Five years of AHA Centre: Experiences, Challenges and Future Outlook of Disaster Management in the ASEAN

Malyn Tumonong Senior Disaster Monitoring & Analysis Officer, AHA Centre United Nations/India Workshop on the Use of Earth Observation Data in Disaster Management and Risk Reduction: Sharing the Asian Experience 8-10 March 2016 Hyderabad, India 1 BACKGROUND

OUTLINE 2 EXPERIENCES

3 CHALLENGES

4 FUTURE OUTLOOK

One ASEAN, One Response BACKGROUND

One ASEAN, One Response The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) consists of 10 countries with 600 million people. Every year, on average, the ASEAN region experiences losses related to natural disasters estimated at US$ 4.4 billion*

59,534,300 people 676,577km2 5,922,100 people 236,800km2 92,226,600 people LAO PDR 300,000 km2 66,903,000 people 86,024,600 people 513,120km2 331,051km2

14,957,800 people 406,200 people 181,035km2 28,3006,700 people 5.765km2 330,252km2 4,987,600 people 710km2

231,369,500 people 1,860,360km2

* Source: Advancing Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance in ASEAN Countries, World Bank, GFDRR, ASEAN , and UNISDR

Connecting ASEAN for Disaster Readiness One ASEAN One Response The turning points…..

Providing the momentum for the development of an ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response (AADMER)

2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami

Testing ASEAN’s solidarity and relevance as a regional grouping 2008 Cyclone Nargis

One ASEAN, One Response To have a more united and coordinated responses toward disaster within the region , ASEAN Foreign Ministers signed AADMER on 26 July 2005

Signed in July 2005, ratified by all ten countries in ASEAN, entered into force on 24 December 2009

Objective: Reduce disaster losses in ASEAN region, and jointly respond to disaster emergencies

A legal framework for all ASEAN Member States and serves as a common platform in responding to disasters within ASEAN

ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance (AHA Centre) as the operational coordination body and engine of AADMER

One ASEAN, One Response AADMER is a comprehensive agreement that covers various aspects of Disaster Management

Disaster Risk Identification, Assessment & Monitoring

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

Disaster Preparedness

Emergency Response

Rehabilitation

Technical Cooperation & Scientific Research

AHA Centre

One ASEAN, One Response At the 19th of ASEAN Summit, witnessed by ASEAN Heads of States, the agreement on the establishment of AHA Centre was signed by the ASEAN Foreign Ministers on 17 November 2011 in Bali Indonesia

One ASEAN One Response The ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management (ACDM) is the founding fathers of the AHA Centre and serves as the Governing Board of the AHA Centre

BRUNEI DARUSSALAM MYANMAR National Disaster Management Centre Relief And Resettlement Department

CAMBODIA PHILIPPINES National Committee for Disaster National Disaster Risk Reduction And Management Management Council And Administrator

INDONESIA SINGAPORE National Disaster Management Agency Singapore Civil Defense Force

LAO PDR THAILAND National Disaster Management Department of Disaster Prevention Office Department Of Social Welfare and Mitigation

MALAYSIA VIET NAM National Security Council Department of Natural Disaster Prevention and Control (DNDPC)

The ASEAN SECRETARIAT as the Secretariat to the ACDM and ex-oficio member of the Governing Board of the AHA Centre

One ASEAN One Response The AHA Centre established as a separate entity from the ASEAN Secretariat, both organisations work closely together

Conference of Parties Secretary-General of of AADMER ASEAN as Humanitarian Assistance Coordinator Governing Board (ACDM)

Consultant, Advisor, Executive Director Technical Assistant

Head of Head of Operations Division Corporate & Programme

Information, Disaster Preparedness Administration Communication Programme Monitoring & & Response and Finance & Technology Officer(s) Analysis

One ASEAN One Response To operationalize AADMEER, ASEAN also established ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance on disaster management (AHA Centre)

The AHA Centre shall be established for the purpose of facilitating co-operation and co- ordination among the parties, and with relevant United Nations and international organisations, in promoting regional collaboration (AADMER article 20.1 and Agreement on the establishment of AHA Centre Article 3.1)

The AHA Centre shall work on the basis that the Party will act first to manage and respond to disasters. In the event that the Party requires assistance to cope with such situation, in addition to direct request to any Assisting Entity, it may seek assistance from the AHA Centre to facilitate such request (AADMER article 20.2 Agreement on the establishment of AHA Centre Article 3.2)

One ASEAN One Response AADMER also requires the development of an effective Standard Operating Procedure for Regional Standby Arrangements and coordination of joint disaster relief and emergency response operation (SASOP)

Guides and templates to initiate the establishment of the ASEAN Standby Arrangements for Disaster Relief and Emergency Response

Procedures for joint disaster relief and emergency response operations

Procedures for the facilitation and utilisation of military and civilian assets and capacities,(personnel, transportation and communication equipment, facilities, good and services, and the facilitation of their trans-boundary movement)

Methodology for the periodic conduct of the ASEAN regional disaster emergency response simulation exercises (ARDEX) which shall test the effectiveness of this procedures

Connecting ASEAN for Disaster Readiness One ASEAN One Response And.. the AHA Centre is also tasked to perform most of the aspects under SASOP

NOTIFICATION OF DISASTER JOINT ASSESSMENT OF REQUIRED . The AHA Centre to analyse the initial report and notify other Party/Entity of the disaster ASSISTANCE . The AHA Centre to analyse each Siituation . The AHA Centre to facilitate mobilisation of Report and immediately notify the other party ERAT /entity of the significant developments (a) . The AHA Centre to receive updates on any periodically or (b) by 10:00 am (Jakarta time) plans and findings of joint assessment . The AHA Centre to receive copy of the REQUEST FOR ASSISTANCE Contractual Agreement for Assistance AHA • The AHA Centre to forward the request to other party/entity CENTRE MOBILISATION OF ASSETS AND CAPACITIES • The AHA Centre will explore other possible assistance A H A The AHA Centre to facilitate the processing of exemption for provision of assistance and CENTRE facilities , transit of personnel and equipment OFFER OF ASSISTANCE The AHA Centre to forward the offer to the DEMOBILISATION OF ASSISTANCE AND receiving Party REPORTING The AHA Centre to receive and update of this DISASTER SITUATION UPDATE development The AHA Centre to receive report within 24 The AHA Centre to be received within 2 weeks to 48 hours of arrival of assistance at of departure from the affected country disaster site

One ASEAN One Response Currently AHA Centre is focusing only on natural disaster with two main areas 1

DISASTER MONITORING

2

PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE

One ASEAN One Response The AHA Centre provides common platform for information exchanges among ASEAN Member States and Partners

Common Operating Platforms Information Products

One ASEAN One Response To support the affected country in the initial phases of a disaster emergency, ASEAN established the ASEAN-Emergency Response and Assessment Team (ASEAN-ERAT) DUTY STATION

OBJECTIVES :

1. Conduct rapid assessments 2. Coordinate with the AHA Centre for the mobilization, response and deployment of regional disaster management assets INSTITUTION 3. Facilitate incoming relief assistance from ASEAN Member State

A ten-day of 100 hours training on various aspects of 118 Members trained from 10 ASEAN Emergency response mirroring approximate reality Member States and 4 ASEAN ERAT with combination of class room and field exercise Induction course conducted

One ASEAN One Response As of October 2015, ASEAN-ERAT has been deployed to 16 emergency response missions in 7 countries involving a total of 75 ASEAN-ERAT members

One ASEAN One Response The deployment of ASEAN-ERAT Member from APG (Plan International) and Indonesian Red Cross during flooding in Myanmar 2015

One ASEAN One Response DISASTER EMERGENCY LOGISTIC SYSTEM ASEAN, SUBANG - MALAYSIA

ASEAN Stockpile in UNHRD Warehouse Mobile Storage Unit (MSU)

Generators Family Tent

One ASEAN One Response ASEAN Regional Disaster Emergency Response Simulation Exercise (ARDEX)

ARDEX Moving forward….

. AHA Centre co-organized the ARDEX-13 with the Viet Nam Government – Previous to this, ARDEX was held in 2008, Thailand . AHA Centre set up the ASEAN Coordinating Centre, represented at the Multi-national Command Centre and performed the task as Deputy Chief Referee . The first ASEAN ERAT Refresher Course is conducted coincide with ARDEX

One ASEAN One Response One of the signature initiatives of AHA Centre is to conduct AHA Centre Executive (ACE) Programme to prepare the future leaders of disaster management in ASEAN

PROGRAMME HIGHLIGTS 1. Working at AHA Centre 2. Specialised Training and Skills Enhancement 3. Leaders Talk 4. On the Ground Deployment During Disaster Situation 5. Study Visit to Japan 6. Developing Regional Networks 7. Special Project Assignments 8. Understanding How International Humanitarian System Works 9. Learning from Each Other 10. Writing Vision and strategy on Disaster Management

One ASEAN One Response ACE Programme has been conducted in 2 batches with 29 graduates from 8 National Disaster Management Office of ASEAN Member States

Cambodia Indonesia

Graduation of 1st batch of ACE Programme 2014 Lao PDR Malaysia

Graduation of 2nd batch of ACE Programme 2015

Myanmar Philippines

Thailand Viet Nam

One ASEAN One Response EXPERIENCES

One ASEAN, One Response Since its establishment .. the AHA Centre has responded to 13 disasters in the ASEAN region 1. Thabaitkkyin Earthquake, Myanmar, November 2012 2. Typhoon Bopha Philippines, December, 2012 3. Jakarta Flood, Indonesia, January, 2013 4. Aceh Earthquake, Indonesia, July 2013 5. Flood in Lao, Lao PDR, August 2013 6. Tropical Storm Maring, Philippines, August, 2013 7. Bohol Earthquake, Philippines, October, 2013 8. Typhoon Haiyan, Philippines, December, 2013 9. Typhoon Rammasun, Philippines, July, 2014 10.Typhoon Hagupit, Philippines, December, 2014 11.Malaysia Flood, Malaysia, January, 2015 12.Myanmar Flood, Myanmar, August 2015 13.Typhoon Koppu, Philippines, October 2015 +3 emergency preparedness missions to Tropical Cyclone Mahasen in Myanmar on May 2013 , Flood in Cambodia on October 2013 and Typhoon Rammasun in Viet Nam on July 2014

One ASEAN One Response ASEAN’S Response to Typhoon Haiyan, Philippines Disaster Monitoring and Response System (DMRS) is a customised multi-hazard monitoring system which has built-in disaster-alert functions

Insert DMRS snapshot on the movement of Typhon One of the strongest typhoons ever recorded in the history made a landfall in Philippines on 8 Nov 2013 and caused massive destructions

Source: NDRRMC 29 January 2014 Infographic developed by Andrew Mardanugraha

One ASEAN, One Response Disaster Monitoring and Response System (DMRS) of the AHA Centre captured the movement of the typhoon on Monday, 4 November 2013

Typhoon Krosa

Typhoon Haiyan

Insert DMRS snapshot on the movementTyphoon of Typhon 30

One ASEAN, One Response Prior to the Typhon Haiyan first landfall in the Philippines, the AHA Centre has already conducted series of actions 4 days before

Disaster Monitoring and Response System (DMRS) of the AHA Centre captured the movement of the typhoon

Nov 4

One ASEAN, One Response Prior to the Typhon Haiyan first landfall in the Philippines, the AHA Centre has already conducted series of actions 3 days before

The typhoon is being monitored closely through DMRS, PAGASA, JTWC and news

Nov 5

www.ahacentre.org Information being disseminated through social media

One ASEAN, One Response Prior to the Typhon Haiyan first landfall in the Philippines, the AHA Centre has already conducted series of actions

2 days before EOC Level activated to Yellow alert

Flash Update no.1 issued to all of ASEAN National Disaster Management Office (NDMO)

Nov 6 ASEAN Emergency Rapid Assessment Team (ERAT) notified. Confirmation from Brunei ERAT Member ready to be deployed

One ASEAN, One Response At 0926 HRS, 6 November, AHA Centre conducted the Initial Response Strategy Meeting and offer of support was sent to the NDRRMC of the Philippines at 1020 HRS on the same day

One ASEAN, One Response Prior to the Typhon Haiyan first landfall in the Philippines, the AHA Centre has already conducted series of actions 1 day before AHA Centre team from Jakarta and ERAT from Brunei arrived and stand by in Manila One ERAT member (Emergency ICT specialist) deployed directly to Tacloban, to set up and test ICT equipment to support OCD Region 8

Coordination with NDRRMC of the Philippines conducted in Nov Manila 7

Flash update No.2 issued to ASEAN NDMOs Disaster Emergency Logistic System for ASEAN (DELSA) in Subang, Malaysia ready for deployment

One ASEAN, One Response On 7 November, one day before Typhoon Haiyan made a landfall in the Philippines, coordination with the NDRRMC established in Manila and Tacloban MANILA Field Team Leader of AHA Centre situated at Office of NDRRMC to: • Meet and coordinate with Head of NDRRMC to inform ASEAN’s support • Join NDRRMC’s preparedness meeting to monitor the development of the Typhoon Haiyan • Update AHA Centre EOC in Jakarta on the situation TACLOBAN ERAT (Emergency Communications Specialist) situated at Office of OCD Region 8 to: • Coordinate with OCD Region 8 on ASEAN’s support • Set up and test ICT Emergency communication • Attend preparedness meeting with OCD R-8 • Update the Team Leader in Manila and EOC Oneof AHA ASEAN, Centre One on Response the situation Personnel established • ASEAN ERAT (Emergency Com. Within TYPHOON 4 coordination with Specialist) member in Tacloban set LANDFALL NDRRMC in Manila 1 hour up Emergency communication equipment to open up communication between Office of Civil Defense Region 8 and the NDRRMC in Manila

Within • Live report from the field (Tacloban) personnel received at AHA Centre office in 1 in Tacloban hours6 Jakarta and disseminated to all ASEAN NDMOs through WEB EOC

Nov 8

• SASOP Form 2

Less than Situation update No. 24 1 issued by hours AHA Centre to all ASEAN NDMOs

One ASEAN, One Response Following the landfall, series of executive briefings were conducted by AHA Centre to Secretary General of ASEAN, Country Permanent Representatives of ASEAN, Defense Attaché from ASEAN Member States as well as Dialogue Partners

One ASEAN, One Response Setting up and testing of Emergency Utilisation of emergency telecommunication Telecommunication in Tacloban one day equipment by OCD region 8 within one hour before disaster after disaster

One ASEAN, One Response Within 48 hours after disaster, full team of ASEAN Emergency Response and Assessment Team (ERAT) arrived in Tacloban to join the initial ERAT Member deployed to Tacloban prior to the disaster

One ASEAN, One Response ..and establish coordination, conduct assessment and facilitate the arrival of incoming assistances from ASEAN Members States

One ASEAN, One Response In responding to the typhoon Haiyan, AHA Centre focuses on 4 main areas (mission 1 Managing Information objectives)

One ASEAN, One Response 2 Facilitating Assistance from ASEAN Member States

One ASEAN, One Response 3 Support NDMO of Affected Country

One ASEAN, One Response 4 Support to the affected people through the government

One ASEAN, One Response ASEAN also learned lessons from 2013 Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines which leads to the realisation of the concept of ONE ASEAN ONE RESPONSE

ASEAN Book on Lesson Learnt on the ASEAN’s Response to the Aftermath of Typhoon Haiyan At the relief stage • Enhancing ASEAN’s collective to disasters: The magnitude & complexity of the disaster required mobilisation of resources from all relevant sectors and mechanisms in ASEAN, including stronger civil-military coordination • Enhancing ASEAN’s coordination role: The capacity and mandate of SG-AHAC and AHA Centre should be further enhanced • Increasing ASEAN’s visibility: Increase the visibility and better communicating its response to the public and key stakeholders

One ASEAN One Response Solidarity Response to Jakarta Flood in January 2013

One ASEAN, One Response Solidarity Response to Jakarta flood in January 2013

In coordination with BNPB, Indonesia, AHA Centre provided mapping support to DKI Jakarta Provincial disaster management office This map shows logistical items distribution analysis at evacuation centres

This map shows rivers network system that runs through Jakarta, to include location of pumping station and retention basin in Jakarta

One ASEAN, One Response CHALLENGES

Focusing on the use of earth observation data

One ASEAN, One Response 1. Time Raw data  process  product : all these take time that is very limited during emergency response 2. Limited resources Not limited to hardware, software; expertise 3. Supply does not match the needs NDMOs  does not want/ need raw products; they need something that will meet their needs  information that will tell them about the situation at a glance, to make critical decisions 4. Jurisdiction One country’s space agency might already have an image, but the affected country’s own space agency might not want to use that/ is still working on their image

Bottomline: need streamlined coordination with remote sensing agencies

One ASEAN, One Response FUTURE OUTLOOK

One ASEAN, One Response In the long run.. more things need to be done and more cooperation and partnership will need to be established Institutional Set Up Institutional Strengthening Institutional Stability

Up to 2011-2012 2012 to 2015 and beyond

• Review performance, functions and operation • Set new vision for the • Capacity building for AHA Centre next level • Agreement signed • Strengthening connection with • Governing board is in place Member States • Agreed contribution • Establishing partnership with released and made similar regional organisation to available by Member States shorten learning curve to AHA Centre • Awareness building at regional • Staff of AHA Centre and international level recruited and in place • Continuous partnership with • Office and supporting donors and partners facilities are available • Testing procedures and improve • Work Plan,Procedures, accordingly Manuals, Guidelines are • Establish linkage with relevant available sectors in ASEAN One ASEAN, One Response . . . on the use of earth observation data • In 2014, the first of the series of workshops on the development of guidelines for requesting space based information during emergency

• Internationally we have the International Charter and Sentinel Asia, however, both mostly available during a large emergency therefore with UNSPIDER and UNESCAP we are trying to tap into other resources wherein during medium scale disaster, we can still request satellite imagery

• Last Dec 2015, the workshop finalised the guideline

One ASEAN, One Response Outcomes of that workshop:

• Participants (NDMOs/ RS,SAs) helped refine each step which UNESCAP will finalise. • From the discussions, UNOSAT has created a simple form from these procedural guidelines and was presented during a short simulation exercise. 100% participatory process • AHA Centre was best placed to coordinate this and take it forward in the future. host the online form as a consolidated tool for making EO support requests for all ASEAN countries.

One ASEAN, One Response • April 2016, last workshop of the series ‘Simulation exercise on the procedural guidelines for sharing space-based information during emergency response’ to exercise and drill on the procedural guidelines for sharing space-based information during emergency response. Moving forward: “ONE ASEAN ONE RESPONSE” towards ASEAN responding together as one, inside the region and outside the region

ASEAN X.0

Responding beyond the region ASEAN 3.0 AHA Centre to facilitate the ASEAN’s response outside the region Facilitating beyond AMS ASEAN 2.0 Establish and operationalise coordination mechanism with relevant mechanisms ASEAN responding as one ASEAN in ASEAN such as East Asia 1.0 Establish and Summit (EAS) to respond to operationalise coordination disasters in the ASEN region mechanism with military, Operationalisation CSO, private sector, Red Cross and others, to Set up and operationalise facilitate and coordinate AHA Centre the overall ASEAN’s response

2011-2014 2015-2020 and beyond

One ASEAN One Response THANK YOU