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Spence Bate, 1888 Coastal Shrimps

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Spence Bate, 1888 Coastal Shrimps FAMILY HIPPOLYTIDAE Spence Bate, 1888 Coastal shrimps Geographic Range Species of Spirontocaris are found primarily in the northern Pacific Ocean, but three species occur in the Arctic and northern Atlantic. Species of Lebbeus also are most abundant in the northern Pacific, but also occur in the northern Atlantic, very deep areas of the central Pacific and in the southeastern Pacific. Species of Eualus are most diverse in body form and number of species in the northern Pacific, but also occur in the northern Atlantic and in the southern hemisphere. Species of Heptacarpus range from the coast of Asia to southwestern Mexico, but usually are found in temperate and boreal waters of the north Pacific. Description The most diverse and common shrimp of the coasts of California and Oregon are species of the Hippolytidae. All species have a rostrum, which can range from a sharp single spine to an elaborately toothed blade. The eyes are large and not hidden beneath the carapace. The carapace bears two or more supraorbital spines in Spirontocaris, one in Lebbeus, and none in other genera. Suborbital, antennal, and pterygostomial spines often are present on the carapace, although the pterygostomial spine may be small or absent in some species. The carapace does not have a cardiac notch. The antennules are short; one flagellum always is densely setose. The third maxilliped is setose and bears small claws at the end of the terminal segment; it bears in exopod in species of Eualus and always also an epipod in species of Spirontocaris, Lebbeus and Eualus. Species of Heptacarpus also usually, but not always, have an epipod on the third maxilliped. The first pereopod is stout and chelate. The second pereopod is slender and chelate, and has a multiarticulated carpus. There are seven carpal articles in species of Eualus, Heptacarpus, Lebbeus and Spirontocaris. The P3-5 are ambulatory, and end in curved and simple or stout, spinose dactyls. The pleura of the abdomen can be evenly rounded or bear sharp spines. The telson bears dorsolateral and terminal spines. Best known members of this family are the coastal shrimp, genus Heptacarpus, which can be found in tidepools, under docks, in kelp beds or on near-shore sandy bottoms. Coastal shrimp often have camouflaging or disruptive coloration, with stripes, bands, spots, saddle markings, etc. of green, brown, black, tan or white. These color patterns, usually seen in adult females, aid in camouflage. Species of Lebbeus range from the lowest intertidal region to the continental slope. Species of Eualus live in kelp beds and in offshore areas. Spirontocaris truncata and S. prionota live subtidally in kelp beds or on rocky reefs. Spirontocaris lamellicornis, S. sica and S. holmesi are characteristic of muddy and sandy bottoms of the continental shelf. An additional species, Eualus suckleyi (Stimpson, 1864) has been reported once from off Grays Harbor, Washington. It has a rostrum slightly longer than the scaphocerite, with spines on the dorsal distal half. It usually lacks an epipod on the second pereopod. See Butler (1980) for more information and an illustration. There are 5 Genera of Hippolytidae represented on the BC coast: Eualus, Heptacarpus, Hippolyte, Lebbeus and Spirontocaris. Eualus Eualus avinus Hippolyte Eualus barbatus Hippolyte clarki Eualus berkeleyorum Eualus biunguis Lebbeus Eualus butleri Lebbeus acudactylus Eualus fabricii Lebbeus catalepsis Eualus lineatus Lebbeus eludus Eualus macropthalmus Lebbeus grandimanus Eualus pusiolus Lebbeus groenlandicus Eualus subtilis Lebbeus mundus Eualus suckleyi Lebbeus polaris Eualus townsendi Lebbeus unalaskensis Lebbeus washingtonianus Heptacarpus Heptacarpus brivirostris Spirontocaris Heptacarpus camptschaticus Spirontocaris arcuata Heptacarpus carinatus Spirontocaris dalli Heptacarpus decorus Spirontocaris holmesi Heptacarpus flexus Spirontocaris lamellicornis Heptacarpus herdmani Spirontocaris ochotensis Heptacarpus kincaidi Spirontocaris prionata Heptacarpus moseri Spirontocaris sica Heptacarpus paludicola Spirontocaris snyderi Heptacarpus pugettensis Spirontocaris truncata Heptacarpus sitchensis Heptacarpus stimpsoni Heptacarpus stylus Heptacarpus taylori Heptacarpus tenuissimus Heptacarpus truncata References Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Wicksten, M.K. 2012. Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces. Magnolia Press, Aukland, New Zealand. EUALUS AVINUS (Rathbun, 1899) Beaked Eualid Geographic Range Pribilof Islands to off Depoe Bay, Oregon. Type locality north of Unalaska, Aleutian Islands. First taken in British Columbia waters by the Albatross Aug. 27, 1891, west of Race Rocks at 183 m Habitat Muddy and sandy bottoms of continental shelf, 46- 642 m. Morphology Body slender, somewhat compressed. Shell thin, smooth. Rostrum: short, not reaching end of second antennular segment, arched over eye, with 12-14 dorsal and 1-2 ventral teeth. Antennae: peduncle first and second segments each with spine. Carapace: with weak pterygostomial tooth. Pereopods: P1-3 with epipods. P3-5 slender, with long and slender dactyls; each merus with 5-7 spines. Abdomen: A1-3 rounded; A4-5 with posterolateral teeth; A6 elongate. Telson: with 3 pair dorsolateral spines. Distinctions Distinguished from other eualids with epipods on P1-3 and by arched, beak-like rostrum. Size Males: total 29 mm; females: total 44 mm. Coloration Translucent with blotches of orange on body and appendages (Butler, color plate 8E). Synonyms Spirontocaris avina Rathbun, 1899 Remarks This small shrimp is fairly common in the deeper waters of all coastal regions. References from synonym: Rathbun, M.J., 1899. List of Crustacea known to occur on and near the Pribilof Islands. In: Jordan, D.S., The Fur Seals and fur-seal Islands of the North Pacific Ocean, Part 3: 555-557. Washington Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Wicksten, M.K. 2012. Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces. Magnolia Press, Aukland, New Zealand EUALUS BARBATUS (Rathbun, 1899) Barbed Eualid Geographic Range Pribilof Islands to Santa Monica Bay, California. Type locality off St. George Island, Pribilof Islands. Habitat Soft mud, 82-507 m Morphology Rostrum: moderately deep, reaching beyond antennular peduncle, with 5-8 dorsal and 3-4 ventral teeth. Antennae: stylocerite of peduncle reaching about to end of first segment. Third maxilliped: stout; chelate Carapace: with weak suborbital, strong antennal and pterygostomial teeth. Pereopods: P1-5 lacking epipods; P3-5 slender, with spinose dactyls; merus of P3 with 3-4 spines; P4 with 4-5 spines; P5 with 4-5 spines. Abdomen: pleura of A3-5 rounded; A3-5 each with dorsal carina and spine; A4-5 with ventral teeth. Telson: with 3 pair dorsolateral spines. Distinctions Distinguished from all other Pacific eualids by the presence of barb-like spines on median dorsal surfaces of A3-6; strong pterygostomian spine, high on frontal margin of carapace. Size Male: total length 76 mm; female: total length 95 mm. Coloration Body with bands and spots of light orange Synonyms Spirontocaris barbata Rathbun, 1899 References from synonym: Rathbun, M.J., 1899. List of Crustacea known to occur on and near the Pribilof Islands. In: Jordan, D.S., The Fur Seals and fur-seal Islands of the North Pacific Ocean, Part 3: 555-557. Washington Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Wicksten, M.K. 2012. Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces. Magnolia Press, Aukland, New Zealand. EUALUS BERKELEYORUM Butler, 1971 Berkeley's Eualid Geographic Range British Columbia coast, Chatham Sound to Vancouver Island. First taken in British Columbia waters by Investigator No.1 near Gabriola Island in the Strait of Georgia, 384 m, 1963 Habitat Soft mud bottoms, 46-384 m Morphology Body moderately stout, little compressed. Shell thin, smooth. Rostrum: short, reaching end of first segment of antennular peduncle, with 8-11 dorsal and 2-5 ventral teeth. Eye: moderate in size, including cornea. Antennae: second and third segments of peduncle bearing spine; stylocerite not reaching end of first segment; scale oblong, lamella exceeds spine; basicerite, upper lateral lobe, lower spine; peduncle moderately long; flagellum exceeds total body length. Carapace: with strong suborbital and antennal teeth, weak pterygostomial tooth. Pereopods: P1-3 with exopods; P3-5 slender, with long, simple dactyls; merus of P3-5 each with 4-5 spines. Abdomen: pleura of A1-4 rounded; A5 with tooth. Telson: relatively wide and robust, 3 pairs dorsolateral spines, posterior margin broadly rounded, almost truncate; inner uropod longer than outer; both extend beyond telson. Distinctions Distinguished from other eualids with epipods on first P1-3, by short descending rostrum armed with at l east 8 closely spaced dorsal teeth, sinuous frontal margin of carapace, relatively wide telson with almost truncate posterior margin. Size Males: dimensions unknown; females: total 38 mm. Coloration Background white to cream, with red to orange patches on rostrum, other parts of carapace, and anterior appendages, including pereopods, but most intense on third maxillipeds; also saddle-like bands of same color on abdominal somites (Butler, Plate 5A). Remarks The male of this species has yet to be found References original description: Butler, T.H.,
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