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The State Awards of Ukraine: Diplomatic Dimension (The Nature and Content, Main Categories, Concepts, Methodology and Principles of Reward System)

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The State Awards of Ukraine: Diplomatic Dimension (The Nature and Content, Main Categories, Concepts, Methodology and Principles of Reward System) UDC: [930.2+94](477) Voronin Viktor Mykolaiovych, Doctor of Historical science, Director of the Center of organization of the Research, In- terregional Academy of Personnel Manage- ment, 03039, Kyiv, st. Frometivska, 2, tel.: (044) 490 95 00, e-mail: [email protected] ORCID: 0000–0002–1467–9865 Воронін Віктор Миколайович, доктор історичних наук, директор Цен- тру організації наукової роботи, Міжре- гіональна Академія управління персона- лом, 03039, м. Київ, вул. Фрометівсь ка, 2, тел.: (044) 490 95 00, e-mail: m.a.u.p@ ukr.net ORCID: 0000–0002–1467–9865 Воронин Виктор Николаевич, доктор исторических наук, директор Центра организации научной работы, Межрегиональная Академия управле- ния персоналом, 03039, г. Киев, ул. Фрометовская, 2, тел.: (044) 490 95 00, e-mail: [email protected] ORCID: 0000–0002–1467–9865 THE STATE AWARDS OF UKRAINE: DIPLOMATIC DIMENSION (THE NATURE AND CONTENT, MAIN CATEGORIES, CONCEPTS, METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPLES OF REWARD SYSTEM) Abstract. The article deals with the consideration and analysis of the na- ture, content of the system of awards as an important component of diplo- matic activity that contributes to the solving of important problems of fo- reign policy. Special attention is given to the historical retrospective of the formation of reward system that allows, in some way, to understand the ways of development of state and society, their interaction and mutual influence, more systematic grasp complex processes that occurred during the historical development. Keywords: system of awards, diplomatic dimension, political culture, system of departmental awards. 29 ДЕРЖАВНІ НАГОРОДИ України: дипломатичний ВИМІР (СУТНІСТЬ І ЗМІСТ, ОСНОВНІ категорії, ПОНЯТТЯ, МЕТОДОЛОГІЯ та ПРИНЦИПИ НАГОРОДНОЇ СИСТЕМИ) Анотація. У статті розглядається та аналізується сутність, зміст нагород- ної системи як важливої складової дипломатичної діяльності, що сприяє вирішенню важливих завдань зовнішньої політики держави. Окремої уваги надається історичній ретроспективі формування нагородної системи, що дає можливість певним чином зрозуміти шляхи розвитку держави і суспільства, їх взаємодію і взаємовплив, системніше осягнути складні процеси, що від- бувалися протягом історичного поступу. Ключові слова: нагородна система, дипломатичний вимір, політична культура суспільства, система відомчих нагород. ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЕ НАГРАДЫ УКРАИНЫ: ДИПЛОМАТИЧЕСКОЕ ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ (СУЩНОСТЬ И СОДЕРЖАНИЕ, ОСНОВНЫЕ КАТЕГОРИИ, ПОНЯТИЕ, МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ И ПРИНЦИПЫ наградной СИСТЕМЫ) Аннотация. В статье рассмотривается и анализируется сущность, со- держание наградной системы как важной составляющей дипломатической деятельности, что способствует решению важных задач внешней полити- ки государства. Отдельное внимание уделено исторической ретроспективе формирования наградной системы, позволяющей, определенным образом, понять пути развития государства и общества, их взаимодействие и взаимо- влияние, системно понять сложные процессы, которые происходили в тече- ние исторического развития. Ключевые слова: наградная система, дипломатическое измерение, поли- тическая культура общества, система ведомственных наград. Target setting. Reward system with propriate detailed proposals, especially its diversity is one of the essential at- important is the question of histori- tributes of statehood, about which cal retrospective of award system, in clearly shows the history of human its various forms, covering the entire civilization. About this rightly said a spectrum of human activity — military, famous Russian explorer of the history civilian merit, etc. of award of Southeast Asia A. M. Ro- Analysis of recent research and zanov: “Effective functioning system of publications. Systematization of the awards is an integral component of the key aspects of reward system, as an im- modern state, that successfully deve- portant component of diplomatic ac- loped” [1, Р.19]. tivity, reflected in the works: A. Roza- However, despite on the constant nov [1] A. Diomin [2], B. Burkova [3] and sufficiently systematic work in this D. Tabachnik [4] J. Galic [5] and other direction, and the development of ap- domestic and foreign researchers. 30 The purpose of the article. The (monetary payments, trophies, valu- purpose of the study is to examine the able gifts and honorary weapon) a spe- award system as an important compo- cific type of rewarding for military ser- nent of diplomatic activity that con- vices was introduced — the so- called tributes to the solving of the important dona militaria. In the history of civili- problems of foreign policy. zation it became the first state award in The statement of basic materials. its modern sense, when the priority is The famous philosopher A. L. Diomin given exactly to moral incentives. who studied the impact of award sys- At that it is important to empha- tems on the political culture of the size that a self-sufficient award system society mentioned on this occasion: originates from ancient Rome. Dona “State attributes by which the state militaria was divided into the fol- is assessed and impressed include the lowing types: coronae (honorary gar- parliament, the armed forces, the em- lands), vexilla (decoration pennants), blem, the flag, the anthem and also the hasta pura (award spears), torques and award system” [2, Р. 12]. armillae (honorary necklaces), pha- The value of honors to the society lerae (honorary medals) [3, Р. 27–30]. is reflected even in ancient legends. Based on the archeological research For example, according to the ancient fact that phalerae (actual analog of Greeks’ legend, it was believed that medals in the modern award system) Hercules received a wild olive wreath were of various degrees — gold, sil- for the win in the Olympic Games. ver and bronze with various images Ancient Rome created sufficiently on them, the award system in ancient detailed award system accordingly ex- Rome bears record to clear reasoning plained primarily by its statehood with and sophistication of its hierarchical all its attributes (including state re- structure. wards), which later became an integral It may be acknowledged that break- part of human civilization. down into award types and classes (now Formerly the awards in all an- simplified) originate from the ancient cient states were mostly in the form Rome times (except for some specific of diverse material values, with few types of awards, including decorations exceptions, in particular, the above- in the Soviet award tradition). They mentioned Olympic medals. For the may be divided into orders, medals and first time in the human development honorary weapon (both cold steel arms history the awards in Rome had the and firearms). Such awards as vexilla form that reached our time. At that should be mentioned separately. For time the main form of incentives was the first time in ancient Rome a collec- not material but primarily moral bonus tive rather than an individual award manifested as the major principle for all was introduced, this being a significant award systems in various historical pe- and fundamental step to the award sys- riods and world regions. tem development [3, Р. 29]. As early as the days of the Repub- There were other fundamentally lic in ancient Rome, alongside with the important innovations to form the usual forms of incentives for the troops modern award tradition, primarily the 31 European one. It is important to note are an important dimension of the his- that centurions and simple legion- torical and state-building way covered naires were awarded Roman decora- by the country. They are the unique tions. In addition, for the first time in memory milestones to read the indi- history the award recipients began to vidual’s biography as well as the whole wear insignias/merit badges. country’s one. Behind the decoration The Roman system became the base exterior and brief language of its sym- for further development of the Euro- bolism one can see the joy of victory, pean award system, which was par- the pain of defeat, and the hope for bet- ticularly actively developed at the Re- ter fate” [4, Р. 29]. naissance times. However, in medieval Indeed, there is no developed coun- times when the achievements of antiq- try that would not have its own so- uity were hardly taken into account in phisticated award system, although most areas of life, the award protosys- sometimes they differ in manner. For tems existed even in Kievan Rus. example, Switzerland has no state It is necessary to emphasize that in awards; it is officially considered that all ages — from ancient Rome to the this “violates the equality of citizens”. present times the award systems in However, it would be a mistake to be- different countries were an extremely lieve that this country, one of the most important part of the statehood, a tool developed in the world, has no own of its creation and state management award system. Its role is successfully in the broad sense of this definition. implemented in the deployed system As was correctly stated in one of the of departmental awards, which replace first studies on the history of the na- the state honors acceptable for the rest tional award system entitled “Awards of the world. of Ukraine. History, facts and docu- Even the emerging countries cre- ments” published back in 1996, “... in ated the award system extremely fast, the modern Ukrainian society the view because it was considered quite right- is embedded on the awards as an im- fully an integral component of the portant and final attribute of the state, statehood. Significantly, it refers not one of the most important
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