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THE NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL Journal of the New Zealand Medical Association

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THE NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL Journal of the New Zealand Medical Association NZMJ 28 November 2014, Vol 127 No 1406; ISSN 1175-8716 THE NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL Journal of the New Zealand Medical Association In this issue: Health impacts of climate change in Aotearoa-New Zealand Profits or people? The informative case of alcohol marketing Dog bites, treatment and prevention in New Zealand http://journal.nzma.org.nz NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL THE NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL Journal of the New Zealand Medical Association CONTENTS This Issue in the Journal 4 A summary of the articles featured in this issue Editorials 6 Tackling obesity: a call to action Rachael McLean, Jim Mann 10 Reducing childhood overweight and obesity in New Zealand through setting a clear and achievable target Stefanie Vandevijvere, Boyd Swinburn Articles 16 Health and equity impacts of climate change in Aotearoa-New Zealand, and health gains from climate action [Special Article] Hayley Bennett, Rhys Jones, Gay Keating, Alistair Woodward, Simon Hales, Scott Metcalfe 32 Alcohol intake, marijuana use, and sleep deprivation on the risk of falls occurring at home among young and middle-aged adults: a case-crossover study Simon Thornley, Bridget Kool, Roger J Marshall, Shanthi Ameratunga 39 Relationship between fructose and lactose intakes and functional gastrointestinal symptoms in a sample of 50-year-old Cantabrians in New Zealand Robin Spencer, Richard Gearry, John Pearson, Paula Skidmore 48 Self-monitoring blood glucose test strip use with diabetes medicines in people with types 1 and 2 diabetes in New Zealand Scott Metcalfe, Peter Moodie, Hew Norris, Dilky Rasiah 63 Evaluation of a rural primary referred cardiac exercise tolerance test service Katharina Blattner, Garry Nixon, Carol Horgan, Jayne Coutts, Marara Rogers, Brandon Wong, John Wigglesworth, Gerard Wilkins 71 Projecting future smoking prevalence to 2025 and beyond in New Zealand using smoking prevalence data from the 2013 Census Frederieke S van der Deen, Takayoshi Ikeda, Linda Cobiac, Nick Wilson, Tony Blakely Viewpoints 80 Is New Zealand water fluoridation justified? Yindi Jiang, Lyndie A Foster Page, John McMillan, Karl Lyons, Jonathan Broadbent, Kate C Morgaine 87 Profits or people? The informative case of alcohol marketing Sally Casswell Letters 93 Dog bites, treatment and prevention in New Zealand James A Oxley, June Cheng NZMJ 28 November 2014, Vol 127 No 1406; ISSN 1175-8716 © NZMA NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL 95 Levels of dog control and dog fouling in a large public park: methods issues and survey results Nick Wilson 98 The potential of citizen engagement and empowerment for obesity prevention in New Zealand Stefanie Vandevijvere, Erica D'Souza, Boyd Swinburn 101 What does the 2025 Smokefree Goal mean to the New Zealand public? Philip Gendall, Janet Hoek, Richard Edwards 104 “Enjoy the future of smoking” Brian R McAvoy 100 Years Ago in the NZMJ 107 Letter: Treatment of the Insane (part 2) Methuselah 108 Accuracy of urinary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for presence of cervical HPV Obituaries 109 Ronald James (Jim) Methven 111 James (Jim) Blaul Kriechbaum Proceedings 113 Proceedings of the 226th Scientific Meeting of the Otago Medical School Research Society, Wednesday 5 November 2014 NZMJ 28 November 2014, Vol 127 No 1406; ISSN 1175-8716 © NZMA NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/read-the-journal/all-issues/2010-2019/2014/vol-127-no-1406/6380 SUMMARIES Health and equity impacts of climate change in Aotearoa-New Zealand, and health gains from climate action [Special Article] Hayley Bennett, Rhys Jones, Gay Keating, Alistair Woodward, Simon Hales, Scott Metcalfe Climate change and related environmental changes (like hotter temperatures, heavy rainfall and drought) create many risks to health. These risks are recognised by health experts and leading health organisations all around the world. If climate change continues unchecked, parts of the world will be unsuitable to live in by the end of this century. New Zealanders will face serious health threats, especially those people who already experience poorer health. However well planned action to address climate change can reduce these threats, and can also improve health and save money in the health sector. Alcohol intake, marijuana use, and sleep deprivation on the risk of falls occurring at home among young and middle-aged adults: a case-crossover study Simon Thornley, Bridget Kool, Roger J Marshall, Shanthi Ameratunga This study investigated whether hospitalised fall-related injuries among young and middle-aged adults were associated with short term effects of alcohol intake, marijuana use and sleep deprivation. The study found that the estimated risk of injury was substantially higher after consuming alcohol within the preceding 6 hours. There was no significantly elevated risk of fall-related injury associated with sleep deprivation (<6 hours sleep in the preceding 24 hours), or marijuana use in the preceding 3 hours. Relationship between fructose and lactose intakes and functional gastrointestinal symptoms in a sample of 50-year-old Cantabrians in New Zealand Robin Spencer, Richard Gearry, John Pearson, Paula Skidmore The role that sugars play in human health is an area of considerable research interest. Therefore we were interested in the role that fructose and lactose play in irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. In a study of 227 fifty year olds from Canterbury we found that the main food sources of fructose were soft drinks, fruit juice and fruit, and for lactose the main food sources were milk and yoghurt. We found that those people who consumed more lactose and fructose experienced less pain from IBS symptoms. It is possible that those who experience IBS pain may reduce their intake of fructose and lactose rich foods, in order to reduce pain but further research is needed to see if this is the case. Self-monitoring blood glucose test strip use with diabetes medicines in people with types 1 and 2 diabetes in New Zealand Scott Metcalfe, Peter Moodie, Hew Norris, Dilky Rasiah Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) test strips help people with diabetes measure and maintain the concentration of glucose in their blood when using diabetes medicines. Should a patient’s glucose levels drop too low from diabetes treatment, it could result in a medical emergency. Likewise, if their glucose levels remain too high despite diabetes treatments, they risk long-term harm from their diabetes. Glucose test strips provide people using diabetes medicines a quick and easy way to test their blood sugar levels themselves at any time. The study compared patients’ uptake of publicly funded test strips in New Zealand, compared with published guidance on appropriate rates of usage. The study indicated that in the 2011 year, there was both under and over-dispensing of test strips to different groups of patients. Whilst some under and over-use of test strips may be appropriate to patients’ own clinical circumstances, persisting patterns of unsuitable use are cause for concern. NZMJ 28 November 2014, Vol 127 No 1406; ISSN 1175-8716 Page 4 Subscribe to the NZMJ: http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/subscribe © NZMA NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/read-the-journal/all-issues/2010-2019/2014/vol-127-no-1406/6380 Better adherence to published guidelines for SMBG may improve health outcomes and reduce pain, anxiety and disruption to patients. Evaluation of a rural primary referred cardiac exercise tolerance test service Katharina Blattner, Garry Nixon, Carol Horgan, Jayne Coutts, Marara Rogers, Brandon Wong, John Wigglesworth, Gerard Wilkins Rural residents have inferior access to diagnostic tests and usually have to travel long distances to the test site. We provided a local clinician-led Exercise Tolerance Test ( ETT) service at two different rural hospitals ( Rawene in Northland and Dunstan in Central Otago) over 12 months. ETT was no more costly to the system overall when provided rurally and significantly less costly for the patient. A shift in resource for ETT from large institutions in cities to local rural health providers may help overcome some of the disparities in access to cardiac investigations faced by rural patients . This is particularly relevant for rural Maori. Projecting future smoking prevalence to 2025 and beyond in New Zealand using smoking prevalence data from the 2013 Census Frederieke S van der Deen, Takayoshi Ikeda, Linda Cobiac, Nick Wilson, Tony Blakely The New Zealand Government has a smokefree nation goal for 2025. In this study, we have explored what the smoking prevalence amongst Māori and non-Māori men and women would be in the year 2025, assuming that the current level of tobacco control activities would not change (including no further tax increases after January 2014). We have defined this as a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario in the paper. Under these assumptions, it appears that the smokefree 2025 goal is not achieved by any population group. Further strengthening of current tobacco control measures (for example continued scheduling of tobacco tax increases each year) or introducing entire new policies (for example ones that would permit only very low levels of nicotine per cigarette) may be needed to achieve very low levels of smoking prevalence for all population groups in New Zealand. Is New Zealand water fluoridation justified? [viewpoint] Yindi Jiang, Lyndie A Foster Page, John McMillan, Karl Lyons, Jonathan Broadbent, Kate C Morgaine CWF (community water fluoridation) reduces the risk of ill health; it reduces health inequalities; it does not coerce ordinary adults into leading healthy lives; it addresses the health of children; and it does not fully achieve the public health aim of not intervening without the consent of those affected. Profits or people? The informative case of alcohol marketing [viewpoint] Sally Casswell Sophisticated marketing of alcohol recruits young people to drinking earlier and encourages heavier drinking. Marketing is effectively unregulated in New Zealand and, despite the evidence of an adverse impact on young people and a strong popular sentiment in favour of regulation, no significant policy change has been forthcoming.
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