdrop, the paper evaluates the empirical data on level of economic development of the state during this period. Keywords: Accession, Autonomy, Discontent, Economic underdevelopment, Political Economy. The accession of Jammu and Kashmir to India is different from accession of other States as it took place when the State was in imminent danger of being overrun by tribal raiders acting under the instigation of the Government of Pakistan. It was a limited accession restricted only to three subjects: defence, foreign affairs and communications.1 The restriction of Centre‘s (Indian federal Government at the Centre) authority only to defence, foreign affairs and communication was formalised by virtue of Instrument of Accession, signed with Maharaja Hari Singh, the last ruler of Jammu and Kashmir on 27 October 1947.2 Nehru in a letter to sheikh Abdullah on 18 May 1949 committed that ―Jammu and Kashmir State now stands acceded to Indian union in respect of three subjects, namely, Foreign Affairs, Defence and Communications.3 In fact, the internal autonomy was one of the fundamental reasons that prompted Sheikh Abdullah-led National Conference to accede to India. -
Alive and Kicking: the Kashmir Dispute Forty Years Later James D
Penn State International Law Review Volume 9 Article 5 Number 1 Dickinson Journal of International Law 1991 Alive and Kicking: The Kashmir Dispute Forty Years Later James D. Howley Follow this and additional works at: http://elibrary.law.psu.edu/psilr Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Howley, James D. (1991) "Alive and Kicking: The Kashmir Dispute Forty Years Later," Penn State International Law Review: Vol. 9: No. 1, Article 5. Available at: http://elibrary.law.psu.edu/psilr/vol9/iss1/5 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by Penn State Law eLibrary. It has been accepted for inclusion in Penn State International Law Review by an authorized administrator of Penn State Law eLibrary. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Alive and Kicking: The Kashmir Dispute Forty Years Later I. Introduction The Kashmir dispute between India and Pakistan involves a struggle between two powers for the possession of a tract of territory which each wants for its own valid reasons. The stakes are of major economic, political and strategic significance to Pakistan, while to India, Kashmir has become a symbol of national prestige and inter- national justice.1 Charges of aggression and violations of interna- tional law have been asserted by both parties. In considering a solu- tion to the Kashmir dispute, it is necessary to look beyond the blatant facts and see the elements that gave rise to the dispute and the circumstances under which it occurred. A purely legalistic approach never solves large political problems. With this in mind, this Comment begins with an examina- tion of the roots of the conflict: Kashmir's economy, geography, predominantly Moslem population and Hindu ruler. -
British Policy Towards the Indian States, 1905-1959
BRITISH POLICY TOWARDS THE INDIAN STATES, 1905-1959 by STEPHEN RICHARD ASHTON Thesis submitted from The School of Oriental and African Studies to the University of London for the degree of doctor of philosophy, 1977• ProQuest Number: 11010305 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11010305 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ABSTRACT Prior to 194-7 approximately one-third of the Indian sub-continent was broken up into 655 Indian States which were ruled by princes of varying rank. In the process of consolidating their empire in India the British had, during the first half of the nineteenth century, deprived the princes of the power to conduct external relations with each other or with foreign powers. Internally the princes were theoretically independent but their sovereignty in this respect was in practice restricted by the paramountcy of the Imperial power. Many of the princes resented the manner in which the British used this paramountcy to justify intervening in their domestic affairs. During the nineteenth century the British had maintained the princes basically as an administrative convenience and as a source of revenue. -
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MS. I* -n * ^j GOVERNMENT OF INDIA \ WHITE PAPER ON INDIAN STATES >»rp^ONAL LIBRARY ©P „„»—» GOVT- OF mnj^^fSg Price Be. 1 -4*. 13 *r 2s. 65 21 PERSONAL LIBRARY OP PROFESSOR SHER SINGH "SHHH TABLE OF CONTENTS £age FOREWORD PART I.—INDIAN STATES UNDER PARAMOUNTCY OF THE BRITISH CROWN General Survey « 3 Historical Survey 4 Geographical Survey . • . 4 Political Diversity of States. 5 Three Categories of States 5 Chamber of Princes. 6 Treaties, Engagements and Sanads ....... 6 Relationship between Paramount Power and Indian States. 6 PART n.—THE STATES UNDER THE SCHEME OF THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT, 1935, AND SUBSEQUENT PLANS FOR INDIA'S CONSTITU TIONAL ADVANCEMENT. Federal Scheme 7 Cripps Plan 8 Simla Conference of 1945 9 Cabinet Mission's Plan 9 His Majesty's Government's Statement of June 3, 1947. 11 PART ni.—ACCESSION OF THE STATES TO THE DOMINION OF INDIA. Lapse of Paramountcy ......... 12 States Department ......... 12 Necessity of a Common Centre '......• 13 Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel's Statement of July 5, 1947. 13 special Meeting of Princes on July 25, 1947 .' 1^ Successful conclusion of Negotiations ...... 14 Instrument of Accession ......•• 14 standstill Agreements . • m m • 15 significance of Constitutional Relationship between the Indian Dominion and the States 15 PART IV.—INTEGRATION AND Problem of Smaller States 15 Popular Movements in States 16 Merger of Orissa and Chattisgarh States • 16 Hon'ble States Minister's Statement on Policy of Integration and Democratisation ........••• 17 Merger of Deccan States. .....••• 18 Merger of Gujarat States ......•• 18 Merger of other small States .••••••• 19 Consolidation of East Punjab Hill States into a Centrally Administered Unit 19 Merger of Kutch 19 Formation of Unions 20 T" :f ed State of Kathiawar (Saurashtra) . -
Treaty of Accession Kashmir
Treaty Of Accession Kashmir When Chalmers yap his monotheism quadrated not ably enough, is Welby seismologic? Entopic and bruised Agustin gurgles her poundals reaving while Ford colligate some Hottentot singularly. If lattermost or scenographical Lorenzo usually despumated his skiff bypass waitingly or ionize iambically and ruinously, how intercolonial is Rocky? Q&A India's change to disputed Kashmir's status ABC News. Why do Pakistan want Kashmir? Pakistan violated the treaty but after thaw was signed when swift began to. Under the 1947 partition plan Kashmir was that to accede to either India or. Assembly voted to ratify the slave of Jammu and Kashmir's accession to India. Origins of Conflict Stand With Kashmir. Such story the 1972 Shimla Agreement told the Lahore Declaration. India set a withdraw Kashmir's special status and split it steep two. Durham E-Theses CORE. Because pork could not readily raise your sum the East India Company allowed the Dogra ruler Gulab Singh to acquire Kashmir from the Sikh kingdom in exchange for making alternate payment of 750000 rupees to view Company. In Kashmir25 India contended that Kashmir's accession was legally binding. The Instrument of Accession is simple legal document executed by Maharaja Hari Singh ruler because the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir on 26 October 1947 By executing this document under the provisions of the Indian Independence Act 1947 Maharaja Hari Singh agreed to accede to the Dominion of India. Offers made to Pakistan in a telegram under the standstill agreement included communications. India believes that the accession of Jammu and Kashmir is final and any. -
Third Party Mediation Over Kashmir: a Modest Proposal
Third Party Mediation over Kashmir: A Modest Proposal ANTHONY WANIS ST. JOHN An enduring rivalry coupled with an internal insurgency define the current state of the conflict between India and Pakistan over Kashmir. The circumstances are now in place to give a third party the opportunity to act as mediator in the long-standing conflict, as well as in the dispute between India and the Kashmiri insurgency. International mediation theory is not sufficient to apply to this conflict. Emerging and established theories of mediation regarding both international and internal aspects of the conflict are considered. The progress and status of the dispute, as well as the dynamics of the triadic relationship between India and Pakistan and the US are examined and reveal that the interests inherent in the US-India and the US-Pakistan relationships are converging. Strategic and economic interests which facilitate third party intervention are each considered in turn. The role of the US as mediating party is then brought into focus against a background of geo-political change and bilateral stalemate. The issue of whether mediator bias will affect the outcome of mediation is considered in a theoretical analysis. The author concludes that perceptions of bias will not affect the outcome negatively, and that the US can encourage constructiveperceptions of bmby both India and Pakistan in order to maximize its leverage over the parties and encourage a political settlement. The possibility of resolution of the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan is now being greatly enhanced by the existence of one remaining, engaged superpower and should be taken advantage of. -
Lord Mountbatten's Role in Political Intergration Of
RJP!VoL12,No.1, March2015, ISSN:0976-3635 17 LORD MOTINTBATTEN'S ROLE IN POLITICAL INTERGRAUON OF IITDIA 3 Dr. Sushila Shaktawat* Indian National Congress declared its objective the political integration of these territories in to India. which the Indian Govt. pursued up to next 20 years Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel andV.P. Menon convincedthe king,s ofthe everyprincely states and transform their administrations unless and until 1956, there was difference between the British Indian territories and princely states Govt. of India with diplomatic and Military Combination acquire the legal control over it till there were integrated into India. this process successfully integrated most of the princely states into to India but successfully integrated most of the princely states into to India but few states remain e.g. Manipur and Tripura and Kashmir when then the active here ditary rules movements started British expansion in India became successful because of two approaches. The policy of annexation by which the British forcibly absorb the krdian princely states through which they constituted this empire and the policy ofindirectrules. ln l92l British create chamber of princes as advisory body of integrate the princely states more nearby British and in 1936 affords where made by creating direct relations between the Govt. of India and princely state. Govt. of IndiaAct 1935 was formed so the British India and princely states to unite under a Federal Government. This scheme got success but stopped in tAssociate Professor (History), fai Narayan fyas University, Jodhpur(Raj.) 18 RJPBVol.12,No.1, March20tS, ISSN:097G3635 1939 because of Second World War upto 1940 the relationship between princely states and crown regulated with treaties and principle of paramountcy. -
A Study on Contributions of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in Consolidating Historical Elements in New India After Independence” Tabasum Bhanu
www.ijcrt.org © 2016 IJCRT | Volume 4, Issue 4 October 2016 | ISSN: 2320-2882 “A study on Contributions of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in consolidating Historical Elements in New India after independence” Tabasum Bhanu Abstract The dawn on India’s freedom was full of political and socio-economic complexities. The leaders of the country found themselves in an atmosphere surcharged with multifarious and divergent criticalities. These had, if not solved quickly, would have led to further complications. Vexed with various problems of varied dimensions, the leaders had to find out ways and means to face the reality of the situation and arrive at a solution beneficial to the country. The problems of minorities, though at the first instance seemed of minor nature, came out to be crucial. And, Sardar Patel with his extraordinary caliber wisdom and capacity, could arrive at an acceptable solution to restore confidence in them; thereby leading them towards the common goal of national solidarity. Simultaneously, a more crucial problem arose due to the British policy towards more than five hundred and odd Princely States, their exact position after the departure of the British was not clearly defined. The immediate fallout of the freedom of the country was the creation of two distinct nations, namely, India and Pakistan. The native princes were allowed to join either of the two proposed countries according to their choice. A country, invested with such a large number of Free states, could not have dreamt of political consolidation in such an environment. It was quite likely that those princes could have formed a third force and contributed towards its disintegration rather than its further consolidation. -
Kashmir: Background, Recent Developments, and U.S
Kashmir: Background, Recent Developments, and U.S. Policy Updated January 13, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R45877 SUMMARY R45877 Kashmir: Background, Recent Developments, January 13, 2020 and U.S. Policy K. Alan Kronstadt In early August 2019, the Indian government announced that it would make major changes to the Specialist in South Asian legal status of its Muslim-majority Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) state, specifically by repealing Affairs Article 370 of the Indian Constitution and Section 35A of its Annex, which provided the state “special” autonomous status, and by bifurcating the state into two successor “Union Territories” with more limited indigenous administrative powers. The changes were implemented on November 1, 2019. The former princely region’s sovereignty has been unsettled since 1947 and its territory is divided by a military “Line of Control,” with Pakistan controlling about one-third and disputing India’s claim over most of the remainder as J&K (China also claims some of the region’s land). The United Nations considers J&K to be disputed territory, but New Delhi, the status quo party, calls the recent legal changes an internal matter, and it generally opposes third-party involvement in the Kashmir issue. U.S. policy seeks to prevent conflict between India and Pakistan from escalating, and the U.S. Congress supports a U.S.-India strategic partnership that has been underway since 2005, while also maintaining attention on issues of human rights and religious freedom. India’s August actions sparked international controversy as “unilateral” changes of J&K’s status that could harm regional stability, eliciting U.S. -
1607 Hours MR. CHAIRMAN : Before the House Takes up This Discussion, I Have an Announcement to Make
Title: Discussion regarding resolution passed by Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly for Autonomy.(Not concluded) 1607 hours MR. CHAIRMAN : Before the House takes up this discussion, I have an announcement to make. gÉÉÉÉÒ Ò +ÉÉxxÉÉÆiÆiÉÉ MMÉÉÆMÆMÉÉÉÉ®ÉÉààÉÉ MMÉÉÉÉÒiÒiÉÉä ä (®iixxÉÉÉÉÉÉÊMÊMÉÉ®ÉÉÒ)Ò :: ºÉ£ÉÉ{ÉÉÊiÉ àÉcÉänªÉ, àÉéxÉä <弃 ÉÊ´ÉÂÉ廃 {É® ÉÊxɪÉàÉ 184 BÉEä +ÉÆiÉMÉÇiÉ xÉÉäÉÊ]弃 ÉÊnªÉÉ cè* àÉä®ä xÉÉäÉÊ]弃 BÉEÉ BÉDªÉÉ cÖ+ÉÉ, àÉé VÉÉxÉxÉÉ SÉÉciÉÉ cÚÆ? º ÉÉ£ ÉÉÉÉ{{ÉÉÉÉÊiÊiÉÉ ààÉÉcÉÉänä ªªÉÉ (gÉÉÉÉÒàÒàÉÉiiÉÉÉÉÒ Ò ààÉÉÉÉOOÉÉæ]æ +ÉÉÉÉã´´ÉÉÉÉ) : +É£ÉÉÒ iÉÉä °ôãÉ 193 BÉEä +ÉÆiÉMÉÇiÉ SÉSÉÉÇ cÉä ®cÉÒ cè* àÉÖZÉä {ÉiÉÉ xÉcÉÓ, àÉé {ÉiÉÉ BÉE°ôÆMÉÉÒ* I may inform the House that Shri Vilas Muttemwar, in whose name the item is listed in today's List of Business, has in his letter of today requested that Shri Madhavrao Scindia may be allowed to initiate the discussion on the subject in his place, and the Speaker has acceded to Shri Muttemwar's request. THE MINISTER OF PARLIAMENTARY AFFAIRS AND MINISTER OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (SHRI PRAMOD MAHAJAN): Madam, I do not mind Shri Madhavrao Scindia speaking, but my request is that this should not be taken as a precedent in future. I do not mind his speaking at this juncture as an exception. MR. CHAIRMAN: The Speaker has taken this decision. 1608 hours (Mr. Speaker in the Chair) SHRI PRAMOD MAHAJAN: I am not saying that he should not speak now. SHRI VAIKO (SIVAKASI): When a Member's name is mentioned in the List of Business, common practice is that he should initiate the discussion.