DOCSLIB.ORG

UC Santa Barbara Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
UC Santa Barbara Electronic Theses and Dissertations UC Santa Barbara UC Santa Barbara Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Bigger Than Grain: Soviet-American Agricultural Exchange, 1918-1928 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/534899tj Author Fedorova, Maria Publication Date 2019 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Bigger Than Grain: Soviet-American Agricultural Exchange, 1918-1928 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Maria Fedorova Committee in charge: Professor Nelson Lichtenstein, Chair Professor Elena Aronova Professor Lisa Jacobson Professor Alice O’Connor Professor Erika Rappaport June 2019 The dissertation of Maria Fedorova is approved. ____________________________________________ Elena Aronova ____________________________________________ Lisa Jacobson _____________________________________________ Alice O’Connor _____________________________________________ Erika Rappaport ____________________________________________ Nelson Lichtenstein, Committee Chair June 2019 Bigger Than Grain: Soviet-American Agricultural Exchange, 1918-1928 Copyright © 2019 by Maria Fedorova iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation would have been impossible without the help of many people. I am indebted to my mentor, Nelson Lichtenstein, who has supported me over the course of seven years at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Once he told me that I should write about something that I was passionate about. This was the best advice any graduate student could get at the time when they were unsure about their topic; words cannot express how grateful I am for his wisdom. In addition, I have had the great fortune to work with Elena Aronova who challenged me to rethink my approach to the history of agricultural exchange by examining unusual objects as vehicles of this exchange. Lisa Jacobson, Alice O’Connor, and Erika Rappaport helped me see my dissertation through the analytical lenses of food history, world history, and policy history; and I am thankful for their ideas and support. Finally, my thanks go to all my graduate colleagues who read and criticized parts of this dissertation at multiple seminars and workshops, particularly, at the workshop organized by the Center for the Study of Work, Labor, and Democracy. Paul Warden, my husband and the smartest history Ph.D. I know, played a pivotal role in making sure that the writer’s worst enemy – doubt – does not catch up with me. This project would not have been written without his insights, literary skill, and, more importantly, his belief in me. Thank you. To my parents, Amélie, and Sasha – my eternal gratitude. iv VITA OF MARIA FEDOROVA June 2019 EDUCATION Specialist Degree in History, Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia (2008) Master of Arts in History, Washington State University, Pullman, May 2012 Doctor of Philosophy in History, University of California, Santa Barbara, June 2019 (expected) PUBLICATIONS “The American Tractor Unit and Agricultural Reconstruction in Soviet Russia, 1922-1923,” in Anthony J. Heywood, Julia Lajus, and Scott W. Palmer, eds., Science, Technology, Environment, and Medicine in Russia’s Great War and Revolution, 1914-1922 (Bloomington: Slavica, forthcoming). Review of Grains by William Winders, Food, Culture & Society 20, no. 3 (2017): 555-556. “Bolshevism nel’zya ostanovit’ siloi, no vozmozhno ostanovit edoi’: Vliianie Oktyabr’skoi revoliutsii na amerikanskuiu prodovol’stvennuiu pomoshch Evrope (1917-1920),” in Istoricheskie dokumenty i aktual’nye problem arkheografii, istochnikovedeniia, rossiiskoi i vseobshchei istorii novogo i noveishego vremeni CLIO-2017 (Moscow: ROSSPEN, 2017). AWARDS Fulbright Award (Fulbright Graduate Student’s Program), 2010-2012 All-UC Economic History Research Grant, UC Berkeley, 2014 Humanities & Social Sciences Research Grant, UC Santa Barbara, 2015 Kenneth Mouré and Sara Norquay Graduate Study Award, UC Santa Barbara, 2015 History Department Dissertation Award, UC Santa Barbara, 2015, 2016 History Associates Graduate Award, UC Santa Barbara, 2018 PRESENTATIONS “Seeds as Technology: Scientific Soviet-American Agricultural Exchange in the 1920s,” Havighurst Center for Russian and Post-Soviet Studies, April 2019 “Experimental Ground: Harold Ware and the Russian Reconstruction Farms, 1925-1927,” Western Slavic and Eurasian Association, April 2019 “See how we do it:” American-Soviet Exchange of Agricultural Ideas from 1919 to 1955, Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations Conference, June 2018 “Russian “Americans:” Soviet Agricultural Scholars’ Visits to the United States, 1921- 1935,” Agricultural History Conference, May 2018 “Harold Ware and the Agricultural Reconstruction of Soviet Russia, 1921-1929,” Transatlantic History Conference, University of Texas, Arlington, October 2017 v “‘Bolshevism cannot be stopped by food:’ American Food Aid to Europe, 1919-1923,” 100 Years Later: The Russian Revolution and Its Consequences, UC Berkeley, October 2017 “Soviet Agricultural Economists’ Perceptions of American Agriculture in the 1920s,” Invited Lecture, Russian State University for the Humanities, April 2017 “The 1917 Revolution and American Food Aid to Europe, 1917-1920,” CLIO-2017, April 2017, RGASPI, Moscow, Russia vi ABSTRACT Bigger Than Grain: Soviet-American Agricultural Exchange, 1918-1928 by Maria Fedorova This dissertation examines the history of agricultural exchange between the United States and Soviet Russia from 1918 to 1928. It shows that Soviet and American agricultural specialists and policymakers sought solutions to the looming global farm crisis of the 1920s through visits, the organization of reconstruction projects, and seed exchange. In doing so, this work advances three arguments. First, the development of post-World War I agriculture, including concepts of large-scale farming, industrialization of agricultural, and rationalization of food production, should be understood within an international context. As the First World war reshaped patterns of agricultural production and showed the inextricable link between food and political stability, experts and policymakers from many countries began to search for solutions to the farm problem not only through national policies but also abroad. As this dissertation shows, this search would take different shapes and forms: from the use of international food aid programs to help domestic food production to the usage of another country’s space to conduct large-scale farming experiments. These experiences in agricultural exchange allowed its participants to acquire new knowledge, technologies, and expertise. Second, by examining post-WWI patterns of agricultural exchange, this dissertation reconsiders the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union with regard to vii the flow of technology and expertise. Rather than considering a one-directional movement of American technology and expertise to Soviet Russia and perceiving the latter as a passive recipient, this work portrays an active multi-directional exchange. It shows that both countries perceived each other as research laboratories that were capable of giving solutions to farm problems in their respective countries. Moreover, both American and Soviet agricultural experts believed that this exchange would benefit the reconstruction of international agriculture. Finally, this dissertation expands the definition of “agricultural exchange.” Scholars have demonstrated that, historically, agricultural exchange, including the movement of plants, seeds, and agricultural knowledge and expertise, is not a new event. The flow of people and animal species brought new plant varieties and agricultural technologies to new places, thus, changing existing environments, economic and social structures. While these transfers knew no borders, since the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, they had become more institutionalized and regulated by the international community of scientists and policymakers. During this period, many national governments introduced new laws and regulations that controlled the import and export of agricultural commodities. What is often left out in this historiography is the political nature of agricultural exchange. This dissertation shows that participants of agricultural exchange used their experience and expertise that they cultivated through visits and travel to achieve more powerful positions with local and central state institutions. Yet, this experience came at a price. By the late 1920s, with the shifting political climate in the Soviet Union, the participation in agricultural exchange became one of the tools for the ostracization of these experts from powerful positions. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction ..........................................................................................................1 II. Chapter 1. Famine Relief: Competing Visions of American Aid to Soviet Russia .............................................................................................................................. 28 III. Chapter 2. Seeds of Scientific Soviet-American Agricultural Exchange in 1921- 26………..…………………………………………………………………..…….. 61 III. Chapter 3. Tractors and Expertise: The American Tractor Unit and the Agricultural Reconstruction of Soviet Russia, 1921-23…………………………… 93 IV. Chapter 4. Experimental Ground: Harold Ware and the Russian Reconstruction Farms, 1925-27……………………………………………………………………
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Procesos De Mercado Número 27
    REVIEW OF WALL STREET AND THE BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION1 BY ANTONY C. SUTTON (CLAIRVIEW BOOKS, UK 2011, 232 PAGES) CHRISTIAN RIPPEL One barrier to mature understanding of recent history is the notion that all capitalists are the bitter and unswerving enemies of all Marxists and socialists. This erroneous idea originated with Karl Marx and was undoubtedly useful to his purposes. In fact, the idea is nonsense. There has been a continuing, albeit concealed, alliance between international political capitalists and international revolu- tionary socialists —to their mutual benefit. (Sutton 2011, p .17) The open-minded reader should bear two clues in mind: monopo- ly capitalists are the bitter enemies of laissez-faire entrepreneurs; and, given the weaknesses of socialist central planning, the totali- tarian socialist state is a perfect captive market for monopoly capi- talists, if an alliance can be made with the socialist powerbrokers. (Sutton 2011, p.17) I ABOUT ANTONY SUTTON Antony Sutton (1925–2002) was a British-American scholar in the libertarian tradition and professor of economics and history at Cal- ifornia State University as well as research fellow at Stanford Uni- 1 The page references of Sutton 2011 refer to the publication of the book Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution in 2011 by Clairview (218 Pages). Procesos de Mercado: Revista Europea de Economía Política Vol. XIV, n.º 1, Primavera 2017, pp. 639 a 660. 640 CHRISTIAN RIPPEL versity’s Hoover Institution. He was educated at the universities of London, Göttingen and California. Among his interesting and investigative works are the trilogies of the involvement of Wall Street in the rise of the Bolsheviks, the Nazis and Franklin D.
    [Show full text]
  • The Suppression of Jewish Culture by the Soviet Union's Emigration
    \\server05\productn\B\BIN\23-1\BIN104.txt unknown Seq: 1 18-JUL-05 11:26 A STRUGGLE TO PRESERVE ETHNIC IDENTITY: THE SUPPRESSION OF JEWISH CULTURE BY THE SOVIET UNION’S EMIGRATION POLICY BETWEEN 1945-1985 I. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL STATUS OF JEWS IN THE SOVIET SOCIETY BEFORE AND AFTER THE WAR .................. 159 R II. BEFORE THE BORDERS WERE CLOSED: SOVIET EMIGRATION POLICY UNDER STALIN (1945-1947) ......... 163 R III. CLOSING OF THE BORDER: CESSATION OF JEWISH EMIGRATION UNDER STALIN’S REGIME .................... 166 R IV. THE STRUGGLE CONTINUES: SOVIET EMIGRATION POLICY UNDER KHRUSHCHEV AND BREZHNEV .................... 168 R V. CONCLUSION .............................................. 174 R I. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL STATUS OF JEWS IN THE SOVIET SOCIETY BEFORE AND AFTER THE WAR Despite undergoing numerous revisions, neither the Soviet Constitu- tion nor the Soviet Criminal Code ever adopted any laws or regulations that openly or implicitly permitted persecution of or discrimination against members of any minority group.1 On the surface, the laws were always structured to promote and protect equality of rights and status for more than one hundred different ethnic groups. Since November 15, 1917, a resolution issued by the Second All-Russia Congress of the Sovi- ets called for the “revoking of all and every national and national-relig- ious privilege and restriction.”2 The Congress also expressly recognized “the right of the peoples of Russia to free self-determination up to seces- sion and the formation of an independent state.” Identical resolutions were later adopted by each of the 15 Soviet Republics. Furthermore, Article 124 of the 1936 (Stalin-revised) Constitution stated that “[f]reedom of religious worship and freedom of anti-religious propaganda is recognized for all citizens.” 3 1 See generally W.E.
    [Show full text]
  • The Recurrence of Long Cycles: Theories, Stylized Facts and Figures
    Munich Personal RePEc Archive The Recurrence of Long Cycles: Theories, Stylized Facts and Figures Tsoulfidis, Lefteris and Papageorgiou, Aris University of Macedonia, University of Macedonia 10 June 2017 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/82853/ MPRA Paper No. 82853, posted 23 Nov 2017 06:39 UTC The Recurrence of Long Cycles: Theories, Stylized Facts and Figures Lefteris Tsoulfidis* and Aris Papageorgiou* Corresponding Author Professor Lefteris Tsoulfidis Department of Economics, University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki Greece Tel.: 30 2310 891788 Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Basic innovations and their diffusion, the expansion or contraction of the level of economic activity and the volume of international trade, rising sovereign debts and their defaults, conflicts and the outbreak of wars, are some of the major phenomena appearing during the downswing or upswing phases of long cycles. In this article, we examine the extent to which these phenomena constitute stylized facts of the different phases of long cycles which recur quite regularly in the turbulent economic history of capitalism. The main argument of this paper is that the evolution of long cycles is a result of the long-run movement of profitability. During the downswing of a long cycle, falling profitability induces innovation investment and the associated with it 'creative destruction' of the capital stock that eventually set the stage for the upswing phase of a new long cycle. JEL classifications: B14, B24, E11, E32 Key Words: Long Cycles, Innovations, Profit rate * Department of Economics University of Macedonia. Versions of the paper were presented at the 5th Conference of Evolutionary Economics, Volos-Greece May 2017 and the 19th conference of the Greek Historians of Economic Thought, Thessaloniki, Greece June 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • New Documents on Mongolia and the Cold War
    Cold War International History Project Bulletin, Issue 16 New Documents on Mongolia and the Cold War Translation and Introduction by Sergey Radchenko1 n a freezing November afternoon in Ulaanbaatar China and Russia fell under the Mongolian sword. However, (Ulan Bator), I climbed the Zaisan hill on the south- after being conquered in the 17th century by the Manchus, Oern end of town to survey the bleak landscape below. the land of the Mongols was divided into two parts—called Black smoke from gers—Mongolian felt houses—blanketed “Outer” and “Inner” Mongolia—and reduced to provincial sta- the valley; very little could be discerned beyond the frozen tus. The inhabitants of Outer Mongolia enjoyed much greater Tuul River. Chilling wind reminded me of the cold, harsh autonomy than their compatriots across the border, and after winter ahead. I thought I should have stayed at home after all the collapse of the Qing dynasty, Outer Mongolia asserted its because my pen froze solid, and I could not scribble a thing right to nationhood. Weak and disorganized, the Mongolian on the documents I carried up with me. These were records religious leadership appealed for help from foreign countries, of Mongolia’s perilous moves on the chessboard of giants: including the United States. But the first foreign troops to its strategy of survival between China and the Soviet Union, appear were Russian soldiers under the command of the noto- and its still poorly understood role in Asia’s Cold War. These riously cruel Baron Ungern who rode past the Zaisan hill in the documents were collected from archival depositories and pri- winter of 1921.
    [Show full text]
  • Background Guide, and to Issac and Stasya for Being Great Friends During Our Weird Chicago Summer
    Russian Duma 1917 (DUMA) MUNUC 33 ONLINE 1 Russian Duma 1917 (DUMA) | MUNUC 33 Online TABLE OF CONTENTS ______________________________________________________ CHAIR LETTERS………………………….….………………………….……..….3 ROOM MECHANICS…………………………………………………………… 6 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM………………………….……………..…………......9 HISTORY OF THE PROBLEM………………………………………………………….16 ROSTER……………………………………………………….………………………..23 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………..…………….. 46 2 Russian Duma 1917 (DUMA) | MUNUC 33 Online CHAIR LETTERS ____________________________________________________ My Fellow Russians, We stand today on the edge of a great crisis. Our nation has never been more divided, more war- stricken, more fearful of the future. Yet, the promise and the greatness of Russia remains undaunted. The Russian Provisional Government can and will overcome these challenges and lead our Motherland into the dawn of a new day. Out of character. To introduce myself, I’m a fourth-year Economics and History double major, currently writing a BA thesis on World War II rationing in the United States. I compete on UChicago’s travel team and I additionally am a CD for our college conference. Besides that, I am the VP of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity, previously a member of an all-men a cappella group and a proud procrastinator. This letter, for example, is about a month late. We decided to run this committee for a multitude of reasons, but I personally think that Russian in 1917 represents such a critical point in history. In an unlikely way, the most autocratic regime on Earth became replaced with a socialist state. The story of this dramatic shift in government and ideology represents, to me, one of the most interesting parts of history: that sometimes facts can be stranger than fiction.
    [Show full text]
  • “RUSSIAN ECONOMICS” OR ECONOMICS in RUSSIA: WHAT WAS BUILT on the RUINS of the SOVIET UNION? (First Draft)
    Vsevolod Ostapenko* “RUSSIAN ECONOMICS” OR ECONOMICS IN RUSSIA: WHAT WAS BUILT ON THE RUINS OF THE SOVIET UNION? (first draft) Abstract To be added… JEL: A11, A14, B29 * St. Petersburg State University, Faculty of Economics, associate professor, [email protected] 1. Introduction. Dismantling of the Soviet political system and transition to the market economy in Russia were inevitably accompanied by fundamental changes in spheres of science and education. The long- lasting existence of two key branches in the field of economic thought, namely political economy of capitalism and political economy of socialism, broke off. Russian economists started to rethink their research strategies and paradigms within which they had been operating. This process has not been completed yet. Economics profession in the country remains in the situation of blurring scientific standards and substantial fragmentation of the research area. As it is stated by Joachim Zweynert, sphere of economic science in Russia has evolved into something so heterogenous and manifold that one should even use term “economics” with caution. We will thus exploit different paraphrases like “Russian economic thought”. The initial problem arising is whether it’s reasonable to describe economics in national context. Of course, the history of economic thought is rich in examples of using national signs in defining various scientific schools: for example, British political economy or German historical school. More often the title of the school contains also the name of the university (research center), which gave work to its most prominent representatives (like Chicago or Stockholm schools). In 2015 a great volume on national and geographical features of economic science was published under the editorship of Vincent Barnett (Barnett, 2015).
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin 10-Final Cover
    COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PROJECT BULLETIN Issue 10 Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, D.C. March 1998 Leadership Transition in a Fractured Bloc Featuring: CPSU Plenums; Post-Stalin Succession Struggle and the Crisis in East Germany; Stalin and the Soviet- Yugoslav Split; Deng Xiaoping and Sino-Soviet Relations; The End of the Cold War: A Preview COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PROJECT BULLETIN 10 The Cold War International History Project EDITOR: DAVID WOLFF CO-EDITOR: CHRISTIAN F. OSTERMANN ADVISING EDITOR: JAMES G. HERSHBERG ASSISTANT EDITOR: CHRISTA SHEEHAN MATTHEW RESEARCH ASSISTANT: ANDREW GRAUER Special thanks to: Benjamin Aldrich-Moodie, Tom Blanton, Monika Borbely, David Bortnik, Malcolm Byrne, Nedialka Douptcheva, Johanna Felcser, Drew Gilbert, Christiaan Hetzner, Kevin Krogman, John Martinez, Daniel Rozas, Natasha Shur, Aleksandra Szczepanowska, Robert Wampler, Vladislav Zubok. The Cold War International History Project was established at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D.C., in 1991 with the help of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and receives major support from the MacArthur Foundation and the Smith Richardson Foundation. The Project supports the full and prompt release of historical materials by governments on all sides of the Cold War, and seeks to disseminate new information and perspectives on Cold War history emerging from previously inaccessible sources on “the other side”—the former Communist bloc—through publications, fellowships, and scholarly meetings and conferences. Within the Wilson Center, CWIHP is under the Division of International Studies, headed by Dr. Robert S. Litwak. The Director of the Cold War International History Project is Dr. David Wolff, and the incoming Acting Director is Christian F.
    [Show full text]
  • Issn 2318-2377
    ISSN 2318-2377 TEXTO PARA DISCUSSÃO N 610 UNEVEN AND COMBINED DEVELOPMENT AS A METHODOLOGICAL TOOL: a dynamic approach after a dialogue between Kondratiev and Trotsky Eduardo da Motta e Albuquerque Setembro de 2019 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Textos para Discussão Jaime Arturo Ramírez (Reitor) A série de Textos para Discussão divulga resultados Sandra Regina Goulart Almeida (Vice-reitora) preliminares de estudos desenvolvidos no âmbito Faculdade de Ciências Econômicas do Cedeplar, com o objetivo de compartilhar ideias e obter comentários e críticas da comunidade Hugo Eduardo Araujo da Gama Cerqueira (Diretor) científica antes de seu envio para publicação final. Kely César Martins de Paiva (Vice-Diretora) Os Textos para Discussão do Cedeplar começaram a ser publicados em 1974 e têm se destacado pela Centro de Desenvolvimento e Planejamento diversidade de temas e áreas de pesquisa. Regional (Cedeplar) Ficha catalográfica Frederico Gonzaga Jayme Jr (Diretor) A345u Albuquerque, Eduardo da Motta e. Gustavo de Britto Rocha (Vice-Diretor) 2019 Uneven and combined development as a methodological tool: a dynamic approach after Laura Rodríguez Wong (Coordenadora do a dialogue between Kondratiev and Trotsky/ Eduardo da Motta e Albuquerque. - Belo Programa de Pós-graduação em Demografia) Horizonte: UFMG / CEDEPLAR, 2019. Gilberto de Assis L.ibânio (Coordenador do 26 p. - (Texto para discussão, 610) Programa de Pós-graduação em Economia) Inclui bibliografia (p. 22 - 26) ISSN 2318-2377 Adriana de Miranda-Ribeiro (Chefe do Departamento de Demografia) 1. Capitalismo. 2. Efeito de inovações tecnológicas. I. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Centro de Desenvolvimento e Bernardo Palhares Campolina Diniz (Chefe do Planejamento Regional. II. Título.
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of Analogies in Economic Modelling: Vladimir Bazarov's
    The use of analogies in economic modelling: Vladimir Bazarov’s restauration process model Authors: Elizaveta Burina, Annie L. Cot Univeristy of Paris 1 – Panthéon-Sorbonne 2018-2019 Table of contents Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... 3 Preface ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Section 1. The framework that determined Bazarov’s work ........................................................... 8 1.1. Russian economic science in 1920s ...................................................................................... 8 1.2. Intellectual biography ........................................................................................................... 9 1.2.1. Before the October Revolution of 1917 ......................................................................... 9 1.2.2. After the October Revolution of 1917.......................................................................... 12 1.3. Bazarov’s work in Gosplan ................................................................................................. 15 1.3.1. Early years’ work ......................................................................................................... 15 1.3.2. Money emission theory ................................................................................................ 16 1.3.3. Planification theory .....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • La Déprise De L'empire Napoléonien En Allemagne En 1813
    Revue d’Allemagne et des pays de langue allemande 47-1 | 2015 L’Allemagne et l’Europe | La déprise de l’Empire napoléonien en Allemagne en 1813 Édition électronique URL : https://journals.openedition.org/allemagne/438 DOI : 10.4000/allemagne.438 ISSN : 2605-7913 Éditeur Société d'études allemandes Édition imprimée Date de publication : 26 juin 2015 ISSN : 0035-0974 Référence électronique Revue d’Allemagne et des pays de langue allemande, 47-1 | 2015, « L’Allemagne et l’Europe | La déprise de l’Empire napoléonien en Allemagne en 1813 » [En ligne], mis en ligne le 13 décembre 2017, consulté le 19 mai 2021. URL : https://journals.openedition.org/allemagne/438 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/ allemagne.438 Revue d’Allemagne et des pays de langue allemande revue tome47 d’allemagne numéro 1 janvier-juin et des pays de langue allemande 2015 Dossier Dossier L’Allemagne et l’Europe La déprise de l’Empire SYLVAIN SCHIRMANN napoléonien en Introduction ..............................................................................................3 Allemagne en 1813 CHRISTIAN LEQUESNE NICOLAS BOURGUINAT L’allemagne et la puissance en Europe ..................5 Présentation .....................................................................................111 CLAIRE DEMESMAY et BARBARA KUNZ ARMIN OWZAR Parés pour l’avenir ? La soutenabilité du L’historiographie allemande et le mythe modèle allemand en question........................................15 d’une « guerre de libération » en 1813. YANN-SVEN RITTELMEYER Le cas du royaume de Westphalie ......................... 117 Réformer la gouvernance de la zone euro : NICOLA TODOROV le dilemme allemand .................................................................25 « Le roi appela et ils accoururent tous » : DOROTA DAKOWSKA les provinces prussiennes cédées en 1807 Au nom de l’europe. Les fondations politiques dans la guerre de 1813-1814 ....................................
    [Show full text]
  • M-^R^'• -••-' ,• - Strength and the Birthmarked Man Or They Are Making a Good Start
    December 21, 1935 The Literary Digest 31 each note. It's not your fingers which are "An experienced nurse in a maternity stiff; it's the motor centers of the brain hospital said to a proud male parent who which are slow. walked straight up to his infant's crib on ../ "Anything you can hear in your mind entering the room, 'I wouldn't do that un­ t'K . h you can play. You usually listen to the less you have a lot of time.' i THIS CHRISTMAS | melody and the melody is usually in the "When the father asked why, she told right hand. That's why you say you have a him of babies she had seen decidedly J I WANT TO MAKE ; ,\ good ear. If you listen to the left hand spoiled by daily attention from the father you'll discover that your ear is just as good in their first two weeks. A PIPE SMOKER ^ "However much of the post-birthmark- on the low notes. HAPPY "When you hear in your mind the note ing is done during the first year or so an you read on the page of music, and when enormous amount of it is inflicted during you know where the note is, you can put the next decade. your finger on it. "Prejudice, jabbed under the skin as "And so far as that note goes, a virtuoso with a needle at an early age, makes never- could do little more." ending difficulties in our civilization. Americans look with horror at the train­ ing meted out in Fascist countries to chil­ dren scarcely able to toddle.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ramsey County Attorney's Office and Its Colorful 150-Year History
    RAMSEY COUNTY Aches and Pains of Property Owners: Taxes, Fees, 1856-1904 A Publication of the Ramsey County Historical Society Page 17 Fall, 2000 Volume 35, Number 3 All the Frailties of Human Nature The Ramsey County Attorney’s Office and Its Colorful 150-Year History Pierce Butler, Ramsey County attorney from 1892 to 1896 and future associate justice of the United States Supreme Court, with Henry G. Hardy, left, a clerk, and S. C. Donnelly, right, an assistant county attorney. This photo, from the Ramsey County Attorney’s Office, probably was taken when the office was located in the 1880s Ramsey County Courthouse at Fourth and Wabasha in downtown St. Paul. See the article on the history of the Ramsey County Attorney's Office beginning on page 4. RAMSEY COUNTY HISTORY Executive Director Priscilla Famham Editor Virginia Brainard Kunz RAMSEY COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY Volume 35, Number 3 Fall, 2000 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Laurie A. Zenner CONTENTS Chair Howard M. Guthmann 3 Letters President James Russell 4 All the Frailties of Human Nature First Vice President Anne E. Cowie The Ramsey County Attorney’s Office and Its 150 Years Second Vice President Anne E. Cowie Richard A. Wilhoit Secretary 17 The Aches and Pains of St. Paul Property Ownership: Ronald J. Zweber Taxes, Assessments, and Fees Between 1856 and 1904 Treasurer Leo J. Harris W. Andrew Boss, Peter K. Butler, Charlotte H. Drake, Mark G. Eisenschenk, Joanne A. Englund, Robert F. Garland, John M. Harens, Judith Frost 24 Was That Really Cloud Man? Lewis, John M. Lindley, George A. Mairs, Mar­ The Perils of Research: Two Leaders, Same Name lene Marschall, Richard T.
    [Show full text]