In Vitro Mutation Breeding of Bananas and Plantains
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Reappraisal of Sectional Taxonomy in Musa (Musaceae)
TAXON 62 (4) • August 2013: 809–813 Häkkinen • Sectional taxonomy in Musa Reappraisal of sectional taxonomy in Musa (Musaceae) Markku Häkkinen Finnish Museum of Natural History, Botanic Garden, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 44, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; [email protected] Abstract The present work is part of a continuing study on Musa taxa by the author. Several molecular analyses support accep- tance of only two Musa sections, M. sect. Musa and M. sect. Callimusa. Musa sect. Rhodochlamys is synonymized with M. sect. Musa and M. sect. Australimusa and M. sect. Ingentimusa are treated as synonyms of M. sect. Callimusa. Species lists are provided for the two accepted sections. Keywords Musa; Musa sect. Australimusa; Musa sect. Callimusa; Musa sect. Rhodochlamys; reappraisal; Southeast Asia Received: 12 Mar. 2013; revision received: 2 June 2013; accepted: 13 June 2013. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/624.3 INTRODUCTION the species in the genus Musa into four sections proved to be very useful and has, therefore, been widely accepted, viz. M. sect. Linnaeus, in Species Plantarum (1753), was the first to “Eumusa” Cheesman (M. sect. Musa), M. sect. Rhodochlamys assign scientific nomenclature to bananas by describing Musa (Baker) Cheesman, M. sect. Australimusa Cheesman and M. sect. paradisiaca (based on Musa cliffortiana—Linnaeus, 1736, Callimusa Cheesman. 2007) while at the same time establishing the modern botani- Cheesman (1947) indicated that “the groups have deliber- cal nomenclature, which is still in wide use today. Numerous ately been called sections rather than subgenera in an attempt additional species of (wild) bananas have been described since, to avoid the implication that they are of equal rank.” He further which botanists have categorized into sections or subgenera pointed out that his publication “may stimulate investigation based on morphology. -
A Look at Ornamental Bananas Esendugue Greg Fonsah, Richard Wallace, and Gerard Krewer
Why Are There Seeds In My Banana? A Look at Ornamental Bananas Esendugue Greg Fonsah, Richard Wallace, and Gerard Krewer In many parts of the world bananas are a staple food, while in other regions they are a highly valued ornamental plant. Bananas are the fourth most important food crop in the world, and they are also used in many other ways—every part of the plant has value. In addition to the standard dessert bananas, there is another group of species in the banana ge- nus that are much less known in the United States but offer some wonderful options as landscape plants. This group of banana species is known as ornamental bananas. This paper sheds some light on ornamental banana cultivars that provide a tropical atmosphere to gardens in the Southeast region of the United States. Bananas (Musa spp) are the fourth most important group include yellow, purple, pink, red, white, and food crop in the world (Fonsah, Krewer, and Rieger multicolored. This group of bananas has the abil- 2005). In addition, every part of the plant can be ity to add both the tropical effect to the landscape transformed into a valuable by-product. It is used for along with vividly colored blooms produced over a beer production, livestock food, living shade, roof- period of weeks or even months (Wallace, Krewer, ing thatch, and as eco-friendly cooking wraps and and Fonsah 2007a; 2007b; Krewer, Fonsah, and plates in many parts of the world (Krewer, Fonsah, Wallace forthcoming). and Wallace forthcoming; Fonsah and Chidebelu Ornamental bananas of the Rhodochlamys sec- 1995). -
Advancing Banana and Plantain R & D in Asia and the Pacific
Advancing banana and plantain R & D in Asia and the Pacific Proceedings of the 9th INIBAP-ASPNET Regional Advisory Committee meeting held at South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China - 2-5 November 1999 A. B. Molina and V. N. Roa, editors The mission of the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain is to sustainably increase the productivity of banana and plantain grown on smallholdings for domestic consumption and for local and export markets. The Programme has four specific objectives: · To organize and coordinate a global research effort on banana and plantain, aimed at the development, evaluation and dissemination of improved banana cultivars and at the conservation and use of Musa diversity. · To promote and strengthen collaboration and partnerships in banana-related activities at the national, regional and global levels. · To strengthen the ability of NARS to conduct research and development activities on bananas and plantains. · To coordinate, facilitate and support the production, collection and exchange of information and documentation related to banana and plantain. Since May 1994, INIBAP is a programme of the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). The International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) is an autonomous international scientific organization, supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). IPGRIs mandate is to advocate the conservation and use of plant genetic resources for the benefit of present and future generations. IPGRIs headquarters is based in Rome, Italy, with offices in another 14 countries worldwide. It operates through three programmes: (1) the Plant Genetic Resources Programme, (2) the CGIAR Genetic Resources Support Programme, and (3) the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP). -
The Improvement and Testing of Musa: a Global Partnership
The Improvement and Testing of and Testing The Improvement The Improvement and Testing of and Testing The Improvement The Improvement and Testing of Musa: a Global Partnership Musa Musa : a Global Partnership : a Global Partnership INIBAP’s Mandate The International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP) was established in 1984 and has its headquarters in Montpellier, France. INIBAP is a nonprofit organization whose aim is to increase the production of banana and plantain on smallholdings by: – initiating, encouraging, supporting, conducting, and coordinating research aimed at improving the production of banana and plantain; – strengthening regional and national programs concerned with improved and disease- free banana and plantain genetic material; – facilitating the interchange of healthy germplasm and assisting in the establishment and analysis of regional and global trials of new and improved cultivars; – promoting the gathering and exchange of documentation and information; and – supporting the training of research workers and technicians. Planning for the creation of INIBAP began in 1981 in Ibadan with a resolution passed at a conference of the International Association for Research on Plantain and Bananas. In May 1994, INIBAP was brought under the governance and administration of the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) to enhance opportunities for serving the interest of small-scale banana and plantain producers. © INIBAP 1994 Parc Scientifique Agropolis 34397 Montpellier Cedex 5, France ISBN: -
Musa in India 19
FARMERS’ KNOWLEDGE OF WILD MUSA IN INDIA 19 CONSERVATION OF MUSA GENETIC DIVERSITY BY ETHNIC GROUPS Indian people, irrespective of their the West Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh geographic locations, consider bananas very around Hapoli, Potin and Sessa areas. Being close to their culture owing to their versatility stoloniferous in nature, they spread to a larger and use by humans and animals. distance and occasionally become a nuisance Conservation of useful and unique types is in fields prepared for cultivation. In such given more emphasis, while wild types, cases, though they are cut and burnt, the local especially Musa nagensium, Musa itinerans Adi tribes make sure that few clumps are left and Musa balbisiana, exhibit persistent on the far side of the field or plant a few perpetuation in nature in some areas of the stoloniferous suckers in their backyard for northeastern states (Figures 20 to 27). their survival and maintenance. Musa rosaceae (Syn. Musa ornata), one of the Rhodochlamys members is found in the plains of Lakhimpur in Assam, Subansiri, East Siang, Dirang districts of Arunachal Pradesh. It is distributed in clusters in wet humus mixed alluvial soils along the river courses. It is also abundant in central Mizoram. Nitshi and Adi tribes of Arunachal Pradesh and Mizo tribes of Mizoram harvest flowers for vegetable purpose and the rhizomes for cattle feed or for preparing medicine from its ash. While doing so, the complete destruction of a clump is avoided. Children are also taught to leave a couple of Figure 20. Conservation of wild Musa clumps for multiplication while collecting the species around the family pond flowers and rhizomes. -
Farmers' Knowledge of Wild Musa in India Farmers'
FARMERS’ KNOWLEDGE OF WILD MUSA IN INDIA Uma Subbaraya National Research Centre for Banana Indian Council of Agricultural Reasearch Thiruchippally, Tamil Nadu, India Coordinated by NeBambi Lutaladio and Wilfried O. Baudoin Horticultural Crops Group Crop and Grassland Service FAO Plant Production and Protection Division FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2006 Reprint 2008 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to: Chief Publishing Management Service Information Division FAO Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy or by e-mail to: [email protected] © FAO 2006 FARMERS’ KNOWLEDGE OF WILD MUSA IN INDIA iii CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi FOREWORD vii INTRODUCTION 1 SCOPE OF THE STUDY AND METHODS -
BANANAS in Compost Is Moisture and to Keep Excellent for the Bananas Heavily CENTRAL Improving the Mulched
Manure or plants good soil and BANANAS IN compost is moisture and to keep excellent for the bananas heavily CENTRAL improving the mulched. soil. They also Bananas are hardy FLORIDA prefer a moist plants in Central soil. Bananas are Florida but tempera- ananas are a commonly grown not very drought tures below 34˚F will plant in Central Florida. They are tolerant and need damage the foliage. usually grown for the edible fruit supplemental Following a freeze, B watering during bananas can look and tropical look, but some are grown for their colorful inflorescences or dry periods. They pathetic with the ornamental foliage. Bananas are members are also heavy brown, lifeless foliage of the Musaceae Family. This family feeders and hanging from the includes plants found in the genera should be fed stem, but don’t let this Ensete, Musa, and Musella. Members of several times a fool or discourage you. year for optimum Once the weather this family are native mainly to south- Musa mannii eastern Asia, but some are also found growth. A good warms, new growth wild in tropical Africa and northeastern balanced fertilizer, such as 6-6-6 or quickly begins and green leaves arise. Australia. They are cultivated throughout 10-10-10 with micronutrients is best. After a couple of months, the plants are the tropics and subtropics and are an Also an application of extra potassium lush and healthy. The stems will not be important staple in many diets. Bananas (potash) is beneficial to the plants. Most damaged unless temperatures drop are not true trees but rather are large, bananas are susceptible to nematodes, so below 24˚F. -
The Diversity of Wild Banana Species (Genus Musa) in Java
Makara Journal of Science Volume 20 Issue 1 March Article 6 3-20-2016 The Diversity of Wild Banana Species (Genus Musa) in Java Lulut Dwi Sulistyaningsih Herbarium Bogoriense, Botany Division, Research Center for Biology, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Bogor 16911, Indonesia, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/science Recommended Citation Sulistyaningsih, Lulut Dwi (2016) "The Diversity of Wild Banana Species (Genus Musa) in Java," Makara Journal of Science: Vol. 20 : Iss. 1 , Article 6. DOI: 10.7454/mss.v20i1.5660 Available at: https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/science/vol20/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Universitas Indonesia at UI Scholars Hub. It has been accepted for inclusion in Makara Journal of Science by an authorized editor of UI Scholars Hub. The Diversity of Wild Banana Species (Genus Musa) in Java Cover Page Footnote The author would like to give thanks to Herbarium Bogoriense’s keeper and staffs especially to Ridha Mahyuni for assistance some sample collections. This article is available in Makara Journal of Science: https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/science/vol20/iss1/6 Makara Journal of Science, 20/1 (2016), 40-48 doi: 10.7454/mss.v20i1.5660 The Diversity of Wild Banana Species (Genus Musa ) in Java Lulut Dwi Sulistyaningsih Herbarium Bogoriense, Botany Division, Research Center for Biology, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Bogor 16911, Indonesia E-mail: [email protected] Received January 28, 2015 | Accepted December 8, 2015 Abstract The diversity of wild banana species (genus Musa , listed in Flora of Java ) has been revised. -
Pollen Morphology of Native Banana Cultivar (Musa Acuminata Colla) in Surat Thani Province
International Journal of Pharma Medicine and Biological Sciences Vol. 8, No. 2, April 2019 Pollen Morphology of Native Banana Cultivar (Musa acuminata Colla) in Surat Thani Province Parinya Sukkaewmanee Faculty of Science and Technology, Suratthani Rajabhat University, Thailand Email: [email protected] Abstract—A pollen morphological study of banana cultivar in banana is insect pollination is a form of pollination (Musa acuminata Colla) in Surat Thani Province conducted whereby pollen of pollen banana and animal based. from March 2015 to February 2016. The pollen size and Therefore, the banana flowers are normal visited by bats, exine sculpturing of 8 cultivars of banana were studied by rats, birds, ants, bees, wasps and other large insects [1]. light and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The 8 The Musa sp. were classified from Ensete sp. based pollen samples were acetolyzed following the technique of Erdtman (1969). The pollen is spheroidal. In addition, the study on for example, study from; Kress, 1990 showed aperture types are colporate. The numbers of aperture three genera of the Musaceae, L. (Linnaeus, 1753) found were one aperture. The exine sculpturing is psilate. reported about 65 species Ensete Bruce ex Horan The length of pollen grains in average was 45-122µm. Pollen (Horanineu, 1862) reported 7 species Musella sp. (Franch) size of banana cultivar genome B was larger than of genome H.W.Li (Li, 1978) about one specie banana in Thailand A whereas triploid banana cultivar could be produced Simmonds 1956, Smithinand 2001 native species in larger pollen size compared to diploid. The pollen size is Thailand Musa acuminata Colla, M. -
Banana Cultivation in South Asia and East Asia: a Review of the Evidence from Archaeology and Linguistics
Banana Cultivation in South Asia and East Asia: A review of the evidence from archaeology and linguistics Dorian Q. Fuller and Marco Madella Research Abstract South Asia provides evidence for introduced banana cul- the present and what can be suggested for the early and tivars that are surprisingly early in the Indus Valley but mid Holocene from palaeoecological reconstructions. Ar- late elsewhere in India. Although phytolith data are still chaeological evidence for bananas in these regions re- limited, systematic samples from fourteen sites in six re- mains very limited. Our purpose in this contribution is to gions suggest an absence of bananas from most of Neo- situate those few data points of prehistoric banana phyto- lithic/Chalcolithic South Asia, but presence in part of the liths and seeds within the history of appropriate sampling Indus valley. Evidence from textual sources and historical (e.g., for phytoliths) that might have provided evidence for linguistics from South Asia and from China suggest the bananas, thus highlighting the potential for more inten- major diffusion of banana cultivars was in the later Iron sive future efforts. We also review some evidence from Age or early historic period, c. 2000 years ago. Never- historical linguistics and textual historical sources on the theless Harappan period phytolith evidence from Kot Diji, early history of bananas in India and China. suggests some cultivation by the late third or early second millennium B.C., and the environmental context implies Cultivated and Wild hybridization with Musa balbisiana Colla had already oc- Bananas in South Asia curred. Evidence of wild banana seeds from an early Ho- locene site in Sri Lanka probably attests to traditions of There is hardly a cottage in India that has not its grove utilisation of M. -
Study of Maasr1 Gene Expression from Dwarf Cavendish Banana Under Salinity Treatment
Available online at www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Scholars Research Library Der Pharmacia Lettre, 2016, 8 (7):179-182 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN 0975-5071 USA CODEN: DPLEB4 Study of MaASR1 Gene Expression from Dwarf Cavendish Banana under Salinity Treatment Abdolvahed Ghorbani Dadkani1, Gol Mohammad Dorrazehi2,*, Mehrdad Mahmoudi Souran1, Abdollah Hooti4, Salman Mahmoudzehi1, Mansoor Dehvari1, Mohammad Hossein Sangtarash1, Hossein Piry3 , Ebrahim Saboki3 1Department of Biology, Faculty of science, University of Sistan and Baluchistan, Zahedan, Iran 2M.Sc in Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangore, Malaysia 3Balouchistan Agricultural Research and Training Center, Iranshahr, Iran 4Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Biotechnology Team, Stem Cells Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Environmental stresses including salinity are viewed as the most important limiting factors in crop production. The genetic improvement of banana is important in order to design more productive hybrids. Most of the molecular techniques are based on tissue culture. ASR protein located in both cytoplasm and nucleus and it is functioning as transcriptional regulator. Most of the ASR genes are up-regulated under different environmental stress conditions and during fruit ripening. ASR1 protein is a highly charged low molecular weight plant protein that is regulated by salt- and water-stresses and generated by abscisic acid. In this study, we obtained the full-inducing gene ABA, which is called MaASR1, from banana leaves based on cDNA and method of RT-PCR from a single clone Dwarf Cavendish cultured in MS medium treated with 250 mM of NaCL for 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours, and studied it with agarose gel electrophoresis. -
Performance of Different Bunch Cover Materials to Improve Quality of Cavendish Banana Cultivated During Winter and Summer in Thailand
agronomy Article Performance of Different Bunch Cover Materials to Improve Quality of Cavendish Banana Cultivated during Winter and Summer in Thailand Saowapa Chaiwong 1,2,* , Rattapon Saengrayap 1,2 , Johnson Makinwa Ogunsua 3, Hiroaki Kitazawa 4 and Chureerat Prahsarn 5 1 School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; [email protected] 2 Integrated AgriTech Ecosystem Research Unit, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand 3 Nigerian Stored Product Research Institute, Km 3, Asa Dam Road, Ilorin, Kwara State 240242, Nigeria; [email protected] 4 Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan; [email protected] 5 National Metal and Materials Technology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +66-53-916-766 Abstract: Performance of different cover materials on improving Cavendish banana quality was examined during winter and summer. The banana bunch was covered with a thin nonwoven innermost layer, followed by cover materials arranged from inner to outer as follows. (1) Control (commercial cover), paper/polystyrene sheet (PS)/non-perforated blue polyethylene (NPPE), (2) Citation: Chaiwong, S.; Saengrayap, nonwoven (NW)/NPPE, (3) waterproof nonwoven (WPNW), (4) aluminum foil (ALF), and (5) R.; Ogunsua, J.M.; Kitazawa, H.; WPNW + ALF. For the summer trial, control without PS layer was applied. Material properties Prahsarn, C. Performance of Different including thickness, light transmissivity and heat energy (Qx) were evaluated. Results showed that Bunch Cover Materials to Improve Q values transferred through PS sheet, NW, WPNW and ALF were not significantly different.