Le Centenaire De Ferrari, Comme Un Goût De Malaise

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Le Centenaire De Ferrari, Comme Un Goût De Malaise Philippe Kaminski Le centenaire de Ferrari, comme un goût de malaise 08-12-2017 1 / 3 Si vous n'êtes pas féru de philatélie, rassurez-vous, cet article est néanmoins fait pour vous. Mais allez donc au préalable sur Wikipédia pour vous informer a minima sur la vie de Philippe de Ferrari, autrement nommé Philipp von Ferrary de la Renotière, que je ne présenterai donc pas davantage. Et en passant, allez donc également vous renseigner sur son père, Raffaele de Ferrari, duc de Galliera, ancien propriétaire et occupant de ce qui est aujourd'hui l'hôtel Matignon. Cet homme, l'un des plus riches de son temps, magnat des chemins de fer, fut l'associé des frères Péreire dans diverses affaires ; aussi, il ne m'étonnerait pas qu'il fût saint-simonien, mais je n'en sais pas davantage à l'heure actuelle. Peut-être, avec votre aide, aurons-nous de quoi enrichir sa notice Wikipédia ? Mais ce n'est qu'au sujet de son fils Philippe, sinon unique du moins seul descendant survivant, que je veux consacrer ces quelques lignes. On vient de célébrer avec faste, à Monaco, le centenaire de sa mort. Et les éloges qu'il reçut à cette occasion m'ont mis assez mal à l'aise. Nul doute que ce personnage était doté d'une grande intelligence et d'un goût prononcé pour l'érudition et la recherche. Il possédait en outre un "flair" remarquable, qu'il n'utilisa pas pour jouer en Bourse, ou pour devenir un grand capitaine d'industrie comme son père, mais pour amasser des collections de timbres et de monnaies qui n'ont jamais été égalées depuis, et qui ne le seront certainement jamais. De nos jours, les objets dont on peut prouver qu'ils ont appartenu à Ferrari bénéficient de ce fait, dans les ventes, d'une plus value importante. Ferrari souffrait d'une santé fragile, mais sa santé psychologique était plus fragile encore. Comme ses biographies sont très discrètes là-dessus, on ne peut que les lire entre les lignes. Il semble qu'il se soit très vite rebellé contre son père, et ce sentiment ne fit que s'accroître jusqu'à se transformer en une haine farouche. Devenu professeur de lettres classiques, il abandonna ce métier au bout de quelques années ; sans doute son homosexualité y était-elle pour quelque chose, mais, de toutes façons, il n'avait pas besoin de travailler pour vivre. Bien qu'ayant conservé sa résidence au Palais Galliera (l'actuel Hôtel Matignon), et que le curateur de ses collections aît été un négociant parisien, il séjourna beaucoup à l'étranger, avec une préférence pour l'Allemagne et l'Autriche. De fait, il assimilait Paris, la France et la langue française à son père, et leur préférait l'Allemagne, la puissance victorieuse qui avait mis fin au Second Empire. C'est à un haut dignitaire autrichien qu'il demandera de devenir son père adoptif, ainsi que celui de son amant ; ceci lui permit de changer de nom, devenant "von Ferrary (sic) de la Renotière", et de vivre en couple au grand jour (puisque c'était avec son frère). On peut difficilement imaginer plus total "divorce" d'avec son véritable père. On ignore (ou on n'a pas cherché à connaître) les sentiments qui furent les siens en 1870 ; il avait alors vingt ans, et rien d'irréversible n'avait encore marqué son existence. J'ai lu qu'il aurait éprouvé quelque sympathie pour la Commune, mais comme il ne fut en rien inquiété, il ne s'agissait peut-être que d'une broderie sans conséquence comme les historiens amateurs en parsèment leurs ouvrages. De même, on ne sait apparemment rien de ses positions lors de l'affaire Dreyfus. 2 / 3 Le dernier et monumental ouvrage qui lui est consacré est l'œuvre d'un Allemand, et son titre présente Ferrari comme un homme "plein de secrets, philatéliste, philanthrope et cosmopolite". De fait, seul le second terme y est décrit, dans le plus grand détail, chronologique comme géographique. Ferrari visitait les marchands de timbres de l'Europe entière, et il était réputé pour payer généreusement. Cosmopolite, il l'était assurément, à la manière de son contemporain Pierre de Coubertin, qui revendiquait ce terme ; mais il ne l'était sans doute pas que pour les besoins de sa passion de collectionneur. S'il avait rompu avec son père et l'entourage de celui-ci, il restait le protégé de sa mère dont la famille avait des connexions dans toutes les cours princières. De même il semble avoir longtemps conservé des relations avec la famille d'Orléans (son parrain n'était autre que le roi Louis-Philippe, parti en exil à Claremont House après son abdication). Quant à sa qualité de philanthrope, elle semble n'être là que pour équilibrer le titre du livre. À moins que... Oui, à moins que Ferrai n'ait pas été que le personnage proustien qu'on nous décrit. Comment, en effet, penser qu'un homme aussi immensément riche, voyageant sans cesse, affirmant partout son dégoût de la France et son amour pour l'Allemagne, menant une vie privée telle que les moyens de le faire chanter ne manquaient pas, qui plus est mondain, influençable et manipulable, n'ait pas constitué un gibier idéal pour les services d'espionnage du Kaiser ? Je ne fais là-dessus qu'une réserve : Ferrari n'avait pas la solidité mentale nécessaire pour être jugé fiable par ses employeurs, et sans doute les services français savaient-ils tout à son sujet. Et peut-être a-t-il été utilisé, à son insu, pour propager de fausses nouvelles de l'autre coté du Rhin. En tous cas, dès la guerre déclarée en 1914, il prend publiquement le parti de l'Allemagne et quitte la France. Mais il a laissé ses collections à Paris. Il meurt à Lausanne en 1917 après les avoir léguées, par testament, au musée de Berlin. Les autorités françaises ne l'entendent bien entendu pas de cette oreille ; les collections sont saisies, puis vendues après la victoire au titre des dommages de guerre. Les 14 vacations de la "vente Ferrari", qui s'étagèrent à Paris du 23 juin 1921 au 26 novembre 1925, virent affluer les collectionneurs du monde entier et donnèrent lieu à la plus extraordinaire dispersion de trésors philatéliques que le monde ait jamais connu. Parallèlement, la collection de monnaies fut partagée pour être vendue à Paris, Londres et Amsterdam ; quant à l'hôtel Matignon, devenu entre temps l'ambassade d'Autriche et donc mis sous séquestre pendant la guerre, il fut racheté en 1922 (et ce n'est qu'à partir de 1935 qu'il abritera la Présidence du Conseil). Indiscutablement, la collection Ferrari, avec toute la documentation historique et technique dont son propriétaire a pu l'enrichir en plus de trente ans d'études minutieuses, constitue un monument de l'histoire humaine et une référence incontournable pour tout collectionneur d'aujourd'hui. Mais non moins incontestablement, Ferrari était un personnage douteux, et du point de vue français, un traître pur et simple, ne méritant aucune indulgence. Et ce n'est pas avec un grand plaisir que j'ai vu fleurir son portrait à Monaco. 3 / 3 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org).
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