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Oral Anticoagulants

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Apixaban (Eliquis®) Drug Interactions: b. Parenteral anticoagulants: enoxaparin, fondaparinux, and subcutaneous heparin. General recom- Strong Dual Inhibitors of CYP3A4 and P-gp: ketoconazole, itraconazole, ritonavir, clarithromycin mendation is to begin LMWH or UFH with warfarin until INR is clinically appropriate. FDA-Labeled Indication: Non-valvular atrial fibrillation–thromboembolic prophylaxis and treatment Strong Dual Inducers of CYP3A4 and P-gp: rifampin, phenytoin, carbamazepine, St. John’s Wort c. Enoxaparin, fondaparinux, subcutaneous heparin, rivaroxaban, and dabigatran. Apixaban Dosing Hold before surgery: Indication Dosing Condition Dose Procedures with moderate/high risk of bleeding: 48 hours Procedures with low risk of bleeding: 24 hours Holding Anticoagulants and Antiplatelets Before Surgery Non-valvular A-Fib Any 2 of the No drug interactions 2.5 mg PO BID Medication How long to hold before surgery following: Spinal/Epidural Anesthesia or Puncture: ESRD on hemodialysis 2.5 mg PO BID Age ≥80 years Indwelling epidural or intrathecal catheters should not be removed earlier than 24 hours after last warfarin (Coumadin®) 4-5 days administration of apixaban. The next dose of apixaban should not be administered earlier than 5 hours Direct Oral Body weight Drug interactions: Avoid use after the removal of the catheter. If traumatic puncture occurs, delay the administration of apixaban for CrCl ≥ 50 mL/min: 1-2 days ≤60 kg CYP3A4 and P-gp inhibi- 48 hours. CrCl < 50 mL/min: 3-5 days Serum creatinine tors: see interactions dabigatran (Pradaxa®) Consider longer time for major surgery, spinal puncture, or place- ≥1.5 mg/dL below Monitoring: ment of spinal/epidural catheter or port Monitor for signs of bleeding. Normal dosing 5 mg PO BID Anticoagulants Anticoagulants rivaroxaban (Xarelto®) 24 hours Administration: Patients with ESRD on hemodialysis who do 5 mg PO BID Give with or without food. Procedures with high risk of bleeding: 48 hours not fit above criteria apixaban (Eliquis®) Enteral tubes: may give via nasogastric tube by crushing and suspending tablet in 60 ml of 5% dextrose Procedures with low risk of bleeding: 24 hours Drug interactions: CYP3A4 and P-gp inhibi- 2.5 mg PO BID solution; administer immediately. clopidogrel (Plavix®)a 5 days tors: ketoconazole, itraconazole, ritonavir, Missed Dose: clarithromycin Take dose as soon as possible on the same day as the missed dose. For BID dosing, if it is less than 6 prasugrel (Effient®)a 7 days hours until the next scheduled dose, skip dose and resume with next dose as scheduled. b DVT/PE Treatment Normal dosing 10 mg PO BID x 7 days, Antiplatelets ticagrelor (Brilinta®) 5 days followed by 5 mg PO BID x 6 months a. Bare metal stent placed within 6 weeks, or drug eluting stent within past 6 months: continue if pos- Transitioning to or from Apixaban sible. Drug interactions: CYP3A4 and P-gp inhibi- 5 mg PO BID x 7 days, Change Directions b. After 3 days of holding ticagrelor, platelet inhibition approximates platelet inhibition after holding tors followed by 2.5 mg PO clopidogrel for 5 days. Discontinue apixaban and start parenteral anticoagulant and warfa- BID x 6 months Apixaban to warfarina rin when the next apixaban dose would have been givenb Reversal of dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban: Post-op prophylaxis- Normal dosing 2.5 mg PO BID For more information, see policy: 15318 Reversal of Anticoagulants. Knee replacementa Warfarin to apixaban Discontinue warfarin, and initiate apixaban when INR < 2.0 and Hip replacementb Drug interactions: CYP3A4 and P-gp inhibi- Avoid use tors: ketoconazole, itraconazole, ritonavir, Apixaban to non-warfarin Discontinue apixaban and start non-warfarin anticoagulant at the Aspirus Wausau Hospital Pharmacy clarithromycin anticoagulantc next scheduled dose of apixaban Karen Klosinski, PharmD, 2/27/2013 Updated by: Caitlin Lemmer, PharmD, 3/17/16 a. Start at least 12-24 hrs after surgery and continue for 12 days. Non-warfarin anticoagulant to Discontinue non-warfarin anticoagulant and start apixaban at the b. Start at least 12-24 hrs after surgery and continue for 35 days. apixabanc next scheduled dose of non-warfarin anticoagulant Hepatic Adjustment: Heparin infusion to apixaban Discontinue infusion and start apixaban at the same time Moderate or Severe (Child-Pugh B or C), or any hepatic disease associated with coagulopathy: no dosing recommendations available and avoid use. a. Apixaban affects INR and measurements during co-administration with warfarin may not be useful to determine the appropriate warfarin dose. PHARM-135 05/31/16 Dabigatran (Pradaxa®) Hold before invasive or surgical procedures: a. Dabigatran can increase INR. INR will better reflect warfarin’s effect after dabigatran has been Monitoring: CrCl ≥ 50 mL/min: 1-2 days stopped for at least 2 days. During bleeds: PT and aPPT may be elevated in overdose. FDA Labeled Indication: Non-valvular atrial fibrillation– thromboembolic prophylaxis and treatment CrCl < 50 mL/min: 3-5 days b. Parenteral anticoagulants: enoxaparin, fondaparinux, subcutaneous heparin, and heparin infusion. Administration: Consider longer time for major surgery, spinal puncture, or placement of spinal/epidural catheter or port. Dabigatran Dosing Give 15 mg and 20 mg tablet with food. The 10 mg tablets may be given with or without food. CrCl Monitoring: Rivaroxaban (Xarelto®) Enteral tubes: May crush tablets, suspend in 50 mLs of water (stable x 4 hours), and give via enteral Indication Drug Interactions Dose (mL/min) Monitoring during bleeds: FDA Label Indications: See Dosing Table tubes that end in the stomach. Do not give via enteral tubes that end in the small intestine. Thrombin Time: normal level excludes the presence of dabigatran. Less useful in overdose; thrombin time Missed Dose: > 30 None 150 mg PO BID is elevated in the presence of drug but is not sensitive to the degree of anticoagulation. Rivaroxaban Dosing 15 mg BID dose: take immediately to ensure intake of 30 mg per day. In this case, two 15 mg tablets P-gp inhibitor: ketoconazole, itracon- Administration: Indication Dose Dose Adjustment can be taken together. Resume 15 mg dosing BID the following day. 30-50 azole, dronedarone, quinidine 75 mg PO BID Give with or without food. Non-valvular atrial CrCl 15-50 mL/min: 15 mg daily Once daily dosing: take missed dose immediately. Swallow whole. Do no crush, chew or empty contents of capsule. 20 mg PO daily with evening meal Non-valvular 15-30 None 75 mg PO BID fibrillation CrCl <15 mL/min: avoid use A-Fib Missed Dose: 15 mg PO BID X 21 days; then 20 Transitioning to or from Rivaroxaban P-gp inhibitor: ketoconazole, itracon- Take dose as soon as possible on the same day as the missed dose. If it is less than 6 hours until the < 30 Avoid co-administration Treatment of DVT or PE mg PO daily thereafter. Taken with CrCl <30 mL/min: avoid use azole, dronedarone, quinidine next scheduled dose, skip dose and resume with next dose as scheduled. Change Directions food. < 15 or Dosing recommendations None a Discontinue rivaroxaban and start parenteral anticoagulant and Transitioning to or from Dabigatran 10 mg PO daily. Start at least 6-10 Rivaroxaban to warfarin b dialysis not provided Knee replacement – warfarin when the next rivaroxaban dose would have been given hrs after surgery and continue for 12 CrCl <30 mL/min: avoid use post-op DVT prophylaxis > 30 None 150 mg PO BID Change Directions days without regard to food Warfarin to rivaroxaban Discontinue warfarin, initiate rivaroxaban when INR < 3.0 Treatment of Start warfarin 3 days before discontinuing a P-gp inhibitor: ketoconazole, itracon- 10 mg PO daily. Start at least 6-10 Rivaroxaban to rapid onset Discontinue rivaroxaban and start first dose of other anticoagulant DVT/PE and < 50 Avoid co-administration CrCl ≥50 mL/min Hip replacement – azole, dronedarone, quinidine dabigatran hrs after surgery and continue for 35 CrCl <30 mL/min: avoid use anticoagulantc when next rivaroxaban dose would have been given recurrent post-op DVT prophylaxis DVT/PE ≤ 30 or Dosing recommendations Start warfarin 2 days before discontinuing days without regard to food None CrCl 30-50 mL/min Non-warfarin anticoagulant to Start rivaroxaban 0-2 hrs before next scheduled PM dose and omit dialysis not provided dabigatran DVT/PE prophylaxis for rivaroxabanc administration of the other anticoagulant Dabigatran to warfarina 20 mg PO daily x 6-12 months CrCl <30 mL/min: avoid use 110 mg on Day 1, then 220 Start warfarin 1 day before discontinuing risk of recurrent DVT/PE > 30 None CrCl 15-30 mL/min Heparin infusion to rivaroxaban Discontinue infusion and start rivaroxaban at the same time mg x 28-35 days thereafter dabigatran Note: discontinue in acute renal failure DVT/PE a. Rivaroxaban affects INR. INR measurements during coadministration with warfarin may not be useful P-gp inhibitor: ketoconazole, itracon- CrCl <15 mL/min No recommendations can be made prophylaxis- < 50 Avoid co-administration Hepatic Adjustment: to determine the appropriate warfarin dose. azole, dronedarone, quinidine Moderate or Severe (Child-Pugh B or C), or any hepatic disease associated with coagulopathy: avoid use. b. Parenteral anticoagulants: enoxaparin, fondaparinux, and subcutaneous heparin. General recom- THRb Warfarin to dabigatran Discontinue warfarin and start dabigatran when INR is below 2.0 mendation is to begin LMWH or UFH with warfarin until INR is clinically appropriate. ≤ 30 or Dosing recommendations Drug interactions: None Wait 12 hrs after last dose of dabigatran c. Enoxaparin, fondaparinux, subcutaneous heparin, apixaban, and dabigatran. dialysis not provided CrCl ≥30 mL/min Avoid use with combined P-gp and strong CYP3A4 inhibitors such as ketoconazole, itraconazole, ritonavir. before starting Dabigatran to parenteral Avoid use with combined P-gp and strong CYP3A4 inducers such as carbamazepine, phenytoin, rifampin, a. After treatment with parenteral therapy for 5-10 days. b anticoagulant Wait 24 hrs after last dose of dabigatran and St.
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