C146-E280D Metabolomics Product Portfolio
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Monosaccharides and Their Derivatives in Carbonaceous Meteorites: a Scenario for Their Synthesis and Onset of Enantiomeric Excesses
life Review Monosaccharides and Their Derivatives in Carbonaceous Meteorites: A Scenario for Their Synthesis and Onset of Enantiomeric Excesses George Cooper 1,*, Andro C. Rios 1,2,* and Michel Nuevo 1,3 ID 1 NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; [email protected] 2 Blue Marble Space, 1001 4th Ave, Ste 3201, Seattle, WA 98154, USA 3 Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, NASA Research Park, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] (G.C.); [email protected] (A.C.R.) Received: 5 June 2018; Accepted: 22 August 2018; Published: 27 August 2018 Abstract: Carbonaceous meteorites provide the best glimpse into the solar system’s earliest physical and chemical processes. These ancient objects, ~4.56 billion years old, contain evidence of phenomena ranging from solar system formation to the synthesis of organic compounds by aqueous and (likely) low-temperature photolytic reactions. Collectively, chemical reactions resulted in an insoluble kerogen-like carbon phase and a complex mixture of discrete soluble compounds including amino acids, nucleobases, and monosaccharide (or “sugar”) derivatives. This review presents the documented search for sugars and their derivatives in carbonaceous meteorites. We examine early papers, published in the early 1960s, and note the analytical methods used for meteorite analysis as well as conclusions on the results. We then present the recent finding of sugar derivatives including sugar alcohols and several sugar acids: The latter compounds were found to possess unusual “D” enantiomeric (mirror-image) excesses. After discussions on the possible roles of interstellar grain chemistry and meteorite parent body aqueous activity in the synthesis of sugar derivatives, we present a scenario that suggests that most of Earth’s extraterrestrial sugar alcohols (e.g., glycerol) were synthesized by interstellar irradiation and/or cold grain chemistry and that the early solar disk was the location of the initial enantiomeric excesses in meteoritic sugar derivatives. -
Monitoring Flavor Quality, Composition and Ripening Changes of Cheddar Cheese Using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
MONITORING FLAVOR QUALITY, COMPOSITION AND RIPENING CHANGES OF CHEDDAR CHEESE USING FOURIER-TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Anand S. Subramanian, M.S. ***** The Ohio State University 2009 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. Luis E. Rodriguez-Saona, Advisor Dr. W. James Harper _______________________ Dr. V.M Balasubramaniam Advisor Dr. David B. Min Food Science and Nutrition Graduate Program Copyright by Anand Swaminathan Subramanian 2009 ABSTRACT Cheese flavor develops during the ripening process, when complex changes take place, leading to the formation of flavor compounds, including amino acids and organic acids. However, cheese ripening is not completely understood, making it difficult to produce cheese of uniform flavor quality. Currently, cheese characteristics are determined using sensory panels and chromatography, which are expensive, time- consuming, and laborious. The objective was to develop a rapid and cost-effective technique based on Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for simultaneous analysis of cheese composition and flavor quality and identify some of the biochemical changes occurring during ripening. Cheddar cheese samples were obtained from a cheese manufacturer, along with their composition, age and flavor quality data. The samples were powdered using liquid nitrogen and water-soluble compounds were extracted using water, chloroform and ethanol. The extracts were analyzed by reverse phase HPLC for 3 organic acids, GC-FID for 20 amino acids, and FTIR to collect the mid-infrared spectra (4000-700 cm-1). The collected spectra were correlated with flavor quality and composition data to develop classification models based on soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) and regression models based on partial least squares (PLS). -
Searching for Inhibitors of the Protein Arginine Methyl Transferases: Synthesis and Characterisation of Peptidomimetic Ligands
SEARCHING FOR INHIBITORS OF THE PROTEIN ARGININE METHYL TRANSFERASES: SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF PEPTIDOMIMETIC LIGANDS by ASTRID KNUHTSEN B. Sc., Aarhus University, 2009 M. Sc., Aarhus University, 2012 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES (Pharmaceutical Sciences) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) March 2016 © Astrid Knuhtsen, 2016 UNIVERSITY OF COPENH AGEN FACULTY OF HEALTH A ND MEDICAL SCIENCES PhD Thesis Astrid Knuhtsen Searching for Inhibitors of the Protein Arginine Methyl Transferases: Synthesis and Characterisation of Peptidomimetic Ligands December 2015 This thesis has been submitted to the Graduate School of The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen ii Thesis submission: 18th of December 2015 PhD defense: 11th of March 2016 Astrid Knuhtsen Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 2 DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of British Columbia 2405 Wesbrook Mall BC V6T 1Z3, Vancouver Canada Supervisors: Principal Supervisor: Associate Professor Jesper Langgaard Kristensen Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Co-Supervisor: Associate Professor Daniel Sejer Pedersen Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Co-Supervisor: Assistant Professor Adam Frankel Faculty of Pharmaceutical -
Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Hepatic Diseases
Review Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Hepatic Diseases: Therapeutic Possibilities of N-Acetylcysteine Kívia Queiroz de Andrade 1, Fabiana Andréa Moura 1,2, John Marques dos Santos 3, Orlando Roberto Pimentel de Araújo 3, Juliana Célia de Farias Santos 2 and Marília Oliveira Fonseca Goulart 3,* Received: 10 October 2015; Accepted: 4 December 2015; Published: 18 December 2015 Academic Editor: Guido Haenen 1 Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde (PPGCS), Campus A. C. Simões, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-970 Maceió, AL, Brazil; [email protected] (K.Q.A.); [email protected] (F.A.M.) 2 Faculdade de Nutrição/Universidade Federal de Alagoas (FANUT/UFAL), Campus A. C. Simões, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-970 Maceió, AL, Brazil; [email protected] 3 Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia (IQB), Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A. C. Simões, Tabuleiro dos Martins, 57072-970 Maceió, AL, Brazil; [email protected] (J.M.S.); [email protected] (O.R.P.A.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-82-98818-0463 Abstract: Liver disease is highly prevalent in the world. Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are the most important pathogenetic events in liver diseases, regardless the different etiology and natural course. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (the active form) (NAC) is being studied in diseases characterized by increased OS or decreased glutathione (GSH) level. NAC acts mainly on the supply of cysteine for GSH synthesis. The objective of this review is to examine experimental and clinical studies that evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles of NAC in attenuating markers of inflammation and OS in hepatic damage. -
Identification of a Distinct Metabolomic Subtype of Sporadic ALS Patients
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/416396; this version posted September 13, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Identification of a Distinct Metabolomic Subtype of Sporadic ALS Patients Running title – Increased cysteine and glucose metabolism in sALS cases Qiuying Chen, PhD1*, Davinder Sandhu, M.S.1*, Csaba Konrad, PhD2, Dipa Roychoudhury, PhD3, Benjamin I. Schwartz1, Roger R. Cheng1, Kirsten Bredvik2, Hibiki Kawamata, PhD2, Elizabeth L. Calder, PhD4, Lorenz Studer, MD4, Steven. M. Fischer3, Giovanni Manfredi MD/PhD2* and Steven. S. Gross, PhD1* *Joint first/senior authors 1Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA 2Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA 3Agilent Technology, Santa Clara, CA, USA 4The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Center, New York, NY. Keywords: sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, metabolomics, stable isotope tracing, trans-sulfuration, hypermetabolism, disease stratification, energy metabolism Co-Corresponding Authors: Steven S. Gross, PhD Department of Pharmacology Weill Cornell Medicine Phone: 212-746-6257 Email: [email protected] Giovanni Manfredi, MD/PhD Brain and Mind Research Institute Weill Cornell Medicine Phone: 646-962-8172 Email: [email protected] 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/416396; this version posted September 13, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Number of characters: Title --- 94 Running head---48 Number of words: Title --- 13 Running head --- 8 Abstract---232 Introduction --- 549 Discussion --- 1126 Body of manuscript --- 5706 Number of figures: 8 Number of color figures: 8 Number of tables:1 2 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/416396; this version posted September 13, 2018. -
THE SPORULATION of PERONOSPORA TABAOINA ADAM. on TOBACCO LEAF DISKS by C
EFFECTS OF METABOLITES AND ANTlMETABOLITES ON THE SPORULATION OF PERONOSPORA TABAOINA ADAM. ON TOBACCO LEAF DISKS By C. J. SHEI'HERD* and M. MANDRYK* [Manuscript received ~arch 13, 1964] Summary . The effects of 148 metabolites and a~tinietabolites on the sporulation or" Peronospora tabacina Adam. on leaf disks of Nieotiand tubacum cv. Virginia Gold. have been determined. (1) Normal metabolites, with the exception of flavin adenine dinucleotide, had slight althoU:gh statistically significant effects on sporulation intensIty, which suggests that inhibition-nutrition phenomena play no part in the sporulation process of P. tabacina. (2) Seven uracil analogues had an inhibitory effect on sporulation, and the reversal of inhibition by uracil suggests the active involvement of this compound in the sporulation process. (3) Canavanine at a final concentrat.ion of 120 ftgjml showed complete inhibition of sporulation. The reversal of the canavanine inhibition of sporulation by arginine, citrulline, and ornithine suggests the involvement of arginine and the functioning of an ornithine cycle in the sporulating system. (4) White, instead of the normal blue, conidia were produced in the presence of a number of sUlphur-containing compounds. It is suggested that this phenomenon depends on the chelating properties of these compounds towards copper ions, with the subsequent inactivation of tyrosinase activity in the conidia. (5) Sporulation intensities of 68 X 10'-}53 X 104 conidia per sqnare centimetre of leaf area were observed during the present study. I. INTRODUCTION Clayton and Gaines (1933), Armstrong and Sumner (1935), and Dixon, McLean, and Wolf (1936) have shown that sporulation by Peronospora tabacina Adam. occurred only under conditions of high humidity. -
Supplemental Table 1. Differences in Fasting Metabolites (All) by CKD Status in Plasma
Supplemental table 1. Differences in fasting metabolites (all) by CKD status in plasma. Metabolites in bold show hits controlling FDR at 10%, in a model that controls for age, sex, race (white versus not), and weight. Ordered by subclasses of metabolites followed by adjusted percent difference between CKD and controls and adjusted p-value for difference. Metabolite % Difference p-value q-value Pathway in CKD, compared with controls Cystine (241.1 / 120.0) 33 2.60E-09 1.52E-08 Amino Acid Proline (116.1 / 70.0) 20 0.000195 0.000692 Amino Acid 2-Hydroxyisovaleric Acid (117.0 / 71.0) 47 0.000331 0.001139 Amino Acid Tyrosine (182.1 / 136.0) -13 0.000633 0.002014 Amino Acid Serine (106.0 / 60.0) -8 0.029507 0.065132 Amino Acid Glycine (76.0 / 30.1) 13 0.032003 0.06842 Amino Acid Leucine (132.1 / 86.0) -5 0.067499 0.139499 Amino Acid 5-Aminovaleric Acid (118.0 / 55.0) -4 0.127339 0.253324 Amino Acid Threonine (120.1 / 74.0 (2)) -7 0.145125 0.281179 Amino Acid Glutamine (147.1 / 84.0) 3 0.169291 0.318061 Amino Acid Valine (118.1 / 72.0) -4 0.201091 0.36138 Amino Acid Arginine (175.1 / 70.0) 5 0.209045 0.362752 Amino Acid Sarcosine (89.9 / 44.0) -7 0.209395 0.362752 Amino Acid Cadaverine (103.0 / 86.0) 4 0.281896 0.459935 Amino Acid Histidine (156.1 / 110.0) 3 0.319987 0.495386 Amino Acid Alanine (90.0 / 44.0) 5 0.330111 0.499193 Amino Acid iso-Leucine (132.1 / 86.0 (2)) -3 0.336431 0.50262 Amino Acid Phenylalanine (166.1 / 120.0) 2 0.461445 0.61526 Amino Acid Methionine (150.1 / 61.0) -3 0.516557 0.681415 Amino Acid Pipecolate (130.0 / 84.0) -2 -
Taurine Supplementation Improves the Utilization of Sulfur
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 20 (2009) 132–139 Taurine supplementation improves the utilization of sulfur-containing amino acids in rats continually administrated alcohol Hui-Ting Yanga, Yi-Wen Chienb, Jen-Horng Tsenc, Ching-Chien Changb,d, ⁎ ⁎ Jer-Hwa Change, ,1, Shih-Yi Huangb, ,1 aSchool of Pharmaceutical Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei bSchool of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei cSchool of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan dGeneral Education Center, Northern Taiwan Institute of Science and Technology, Taipei eDepartment of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Received 27 September 2007; received in revised form 18 December 2007; accepted 4 January 2008 Abstract The main purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in brain sulfur-containing amino acid (SCAA) metabolism to determine whether taurine intervened under continuous alcohol intake. We fed 80 male Sprague–Dawley rats 30% alcohol-containing water for 4 weeks. Eighty animals were divided into two groups (with or without 2 g/kg body weight taurine supplementation), and five were killed every week in each group for monitoring SCAA changes in the brain, liver, kidneys and heart. Results indicated that the plasma alcohol concentration increased from Weeks 1–4; however, animals with taurine supplementation showed a lower plasma concentration of ethanol in Week 2. As to SCAA concentrations, cysteine and taurine were both lower after a week of alcohol ingestion in the brain and plasma; the same declining trend was shown in the liver in Week 2. In contrast, plasma and hepatic concentrations of homocysteine were elevated in Week 2, and the plasma S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)/S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) ratio also decreased in Week 1. -
L-Norvaline Reverses Cognitive Decline and Synaptic Loss in a Murine Model of Alzheimer's Disease
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/354290; this version posted June 22, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. L-norvaline reverses cognitive decline and synaptic loss in a murine model of Alzheimer's disease. Baruh Polis1,2*, Kolluru D Srikanth2, Evan Elliott3, Hava Gil-Henn2 , Abraham O. Samson1 1 Drug Discovery Laboratory, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, 1311502, Israel. 2 Laboratory of Cell Migration and Invasion, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, 1311502, Israel. 3 Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, 1311502, Israel. * Correspondence should be addressed to: Baruh Polis, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, 8th Henrietta Szold Street, P.O. Box 1589, Safed 1311502, Israel. Phone: +972525654451, e-mail: [email protected] Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, L-norvaline, L-arginine, arginase, memory, amyloid beta, ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1, mTOR. 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/354290; this version posted June 22, 2018. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. Abstract The urea cycle plays a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). -
Effect of L-Norvaline on the Small Intestinal
Effect of L-norvaline on the small intestinal wall blood perfusion in a model of acute segmental mesenteric thrombosis Effecto de L-norvalina en la perfusión sanguínea de la pared del intestino delgado en el modelo de trombosis mesentérica segmentaria aguda Elena N. Bezhina; Sergey A. Alekhin; Elena B. Artyushkova; Angelika Y. Orlova; Lev N. Sernov; Tatyana A. Denisuk; Anna A. Peresypkina 1Belgorod State University, Pobedy St., 85, Belgorod, 308015, Russia *Corresponding author: Sergey A. Alekhin, Belgorod State University, Pobedy St., 85, Belgorod, 308015, Russia; e-mail: [email protected] Received/Recibido: 06/28/2020 Accepted/Aceptado: 07/15/2020 Published/Publicado: 09/09/2020 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4266263 Abstract Introduction. Ischemic and reperfusion injury play one of the before occlusion of segmental mesenteric arteries. The most important roles in the pathogenesis of many disorders. speed of microcirculation was measured using laser Doppler Especially severe changes in the wall of the small intestine flowmetry by Biopac systems MP100 with TSD144 probe and are observed in acute mesenteric thrombosis, and restora- Acknowledge 3.9.0 program. tion of blood flow to the ischemic tissue initiates a cascade of events that may lead to additional cell injury known as reper- Results. Arginase inhibitor, L-norvaline, in doses of 5, 10, 15, fusion injury. This reperfusion damage frequently exceeds the 20 mg/kg decreased the level of post-occlusive hyperemia original ischemic insult. L-norvaline, as an arginase inhibitor from 1846.25± 54.97 BPU to 1738.49± 42.67, 1622.91± 17.15, was shown to be potentially strategy to combat hepatic isch- and 1412,88 ± 38,08 BPU, respectively. -
Combined Metabolic Activators Improve Cognitive Functions Without Altering Motor
medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.28.21261293; this version posted August 4, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license . Combined Metabolic Activators Improve Cognitive Functions without Altering Motor Scores in Parkinson’s Disease Burak Yulug1,#, Ozlem Altay2,#, Xiangyu Li2, #, Lutfu Hanoglu3, Seyda Cankaya1, Simon Lam4, Hong Yang2, Ebru Coskun3, Ezgi İdil1, Rahim Nogaylar1, Ahmet Hacımuftuoglu5, Muhammad Arif2, Saeed Shoaie2,4, Cheng Zhang2.6, Jens Nielsen7, Hasan Turkez8, Jan Borén9, Mathias Uhlén2,*, Adil Mardinoglu2,4,* 1Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Antalya, Turkey 2Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden 3Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey 4Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom 5Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey. 6School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China 7Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden 8Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey 9Department -
Natural Products (Secondary Metabolites)
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology of Plants, B. Buchanan, W. Gruissem, R. Jones, Eds. © 2000, American Society of Plant Physiologists CHAPTER 24 Natural Products (Secondary Metabolites) Rodney Croteau Toni M. Kutchan Norman G. Lewis CHAPTER OUTLINE Introduction Introduction Natural products have primary ecological functions. 24.1 Terpenoids 24.2 Synthesis of IPP Plants produce a vast and diverse assortment of organic compounds, 24.3 Prenyltransferase and terpene the great majority of which do not appear to participate directly in synthase reactions growth and development. These substances, traditionally referred to 24.4 Modification of terpenoid as secondary metabolites, often are differentially distributed among skeletons limited taxonomic groups within the plant kingdom. Their functions, 24.5 Toward transgenic terpenoid many of which remain unknown, are being elucidated with increas- production ing frequency. The primary metabolites, in contrast, such as phyto- 24.6 Alkaloids sterols, acyl lipids, nucleotides, amino acids, and organic acids, are 24.7 Alkaloid biosynthesis found in all plants and perform metabolic roles that are essential 24.8 Biotechnological application and usually evident. of alkaloid biosynthesis Although noted for the complexity of their chemical structures research and biosynthetic pathways, natural products have been widely per- 24.9 Phenylpropanoid and ceived as biologically insignificant and have historically received lit- phenylpropanoid-acetate tle attention from most plant biologists. Organic chemists, however, pathway metabolites have long been interested in these novel phytochemicals and have 24.10 Phenylpropanoid and investigated their chemical properties extensively since the 1850s. phenylpropanoid-acetate Studies of natural products stimulated development of the separa- biosynthesis tion techniques, spectroscopic approaches to structure elucidation, and synthetic methodologies that now constitute the foundation of 24.11 Biosynthesis of lignans, lignins, contemporary organic chemistry.