NewsletterVol. 48 No.3 Summer 2017

Pest Management Solutions for Specialty Crops and Specialty Uses

Joe Neal observing weedy pots compared Selective Bioherbicides with weeds controlled on right have helped look specifically at Under Development crop safety. While this project is still ongoing, some of the general — Michael Braverman, IR-4 Biopesticide & Organic Support Manager trends are that the older woody Weed control continues to be one research with Drs. Jennings and plants tend to be more tolerant of the biggest challenges for VanGessel at the University of while herbaceous perennials will biopesticides and especially for Delaware to develop a weed tend to have an initial burn and this organic production. Most management system in organic is dependent on application rate. In bioherbicides have tended to be sweetpotato production systems. some cases, the crop injury was non selective, in other words they reduced when spraying dormant can be toxic to crops and weeds. There have been a few other plants in late winter. IR-4 helped to obtain an EPA selective herbicides that IR-4 has continued on pg 11 registration of acetic acid, which is helped register: Chondrostereum available to organic growers, but it purpureum for management of can only be applied to young resprouting of cut stumps in weeds. Plus, injury will occur if it forestry settings and Solvinix, a comes in contact with the crop. viral based herbicide that can selectively kill tropical soda apple In the 1970s, nonselective in pastures. conventional herbicides such as Inside... glyphosate were applied through The IR-4 Biopesticide Program has New Product Corner ropewick applicators. In a ropewick been working with Dr. Joe Neal at system, glyphosate was wiped onto NC State for over a decade, 2 weeds that were taller than the primarily involving weed control in cotton or soybean canopy. Before turf. In 2011, we started Greenhouse Harmony the advent of Roundup Ready evaluating FeHEDTA, registered as 4 crops, this was a common practice a herbicide in turf which also to control Johnsongrass. showed some promise in Texas A&M AgriLife Capitalizing on this approach, Katie ornamentals. Knowing the need for 5 Center Jennings at NC State University post -emergence selective weed evaluated an OMRI (Organics control in containerized Summer Crop Tours Material Review Institute) approved ornamentals, Joe expanded the 6 organic citrus oil based herbicide in project to look at overwintering a wiper system in sweetpotato. weeds. Cheryl Wilen of UC Exotic Orchid Some weeds such as pigweed Cooperative Extension, San Diego (Amaranthus spp.) grow taller than also started evaluating FeHEDTA 8 sweetpotato, which allows a providing a different spectrum of nonselective herbicide to be applied ornamentals and weeds focusing WHO, GLP & IR-4 through a wiper bar onto the weed, on low water use ornamentals 9 minimizing contact with the crop . more suited to arid climates. More The IR-4 Biopesticide and Organic recently, several USDA-ARS MRL Workshop Support Program is funding efficacy facilities and other researchers 10 Executive Director Notes Dear Friends New Over the last couple of years, I have used this Executive Director’s Notes column as a communication tool to keep IR-4’s friends up to date Product on happenings with IR-4. Many times, I have focused on strategic issues involving IR-4 and our efforts to help the specialty crop community. In all honesty, I am starting to feel like the proverbial broken record, Corner repeating the same statement with limited variation; “IR-4 is in desperate need of new resources”. Much of my current job function is to repeat This is for informational purposes this mantra as often as possible to anyone who is willing to listen or at only as IR-4 does not endorse a least not walk away. particular product or registrant.

I will continue to work hard to ensure that IR-4 remains a productive and Pyriofenon (Fungicide – ISK progressive organization. However, in focusing on the funding shortfalls, Biosciences Corp.) I have sometimes placed all the good IR-4 does for production of specialty crops on the back burner. This hit me like a 2 X 4 across the Introduction: Unconditional head during some recent agriculture tours. Here the speakers registration for the new active highlighted the impact of IR-4 supported product registrations on their ingredient (AI) pyriofenone was pest management systems and production of high quality specialty crops. granted by the EPA in April 2017. Specifically, I am referring to the approval of new products to manage The first commercial label in the Spotted Winged Drosophila in New Jersey blueberries and Michigan U.S. was released by ISK cherries. Though this pest is far from being marginalized, some of the mid-2017.This registration recent approvals of pesticides and biopesticides have given conventional provides growers with a new pest and organic farmers more tools to help reduce damage. The Feature management tool for use against article (pgs 6&7) highlights some of the educational tours involving various powdery mildew diseases. specialty crops that IR-4 team members attended this year. Belonging to the aryl-phenyl-ketone class of chemistry, pyriofenone is a We often receive letters of appreciations after an approval of a new proposed actin disrupter. This new product from commodity associations, knowledgeable farmers, or AI may be especially useful against University scientist/extension workers. Recently, I was copied on a target powdery mildews that have message from the IR-4 Nevada State Liaison Representative to a member developed resistance to other of the IR-4 team stating, “You have made my day and that of several fungicides. The first tolerances growers in Nevada. Thanks much my friend. The IR-4 program is the established by EPA for pyriofenone best” These types of messages validate IR-4’s work for the greater were import tolerances on grapes good. Personally, these acknowledgments help keep this job exciting and and raisins in 2012. Pyriofenone rewarding. has been classified by the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee I hope to see many of you at the upcoming Food and Ornamental (FRAC) as a Group U8. Horticulture Workshops, September 20-21 in Denver, CO and October 17-19 in San Diego, CA, respectively. These are the most important Other global registrations: Codex meetings for IR-4 as we prioritize potential research solutions. Please see MRLs for berries will be established the IR-4 Website (ir4.rutgers.edu) for more details. in 2019. First global registration was in 2012; and registrations exist As I wrap up this issue’s Executive Director’s Notes, the IR-4 Project in Japan, Australia, Canada, Mexico would like to congratulate and thank Rebecca (Becky) Sisco for her and are pending in additional contributions to the success of the IR-4 Project through her tireless countries. Tolerances exist in efforts as Western Region Field Coordinator. You will be missed! We Canada, Mexico, Japan and the EU wish you the best as you transition into the next phase of life. for various crops. Additional tolerances are pending. That’s all for now, US trade name/formulation: Jerry Prolivo® 300 SC fungicide (a 300 continued on pg 4 pg 2 ...... ir4.rutgers.edu ...... Vol 48 No 2 Warwick Tour provides Mushroom Tour The IR-4 Newsletter Vol 48 No.3 Summer 2017 Learning Opportunity for The IR-4 Newsletter is published quarterly for distribution to cooperators in our partner State/Federal/Industry research units, State — by The American Mushroom Institute and Federal officials, commodity groups, and EPA Staff private citizens. Material from the IR-4 Warwick Mushroom Farm was one Newsletter may be reproduced with credit to the publication. New Jersey Agricultural of the stops this year on the annual Experiment Station Publication summer farm tour the IR-4 Project No.P-27200-17-03. This material is based organizes for employees of the upon work that is supported by the National Environmental Protection Agency Institute of Food and Agriculture, US (EPA) . Jack Reitnauer and Bob Department of Agriculture, under award number 2015-34383-23710 and the Hatch Cantarera conducted the tour and “Most of the EPA tour participants Multistate project accession number explained Agaricus production, had never before seen inside a 1008823 through the New Jersey pesticide application practices and mushroom production facility, and Agricultural Experiment Station Hatch other pest management issues. they were ‘blown-away’ with the Multistate project NJ27202, with substantial high tech Agaricus production cooperation and support from other State “EPA's Pesticide Program scientists Agricultural Experiment Stations, system they toured at the impressive USDA-ARS, and USDA-FAS. found the recent IR-4 crop tour to Warwick site,” said Van Starner, In accordance with Federal Law and US the Delmarva Peninsula a great IR-4’s Assistant Director for Department of Agriculture policy, this opportunity to learn more about the Research Planning and Outreach. institution is prohibited from discriminating unique challenges that small farms on the basis of race, color, national origin, “Jack, Bob and colleagues gave a sex, age or disability. and specialty growers face. The very informative review of growing Warwick tour was extremely mushrooms ‘from cradle to grave,’ Editor: Sherrilynn Novack enlightening, giving us a better and participants learned so much in IR-4 Public Relations and Communication understanding of how mushrooms a short time. Kudos to Warwick Manager, 732.932.9575 x 4632, [email protected] are grown, the potential pests and staff for an outstanding final stop on strategies to combat them, and how our tour day! And the take-home Newsletter Committee: and when pesticides might be used mushrooms were a very generous, North Central Regional Director, (if at all). First-hand experiences like and much appreciated, bonus!” John Wise, 517.432.2668. the IR-4 crop tour are a great help Western Regional Assistant Field to OPP scientists when making The IR-4 Project is the major Coordinator, Stephen Flanagan, regulatory decisions about various resource for supplying pest 541.688.3155. pest management tools,” Wynne management tools for specialty Miller, Director of EPA’s Biological crops, including mushrooms, by Southern Regional Field Coordinator, and Economic Analysis Division developing research data to support Michelle Samuel-Foo, 352-294-3991 Southern Region Program said. registration clearances. Research Prog/Svs, Crd/QA Robin Federline 352-294-3983.

Calendar of Events NRPM Commodity Liaison Committee member, Mike November Bledsoe, 407-493-3933, Village Farms. 2017 Food Use Workshop 1-2, 2017 IR-4 HQ, 732.932.9575 September 20-21, 2017 Princeton, NJ Fungicide Coordinator, Kathryn Homa Denver, CO x 4604 Public Health Pesticides Manager, and 9th International IPM Symposium Technical Copy Editor, Karl Malamud-Roam GMUS-3 — October 1-4, 2017 x 4628 Montreal, Quebec, Canada March 19-22, 2018 Ornamental Horticulture Manager, and Baltimore, MD Technical Copy Editor Cristi Palmer x 4629 2017 Ornamental Horticulture ipmsymposium.org/2018/ Technical Coordinator/Entomology, Workshop — October 17 (tour) Ken Samoil x 4614 Assistant Director, Van Starner x 4621 October 18-19, 2017 priority setting, San Diego, CA ...... ir4.rutgers.edu ...... pg 3 Vol 48 No 2 New Product Corner SDHI-resistance. Tolerances for this continued from pg 2 fungicide have been set by the EPA for the berry and small fruit group IR-4 and g ai/L or 2.5 lb ai/gal suspension (13-07, except 13-07C), almonds, concentrate) lettuce, canola, legumes (except soybeans), stone fruit, and pome PMC in Prolivo 300 SC® labeled crops fruit. Isofetamid is classified by the (see label for specific use patterns Fungicide Resistance Action and other general directions for Committee (FRAC) as a Group 7 Greenhouse use): caneberry subgroup 13-07A, fungicide. bushberry subgroup 13-07B, small fruit vine climbing subgroup Other global registrations: Harmony 13-07D, low growing berry Isofetamid is registered in Canada — by Kathryn HomaI R-4 Fungicide subgroup 13-07G (except and Korea (grapes), and will soon Coordinator; Mike Bledsoe, VP Food cranberry) and cucurbit vegetables be registered in Mexico, Chile and Safety Village Farms; and Bill Barney, crop group 9 Japan. MRLs are set in Canada, IR-4 Senior Coordinator Crop Korea, Japan and the EU for select Groupings Labeled pest spectrum: grape crops, and first tier crops will have powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator), CODEX registration shortly. One highlight of the summer season strawberry powdery mildew is growing your own fruit and (Podosphaera aphanis), and US trade name/formulation: vegetables and purchasing fresh cucurbit powdery mildews Kenja® 400SC fungicide (a 400 g produce from local growers. That (Podosphaera xanthii, Erysiphe ai/L [3.333 lb ai/gal] suspension juicy, sweet taste of a ripe tomato is cichoracearum) concentrate), marketed by Summit like no other. Agro USA, LLC Ongoing IR-4 residue projects Unfortunately, in many locations, (PR#): GH cucumber (11446) Kenja® 400SC labeled crops (see once the frost hits, it becomes label for specific use patterns and impossible to maintain a garden. Other IR-4 database requests other general directions for use): That’s where the greenhouse (PR#): GH eggplant (12007); GH almond, head and leaf lettuce, the industry comes to the rescue. Even lettuce (11473); GH pepper berry and small fruit group (except in the middle of winter, when there is (11447); GH tomato (11448) – 13-07C), rapeseed (canola) crop a foot of snow on the ground, you use on GH fruiting vegetables in subgroup 20A, legumes (except can visit the produce section of the the US may be covered by soybean), stone fruit and pome fruit supermarket and purchase fresh fruits submitting Canadian GH data from and vegetables. What many do not ongoing pepper and tomato studies Labeled pest spectrum: Monilinia know is that a lot of produce in the species, Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia supermarket originated in a Isofetamid (Fungicide – ISK species, anthracnose, powdery greenhouse. Another aspect that Biosciences Corp.) mildews, Venturia spp. goes unnoticed is how the USDA IR-4 Project and the Pest Introduction: Unconditional Ongoing IR-4 residue projects Management Centre (PMC), registration for the active ingredient (PR#): ginseng (12000) (AI) isofetamid was granted by the EPA in July 2015. This registration Other IR-4 database requests provides growers with a new pest (PR#): none at this time management tool for use against various diseases. Belonging to the Ongoing IR-4 Ornamental phenyl-oxo-ethyl thiophene amide Horticulture Program Research: class of chemistry, isofetamid is an Isofetamid has been included in SDHI (succinate-dehydrogenase 2016 and 2017 protocols studying inhibitor) fungicide. This new efficacy on Botrytis. Most research generation SDHI has limited results are still pending, and it is cross-resistance with pathogen not yet available for use on isolates that have developed ornamental horticulture crops. continued on back page pg 4 ...... ir4.rutgers.edu ...... Vol 48 No 2 Addressing Grower Needs

Texas A&M AgriLife The people from L-R are: Cristina Research and Extension Marconi, James — by Michelle Samuel-Foo, IR-4 Southern Hearn, Robert Center Regional Field Coordinator Saldena, Alfredo Despite the mud clinging to our a new team to its field research Rodriguez boots, and the slippery conditions center at Texas A&M University, in and Michelle of the plots, Cristina Marconi and I Weslaco in July 2014 with the Extension Center at Weslaco, TX is Samuel-Foo were determined to walk the length addition of Cristina Marconi and the Texas A&M –Kingsville Citrus of the IR-4 broccoli plots at Texas her assistant Alfredo Rodriguez. Center. The two centers cooperate A&M AgriLife Research and Ms. Marconi, who hails from the to conduct residue trials on citrus Extension Center in Weslaco, TX small town of Matao, in the state of (oranges and grapefruit) when data on a cool January morning, earlier Sao Paulo, Brazil, took over the is needed to support registrations this year. The lush green foliage was position of IR-4 Field Research for these commodities in EPA a welcome sight, but Cristina had a Director (responsible for overseeing region 6. look of slight worry on her face. I the conduct of the GLP residue understood why, a few moments trials that are done at this south Robert Saldena and James Hearn, later, as from our vantage point no Texas location) from Lori Gregg, who both work out of Dr. florets were visible yet . This had who previously held the position. Mamadou Setamou’s lab at the happened the previous year, and we Agriculture is not new to Cristina, Citrus Center, play very important all feared that history would be who has been involved with ag for roles in ensuring that the field trials repeating itself, but luckily that was many years. She holds a masters are conducted according to not not the case. Upon closer degree in genetics, plant breeding only IR-4 protocol requirements but examination, we were able to see and biotechnology which she also in compliance with local the tiny buds peeking out from earned at the Agronomic Institute commercial practices. within the greenery. The huge in Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. smiles on both of our faces was a Following IR-4’s Food Use welcomed relief. When conducting field residue Workshop and National Research trials, Ms Marconi is assisted by Planning meeting every fall, the Growing crops in the Rio Grande Alfredo Rodriguez, a long term Weslaco TX team receives their Valley can prove challenging, but employee of the Tx AgriLife center. tentative schedule from the South Texas agriculture has This team works under the faculty Regional Coordinator and begins managed to develop a very guidance of Dr. Juan Anciso, a preparations for the following successful agricultural industry that professor and extension specialist in year’s field season. Land requests, has been in existence for almost a the Department of Horticultural seeds and transplants are decided, century. The IR-4 project is Sciences, Texas A&M. They and contact is made with the citrus fortunate to partner with Texas conduct an average of about 15 center if any citrus trials are on the A&M AgriLife Research and IR-4 GLP residue trials annually . docket for the following year. Keys Extension Center in Weslaco, TX, Texas This field site is located in to success for the Weslaco team are where one of 6 dedicated IR-4 field EPA region 6 , and they are the organization and frequent research centers in the Southern US only location providing residue communication, with both the is located. Weslaco is about fifteen studies in region 6.. They are able regional coordinator and study miles west of Harlingen in south to grow a variety of crops here, director team at IR-4 headquarters.. central Hidalgo County, Texas. The including peanuts, onions, broccoli, location is a thriving agriculture hub cabbage, sweet potato, and mustard The Southern Region is pleased to where many specialty crops can be greens. have this team on board and looks grown. forward to many years of successful Less than 3 miles away from the GLP residue trials under their The IR-4 southern region welcomed Texas A&M AgriLife Research and. watch.

...... ir4.rutgers.edu ...... pg 5 Vol 48 No 2 Feature R-4 personnel have been Summer C fortunate to take a number of — with contributions from Van Starner, IR-4 Associate Director; Phil Korson,Cherry Mark very interesting crop tours this I also discussed Schmidt Farm’s The PMC Tour year. Beginning with a cannabis operation in Ft. Collins, CO as part practices in helping sustain the When the IR-4 Project of the Western Region SLR meeting soils for generations to come. Management Committee (PMC) tour, mushroom production seen met in July and some on the on the annual IR-4/EPA/USDA The second stop on this tour committee were interested in a summer tour in June, turf cutting brought the group to Godfrey’s crop tour.Since the meeting was and an urban vertical farm on the Farm, which includes a held in Philadelphia, a visit to the PMC tour and Michigan Decision pick-your-own operation and farm Phillip E. Marucci Center for Makers Tour in July, and finally the market. Here, participants were Blueberry and Cranberry Research California Specialty Crop Council treated to a wagon ride on the center was in order. Center tour in early August visited farms in farm, which grows blueberries, director, Nick Vorsa, offered a brief Farm manager, Dan peaches, strawberries, blackberries, history of the center, that was Jerry the ease of wh the Central Valley. parts for industrial followed by a look at the research cleaning. IR-4/EPA/UDSDA Crop Tour being conducted by Cesar On June 21, 2017, 49 people Rodriquez-Saona. Cesar has been from the EPA and IR-4 participated in a daylong crop tour to visit 3 very different farms and learn more about farming practices.

The first stop on this tour was the Schmidt Farm in Sudlersville, and peppers. Godfrey’s farm Maryland. This farm grows 60 practices sustainability by using acres of tomatoes for processing Integrated Pest Management, crop and 22 acres of wine grapes. scouting and targeted pesticide use Participants also learned about this to maintain their top-quality farm’s production of 125 acres of produce. conducting IR-4 Biopesticide fresh market green beans, specialty research on finding pest soybean varieties grown specifically The third stop on this tour was a management solutions for Spotted for tofu and other varieties for high mushroom farm (see related article Wing Drosophila (SWD). oleic acid content (for Perdue on pg. 3). Most of those on this chickens). Jennie Han, the owner tour had not seen such an After a time of blueberry picking at operation and there were many the center, the group toured questions and photos taken. Tuckahoe Turf Farm. This 800 acre Participants were grouped into farm provides the athletic fields for smaller numbers for viewing this many professional and college 624,832 sq. ft. growing facility. football and baseball teams. They Here participants learned about the recently provided turf for the Mall wood-less, odorless state of the art in Washington, DC. Owner, Allen Metropolis Farms p facility and moved from room to Carter, gave the group a Griffin explains the room to see the growing process used for the lights n demonstration on how turf is cut the plants. from seed to harvest. Participants were also treated to box of mushrooms to take home.

pg 6 Vol 48 No 2 Feature Crop Tours 2017 California Specialty Crops keting Institute, Vice President; and Krista Coleman, IR-4 Biopesticide Research Assistant Tour California Specialty Crops Council, and rolled onto a pallet. While most Executive Director, Gary Van Sickle farms have dogs, this turf farm organized another successful tour clearly states: NO DOGS with visits to farms in the Central ALLOWED! Valley. Attendees from the IR-4 Project included: IR-4 Registration The group headed back to Philly to Manager, Debbie Carpenter, see an urban farm on the second Biopesticide and Organic Support floor of a building in south Assistant, Krista Coleman, and IR-4 Philadelphia. After a one-hour lunch Cherry Farmer, Don Gregory addresses the more than 60 people gathered to discuss Western Region Director, Matt where the charismatic president of the impact of SWD on US Cherry Farmers. Hengel. The tour included stops in n Sypolt, shows Metropolis Farms, Jack Griffin, told Visalia, Selma, Parlier, Coalinga, hich they exchange Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD). us his story and shared his vision for Salinas, Los Banos, Sacramento, and dishwasher The Michigan IPM Alliance hosted urban farming the group saw this more. Metropolis unique operation up close. Jack, the tour this year. Farms in once a venture capitalist, who Discussions were focused on notable downtown The tour kicked off with talks on studied economics, has developed a problems such as the Asian Citrus Philadelphia the 18th and an early morning start is even “Revolution Vertical Farming Psyllid spreading huanglongbing on the 19th and 20th. Over 60 growing Technology™ designed to be (HLB) disease in citrus, decline of sunflowers people attended the welcome ultra-efficient, environmentally return on investment in raisins, due in this urban reception at the Townline responsible and commercially to post-harvest trade barriers, vertical Ciderworks Tuesday evening. farming scalable. (metropolisfarmsusa.com).” vertebrate pest control, and the need system. All the pieces of the farming system to establish viable water use In attendance were 10 people from can be purchased from “big box” practices. Many stops allowed U.S. EPA, five from Region #5 stores, and is intended to be easily attendees to view the world of (Chicago Office), one from USDA assembled and disassembled for production and processing, including OPMP, Jerry Baron from IR4 as well cleaning in an industrial dishwasher. several packing facilities. Peaches are as state regulators, researchers and This 10-minute downtime to processed and exchange parts is the reason this most importantly growers. packaged for the fresh farm is so clean and pest and market by B&C Packing, you might disease free. SWD has been a game changer for the cherry industry. Growers do even find them in your local Costco! With the population projected to not have enough crop protection grow to 9.7 billion by 2050 Jack’s tools today with short Phi materials vision is to feed people and feels this (3 day) to deal with this pest and is the way to feed the populations of simultaneous harvest the crop. the future. This is a nasty pest that regenerates quickly and can explode under To see a slide show from these tours The message this attendee extracted certain conditions. Michigan president, Jack visit www.ir4.rutgers.edu from the three-day tour was that control system growers are at a crossroad and farming is a valuable resource worth needed to grow must find new management tools to Michigan Decision investing in. This includes human combat this pest as Makers Tour resources as well. With the average well as other invasive The 2017 Michigan age of a farmer rising, it is important pests. Tour Decision Makers Tour was to educate upcoming generations on participants effectively held on July 18-20, 2017, the benefits of entering such a field received this message in Traverse City Michigan. and the necessity of maintaining and witnessed the The theme of his year’s sustainable practices for feeding the devastation this pest tour was invasive pests with billions of people across the globe. a special focus on Brown can cause. Marmorated Stink Bug and Mike Goodis, US EPA Registration Director, shakes a Cherry Tree on pg 7 the 2017 EPA Michigan Tour. Vol 48 No 2 Spotlight on Orn. Hort. More Orchid Info The Exotic Orchid (aboutorchids.com) Orchids Grow All Over the — by Cristi Palmer, IR-4 Ornamental Hort. Manager World. Over 30,000 species of orchids inhabit every corner of the planet except for the driest deserts and Antarctica. Humans have crossbred these species to create 150,000 hybrids, with more appearing all the time. Most are grown for their beautiful flowers, but the seedpods of the Vanilla orchid provide the popular flavoring. And unlike most plants, they do not grow in soil, but in the air. Their roots attach to trees Orchids have been regarded as one Fortunately, for us, propagators and or rocks where they capture of the most prized flowering plants, growers have figured out the moisture and nutrients that wash especially the large flowering mysteries of growing the showy over them in the rainforest. tropical species. During the tropical genera and their hybrids. In Orchids are Ancient Plants Victorian era, plant collectors addition to honing in on the explored tropical zones and optimal light, moisture, and Evidence of orchids appears from brought back to Europe many fertilizer needs, propagating orchids the age of the dinosaurs, 120 different species. Many of the Latin occurs today mainly via vegetative million years ago, making them species names of the collect plants methods: division, back bulbs, keiki some of the first flowering plants. are derived from those collectors or (or little plantlets), aerial cuttings, Orchids are one of the largest and their wealthy sponsors. In the 18th and meristem or tissue culture. For oldest families of plants in the and 19th centuries, only the breeding and hybridization to world. For centuries, people all wealthy could afford these produce new cultivars, seed over the world have fallen in love expeditions to source new orchids germination for many orchids with their flowers. Their bright or provide the special hothouse require mycorrhizae fungi to colors, bizarre shapes, and cultivation orchids required upon survive and thrive. While there are enchanting smells have evolved to their arrival in Europe. several pests and diseases that attract pollinators. Many have a impact orchids during production, relationship with a single type of The orchid family originated back in management products are available insect or bird that can pollinate the early Cretaceous period (about for all but viruses which need to be their flowers. 120 million years ago) and managed through good sanitation represents one of the two largest and vector control. Here at IR-4 we Habitat Destruction Endangers plant families. Orchids naturally have screened various tools to Many Orchids exist on every continent except manage Erwinia bacterial diseases Orchids in every part of the world Antarctica and species have on a couple orchid species along adapted to temperate and tropical face dangers from pollution, with screening insecticide crop habitat destruction, and global regions. Many temperate species safety. have small subtle flowers, while warming. Do everything you can tropical species tend to have large Today, orchids are still prized as to stop these threats. We are showy prominent flowers in every elite flowers, but now they are already losing many of these color of the rainbow. There are at affordably priced and can wondrous plants forever. Reduce least 28,000 currently accepted commonly be purchased in garden what you use and recycle. Take species with some of the commonly centers, florists’ shops, and even action to stop rainforests from known genera being Dendrobium, grocery stores! being cut down or burned, or Phalaenopsis, Oncidium, Cattleya, wetlands from being paved over. and Vanilla. Yes, vanilla flavoring is Only buy plants from legitimate extracted from the seed pod of an vendors, and never take plants orchid. from the wild. pg 8 Vol 48 No 2 ...... ir4.rutgers.edu ...... WHO, GLP, and IR-4 WHO, GLP & IR-4 — by Karl Malamud-Roam, IR-4 Public Health Pesticides Manager The World Health Organization want to ensure that their citizens (WHO), after more than 50 years are as well protected from disease of evaluating vector control as possible; funders want to use pesticides with a small network of their money effectively; Collaborating Centers, is manufacturers want to differentiate transitioning to an evaluation their products from competitors on system based on formal Good the basis of quality and Laboratory Practices (GLP). IR-4 is effectiveness. On the other hand, helping with this major change. they add many years and substantial costs to the product development Public health pesticides (PHPs) are process, and manufacturers have the primary tools for fighting complained that the WHOPES this mechanism will speed the path malaria, dengue, and other diseases process has been unpredictable, to registration and marketing by carried by arthropod vectors, and making it very difficult to plan for providing consistent data guidelines the WHO Pesticide Evaluation product introductions and and will encourage innovation by Scheme (WHOPES) publishes marketing. In addition, WHOPES protecting intellectual property. Standards and Recommendations increasingly has issued for vector control products to recommendations for generic A major requirement for success for support national efforts to use products after a brief evaluation of this new approach will be global these chemicals safely and equivalency to proven products, acceptance of privately-held data, effectively. Over recent decades, which has been seen as a severe and the basis for data acceptability WHOPES has relied on other disincentive to invest in innovation. will be the use of GLP standards in bodies to evaluate pesticide safety all participating test sites. and has focused on testing the In the face of increasing demand for Multi-center GLP testing has been efficacy or product performance of new vector control products to the basis of IR-4 regulatory science treated bed nets, indoor residual address pyrethroid resistance and since the inception of GLP sprays, larvicides, space sprays, and the reluctance of manufacturers to standards by US EPA in 1989. other such products. The testing support innovations through the IR-4’s PHP team has assisted e regime typically requires laboratory WHOPES evaluation process, WHO WHOPES in their transition by (“Phase I”) tests of intrinsic toxicity, in 2015 began a major participating in WHOPES GLP household-scale (“experimental restructuring of vector control training programs, instructing hut”) Phase II trials, and multi-year evaluation (who.int/whopes/en). participants from Africa, Asia, Phase III village trials of durability WHOPES will continue to provide Europe and the Americans on some and acceptability. In addition, new technical guidance, specifications of the basic principles of classes of products must for pesticides and application compliance. WHOPES has been demonstrate epidemiological data equipment, training, and other able to adopt IR-4’s Standard of reduced disease burden to services, but the actual review of Operating Procedures, study design receive a WHOPES product data and approval of new institutional management, data recommendation; new products products will shift by late 2018 to archives, and quality assurance to from existing classes can avoid this WHO’s Prequalification (PQ) meet their needs. -We are proud to requirement. WHOPES is not program, which now reviews say that the collaboration between formally a regulatory agency, but medicines, vaccines, and medical IR-4 PHP, QA, and other staff have many governments will not accept devices internationally. The PQ provided critical assistance in the vector control products without model, like EPA or FDA WHO vector control their approval. registration, relies on registrants transformation. generating proprietary data under These rigorous requirements for strict standards and rigorous review evidence of efficacy have several of the data dossier by WHO and motivations – national authorities outside experts. The hope is that

...... ir4.rutgers.edu ...... pg 9 Vol 48 No 2 International Update MRL Harmonization Workshop — by Dan Kunkel, IR-4 Associate Director; Gary Van Sickle, California Specialty Crops Council; and Ed Ruckert, McDermott Will & Emery

On May 31-June 1, 2017, the USDA regarding pesticide issues. She identified different application California Specialty Crops Council Finally, he encouraged all rates and timing (GAPs), different hosted its twelfth annual Maximum interested stakeholders to become residue definitions, analytical Residue Level (MRL) workshop in involved as each of these and residue method and differences in San Francisco, CA. About one third related issues are considered by MRL calculation. She also pointed of the 128 attendees were new to the Agency. out the different crop groups used the workshop this year with 16 for extrapolation i.e. Leek (bulb international attendees representing Updates on MRL establishment in vegetable in US/CODEX; stem 8 countries Taiwan, South Korea and Australia vegetable in EU; leafy vegetable were presented by Emily Kao, Jin with small leaves in Taiwan. Ed Ruckert, Partner at McDermott Sook Kim and James Deller Will & Emery gave a presentation respectively. Taiwan continues to Rick Keigwin, Acting Director of on “The Pesticide Regulatory expand crop groupings for setting EPA Office of Pesticide Program Trends in the New Administration.” MRLs on additional crops. gave a commented on the four His presentation addressed a wide Nevertheless, without a MRL goals of the EPA in the areas of 1) to Strengthen food safety, public variety of issues associated with the assignment there will be no health and environmental transition of EPA from the Obama acceptable residues. Data protection, domestically and Administration to the Trump generators were further globally 2) Enhance regulatory Administration. These included encouraged to keep submitting decisions through collaboration by reviewing EPA personnel changes, data and they will work hard to leveraging scientific and regulatory budget challenges, the status of the address import issues, while being resources with the international Pesticide Registration Improvement mindful of their own grower needs. community 3) Conserve resources Extension Act of 2017, the status In Korea, the default MRL will be of U.S. consumers, growers, and industry stakeholders through more of the response to the 0.01 mg/kg. They will be efficient and coordinated regulatory environmental non-government extending the expiration date of processes and 4) Minimize organizations’ request to revoke current MRLs (set to expire international trade issues related to chlorpyrifos tolerances and cancel 12/2018) until 12/2021. pesticide regulatory requirements the product, the status of two EPA Regarding Australia, they require and facilitate trade and fair final rules, one concerning changes that a MRL already assigned in the competition. Rick also identified to the certification of pesticide country of origin maybe extended opportunities for involvement within applicators and the other changes to a minor use permit. However, OECD working groups, NAFTA technical working groups, APEC to the worker protection standards. their list of low level inadvertent food safety cooperation forum, He also discussed the situation residues can not be used for off CODEX committee on pesticide regarding regulating pesticides to label use. All of these countries residues and thought collaboration address potential pollinator shared their support and efforts in could be accomplished through exposure to pesticides, the status of the Asia-Pacific Economic global joint reviews and bilateral the Registration Review program Cooperation (APEC) efforts and partnerships. and the endocrine disruptor harmonization. program, and efforts directed Other presentations included Trade towards establishing and Audrey Chen, FMC Ag Solutions, Issues, Global MRL Database maintaining MRLs/tolerances. He presented an industry perspective Update, Recent Work in the WTO addressed improving the working on the challenges of setting MRLs. continued on next page relationship between EPA and pg 10 ...... ir4.rutgers.edu ...... Vol 48 No 2 Dried Prune Board, Dow Tolerance Successes AgroSciences, DuPont Crop MRL Protection, E & J Gallo Winery, continued from previous page Bioherbicides continued from front page Sponsors included: FMC SPS World Trade Organization In cooperation with USDA-ARS we Agricultural Solutions, Gowan are in the process of pursuing the Sanitary and/or Phytosanitary Company, LLC, ISK Biosciences registration of Pseudomonas Standards) committee on Pesticide Corp., Loveland Products, Inc., fluorescens ACK55 for the MRL and more. IR-4’s Associate Luxembourg-Pamol, Inc., Syngenta, management of invasive weeds such Director, Dan Kunkel gave a report The Morning Star Co., Tessenderlo as downy brome in rangeland. This on “The IR-4 Project’s International Kerley, Inc., Valent USA product is unique since the organism does not kill the weed but reduces Activities”, which included capacity Corporation, & Wonderful Orchards. building, USDA-FAS Support, growth and seed production, allowing updates on the Global Minor Use To view the agenda and all the for native vegetation to outcompete and re-establish in rangelands. Four Workshop, the details about the presentations visit the California other bioherbicide products under upcoming Global Minor Use Specialty Crop Council website development include new active Summit-3. specialtycrops.org/mrlworkshop.html ingredients for the selective management of dandelions in turf, The second day of the Workshop algae, aquatic weeds, and for started with an update regarding managing certain broadleaf weeds in endocrine disruption and hazard grass and broadleaf type crops. criteria in the European Union. This will impact $65 billion of trade fruit except fuzzy kiwifruit subgroup within the EU, and will have a 13-07F, Stone fruit group 12-12, major impact on ag products. Tolerance Tree nut group 14-12, Tropical and There were then four case-study subtropical small fruit with edible presentations, including a consumer Successes peel subgroup 23A packaged goods perspective of May - July 2017 PR#: 10654, 10882, 10909, MRLs, wine and their MRL issues, 11071, 11654, 11655, 11656, 11868 trade issues for Canadian grains Federal Register:May 11, 2017 and the challenges of securing Flonicamid Trade Name: Beleaf, Flonicamid Federal Register: July 7, 2017 import tolerance for spice Crop: Tomato subgroup 8-10A Flonicamid ingredients. The final presentations (tolerance increase); Trade Name: Beleaf, Flonicamid focused on the Spotted Wing Pepper/Eggplant subgroup 8-10B Crop: Peas and beans (edible Drosophila (SWD) and the (separate tolerance) podded, succulent shelled, and management problems it poses for PR#:10999 dried) subgroups 6A, 6B, and 6C growers and information on PR#:10472, 10473, 10474, 10475 quarantine treatments for SWD. Federal Register: June 14, 2017 Spirotetramat The organizing committee Trade Name: Movento, Ultor Federal Register: July 28, 2017 Fenamidone included: Dan Botts, Julie Chao, Crop: Carrot, Stone fruit group Trade Name: Reason Robert Ehn, Gord Kurbis, Matt 12-12, Tree nut group 14-12 PR#: 10788, 11455, 11456 Crop: Basil, Cilantro, Brassica head Lantz, Bob McClain, Gary and stem vegetable group 5-16, Obenauf, Mark Rasmussen, Cindy Federal Register: July 5, 2017 Leafy vegetable group 4-16, Leaf Smith and Lois Rossi. Workshop Indaziflam petiole vegetable subgroup 22B, sponsors included: Sponsors were: Trade Name: Alion, Indaziflam Kohlrabi, Florence fennel, Celtuce, Agrian, AMVAC Chemical Crop: Bushberry subgroup 13-07B, Cottonseed subgroup 20C Corporation, BASF Agricultural Caneberry subgroup 13-07A, PR#: 10120, 10925, 11813, 11814, 11815, 11816, 11817, Solutions, Bayer CropScience, CA Coffee, Hop, Small vine-climbing 11818, 11819, 11820 ...... ir4.rutgers.edu ...... pg 11 Vol 48 No 2 IR-4 Headquarters, United States Department of Agriculture Rutgers, The State University National Institute of Food and Agriculture NON-PROFIT of New Jersey US POSTAGE 500 College Road East PAID Suite 201 W This material is based upon work that is supported by the National NEW BRUNSWICK, NJ Princeton, NJ 08540 Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, PERMIT NO. 157 under award number 2015-34383-23710 with substantial cooperation and support from the State Agricultural Experiment Stations, USDA-ARS and USDA-FAS In accordance with Federal Law and U.S. Department of Agriculture policy, this institution is prohibited from discriminating on the basis of race, color, national

origin, sex, age or disability.

industry by not only helping to obtain to helping only not by industry

Mike Bledsoe Mike with greatly expanded opportunities expanded greatly with

Article photos provided by provided photos Article

have greatly aided the greenhouse the aided greatly have also provide greenhouse growers greenhouse provide also

Project and Canada’s PMC program PMC Canada’s and Project savings in time and money. It will It money. and time in savings

in order to promote trade. The IR-4 The trade. promote to order in which will provide significant provide will which

pesticide in both countries is necessary is countries both in pesticide have to be repeated in the US, the in repeated be to have

Canada. Therefore, registration of the of registration Therefore, Canada. trials conducted in Canada do not do Canada in conducted trials

facilities located in both the US and US the both in located facilities standing policy, greenhouse residue greenhouse policy, standing

Most of the US largescale growers have growers largescale US the of Most in the U.S. With this ChemSAC this With U.S. the in

pesticide products in order to survive. to order in products pesticide

generated in greenhouse locations greenhouse in generated squash and eggplant. eggplant. and squash

evident that this industry needed industry this that evident

comparable to what would be would what to comparable cucumber, lettuce, pepper, summer pepper, lettuce, cucumber,

insects and pathogens. It soon became soon It pathogens. and insects

Canada can be expected to be to expected be can Canada mildew on greenhouse-grown on mildew

herbs in an environment containing environment an in herbs

data generated in greenhouses in greenhouses in generated data gummy stem blight, and powdery and blight, stem gummy

eggplant, strawberries, lettuce and lettuce strawberries, eggplant,

not specified by region. Residue region. by specified not pyraclostrobin for control of Botrytis, of control for pyraclostrobin

tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, cucumbers, tomatoes,

environment and trial locations are locations trial and environment lettuce and boscalid + boscalid and lettuce

produce quality crops such as such crops quality produce

trials are conducted in a controlled a in conducted are trials greenhouse-grown cucumbers and cucumbers greenhouse-grown

which made it very challenging to challenging very it made which

this decision is that greenhouse that is decision this mildew and Phytophthora on Phytophthora and mildew

pesticides available to this industry, this to available pesticides

in both countries. The basis behind basis The countries. both in dimethomorph for control of downy of control for dimethomorph

1989. At that time, there were no were there time, that At 1989.

that the use patterns are the same the are patterns use the that were prepared on ametoctradin + ametoctradin on prepared were

hydroponic vegetable industry began in began industry vegetable hydroponic

greenhouse registrations, provided registrations, greenhouse In 2017, IR-4 tolerance petitions tolerance IR-4 2017, In

The US greenhouse largescale greenhouse US The

greenhouse data as support for US for support as data greenhouse mildew, Fusarium and Phytophthora. and Fusarium mildew,

by EPA to allow Canadian allow to EPA by blight, powdery mildew, downy mildew, powdery blight,

production a possibility. a production

proposal that was recently approved recently was that proposal not limited to) Botrytis, gummy stem gummy Botrytis, to) limited not

making largescale greenhouse largescale making

developed a US EPA ChemSAC EPA US a developed greenhouse industry include (but are (but include industry greenhouse

have aided the greenhouse industry in industry greenhouse the aided have

both countries. The IR-4 Project IR-4 The countries. both Current pest issues in the in issues pest Current

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Agri-Food and Agriculture helping to develop registrations in registrations develop to helping

management products, but also but products, management continued from pg 4 pg from continued while promoting trade. trade. promoting while

these critically needed pest needed critically these for obtaining pest management tools, management pest obtaining for IR-4 & PMC Working Together Working PMC & IR-4