DOCSLIB.ORG

Late Quaternary History of Colluvial Deposition and Erosion in Hollows, Central California Coast Ranges

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Late Quaternary History of Colluvial Deposition and Erosion in Hollows, Central California Coast Ranges Late Quaternary history of colluvial deposition and erosion in hollows, central California Coast Ranges STEVEN L. RENEAU Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, M.S. D462, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 WILLIAM E. DIETRICH Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 DOUGLAS J. DONAHUE | National Science Foundation Regional Facility for Radioisotope Analysis, University of Arizona, Tucson, A. J. TIMOTHY JULL J Arizona 85721 MEYER RUBIN U.S. Geological Survey, National Center 971, Reston, Virginia 22092 ABSTRACT side slopes and noses where contours are straight workers have proposed that the deposition of and convex, respectively. The concave topog- coarse permeable debris in hollows leads to sta- Colluvial deposits in hollows are the pre- raphy forces colluvial debris to converge toward bility, and subsequent erosion of weathered bed- dominant source of debris flows in many the axes of hollows, resulting in long-term depo- rock on the adjoining side slopes and noses mountainous areas, and the depositional his- sition (for example, Dietrich and others, 1986; results in topographic inversion. This model has tory of hollows can provide insight into land- Reneau and others, 1989). Landslides in the col- been proposed for colluvial deposits in the Ap- slide frequency and long-term hillslope proc- luvial deposits are the primary source of debris palachian Mountains and in Texas (Bryan, esses. Detailed study of colluvial deposits in flows in many mountainous areas, and the initial 1940; Mills, 1981). 20 hollows in the northern San Francisco Bay landslides and subsequent erosion by debris These conceptual models are not mutually area, California, reveals diverse histories of flows supply much sediment to stream channels exclusive, and each may be partially correct in erosion and deposition. Basal radiocarbon (for example, Pierson, 1977; Dietrich and explaining the evolution of hollows in a region. ages range from 1 to 29 ka and document Dunne, 1978; Lehre, 1981,1982; Okunishi and Detailed knowledge of the depositional history deposition of colluvium throughout this pe- lida, 1981; Dietrich and others, 1982; Tsuka- of hollows and the processes active at these sites riod at different sites. Ages from multiple moto and others, 1982; Reneau and Dietrich, is essential to resolve the relative importance of stratigraphic levels confirm that the deposits 1987a, 1987b). The long-term history of deposi- the above models. are cumulative and have thickened through tion and erosion in hollows is thus needed to In this paper, previous research on the deposi- the Holocene. Radiocarbon dates and strati- evaluate debris-flow hazards and the flux of sed- tional history of hollows in the western United graphic observations document unconformi- iment to streams. States is reviewed, followed by the presentation ties in hollows, reflecting incomplete evacua- Conceptual models of the evolution of collu- of detailed stratigraphic observations and chron- tion of colluvium during both Pleistocene and vial deposits in hollows are varied and have led ologic data from hollows in part of the central Holocene events and providing evidence for a to differing interpretations of the geomorphic California Coast Ranges. The research presented cycle of alternating accumulation and evacua- significance of the deposits. Several workers herein expands the earlier work of Reneau and tion of colluvium. This cycle has apparently have proposed that colluvial deposits in hollows others (1986), incorporating a greatly enlarged been affected by major climatic changes, and owe their existence to climatic changes, with data set. In particular, radiocarbon dates from the common occurrence of basal ages at ca. 9 stream incision under one climatic regime re- multiple stratigraphic levels and from different to 14 ka may record widespread slope insta- placed by colluvial deposition following a major longitudinal positions in several colluvial depos- bility during the Pleistocene-Holocene transi- climate change. Cotton and TePunga (1955) its help document the depositional history of in- tion. By analogy with modern landsliding, the postulated that a change from warmer intergla- dividual hollows in greater detail than previous- increased erosion may have been caused by cial to colder periglacial conditions led to collu- ly possible. The dating constrains the timing of an increased frequency of high-intensity vial deposition in New Zealand hollows, and past erosional events and improves the under- storms during extended periods of meridional Schlocker (1974) and Shlemon and others standing of the late Quaternary history of hol- flow in the upper atmosphere. The acceler- (1987) proposed that a change from a wetter lows in central California and the effects of ated discharge of colluvium from hillslopes glacial to a drier interglacial climate led to depo- regional climatic changes on hillslope erosional may have contributed to stream aggradation sition in California hollows. An alternative view processes. in diverse parts of California. is that continued accumulation of colluvium in hollows inherently leads to instability, and hol- PREVIOUS RESEARCH ON INTRODUCTION lows are thus characterized by a cycle of alter- DEPOSITIONAL HISTORY nating storage and discharge of colluvium. A OF HOLLOWS Hollows are an important part of many cyclic model, independent of climatic changes, landscapes, playing a critical role in the flux of has been proposed for sites in coastal California, Knowledge of the depositional history of hol- debris from hillslopes to streams. As defined by Oregon, Washington (for example, Pierson, lows in western North America has developed Hack and Goodlett (1960) and Hack (1965), 1977; Dietrich and Dunne, 1978; Lehre, 1981, through studies in California, Oregon, and hollows are parts of hillslopes where contours 1982; Dietrich and others, 1982), and Japan Washington during the past 15 yr. Dietrich and are concave-out from the slope, contrasting with (Okunishi and lida, 1981). In other areas, some Dunne (1978) initially described colluvial de- Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 102, p. 969-982, 13 figs., 2 tables, July 1990. 969 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-pdf/102/7/969/3381052/i0016-7606-102-7-969.pdf by guest on 24 September 2021 970 RENEAU AND OTHERS posits in Oregon Coast Range hollows and residence time radiocarbon ages from buried that colluvial deposits in hollows are typically proposed that they were sites of episodic land- soils. Shlemon and others (1987) also proposed cumulative, thickening over time, and that the sliding, with the landslide scars filled with that the climatic change at the onset of the Hol- period of accumulation can exceed 10,000 yr. colluvium derived from the adjacent slopes. Ob- ocene led to initial accumulation of colluvium in This overlaps with the time scale of major cli- served textural variations included an increase in former Pleistocene stream channels. A similar matic change, and clusterings of basal radiocar- gravel content toward the base of the deposits, model had previously been advanced by bon dates suggest that climatic changes have and the basal gravels were interpreted as record- Schlocker (1974) for deposits on the Marin Pe- influenced the evacuation of colluvium from ing the winnowing of fine sediment by overland ninsula, immediately north of San Francisco. hollows in some regions. Relative dating criteria flow when the deposits were thin. Subsequently, Additional radiocarbon age determinations suggest that a wide range in age of colluvium Dietrich and others (1982) reported similar have been made from hollows in coastal Oregon may be present and that unconformities record- deposits on the Olympic Peninsula in Washing- and Washington. Benda and Dunne (1987) re- ing partial evacuation are present in some ton and estimated that colluvial accumulation ported basal radiocarbon dates from recent deposits. for 1,000 to 10,000 yr was required to replace landslide scars in three Oregon Coast Range hol- the sediment evacuated in a landslide. On the lows of 1.6, 6.4, and 9.4 ka and inferred that the STUDY AREA basis of detailed observations and measurements period between successive failures in this area is of landslide scars in central California grass- thus in the range of thousands of years. Basal The study sites are within the central Califor- lands, Lehre (1981, 1982) proposed essentially radiocarbon dates from nine additional hollows nia Coast Ranges of Marin and Alameda Coun- the same model for colluvial deposits north of in the Oregon Coast Range extend from 4 to ties, in the northern San Francisco Bay area San Francisco, emphasizing the role of revegeta- >40 ka, with seven sites clustering between 4 (Fig. 1). The climate is Mediterranean, with wet tion in stabilizing debris within landslide scars and 7.5 ka (Reneau, 1988). Basal radiocarbon winters and dry summers, moderated by coastal and the role of gullying in evacuating some dates from eight hollows on the Olympic Penin- fog. Average annual rainfall ranges from about hollows. sula of Washington range from 7-13 ka and 600 to 1,000 mm/yr and is greatest at sites near- A more diverse depositional history was sug- show a clustering between 7 and 10 ka (Reneau est the coast (Rantz, 1971). Native vegetation is gested by the study of colluvial deposits in the and others, 1989). The early Holocene was a varied and includes grassland; a northern coastal
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Radiocarbon Dates from Volcanic Deposits at Mount St. Helens, Washington
    UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Radiocarbon Dates from Volcanic Deposits at Mount St. Helens, Washington By Dwight R. Crandell, Donal R. Mullineaux, Meyer Rubin, Elliott Spiker, and M. L. Kelley Open-File Report 81-844 1981 This report is preliminary and has not been edited or reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey standards or nomenclature. Radiocarbon dates from volcanic deposits at Mount St. Helens, Washington by Dwight R. Crandell, Donal R. Mullineaux, Meyer Rubin, Elliott Spiker, and M. L. Kelley Stratigraphic studies of the eruptive products of Mount St. Helens volcano, supported by radiocarbon dates, were begun in the late 1950's (Crandell and others, 1962; Mullineaux and Crandell, 1962). More detailed studies were begun by Jack H. Hyde in 1968 (Hyde, 1970, 1973, 1975) and were expanded by Crandell and Mullineaux between 1970 and the present. Age determinations in the radiocarbon laboratory of the U.S. Geological Survey in Reston, Va., on organic matter incorporated in the volcanic products, permitted the volcano's eruptive events to be arranged chronologically (table 1). These radiocarbon dates have contributed immeasurably to an understanding of the volcano's history and potential hazards (Crandell and Mullineaux, 1978), and through long-range tephrochronology have also aided in the solution of other geologic problems in the Pacific Northwest such as dating the last scabland flood in eastern Washington (Mullineaux and others, 1978). Some of the 65 radiocarbon dates listed here have been published previously, but nowhere have they all been assembled in a single place. Because of widespread interest in the past history of the volcano as a result of the eruptions that began in 1980, and to make these dates readily available to future workers, we prepared this compilation of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Meyer Rubin-A Radiocarbon Pioneer
    Radiocarbon, Vol 00, Nr 00, 2021, p 1–6 DOI:10.1017/RDC.2021.65 © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press for the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona MEYER RUBIN—A RADIOCARBON PIONEER G S Burr1* • Jack McGeehin2 1Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 2Radiocarbon Laboratory (retired), U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, USA Meyer Rubin (1924–2020). Photo courtesy of Harvey Belkin. MEYER RUBIN’S RADIOCARBON LEGACY Meyer Rubin (February 17, 1924–May 2, 2020) was a pioneer in the field of radiocarbon. In 1950, after serving in World War II, he began his career as a geologist at the United States Geological Survey (USGS). He joined the survey’s radiocarbon laboratory on December 1, 1953, under Hans Suess (Suess 1954a). Suess constructed an acetylene gas 14C beta- counting laboratory that extended the age limit of the Libby 14C solid graphite method by several half-lives (Suess 1954b; Flint and Rubin 1955). After Suess left, Meyer became the director of the USGS lab. In 1956 he completed his PhD degree from the University of Chicago (Rubin 1956) and pursued his radiocarbon research at the USGS with great industry. By the end of the 1950s Meyer had reported 14C results from 38 U.S. states, 26 countries around the world, the Atlantic Ocean, Antarctica, and the stratosphere (see references in Table 1). Meyer was also a seasoned field geologist, and during the 1950s alone, he collected samples from over a dozen states. Meyer published date lists to provide a record of his efforts.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Texas Radiocarbon Dates I J
    [RADIocARI oN, VOL. 4, 1962, P. 43-501 UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS RADIOCARBON DATES I J. J. STIPP,* E. MOTT DAVIS, JOHN E. NOAKES,* and TOM E. HOOVER Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory, Balcones Research Center, University of Texas, Austin, Texas The C14 Dating Laboratory of the University of Texas has been working on the development of two systems of counting : gas counting with methane, and liquid scintillation counting with benzene. Lack of adequate instrumentation has retarded the work on gas counting, but the liquid scintillation work, sup- ported in part by the Department of Chemistry, finally led to the successful development of a system in which the benzene counting solvent was synthesized from acetylene by pyrolysis (Tamers, Stipp, and Collier, 1961). By coincidence, while the work on liquid scintillation was going on at the University of Texas, Noakes was doing work at the A. & M. College of Texas on a low temperature catalytic method of benzene conversion for radiocarbon dating (Noakes, Isbell, and Hood, 1961; Anonymous, 1961) . We eventually learned of each other's work, and it became evident that collaboration would be of mutual benefit. The better points of the two systems were combined, the catalytic method being chosen for the benzene conversion. A preparation sys- tem was built at the University of Texas laboratory, and a Packard Tri-Garb Liquid Scintillation Spectrometer was made available at the A. & M. College of Texas and calibrated for low level C14 counting. The cooperative effort led to successful routine dating, and produced the dates reported here. The two laboratories are still working together, but each expects soon to have a complete system, and thereafter they will operate independently.
    [Show full text]
  • Radiocarbon After Four Decades RADIOCARBON R.E
    Radiocarbon After Four Decades RADIOCARBON R.E. Taylor A. Long R.S. Kra Editors Radiocarbon After Four Decades An Interdisciplinary Perspective With 148 Illustrations Springer Science+Business Media, LLC R.E. Thylor Austin Long Department of Anthropology Department of Geosciences Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics The University of Arizona University of California, Riverside Thscon, AZ 85721 USA Riverside, CA 92521-0418 USA Renee S. Kra Department of Geosciences The University of Arizona Thscon, AZ 85721 USA Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Radiocarbon after four decades: an interdisciplinary perspective / [editors], R.E. Taylor, Austin Long, Renee S. Kra. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4757-4251-0 ISBN 978-1-4757-4249-7 (eBook) DOI 1O.l007/978-1-4757-4249-7 1. Radiocarbon dating. I. Taylor, R. E. (Royal Ervin), 1938- II. Long, Austin. III. Kra, Renee S. QC798.D3R3 1992 546'.6815884-dc20 91-44448 Printed on acid-free paper. © 1992 Springer Science+BusinessMedia New York Originally published by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc. in 1992 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1992 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written per­ mission of the publisher,Springer Science+Bnsiness Media, LLC, except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereaf­ ter developed is forbidden. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, etc., in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone.
    [Show full text]
  • SOLAR SIGNALS from 14C in TREE RINGS and DETERMINING RECURRENCE INTERVALS of GREAT SUBDUCTION ZONE EARTHQUAKES in SOUTHERN ALASK
    Abstracts 231 SOLAR SIGNALS FROM 14C IN TREE RINGS ELISABETTA PIERAZZO Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 USA and SILVIA SARTORI Department of Physics, University of Padova, Padova, Italy 14C The record in wines has shown many interesting features. The strongest signal which is imprinted in it comes from the 11-year solar cycle. Another possible feature could be a frequency modulation of solar origin, also detectable, despite the limited length of the record (carrier period 11 years, modulating period 22 years). The solar signature is also present in annual tree rings, though weaker; the length of the record is short, in any case. Long tree-ring records are now available in decadal and bi-decadal sequences. However, as it is well known, conventional spectral analysis of such temporal sequences, is affected by aliasing, which is always present in equispaced sequences where a signal lies beyond the Nyquist frequency. Thus, it is difficult to clearly define the real presence of solar cycles on the scale of centuries. Alaasing can be avoided in the analysis of unequispaced time sequences. On the other hand, unequispaced sequences ask for other more sophisticated treatments, such as Bayesian analysis. A comparison is carried out between the detectability of signals of solar origin in unequispaced and equispaced sequences, when the latter contain aliased frequencies. A frequency modulation model for wines is compared with an annual sequence in tree rings, for the last 400 years. DETERMINING RECURRENCE INTERVALS OF GREAT SUBDUCTION ZONE EARTHQUAKES IN SOUTHERN ALASKA BY RADIOCARBON DATING GEORGE PLAFKER, K R LAJOIE U S Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025 USA and MEYER RUBIN U S Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 22092 USA Rupture on the eastern segment of the Aleutian arc subduction zone produced the great 1964 Alaska earthquake and caused vertical and horizontal tectonic displacements over more than 14C 140,000 km2.
    [Show full text]
  • Anniversary of Radiocarbon Laboratory
    Anniversary of Radiocarbon Laboratory September 19, 1967 The father of the "atomic time clock" will keynote the observance on September 22 of the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the La Jolla Radiocarbon Laboratory of the University of California, San Diego's Scripps Institution of Oceanography. He is Dr. Willard Frank Libby, professor of chemistry at UCLA and 1960 recipient of the Nobel Prize for chemistry for his discovery of a method to determine geological age by measuring the amount of radioactive carbon-14 in organic or carbon containing objects. The observance is a tribute by his colleagues to Dr. Hans E. Suess, UCSD professor of geochemistry, who set up the Scripps Radiocarbon Laboratory in August, 1957. It will be held in Scripps' Sumner Auditorium. The day's agenda includes a welcome by Dr. Frederick T. Wall, UCSD vice chancellor for graduate studies and research; Dr. Libby's address and Dr. Suess' response; an informal luncheon; presentation of scientific papers; and a dinner. Scientists from the UCLA Radiocarbon Laboratory, which Dr. Libby directs; and from similar laboratories at the University of Arizona, Tucson; University of Washington, Seattle; and Washington State University, Pullman, have been invited to attend. Dr. James R. Arnold, UCSD professor of chemistry, is arranging the day-long affair. Although Dr. Suess heads up the Scripps Radiocarbon Laboratory, its day-to-day operations are supervised by Dr. George S. Bien, specialist in UCSD's Department of Chemistry. Dr. Libby, who is director of the University's statewide Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, majored in chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley, and received his doctorate there in 1933.
    [Show full text]
  • Meyer Rubin-A Radiocarbon Pioneer
    Radiocarbon, Vol 00, Nr 00, 2021, p 1–6 DOI:10.1017/RDC.2021.65 © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press for the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona MEYER RUBIN—A RADIOCARBON PIONEER G S Burr1* • Jack McGeehin2 1Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 2Radiocarbon Laboratory (retired), U. S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, USA Meyer Rubin (1924–2020). Photo courtesy of Harvey Belkin. MEYER RUBIN’S RADIOCARBON LEGACY Meyer Rubin (February 17, 1924–May 2, 2020) was a pioneer in the field of radiocarbon. In 1950, after serving in World War II, he began his career as a geologist at the United States Geological Survey (USGS). He joined the survey’s radiocarbon laboratory on December 1, 1953, under Hans Suess (Suess 1954a). Suess constructed an acetylene gas 14C beta- counting laboratory that extended the age limit of the Libby 14C solid graphite method by several half-lives (Suess 1954b; Flint and Rubin 1955). After Suess left, Meyer became the director of the USGS lab. In 1956 he completed his PhD degree from the University of Chicago (Rubin 1956) and pursued his radiocarbon research at the USGS with great industry. By the end of the 1950s Meyer had reported 14C results from 38 U.S. states, 26 countries around the world, the Atlantic Ocean, Antarctica, and the stratosphere (see references in Table 1). Meyer was also a seasoned field geologist, and during the 1950s alone, he collected samples from over a dozen states. Meyer published date lists to provide a record of his efforts.
    [Show full text]
  • 38,000 Fresh-Water Mussel Shells from S Side of Road Cut on State Highway 113, Approx
    U. S. Geological Survey Radiocarbon Dates VII Item Type Article; text Authors Ives, Patricia C.; Levin, Betsy; Robinson, Richard D.; Rubin, Meyer Citation Ives, P. C., Levin, B., Robinson, R. D., & Rubin, M. (1964). U. S. Geological Survey radiocarbon dates VII. Radiocarbon, 6, 37-76. DOI 10.1017/S0033822200010547 Publisher American Journal of Science Journal Radiocarbon Rights Copyright © The American Journal of Science Download date 02/10/2021 21:25:40 Item License http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Version Final published version Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/654046 I:RADIOCARUON, Vol.. 6, 1964, P. 37-761 U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RADIOCARBON DATES VII* PATRICIA C. IVES, BETSY LEVIN, RICHARD D. ROBINSON, and MEYER RUBIN U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. This date list contains the results of measurements made during 1961, 1962 and 1963. The method of counting, utilizing acetylene gas, remains essen- tially unchanged, except for the addition of some solid state electronics. The method of computation, using the Libby half-life of 5568 ± 30 yr, is con- tinued. The error listed is always larger than the one-sigma statistical counting error commonly used, and takes into account known uncertainty laboratory factors, and does not include external (field or atmospheric) variations. Unless otherwise stated, collectors of all samples are members of the U. S. Geological Survey. SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONS A. Eastern U. S. W-1132. Copperas Gap, Arkansas >38,000 Fresh-water mussel shells from S side of road cut on State Highway 113, approx. 1 mi SW of Arkansas River, SE'/4 NE'/4 SE'/4 sec.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Variation and Its Effects on Our Land and Water
    CLIMATE VARIATION AND ITS EFFECTS ON OUR LAND AND WATER Part C. Geological Survey Climate Plan THE NATKWAi CUMAT£ PROGRAM ACT '' -« «"!=*** GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 776-C WORKSHOP ON EARTH SCIENTISTS' PERSPECTIVES OF CLIMATE CHANGE Convened near Denver, Colorado, December 7-9, 1976 WORKSHOP COMMITTEE & EDITORIAL BOARD David S. Fullerton, committee, editor, Denver, Colo. Keith A. Howard, convener, editor, Menlo Park, Calif. Richard F. Madole, committee, Denver, Colo. Harold E. Malde, committee, Denver, Colo. Mark F. Meier, editor, Tacoma, Wash. Steven S. Oriel, convener, editor, Denver, Colo. Kenneth L. Pierce, chairman of Workshop, Denver, Colo. George I. Smith, editor, Menlo Park, Calif. GUEST SPEAKERS Alan D. Hecht, National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. Stephen H. Schneider, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colo. PARTICIPANTS David P. Adam, Menlo Park, Calif. Carl M. Wentworth, Jr., Menlo Park, Calif. Thomas A. Ager, Reston, Va. Issac J. Winograd, Reston, Va. 3. Platt Bradbury, Denver, Colo. Thomas C. Winter, Denver, Colo. Parrel A. Branson, Denver, Colo. Jack A. Wolfe, Menlo Park, Calif. Walter Dean, Denver, Colo. Robert W. Fleming, Denver, Colo. Norman O. Frederiksen, Reston, Va. CONSULTANTS Irving Friedman, Denver, Colo. James V. Gardner, Menlo Park, Calif. Henry L. Berryhill, Jr., Corpus Christi, Tex. Edward J. Gilroy, Reston, Va. G. Brent Dalrymple, Menlo Park, Calif. Thomas D. Hamilton, Menlo Park, Calif. Maurice J. Grolier, Reston, Va. Darrell G. Herd, Menlo Park, Calif. Bruce B. Hanshaw, Reston, Va. Thor N. V. Karlstrom, Flagstaff, Ariz. David M. Hopkins, Menlo Park, Calif. Denis Marchand, Menlo Park, Calif. Richard J. Janda, Menlo Park, Calif. C. Daniel Miller, Denver, Colo.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ore Bin Published Monthly By
    Vol. 37, No.3 March 1975 STATE OF OREGON DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND MINERAL INDUSTRIES The Ore Bin Published Monthly By STATE OF OREGON DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND MINERAL INDUSTRIES Head Office: 1069 State Office Bldg . , Portland, Oregon - 97201 Telephone: [503] - 229-5580 FIELD OFFICES 2033 First Street 521 N. E. "E" Street Boker 97814 Grants Pass 97526 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Subscription Rote 1 year - 52.00; 3 years - $5.00 Available bock issues - S.25 each Second class postage poid at Portland, Oregon GOVERNING BOARD R. W. deWeese, Portland, Chairman Willian E. Miller, Bend H. lyle Von Gordon, Grants Pass STATE GEOLOGIST R. E. Corcoran GEOLOGISTS IN CHARGE OF FIELD OFFICES Howard C. Brooks, Boker len Romp, Granh Pass Permission is granted to reprint information contained herein . Credit given the State of Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries for compiling this information will be appreciated. State of Oregon The ORE BIN Department of Geology Volume 37,No. 3 and Mineral Industries 1069 State Office Bldg. March 1975 Portland Oregon 97201 MOUNT ST. HELENS VOLCANO: RECENT AND FUTURE BEHAVIOR Dwight R. Crandell, Donal R. Mullineaux U. S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado and Meyer Rubin U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia Mount St. Helens, a prominent but relatively little known volcano in south­ ern Washington (Figure 1), has been more active and more violent during the last few thousand years than any other volcano in the conterminous United States. Although dormant since 1857, St. Helens will erupt again, perhaps before the end of this century. Future eruptions like those of the recent past would affect a broad area beyond the volcano, but the area most likely to be severely affected is not yet heavily populated.
    [Show full text]
  • 42,000 > 45,000 7170 ± 300 W-1661. Jacksonville, Florida 5220 B.C
    [RADIOCARBON, VOL. 9, 1967, P. 505-529] U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RADIOCARBON DATES IX PATRICIA C. IVES, BETSY LEVIN, CHARLES L. OMAN and MEYER RUBIN U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. This list contains the results of measurements made during 1965 and 1966. Samples are counted in the form of acetylene gas, as pre- viously, and ages computed on the basis of the Libby half-life, 5568 ± 30 yr. The error listed is always larger than the one-sigma statistical counting error commonly used, takes into account known uncertainty laboratory factors, but does not include external (held or atmospheric) variations. Unless otherwise stated, collectors of all samples are members of the U. S. Geological Survey. The authors are indebted to Mrs. Julia Hohl, who assisted in the preparation of this list and of the samples since the fall of 1966. SAMPLE DESCRIPTIONS A. Eastern U. S. W-1903. Sussex County, Delaware > 42,000 Wood from stump of cypress between Seaford and Middleford (38° 39' 36" N Lat, 75° 36' 12" W Long), Sussex County, Delaware. In clay overlain by sand and gravel. Coll. 1966 and subm. by Henry Hutchin- son,Sussex Soc. of Archeol, and History, Bethel, Delaware. Comment: wood probably grew during Sangamon Interglaciation. W-1542. Lafayette Square, Washington, D. C. > 45,000 Fresh-water peat from Lafayette Square (38° 53' 58" N Lat, 77° 02' 7" W Long), Washington, D.C. From upper part of peat above organic silt, alt ca. 50 ft. Peat contains pollen, mostly of spruce and pine, some of fir, and a few deciduous trees; also contains fresh-water sponge spicules and diatoms.
    [Show full text]
  • Radiocarbon After Four Decades an Interdisciplinary Perspective
    R.E. Taylor A. Long R.S. Kra eiBUOTECA Editors Radiocarbon After Four Decades An Interdisciplinary Perspective With 148 Illustrations Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest CONTENTS Foreword Acknowledgments Contributors Editors HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES Preface by R E Taylor 1. The Early Years With Libby at Chicago: A Retrospective James R Arnold with Robert L Schuch 2. The Early Radiocarbon Years: Personal Reflections Hans E Suess THE NATURAL CARBON CYCLE Preface by Paul E Damon 3. Calibration of the Radiocarbon Time Scale, 2500-5000 BC Minze Stuiver and Gordon W Pearson 4. The History of Dendrochronology and Radiocarbon Calibration Bernd Becker 5. The Present Status of Understanding of the Long-Period Spectrum of Radiocarbon Charles P Sonett 6. Glacial-to-Interglacial Changes in Ocean Circulation Jean-Claude Duplessy, Maurice Arnold, Edouard Bard Laurent Labeyrie, Josette Duprat and Jean Moyes 1. Reconstruction of Radiocarbon Distribution in the Glacial Ocean Tsung-Hung Peng and Wallace S Broecker xii Contents 8. Radiocarbon Fluctuations and the Geomagnetic Field Robert S Sternberg 9. Solar Forcing of Global Climate Change? Paul E Damon and John L Jirikowic 10. Radiocarbon and Astrophysical-Geophysical Phenomena G E Kocharov 11. Cosmo genie In Situ Radiocarbon on the Earth Devendra Lai INSTRUMENTATION AND SAMPLE PREPARATION Preface by Austin Long 12. Sample Treatment Strategies in Radiocarbon Dating REMHedges 13. COj Gas Proportional Counting in Radiocarbon Dating - Review and Perspective Bernd Kromer and Karl Otto Munnich 14. Four Decades of Progress in "C Dating by Liquid Scintillation Counting and Spectrometry Henry A Polach 15. The History of AMS, Its Advantages Over Decay Counting: Applications and Prospects H E Gove 16.
    [Show full text]