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Memoires Muséum National D'histoire Naturelle C^ JiuàÂJ faJmM&djJL ISBN 2-85653-020-6 OU m s ., _/-- MEMOIRES DU MUSÉUM NATIONAL D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE NOUVELLE SÉRIE Série A, Zoologie TOME XCVII Danièle GUINOT CONSTITUTION DE QUELQUES GROUPES NATURELS CHEZ LES CRUSTACÉS DÉCAPODES BRACHYOURES I. La superfamilie des Bellioidea et trois sous-familles de Xanthidae (Polydectinae Dana, Trichiinae de Haan, Actaeinae Alcock) PARIS ÉDITIONS DU MUSÉUM 38, rue Geofïroy-Saint-Hilaire (Ve) 1976 JOHN S. GARTH Allan Hancock Foundation University of. Southern California Los Anr^ C'-fpHva 90007 JUN 2 7 1377 MÉMOIRES DU MUSÉUM NATIONAL D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE Série A, Tome XCVII CONSTITUTION DE QUELQUES GROUPES NATURELS CHEZ LES CRUSTACÉS DÉCAPODES BRACHYOURES I. La superfamille des Bellioidea et trois sous-familles de Xanthidae (Polydectinae Dana, Trichiinae de Haan, Actaeinae Alcock) par Danièle GUINOT Laboratoire de Zoologie (Arthropodes) du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle SOMMAIRE Pages INTRODUCTION 5 Remarques sur diverses régions de la carapace chez les Brachyoures 6 SUPERFAMILLE DES BELLIOIDEA Dana, 1852 13 FAMILLE DES BELLIIDAE Dana, 1852 15 Historique 17 Genre Bellia H. Milne Edwards, 1848 19 Bellia picta H. Milne Edwards, 1848 20 Genre Corystoides Lucas, 1844 20 Corystoides chilensis Lucas, 1844 21 Corystoides abbreviatus ? A. Milne Edwards, 1880 22 Genre Acanthocyclus Lucas, 1844 22 Acanthocyclus gayi Lucas, 1844 23 Acanthocyclus albatrossis Rathbun, 1898 24 Acanthocyclus hassleri Rathbun, 1898 24 Remarques biogéographiques et écologiques sur le genre Acanthocyclus Lucas 24 Caractères morphologiques différentiels des Acanthocyclus 25 Genre Heterozius A. Milne Edwards, 1867 27 Heterozius rotundifrons A. Milne Edwards, 1867 28 Particularités écologiques et éthologiques des Belliidae 30 Respiration à courant d'eau inversé chez les fouisseurs 30 Tendances évolutives 33 Examen des principaux caractères morphologiques et détermination des affinités phylogéniques. 33 1. Forme du corps 33 2. Chélipèdes , 34 2 QUELQUES GROUPES NATURELS CHEZ LES BRACHYOURES 3. Pattes ambulatoires .. /. .'• ' • • • • d4 4. Front .................. ....... •••• • • • • 35 5. Antennes et clôture de l'orbite • 35 6. Yeux et cavités orbitaires • £0 7. Antennules ** 8. Limitation antérieure du cadre buccal, chambre prostomiale et mxp3 43 9. Plastron sternal. Abdomen et appareil « bouton-pression » chez le mâle , 47 10. Appareil « bouton-pression » chez la femelle. Orifices génitaux de la femelle 52 11. Pléopodes sexuels mâles 55 Conclusions sur la position systématique des Belliidae. 57 TROIS SOUS-FAMILLES |DE XANTHIDAE (Polydectinae Dana, Trichiinae de Haan, Actaeinae Alcock) ......... ....• • • • • •••'• G* SOUS-FAMILLE DES POLYDECTINAE Dana, 1851 62 Historique 62 Genre Polydectus H. Milne Edwards, 1837 64 Polydectus cupulifer (Latreille, 1812) s.l 65 Écologie et éthologie de Polydectus 65 Distribution géographique de Polydectus 66 Caractères morphologiques de Polydectus 66 Genre Lybia H. Milne Edwards, 1834 69 Lybia tessellata (Latreille, 1812) 70 Lybia leptochelis (Zehntner, 1894) 71 *Lybia pugil P (Alcock, 1898) 74 * Lybia caestifera (Alcock, 1898) ....". 75 Lybia denticulata Nobili, 1906 75 Lybia plumosa Barnard, 1947 76 * Lybia hatagumoana Sakai, 1961 76 Lybia edmondsoni Takeda et Miyaké, 1970 .......... 77 Remarques sur le genre Prolybia Ward, 1933 = Lybia H. Milne Edwards, 1834. 78 Lybia australiensis (Ward, 1933) 78 Biotope des Polydectinae 79 Preuves éthologiques et morphologiques de l'unité du groupe Polydectus-Lybia......... 79 Ressemblances morphologiques entre Lybia et Polydectus 83 Examen de quelques caractères morphologiques particuliers 86 1. Carapace 86 2. Bord antéro-latéral ; .». 87 3. Cadre buccal, mxp3 et lacinie de mxpl 87 '4. Plastron sternal ...-.' 89 5. Pléopodes sexuels mâles 93 6. Chélipèdes et pattes ambulatoires 95 Patrons de coloration dans le genre Lybia H. Milne Edwards 98 Position systématique des Polydectinae Dana 99 SOUS-FAMILLE DES TRÏCHIINAE de Haan, 1841 101 Historique 101 Justification de la nomenclature utilisée et date du genre Trichia de Haan 102 Synopsis des acquisitions taxonomiques nouvelles 104 Genre fPalaeotrichia gen. nov. .. : 106 *fPalaeotrichia multispinata (Noetling, 1885) 108 *fPalaeotrichia laevis (Noetling, 1885) 108 Genre Trichia dé Haan, 1839 109 Trichia dromiaeformis de Haan, 1839 110 Trichia australis Baker, 1906 116 SOMMAIRE 3 Trichia horiii (Miyaké, 1940) 119 Trichia imajimai (Takeda et Miyaké, 1969) 123 *Trichia indica (Sankarankutty, 1966) .... 126 Trichia sakaii (Balss, 1938) 127 Genre Banareia A. Milne Edwards, 1869 .'....' 135 Banareia armata A. Milne Edwards, 1869 .. 138 Banareia kraussi (Heller, 1861) 142 Banareia subglobosa (Stimpson, 1858) 146 Banareia nobilii (Odhner, 1925) 148 *Banareia japonica (Odhner, 1925) 150 Banareia acies (Rathbun, 1911) 151 Remarques sur Banareia sp. = * Actaea acies var. Rathbun, 1924 153 Banareia inconspicua Miers, 1884 154 Banareia australis (Ward, 1936) ;...... 156, 157 Banareia odhneri Sakai, 1974 162 Banareia balssi sp. nov. 164 Banareia palmeri (Rathbun, 1894) .. '. 167 Banareia banareias (Rathbun, 1911) .....; 169 Banareia villosa Rathbun, 1906 174 Banareia serenei sp. nov .........;.. 176 Banareia (?) parvula (Krauss, 1843). 179 Genre Calvactaea Ward, 1933 183 Calvactaea tumida Ward, 1933 .'.' 185 Analyse comparative des caractères morphologiques des Trichiinae.... 188 1. Forme de la carapace 188 2. Face dorsale ,..:' 189 3. Front ................ 192 4. Antennules 192 5. Antennes 192 6. Cadre buccal et mxp3 194 7. Plastron sternal :'.... 195 8. Abdomen mâle et appareil « bouton-pression »....". 197 9. Pléopodes sexuels mâles 198 10. Faciès général, coaptation, pilosité 198 11. Pinces :....• 199 Distribution géographique des Trichiinae 199 Écologie des Trichiinae . 200 SoUS-FAMILLE DES AcTAEINAE Alcoçk, 1898 . .;...... 201 Historique 201 Résumé des principales propositions concernant les Actaeinae Alcock. 202 Remarques sur quelques cas particuliers et sur certaines espèces exclues du genre Actaea de Haan, char, emend 203 Genre Actaea de Haan, 1833, char, emend. .1 205 I. Les Actaea du groupe « savignyi-calculosa » 207 Actaea savignyi (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) 211 Remarques sur une Actaea du Macclesfield Bank = Actaea aff. savignyi.. 215 Actaea calculosa (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) 215 Remarques sur « Actaea granulata, Aud., var. Laevis ? » nom. in schedulis. 217 Actaea pura Stimpson, 1858 217 Actaea carcharias White, 1847 220 Actaea tuberculosa (Miers, 1884) 221 Actaea semblatae sp. nov 225 Actaea jacquelinae sp. nov 227 Actaea catalai sp. nov 228 4 QUELQUES GROUPES NATURELS CHEZ LES BRACHYOURES II. Les Actaea du « groupe peroni » • 230 Actaea peroni peroni (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) 230 Actaea peroni squamosa Henderson, 1893 232 *Actaea peroni occidentalis Odhner, 1925 232 Actaea glandifera Rathbun, 1914 232 * Actaea spinosissima Borradaile, 1902 233 * Actaea perspinosa Borradaile, 1902 235 Actaea squamulosa Odhner, 1925 235 Actaea polyacantha (Heller, 1861) 236 * Actaea fragifera (White, 1847) 237 Actaea flosculata Alcock, 1898 238 Actaea hystrix Miers, 1886 238 Actaea petalifera Odhner, 1925 .. 239 Genre Actaeodes Dana, 1851 240 Actaeodes tomentosus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) 244 Actaeodes hirsutissimus (Rûppell, 1830) 245 Actaeodes consobrinus (A. Milne Edwards, 1873) 246 Actaeodes semoni (Ortmann, 1894) 247 Actaeodes mutatus nom. nov 247 Genre Paractaea Guinot, 1969 249 Paractaea rufopunctata africana subsp. nov 250 *Paractaea rufopunctata philippinensis (Ward, 1941) 250 Paractaea margaritaria (A. Milne Edwards, 1867) 251 Genre Gaillardiellus gen. nov. 252 Gaillardiellus rueppelli (îtrauss, 1843) 254 Gaillardiellus orientalis (Odhner, 1925) 255 Gaillardiellus superciliaris (Odhner, 1925) 257 Gaillardiellus alphonsi (Nobili, 1905) 258 Genre Forestia gen. nov 260 Forestia depressa (White, 1847) 262 Forestia scabra (Odhner, 1925) 263 Forestia abrolhensis (Montgomery, 1931) 265 Genre Novactaea gen. nov 267 Novactaea bella sp. nov 267 Nomctaea pulchella (A. Milne Edwards, 1865) 269 Novactaea michaelseni (Odhner, 1925) 270 Remarques sur * Actaeodes modestus de Man, 1888 271 Genre Serenius gen. nov 272 Serenius pilosus (A. Milne Edwards, 1867) 275 Serenius gemmula (Dana, 1852) 275 Serenius ceylonicus (Laurie, 1906) 276 Serenius demani (Odhner, 1925) 276 * Serenius (?) kuekenthali (de Man, 1902) 278 BIBLIOGRAPHIE 279 INDEX 299 INTRODUCTION 5 INTRODUCTION Dans le cadre des théories fixistes, la notion d'espèce correspond à un simple procédé de clas­ sification qui fait appel, d'une part, au critère de similitude morphologique des individus et, d'autre part, au critère de leur parenté réelle à travers la génération. Pour la constitution des taxons supérieurs, la plupart des zoologistes systématiciens, fidèles à la tradition linnéenne, se sont servis des caractères morphologiques pris dans leur ensemble, c'est-à-dire de l'aspect général des espèces considérées. Dans l'optique de cette approche typologique, on utilise les différences et les ressemblances superficielles au même rang que les caractères indiquant des relations phylogénétiques. Avec le triomphe de l'évolu- tionnisme, une conception dynamique de l'espèce se superpose à la notion primitive : il ne suffit pas de définir et bien délimiter morphologiquement une espèce, de désigner sa place dans « l'échelle des êtres », mais il faut établir ses liens de parenté dans le schéma évolutif, déterminer son emplacement dans la « généalogie des êtres ». Actuellement, les notions taxonomiques sont liées à celles de la géné­ tique des populations. En démontant certains
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