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International Review of the Red Cross, Revue Internationale De La Mission Mission de la Revue internationale ofthe International Review de la Croix-Rouge of the Red Cross La Revue internationale de la Croix-Rouge est un The International Review of the Red Cross is a periodique publie par Ie Comite international de periodical published by the International la Croix-Rouge (ClCR) qui entend favoriser la re­ Committee of the Red Cross (lCRe). Its aim is flexion sur la politique, I'action et Ie droit interna­ to promote reflection on humanitarian policy tional humanitaires et, en meme temps, renforcer and action and on international humanitarian Ie dialogue entre Ie ClCR et les autres institutions law, while at the same time strengthening the ou personnes interessees par I'humanitaire. dialogue between the ICRC and other organi­ • La Revue est au service de I'analyse, de zations and individuals concerned with hu­ la reflexion et du dialogue sur I'humanitaire en manitarian issues. temps de conflit arme et d'autres situations de • The Review is a forum for thought, anal· violence collective. Elle porte une attention par· ysis and dialogue on humanitarian issues in ticuliere 11 I'action humanitaire elle-meme, mais armed conflict and other situations of collective elle entend egalement contribuer 11 la connais· violence. While focusing particular attention on sance de son histoire, 11 I'analyse des causes et humanitarian action per se, it also strives to des caracteristiques des conflits - pour mieux spread knowledge of the history of such activo saisir les problemes humanitaires qui en decou· ity, to analyse the causes and characteristics of lent - et 11 la prevention de violations du droit in· conflicts - so as to give a clearer insight into the ternational humanitaire. La Revue entend sti· humanitarian problems they generate - and to muler un debat d'idees. contribute to the prevention of violations of in· • La Revue sert de publication specialisee ternational humanitarian law. The Review sur Ie droit international humanitaire, redigee 11 la wishes to encourage the exchange of ideas. fois pour un public academique et pour un public • The Review is a specialized journal on general. Elle cherche 11 promouvoir la connais­ international humanitarian law, intended for sance, I'examen critique et Ie developpement de both an academic and a more general reader· ce droit. Elle stimule Ie debat entre, notamment, ship. It endeavours to promote knowledge, Ie droit international humanitaire, Ie droit des critical analysis and development of the law. droils de I'homme et Ie droit des refugies. Its also fosters the debate on such matters as • La Revue est un vecteur de I'information, the relationship between international human· de la reflexion et du dialogue relatifs aux ques­ itarian law, human rights law and refugee law. tions interessant Ie Mouvement international • The Review is a vector for information, de la Croix· Rouge et du Croissant· Rouge et, en reflection and dialogue on questions pertain· particulier, 11 la doctrine et aux activites du ing to the International Red Cross and Red Comite international de la Croix·Rouge. Ainsi la Crescent Movement and, in particular, on the Revue entend·elle contribuer 11 promouvoir la policy and activities of the International Com­ cohesion au sein du Mouvement. mittee of the Red Cross. The Reviewthus seeks La Revue s'adresse 11 plusieurs publics 11 la to promote cohesion within the Movement. fois, notamment aux gouvernements, aux The Review is intended for a wide reader­ organisations internationales gouvernemen­ ship, including governments, international tales et non gouvernementales, aux Societes governmental and non-governmental organi­ nationales de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant­ zations, National Red Cross and Red Crescent Rouge, aux milieux academiques, aux medias Societies, academics, the media and all those et 11 toute personne specifiquement interessee interested by humanitarian issues. par les questions humanitaires. UJ C I..!J 0 SEPTEMBRE ::J ...., SEPTEMBER 0 U 2003 e:::: n:s VOLUME 85 I .. >< V) N' 851 - CIJ 0 ::s e:::: CT U .-...., ~ ...J -0 ~ UJ Q ....,.. UJ 0 ...J ... ~ -0 Z 0 ...CIJ I­ n:s ~ ...., Z e:::: c UJ n:s Revue fondee en 1869 I­ E Z ::s et publiee par Ie .c Comite international UJ ...., ::J n:s de la Croix-Rouge > .c Geneve UJ \CIJ e:::: c V) C Review founded in 1869 V) 0 and published by the 0 ...., e:::: u International Committee U < of the Red Cross .. Q ~ Geneva UJ U e:::: UJ -0 ::c c.. I- .. u.. 3: n:s 0 -I ~ .. UJ ....,CIJ > n:s UJ .c e:::: CIJ ...J C ~ c z n:s 0 ... I­ ....,n:s ~ Z c e:::: n:s UJ E I­ ::s Z ::c SEPTEMBRE SEPTEMBER 2003 VOLUME 85 N' 851 les victimes apres la guerre: action humanitaire, reparation et justice Victims after the war: humanitarian action, reparation and justice Editorial/Editorial Do wars ever end? The work of the International Committee of the Red Cross when the guns fall silent MARION HARROFF-TAVEL 497 Remedies for victims of violations of international humanitarian law liESBETH ZEGVELD Reparation for violations of international humanitarian law EMANUELA-CHIARA GILLARD 555 Humanitarian considerations in the work of the United Nations Compensation Commission FRED WOOLDRIDGE AND OLUFEMI ELIAS Amnesty for war crimes: Defining the limits of international recognition YASMIN NAQVI 459 Affaires courantes et commentaires Current issues and comments 627 Time limitation under the United States Alien Tort Claims Act J. ROMESH WEERAMANTRY 637 Reflections on humanitarianism: David Rieff's A Bed for the Night ANDRAS VAILIN La Croix-Rouge entre Geneve et Paris FRAN<;OIS BUGNION r 5 ¥ a Faits et documents Reports and documents "International Humanitarian Law and Other Legal Regimes: Interplay in Situations of Violence" Address by Jakob Kellenberger, President ofthe International Committee of the Red Cross International Institute of Humanitarian Law in co-operation with the International Committee of the Red Cross 27th Annual round table on current problems of international humanitarian law, San Remo, 4 September 2003 654 National implementation of international humanitarian law: Biannual update on national legislation and case law, January-June 2003 Policy on ICRC Cooperation with National Societies Doctrine relative ala cooperation entre le CICR et les Societes nationales 460 REVUE INTERNATIONALE DE LA CROiX-ROUGE Launch of an electronic Forum for national committees on international humanitarian law Ouverture d'un Forum electronique pour les Commissions nationales de droit international humanitaire 'ip io'!-"t.,i,S;',M£ II new i 't i + "" rl iJidbMH ¥¥$ • Livres et articles Books and articles Recentes acquisitions faites par le Centre d'information et de Documentation / Recent acquisitions of the Library & Research Service Un texte paraissant dans la Revue Texts published by the Review n'engage que son auteur. En pu­ reflect the views of the author bliant un article dans la Revue, ni alone and not necessarily those la redaction ni Ie ClCR ne pren­ of the ICRC or of the Review. nent position au sujet des opi­ Only texts bearing an [CRC nions exprimees par son auteur. signature may be ascribed to Seuls les textes signes par Ie ClCR the institution. peuvent lui etre attribues. Editorial La notion de «victimes de guerre» est polysemique. Elle peut s'entendre comme regroupant I'ensemble des personnes que Ie droit humanitaire cherche aproteger lors d'un con flit arme (international ou non international). On sait que, souvent, les affrontements armes touchent - directement ou indirectement - l'ensemble de la population du (ou des) pays en guerre, que toute personne peut etre atteinte dans son integrite physique ou men­ tale ou dans la jouissance de ses droits fondamentaux, peut souffrir moralement ou perdre ses biens. L'aide humanitaire apportee atoutes les victimes de guerre ainsi entendues vise a attenuer, dans la mesure du possible, les consequences nefastes des conflits. Les organi­ sations humanitaires a l'reuvre dans une situation de conflit suppleent souvent l'aide defaillante des parties et leur action doit en principe reposer sur les principes fondamen­ taux de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge: l'assistance humanitaire doit etre fournie aux victimes de maniere impartiale et non discriminatoire. A I'issue d'un conflit, l'action humanitaire devrait se conformer aux memes princi­ pes. Toutefois, dans la mesure oD les besoins urgents et immediats ne suffisent plus agui­ der l'action, Ie choix des beneficiaires ainsi que la duree et l'ampleur de l'action humani­ taire semblent autrement plus difficiles adeterminer. Le c/CR s'est pencM sur cette ques­ tion delicate et a tente d'apporter des reponses: Marion Harroff- Tavel dessine, dans son article sur l'action du c/CR dans les periodes de transition, les raisons de cette politique et les criteres d'action dont I'institution s'est do tee pour apprehender au mieux de telles situations. *** Cependant, en droit international, la notion de « victime »se definit normalement de maniere plus restrictive, car elle ne couvre que les personnes ayant subi un prejudice par suite d'un fait internationalement illicite. Acet egard, if convient de noter que Ie droit inter­ national humanitaire ne prevoit de reparation qu'en cas de violation de ses normes. Cette acception forme un cercle de «victimes» nettement plus etroit que pour les organisations humanitaires, puisqu'une personne tuee dans Ie respect du principe de proportionnalite (les fameux dommages collateraux) ne serait pas en ce sens une «victime», tan dis que son voisin, touche 100 metres plus loin par un bombardement aveugle, Ie serait et pourrait donc beneficier d'une reparation. Toutefois, meme au sein de ce cercle restreint de victi­ mes, la grande majorite n'obtient jamais la reparation alaquelle elles auraient droit. Des ouvertures se profilent toutefois al'horizon. L'article de Liesbeth Zegveld examine la question du droit areparation des victimes de violations du droit international humanitaire et analyse les moyens juridiques mis aleur disposition ainsi que la mesure - limitee - dans laquelle elles peuvent faire valoir ce droit.
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