DOCSLIB.ORG

Special News Feature

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

special news feature Summary of the Blizzard of '88 Centennial Meeting Mark L. Kramer1 and Gary Solomon2 A full-day meeting celebrating the 100th anniversary of the Great provided access to the city by carriage, horsecar, and foot, Blizzard of '88 was held in New York City at William O'Shea closed during the blizzard for fear of structural failure. Ferry Junior High School on 12 March 1988. The meeting was or- service was also suspended during the blizzard. The elevated ganized by Mark L. Kramer of the New York City/Long Island railway system in Manhattan which transported people for 5 Chapter of the AMS (chairman), Gary Solomon of the North cents between the Battery and the South Bronx came to a stop Jersey Weather Observers (co-chairman), and David H. Tolleris during the storm. Horsecars (forerunner of trolley cars) also of the City College of New York Student Chapter of the AMS came to a halt as the snow piled up and horses froze to death. (co-chairman). In addition, the Atmospheric Sciences Section Carcasses of horses were found for several days after the storm. of the New York Academy of Sciences, the New Jersey Chapter The suburbs were linked to New York City by an extensive of the AMS, Meteorological Evaluation Services Co., Inc. steam railroad network, which became clogged with high drifts (MES), International Weather Corporation, and Consolidated during the storm. Miles of track were hand-shovelled free of Edison Company of New York, Inc. were co-sponsors. WNYW- snow because the steam engine plows were insufficient for the Fox Channel 5 in New York City provided pre-meeting pub- task. The New York Stock Exchange virtually shut down for licity and post-meeting coverage as part of their nightly news the first time; the next time trading was discontinued was a and weather reports. Nick Gregory, meteorologist of WNYW- result of the February 1978 snowstorm. Fox Channel 5, emceed the meeting. David Ludlum, meteorological historian, provided a review Participants received a reprint of the 1888 issue (vol. 1, no. of historical snowstorms, starting with the Great Snow of 1717 1) of The National Geographic Magazine, which included the in eastern New England, through the Great Snowstorm of Jan- article by A. W. Greely entitled "The Great Storm of March uary 15-16, 1831 that lashed the east coast from Georgia to 11-14, 1888" and the famous paper by Everett Hayden entitled Maine. Ludlum reviewed the Blizzard of '88 by quoting re- "The Great Storm Off the Atlantic Coast of the United States, marks The New York Times editor made on the day after the March 11th— 14th, 1888." In addition, proceedings were distrib- storm. The editor put the storm in historical perspective by uted. stating,4 'But there has never been a time within living memory, Posterboards of the original newspaper accounts of the Great and there is no authentic record since Manhattan was settled Blizzard of '88 were prepared by MES for New York, New by white men, when the ordinary business of life was com- Jersey, and Connecticut. Among the New York newspaper pletely brought to a standstill as it was yesterday.'' The Blizzard copies on exhibit were The New York Times, The Telegram, of '88 is still considered to be the worst storm in New York and The Evening Post of New York City. Long Island papers City history even though only 21 inches fell. The snowstorm displayed were The Patchogue Advance, The Sag Harbor Ex- of 26 December 1947 dumped 26.4 inches on the city, but did press, The Traveler (Southold), the Hempstead Inquirer, and not cause the severe havoc or loss of life associated with the The Long Islander (Huntington). Upstate New York papers Blizzard of '88. included the Albany Times, The Daily Eagle (Poughkeepsie), For comparison purposes, Robert B. Sykes, Jr. (retired from and the Newburgh Daily News. Copies of the original mete- the State University of New York at Oswego), presented slides orological records for March of 1888 were obtained from the and statistics of the Blizzard of '66, which dumped at least 102 National Climatic Data Center as well as the National Weather inches of snow on the Oswego area. Most New York City area Service Office at Rockefellar Plaza in New York City. Weather residents do not see this much snow in an entire winter, never records and comments by observers from the tri-state area were mind in one storm. also exhibited. Judd Caplovich, author of Blizzard! The Great Storm of '88 Gary Solomon set a perspective from which to gage the effect presented a slide show of the Blizzard of '88 based on pho- the blizzard had upon daily life. He described the New York tographs housed at historical societies and museums throughout City/Long Island and suburban areas as they existed in 1888, the northeast. He also reviewed the humorous signs people with special emphasis on the transportation systems, technol- made and identified famous landmarks of the era. ogy, and architecture. The Brooklyn Bridge (originally referred Mary Cable, author of The Blizzard of'88, related a number to as the East River Crossing), which opened in 1883 and of anecdotes about the storm of '88 that are portrayed in her narrative book. Both Cable's book and Caplovich's book were available for purchase and autographed by the authors. Paul J. Kocin of the Laboratory for Atmospheres at NASA's 1 Meteorological Evaluation Services Co., Inc., 165 Broadway, Am- Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, and au- ityville, NY 11701. 2 th thor of the BULLETIN article of November 1983 entitled "An 201 West 70 St., Apt. 3D, New York, NY 10023. analysis of 'Blizzard of '88' " presented the results of his © 1988 American Meteorological Society surface and upper-air analyses of the March blizzard. The com- Bulletin American Meteorological Society 981 Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/04/21 01:36 PM UTC MESOSCAIE METEOROLOGY AND FORECASTING Edited by PETERS.RAY This volume provides a comprehensive survey of the important topics in mesoscale meteorology. It is designed to supplement a practicing meteorologist's experience with new material and ideas on mesoscale processes, and to acquaint the student meteorologist with the broad range of topics embraced by the classification "mesoscale" meteorology. Illustrations, complete bibliographic references, and a comprehensive index are included. The text comprises contributions from 44 distinguished scientists in mesoscale meteorology. The 31 chapters are organized within these general headings: INTRODUCTION Kerry A. Emanuel T.T. Fujita Glen Rasch Joseph T. Schaefer Daniel Smith Fred L. Zuckerberg OBSERVING TECHNIQUES Donald Burgess Joseph Facundo Joseph H. Golden Vincent Lally Ronald D. McPherson James FW. Purdom Peter S. Ray Roderick A. Scofield Robert Serafin Dennis W. Thomson INTERNALLY GENERATED CIRCULATIONS Robert W. Burpee Howard B. Bluestein William H. Hooke Charles F. Chappell Douglas Lilly Daniel Keyser MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS Diana L. Bartels Carl Hane Kenneth W. Howard Joseph B. Klemp Robert Maddox Dennis M. Rodgers Richard Rotunno Morris Weisman EXTERNALLY FORCED CIRCULATIONS Joe F. Boatman Dale R. Durran Roger A. Pielke Raymond T. Pierrehumbert Roger F. Reinking Joseph T Schaefer Moti Segal MESOSCALE MODELING Richard A. Anthes William R. Cotton John B. Hovermale Donald J. Perkey SHORT-RANGE FORECASTING TECHNIQUES Charles A. Doswell John McGinley Bruce B. Ross Thomas W. Schlatter As a textbook of mesoscale meteorology, the volume will provide to the operational and practicing meteorologist, as well as student meteorologists, the principal new observations and theories in this interdisciplinary topic. ...over 800 pp. List price $45* Send order and remittance to: AMS Member/NOAA Employee $30* AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY Course Participant/Student $20* 45 Beacon Street *(Plus $5.25 shipping & handling) Boston, MA 02108 142 Vol. 69, No. 8, August 1988 Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/04/21 01:36 PM UTC Bulletin American Meteorological Society 983 bination of an intense, slow-moving cyclone and a stationary adequate and frequently misleading. Accurate assessments of frontal zone that separated moist, maritime air from bitterly the weight of the snow need to be made from a number of cold Canadian air resulted in a situation where heavy snowfall stations. Deployment of snow removal services in the aftermath exceeding 125 cm, high winds of 35-40 m/s, and cold tem- of major New York City storms, including the Lindsay storm, peratures persisted for 2 to 3 days, producing an unprecedented were discussed. blizzard. The 500-mb charts were derived from a graphical Analysis of the water equivalent of snow for the Blizzard of addition of a 1000- to 500-mb height chart based on what are '88, the December 1947, and the February 1969 storms showed presumed to be relatively correct sea-level pressure measure- that the water equivalent in the Borough of Queens for the ments and a guess of the 1000- to 500-mb thickness field based Lindsay February storm approached those of the Blizzard of on surface temperature observations and other factors. Slides '88 and December 1947 storms! The difference in water equiv- of the surface and upper-air charts were shown in time sequence alent amount between Manhattan and Queens for the Lindsay to demonstrate the development, intensification, and track of storm equated to an underestimate of 500 kilotons of snow on the Blizzard. the streets of Queens. Lance Bosart of the Department of Atmospheric Science at The finale was provided by Commissioner Brendan Sexton the State University of New York at Albany described the and Chief of the Bureau of Cleaning and Collecton John Doh- meteorological conditions associated with the Blizzard of '88, erty of the New York City Department of Sanitation.
Recommended publications
  • Supplying Rochester in the Age of the Erie Canal

    Supplying Rochester in the Age of the Erie Canal

    SUPPLYING ROCHESTER IN THE AGE OF THE ERIE CANAL: AN EXAMINATION OF THE INVENTORIES OF CERAMIC AND GLASS MERCHANT BENJAMIN SEABURY by Sara McNamara A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of the Arts in American Material Culture Spring 2018 © 2018 Sara McNamara All Rights Reserved SUPPLYING ROCHESTER IN THE AGE OF THE ERIE CANAL: AN EXAMINATION OF THE INVENTORIES OF CERAMIC AND GLASS MERCHANT BENJAMIN SEABURY by Sara McNamara Approved: __________________________________________________________ Thomas A. Guiler, Ph.D. Professor in charge of thesis on behalf of the Advisory Committee Approved: __________________________________________________________ Wendy Bellion, Ph.D. Acting Director of the Winterthur Program in American Material Culture Approved: __________________________________________________________ George H. Watson, Ph.D. Dean of the College of Arts & Sciences Approved: __________________________________________________________ Ann L. Ardis, Ph.D. Senior Vice Provost for Graduate and Professional Education ACKNOWLEDGMENTS As with all projects, this research would not have been possible without the help and support of many people. I am grateful and indebted to all those who assisted me in various stages of my research from the initial planning to the final editing. First and foremost, I thank my advisor Dr. Thomas Guiler for his indefatigable enthusiasm for my work. Tom was always there for me with a ready high five or conversation about Syracuse basketball to keep me from feeling overwhelmed. This thesis would not exist without his suggestions, edits, and advice. I am thankful to the University of Delaware, which granted Winterthur Program Professional Development Funds to this research.
  • The Elevation-Dependence of Snowfall in the Appalachian Ridge and Valley Region of Northeastern Pennsylvania

    The Elevation-Dependence of Snowfall in the Appalachian Ridge and Valley Region of Northeastern Pennsylvania

    Evans, M., M. Jurewicz, and R. Kline, 2017: The elevation-dependence of snowfall in the Appalachian Ridge and Valley region of northeastern Pennsylvania. J. Operational Meteor., 5 (8), 87-102, doi: https://doi.org/10.15191/nwajom.2017.0508. The Elevation-Dependence of Snowfall in the Appalachian Ridge and Valley Region of Northeastern Pennsylvania MICHAEL EVANS NOAA/NWS Binghamton, New York MICHAEL JUREWICZ NOAA/NWS Binghamton, New York RACHAEL KLINE State University of New York at Binghamton, New York (Manuscript received 13 November 2016; review completed 26 March 2017) ABSTRACT Northeastern Pennsylvania is located in the Appalachian Ridge and Valley region characterized by northeast– southwest oriented ridges running parallel to broad valleys. Snowfall in the region can vary considerably over short distances owing to differences in elevation. To study the impact of elevation on snowfall in this region, a collection of snow events from 2005 to 2014 was studied. The median high-elevation versus low-elevation snowfall ratio—or orographic ratio—for the events was 1.27; however, several cases were identified that departed substantially from the average. The primary goal of this study is to give forecasters an understanding of factors that modulate the impact of elevation on snowfall in this region. Nine events with a high-elevation dependency were compared to twelve events with a low-elevation dependency. High dependency was most likely with high-amplitude flow and deep surface cyclones along the East Coast, whereas low-dependency cases were associated with Miller type B cyclone tracks and flow that was less amplified. High-elevation dependency also was most likely for events with strong lower-tropospheric winds, along with surface temperatures >–1°C (30°F) at Avoca, Pennsylvania.
  • Celebrating Hugh Miller

    Celebrating Hugh Miller

    Photo: Andrew Dowsett Bust by William Brodie, 1857, in birthplace cottage, Cromarty (NTS). CELEBRATING THE LIFE AND TIMES OF HUGH MILLER Scotland in the Early 19th Century Ethnography & folklore, geology & natural history, church & society Edited by Lester Borley Copyrights © The Editor & Contributors severally 2003 Published by the Cromarty Arts Trust & the Elphinstone Institute of the University of Aberdeen with the financial support of Scottish Natural Heritage and Ross & Cromarty Enterprise * A collection of papers presented at an international conference held in Cromarty from 10-12 October 2002, to celebrate the bicentenary of Hugh Miller. Organised by the Cromarty Arts Trust in collaboration with the Elphinstone Institute of the University of Aberdeen and the Highland Theological College. * Under the patronage of Dr James Hunter, Rt Hon Lord Mackay of Clashfern, Mrs Marian McKenzie Johnston, Dr John Nightingale of Cromarty, Mrs Anne Short, Professor Duncan Rice and Professor Roger Wheater. ISBN NB insert number in black before printing, or delete this whole line Foreword Dr John Nightingale Chairman, Cromarty Arts Trust Hugh Miller used his understanding of fossils to transport his readers back in time to witness a spell-binding spectacle of the creation and unfolding of the world in geo- logical time. The papers collected in this bicentenary volume similarly use Hugh Miller’s life and writings to open up the great issues of geology, church and society, and ethnography in Scotland in the first half of the nineteenth century – a period of great scientific discoveries, revolution in the church, and of clearances, emigration, urbani- sation and rapid social change. Miller’s ability to combine the skills of a Highland story-teller with the visual imagery of new technologies of panoramas and dioramas to dramatise his subject may be hard to match, but these papers leave readers in no doubt that this period was every bit as formative as the Scottish Enlightenment.
  • PREFACE ERWIN, UNICOI COUNTY, TENNESSEE (Data Compiled by Toney Insurance Agency)

    PREFACE ERWIN, UNICOI COUNTY, TENNESSEE (Data Compiled by Toney Insurance Agency)

    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell & Howell Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA UIVII 800-521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. NOTE TO USERS This reproduction is the best copy availabie. UMI Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner.
  • P4.475 a Comparison of Wrf 3.2 and Wrf 3.1.1 Forecasts of Eight Nor’Easter Events

    P4.475 a Comparison of Wrf 3.2 and Wrf 3.1.1 Forecasts of Eight Nor’Easter Events

    P4.475 A COMPARISON OF WRF 3.2 AND WRF 3.1.1 FORECASTS OF EIGHT NOR’EASTER EVENTS Stephen D. Nicholls* and Steven G. Decker Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA 1. INTRODUCTION cold bias was successfully reduced to within ±0.5 K day−1 of the standard cooling rates. Here, we will Since 1950 when a team of Princeton scientists compare the performance of WRF version 3.1.1 to WRF completed the first successful numerical weather version 3.2 during eight nor’easter simulations and also forecast on ENIAC, numerical weather prediction has determine to what degree the new RRTM 3.2 longwave become an integral aspect of atmospheric science. As scheme has contributed to these performance computer technology has advanced, so have the differences. complexity and capability of prognostic atmospheric models. Present day models, such as the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) Advanced 2. METHODOLOGY Research WRF (WRF-ARW; hereafter shortened to WRF), solve computationally intensive, fully This WRF-based study will solely focus on intense compressible, non-hydrostatic equations at specified wintertime cyclones that affect the Northeastern United time steps and using specified boundary conditions, States (nor’easters) given the complex interaction which allow simulations of the atmosphere at model between dynamics and thermodynamics that underpin resolutions of which the Princeton scientists could have their development and maintenance. Specifically for this only dreamed. Despite such advancements, the WRF study, we chose eight nor’easter cases that occurred model remains imperfect; thus, it is updated and refined between the months of October – April and the years annually as new errors are found and new schemes are 2006 – 2010 (See Table 1).
  • Ith Orange and Newark, Replacing the Stage Coaches That Had Formerly Run on What Is Now South Orange Avenue

    Ith Orange and Newark, Replacing the Stage Coaches That Had Formerly Run on What Is Now South Orange Avenue

    NP8 Form 10400 0MB No. 1024-001* (R«v. M6) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form Is for use In nominating or requesting determinations of eligibility for Individual properties or districts. See Instructions In Guidelines for Completing National Register Forms (National Register Bulletin 16). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the requested Information. If an Item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, styles, materials, and areas of significance, enter only the categories and subcategorles listed In the Instructions. For additional space use continuation sheets (Form 10-900a). Type all entries. 1. Name of Proptrty historic name Stone House by the Stone House Brook other names/site number 2. Location street & number South Orange Avenue Mnot for publication city, town Township of South Orange Village ^vicinity state New Jersey code 034 county Essex code 013 zlpoode 07079 3. Claaalflcatlon Ownership of Property Category of Property Number of Resources within Property private 2 bulldlng(a) Contributing Noncontrlbutlng public-local district 1 ___ buildings public-State •Ite 1 ___sites public-Federal structure ___ ___ structures object ___ ___objects 2 0 Total Name of related multiple property listing: Number of contributing resources previously NA listed In the National Register ° 4. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1986, as amended, I hereby certify that this DD nomination EH request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties In the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth In 36 CFR Part 60.
  • National Assessment of Ia W Enforcement Anti-Gang Information Resources

    National Assessment of Ia W Enforcement Anti-Gang Information Resources

    If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. l NATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF IAW ENFORCEMENT ANTI-GANG INFORMATION RESOURCES FINAL REPORT ... ~" : ~ . o West Virginia University National Assessment SUlVey t;'''' ...... ~ .. ' ,.. .•.. ,~: '. ~ '. !r' ;: .......------------------ NA.TIONAL ASSESSMENT OF LAW ENFORCEMENT ANTI-GANG INFORMATION RESOURCES DRAFT 1992 FINAL REPORT G. David Curry, Robert J. Fox, Richard A. Ball, and Darryl Stone Department of Sociology & Anthropology West Virginia University * Funding for this research was provided by Cooperative Agreement Number 91-IJ-CX- KOO3 from the National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice. Points of view or opinions in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. We wish to thank Mary Jo Ullom, William Mase, Michael Proffitt, and Lorrie Hardy for their assistance in gathering and preparing these data. Valuable comments were provided on earlier drafts by Winnie Reed, Craig Uchida, Joan McCord, and Richard Block. I I I I I I I 147399 U.S. Department of JLlstice I National Institute of Justice This document has been reproduced exactly as received from the person or organization originating it. Points of view or opinions stated in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent I the official position or policies of the National Institute of Justice. Permission to reproduce this u:Si'}IrtI<.. material has been gra~11fhic Domain/NIJ I U.S. Department of Justice to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). Further reproduction outside of the NCJRS system requires permission of the ~ owner.