Spence Bate, 1888 Coastal Shrimps

FAMILY HIPPOLYTIDAE Spence Bate, 1888 Coastal shrimps

Geographic Range Species of Spirontocaris are found primarily in the northern Pacific Ocean, but three species occur in the Arctic and northern Atlantic. Species of Lebbeus also are most abundant in the northern Pacific, but also occur in the northern Atlantic, very deep areas of the central Pacific and in the southeastern Pacific. Species of Eualus are most diverse in body form and number of species in the northern Pacific, but also occur in the northern Atlantic and in the southern hemisphere. Species of Heptacarpus range from the coast of Asia to southwestern Mexico, but usually are found in temperate and boreal waters of the north Pacific.

Description The most diverse and common shrimp of the coasts of California and Oregon are species of the Hippolytidae. All species have a rostrum, which can range from a sharp single spine to an elaborately toothed blade. The eyes are large and not hidden beneath the carapace. The carapace bears two or more supraorbital spines in Spirontocaris, one in Lebbeus, and none in other genera. Suborbital, antennal, and pterygostomial spines often are present on the carapace, although the pterygostomial spine may be small or absent in some species. The carapace does not have a cardiac notch. The antennules are short; one flagellum always is densely setose. The third maxilliped is setose and bears small claws at the end of the terminal segment; it bears in exopod in species of Eualus and always also an epipod in species of Spirontocaris, Lebbeus and Eualus. Species of Heptacarpus also usually, but not always, have an epipod on the third maxilliped. The first pereopod is stout and chelate. The second pereopod is slender and chelate, and has a multiarticulated carpus. There are seven carpal articles in species of Eualus, Heptacarpus, Lebbeus and Spirontocaris. The P3-5 are ambulatory, and end in curved and simple or stout, spinose dactyls. The pleura of the abdomen can be evenly rounded or bear sharp spines. The telson bears dorsolateral and terminal spines. Best known members of this family are the coastal shrimp, genus Heptacarpus, which can be found in tidepools, under docks, in kelp beds or on near-shore sandy bottoms. Coastal shrimp often have camouflaging or disruptive coloration, with stripes, bands, spots, saddle markings, etc. of green, brown, black, tan or white. These color patterns, usually seen in adult females, aid in camouflage. Species of Lebbeus range from the lowest intertidal region to the continental slope. Species of Eualus live in kelp beds and in offshore areas. Spirontocaris truncata and S. prionota live subtidally in kelp beds or on rocky reefs. Spirontocaris lamellicornis, S. sica and S. holmesi are characteristic of muddy and sandy bottoms of the continental shelf. An additional species, Eualus suckleyi (Stimpson, 1864) has been reported once from off Grays Harbor, Washington. It has a rostrum slightly longer than the scaphocerite, with spines on the dorsal distal half. It usually lacks an epipod on the second pereopod. See Butler (1980) for more information and an illustration.

There are 5 Genera of Hippolytidae represented on the BC coast: Eualus, Heptacarpus, Hippolyte, Lebbeus and Spirontocaris.

Eualus Eualus avinus Hippolyte Eualus barbatus Hippolyte clarki Eualus berkeleyorum Eualus biunguis Lebbeus Eualus butleri Lebbeus acudactylus Eualus fabricii Lebbeus catalepsis Eualus lineatus Lebbeus eludus Eualus macropthalmus Lebbeus grandimanus Eualus pusiolus Lebbeus groenlandicus Eualus subtilis Lebbeus mundus Eualus suckleyi Lebbeus polaris Eualus townsendi Lebbeus unalaskensis Lebbeus washingtonianus Heptacarpus Heptacarpus brivirostris Spirontocaris Heptacarpus camptschaticus Spirontocaris arcuata Heptacarpus carinatus Spirontocaris dalli Heptacarpus decorus Spirontocaris holmesi Heptacarpus flexus Spirontocaris lamellicornis Heptacarpus herdmani Spirontocaris ochotensis Heptacarpus kincaidi Spirontocaris prionata Heptacarpus moseri Spirontocaris sica Heptacarpus paludicola Spirontocaris snyderi Heptacarpus pugettensis Spirontocaris truncata Heptacarpus sitchensis Heptacarpus stimpsoni Heptacarpus stylus Heptacarpus taylori Heptacarpus tenuissimus Heptacarpus truncata

References Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Wicksten, M.K. 2012. Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces. Magnolia Press, Aukland, New Zealand. EUALUS AVINUS (Rathbun, 1899) Beaked Eualid

Geographic Range Pribilof Islands to off Depoe Bay, Oregon. Type locality north of Unalaska, Aleutian Islands. First taken in British Columbia waters by the Albatross Aug. 27, 1891, west of Race Rocks at 183 m

Habitat Muddy and sandy bottoms of continental shelf, 46- 642 m.

Morphology Body slender, somewhat compressed. Shell thin, smooth. Rostrum: short, not reaching end of second antennular segment, arched over eye, with 12-14 dorsal and 1-2 ventral teeth. Antennae: peduncle first and second segments each with spine. Carapace: with weak pterygostomial tooth. Pereopods: P1-3 with epipods. P3-5 slender, with long and slender dactyls; each merus with 5-7 spines. Abdomen: A1-3 rounded; A4-5 with posterolateral teeth; A6 elongate. Telson: with 3 pair dorsolateral spines.

Distinctions Distinguished from other eualids with epipods on P1-3 and by arched, beak-like rostrum.

Size Males: total 29 mm; females: total 44 mm.

Coloration Translucent with blotches of orange on body and appendages (Butler, color plate 8E).

Synonyms Spirontocaris avina Rathbun, 1899

Remarks This small shrimp is fairly common in the deeper waters of all coastal regions.

References from synonym: Rathbun, M.J., 1899. List of Crustacea known to occur on and near the Pribilof Islands. In: Jordan, D.S., The Fur Seals and fur-seal Islands of the North Pacific Ocean, Part 3: 555-557. Washington Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Wicksten, M.K. 2012. Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces. Magnolia Press, Aukland, New Zealand EUALUS BARBATUS (Rathbun, 1899) Barbed Eualid

Geographic Range Pribilof Islands to Santa Monica Bay, California. Type locality off St. George Island, Pribilof Islands.

Habitat Soft mud, 82-507 m

Morphology Rostrum: moderately deep, reaching beyond antennular peduncle, with 5-8 dorsal and 3-4 ventral teeth. Antennae: stylocerite of peduncle reaching about to end of first segment. Third maxilliped: stout; chelate Carapace: with weak suborbital, strong antennal and pterygostomial teeth. Pereopods: P1-5 lacking epipods; P3-5 slender, with spinose dactyls; merus of P3 with 3-4 spines; P4 with 4-5 spines; P5 with 4-5 spines. Abdomen: pleura of A3-5 rounded; A3-5 each with dorsal carina and spine; A4-5 with ventral teeth. Telson: with 3 pair dorsolateral spines.

Distinctions Distinguished from all other Pacific eualids by the presence of barb-like spines on median dorsal surfaces of A3-6; strong pterygostomian spine, high on frontal margin of carapace.

Size Male: total length 76 mm; female: total length 95 mm.

Coloration Body with bands and spots of light orange

Synonyms Spirontocaris barbata Rathbun, 1899

Geographic Range British Columbia coast, Chatham Sound to Vancouver Island. First taken in British Columbia waters by Investigator No.1 near Gabriola Island in the Strait of Georgia, 384 m, 1963

Habitat Soft mud bottoms, 46-384 m

Morphology Body moderately stout, little compressed. Shell thin, smooth. Rostrum: short, reaching end of first segment of antennular peduncle, with 8-11 dorsal and 2-5 ventral teeth. Eye: moderate in size, including cornea. Antennae: second and third segments of peduncle bearing spine; stylocerite not reaching end of first segment; scale oblong, lamella exceeds spine; basicerite, upper lateral lobe, lower spine; peduncle moderately long; flagellum exceeds total body length. Carapace: with strong suborbital and antennal teeth, weak pterygostomial tooth. Pereopods: P1-3 with exopods; P3-5 slender, with long, simple dactyls; merus of P3-5 each with 4-5 spines. Abdomen: pleura of A1-4 rounded; A5 with tooth. Telson: relatively wide and robust, 3 pairs dorsolateral spines, posterior margin broadly rounded, almost truncate; inner uropod longer than outer; both extend beyond telson.

Distinctions Distinguished from other eualids with epipods on first P1-3, by short descending rostrum armed with at l east 8 closely spaced dorsal teeth, sinuous frontal margin of carapace, relatively wide telson with almost truncate posterior margin.

Size Males: dimensions unknown; females: total 38 mm.

Coloration Background white to cream, with red to orange patches on rostrum, other parts of carapace, and anterior appendages, including pereopods, but most intense on third maxillipeds; also saddle-like bands of same color on abdominal somites (Butler, Plate 5A).

Remarks The male of this species has yet to be found

References original description: Butler, T.H., 1971. Eualus berkeleyorum n. sp., and records of other caridean shrimps (Order Decapoda) from British Colombia.— Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 28: 1615-1620. Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Wicksten, M.K. 2012. Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces. Magnolia Press, Aukland, New Zealand. ------

EUALUS BIUNGUIS (Rathbun, 1902) Deepsea Eualid

Geographic Range Bering Sea to Oregon, Sea of Japan, Siberian coast. Type locality off Cape St. James, Queen Charlotte Islands.

Habitat Possibly semipelagic, usually lower continental slope, 90-2090 m

Morphology Body slender, slightly compressed. Shell thin, smooth. Rostrum: long, 1.2-1.7 carapace length, somewhat ascending; upper limb narrower than lower; tip acute. Eye: very large, cornea curved inward to base of stalk. Antennae: peduncle moderately long, second segment much longer than third, each with dorsal distal spine; stylocerite moderately long; outer flagellum somewhat longer than antennal scale, inner about twice its length; scale tapers distally; lamella exceeds spine considerably; basicerite with 2 lateral lobes; peduncle moderately long; flagellum longer than body. Third maxilliped: long, moderately stout; exopod; epipod. Carapace spines: suborbital small; antennal strong; pterygostomian weak. Pereopods: lack epipods; P1 very short, stout; chelate; P2 over twice length of P1, very slender; carpus with 7 segments, chelate; P3-4 both as long as P2, very slender; P5 slightly longer than P4, very slender; P3-5 each with spines on merus, each dactylus slender, long, armed with 5 or 6 spines on margin, distal of which, with dactylus, simulates a minute chela. Abdomen: all somites lack median dorsal carinae; A5 with moderate posterolateral spine; A6 elongate. Telson: 5 or 6 pairs of dorsolateral spines; inner uropod reaches end of telson, shorter than outer.

Distinctions Distinguished by very large eyes, long rostrum with terminal third devoid of spines and sharply pointed, and chela-like appearance of dactyli of P3-5.

Size Males: total 49 mm; females: total 99 mm. Coloration Background yellow; carapace with red patches, whitish patches over branchial region; midrib of rostrum distinctly red, as well as most anterior appendages and pereopods; dorsal parts of abdominal somites and pleopods red; whitish patches on first 3 pleura.

Synonyms Spirontocaris biunguis Rathbun, 1902a

References from synonym: Rathbun, M.J., 1902a. Descriptions of new decapod crustaceans from the west coast of North America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 24: 885-90 Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Wicksten, M.K. 2012. Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces. Magnolia Press, Aukland, New Zealand. EUALUS BUTLERI Jensen, 2004 Sponge Eualid

Geographic Range Alaska, to Hood Canal, Puget Sound, Washington

Habitat 18-241 m. Resides in cavities of large hexactinellid sponges Rhabdocalyptus dawsoni and Aphrocallistes vastus.

Morphology Integument thin, smooth. Rostrum: short, slightly descending, reaching but usually not exceeding cornea; with 2-5 (usually 4) dorsal teeth, posterior two on carapace; 0-1 (rarely 2) subterminal ventral teeth. Eye: with cornea pigmented, round. Third maxilliped: long, stout; ultimate article extremely setose; tipped with comeous spines arranged in a sub-symmetric pattern. Antennae: basal article of with strong distal, dorsolateral spine and strong subdistal, ventromesial spine; Carapace: with suborbital lobe rounded; antennal spine well developed; pterygostomian spine small but distinct. Abdomen: somites smooth; pleuron of A2 rounded in females, slightly concave in males; pleura of A4-5 with posteroventral angle sharply produced. A6 1.6-1.8 X longer than A5 middorsally. Pereopods: P1 pair equal, chelate, dactyl with tip slightly more than half length of palm; palm 2.6-3.2 times as long as wide, coxa with epipod; P2 chelate, tips of chelae corneous, dactyl 0.6-0.75X length of palm, carpus usually with 7 segments, coxa with epipod. P3-5 similar in length and proportions, with spinules in adult males; Telson: with 3-5 pairs of dorsolateral spines and 3 pails of terminal spines, lateral pair similar to dorsolateral series. Uropods with posterolateral margin pointed. Exopod about 3 times longer than wide and exceeding telson and endopod; lateral margin straight, ending with small lateral and larger movable spine. Endopod about 3.5 times longer than wide; exceeding telson. Size Males: total 23 mm; females: total 28 mm.

Coloration Usually pale translucent yellow. Larger specimens often have faint reddish markings scattered on body and appendages, concentrated at base of pereopods, on mouthparts, and on underside of abdomen and eyestalk. Ovary and eggs very conspicuous bright turquoise. Remarks Jensen (2004) described this new species. Consult that work for complete description as well as a more up-to-date key for the East Pacific Eualids

References Jensen, G.C., 2004. Status of Eualus pusiolus in the northeastern Pacific, with a description of a new species of Eualus(Decapoda: Hippolytidae) .Journal of Crustacean Biology 24(3):463-469. 2004 . EUALUS FABRICII (Krøyer, 1841) Arctic Eualid

Geographic Range Pacific: Chukchi Sea; Bering Sea to British Columbia; Sea of Japan and Okhotsk Sea; Atlantic: from Foxe Basin and west Greenland to Massachusetts Bay;

Habitat 4-255 m.

Morphology Body slender, somewhat compressed. Shell thin, smooth. Rostrum: moderately long, about 1.3X carapace length, ascending slightly, upper limb narrower than lower, dorsal spines not extending beyond eye, tip acute. Eye: moderately large, cornea well developed. Antennae: peduncle short, second segment longer than third, both with dorsal spines; stylocerite moderately long; inner flagellum slightly longer than antennal scale, outer shorter; scale oblong, lamella exceeding spine; basicerite, upper lateral lobe, lower spine; peduncle short; flagellum about equal to body length. Third maxilliped: moderately long, moderately stout; exopod; epipod. Carapace spines: suborbital small, rounded; antennal moderate; pterygostomian moderate. Pereopods: P1 shorter than M3, stout, chelate, epipod; P2 longer than P1, slender, chelate, exopod, epipod; P3 longer and stouter than P2, dactylus moderately stout with 6 spines; P4 shorter than P3, as stout, dactylus moderately stout with 6 spines; P5 as long as P4, slender, dactylus moderately stout with 5 spines. Abdomen: median dorsal margin of A3 strongly produced posteriorly; pleuron of A4 with moderate lateral spine; A5 with weak posterolateral spine; A6 elongate. Telson with 4 or 5 pairs of lateral spines; inner uropod shorter than telson, outer slightly longer.

Distinctions Distinguished from other eualids by well-developed, knife-like rostrum, without dorsal spines ahead of the eyes.

Size Males: total 27 mm; females: total 42 mm.

Coloration White background spotted with deep bright red over entire body, but with red bars or rings on third maxilliped, pereopods, and first pleopod

Synonyms Hippolyte fabricii Krøyer, 1841 Spirontocaris fabricii (Kroyer, 1841)

Remarks This species appears to be the least abundant of the local eualids

References from synonym: Krøyer, H., 1841. Udsigt over de nordiske arter af slægten Hippolyte.— Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift 3: 570-579. Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Wicksten, M.K. 2012. Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces. Magnolia Press, Aukland, New Zealand. ------

EUALUS LINEATUS Wicksten and Butler, 1983 Eualid Shrimp

Geographic Range Naha Bay, Alaska to Santa Cruz Island, California. Type locality SW of Gull Island, off Santa Cruz Island, California.

Habitat Rocks, reefs; often among sponges; 12 to 232 m .

Morphology Rostrum: slender, not reaching end of second segment of antennular peduncle, with 3-6 dorsal and 1-3 ventral teeth. Antennae: first segment of peduncle with 3 spines, other two segments with 2 spines each; stylocerite reaching or surpassing end of first segment; with curved, dorsal spine near base. Carapace: with small suborbital tooth, strong antennal tooth, moderate pterygostomial tooth. Pereopods: P1-3 with epipod; P1 stout; P3-5 slender, with spinose dactyls, merus of P3, with 3 spines; P4, with 2-3 spines; P5, with 0-1 spine. Abdomen: pleura of A1-3 rounded with 4-5 with teeth. Telson: with 3 pair dorsolateral spines.

Size Male: total length 20 mm; female: total length 25 mm

Coloration Carapace and abdomen marked with broad orange bands against translucent background

Remarks This species was long confused with Heptacarpus herdmani Walker, despite Walker's original description stating that the species lacked an exopod on the third maxilliped. At present, H. herdmani is known only from the type specimen from Puget Sound.

References original description: Wicksten, M.K. & T.H. Butler, 1983. Description of Eualus lineatus new species, with a redescription of Heptacarpus herdmani (Walker) (Caridea: Hippolytidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 96: 1-6 Wicksten, M.K. 2012. Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces. Magnolia Press, Aukland, New Zealand. ------

EUALUS MACROPTHALMUS (Rathbun, 1902) Bigeye Eualid

Geographic Range Unalaska to Point Sur, California . Type locality off Tawhit Head, Washington.

Habitat 110-1163 m. The species may be pelagic.

Morphology Body moderately slender, somewhat compressed. Shell thin, smooth. Rostrum: deep, reaching beyond antennular peduncle, with 10-14 dorsal and 1-4 ventral teeth; tip acute. Antennae: second and third segments of peduncle with terminal spines; stylocerite not reaching end of first segment. Carapace: with pterygostomial spine minute or absent. Pereopods: lacking epipods. P1 moderately large; P2 slender. P3-5 long and slender, with slender, simple dactyls; merus of P3 with 5-6 spines; P4 with 5-6 spines; P5, with 4 spines. Abdomen: pleura of A1-4 rounded; A5 with ventral tooth. Telson: with 5-6 pair dorsolateral spines.

Size Male: total length to 43 mm; female: total length to 71 mm

Coloration Pale yellow with red speckling

Synonyms Spirontocaris macrophthalma Rathbun, 1902a

References from synonym: Rathbun, M.J., 1902a. Descriptions of new decapod crustaceans from the west coast of North America.— Proceedings of the United States National Museum 24: 885-905 Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Wicksten, M.K. 2012. Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces. Magnolia Press, Aukland, New Zealand. ------

EUALUS PUSIOLUS (Krøyer, 1841) Doll Eualid

Taxonomy Decapoda Caridea Hippolytidae

Geographic Range Pacific: Chukchi Sea; Bering Sea to British Columbia; Okhotsk Sea and Sea of Japan. Atlantic: east coast of North America from Gulf of St. Lawrence to Cape Cod; Europe from Murman Coast to Spain. The species was recorded from British Columbia without a specific locality. A specimen was captured in English Bay at 10 m, 1961.

Habitat intertidal to 1381 m

Morphology Body fairly stout, slightly compressed. Shell thin, smooth. Rostrum: short. about 0.45 carapace length, markedly descending; tip acute or bifid. Eye: large, cornea well developed. Antennae: peduncle moderately long, second segment about as long as third; strong dorsal distal spine on each of 3 segments; stylocerite short; inner flagellum slightly longer than outer, both exceed antennal scale; scale tapering, lamella exceeding spine, basicerite with 2 lateral spines, peduncle moderately long; flagellum exceeds body length. Third maxilliped: long, moderately stout with exopod and epipod. Carapace spines: suborbital small, rounded; antennal strong; pterygostomian weak. Pereopods: P1 shorter than M3, stout, chelate, epipod; P2 longer than P1, slender, chelate, epipod; P3 longer than P2, stout, dactylus stout with spines, epipod; P4 about as long as P3, more slender, dactylus stout with 6-7 spines; P5 about as long as P4, slender, merus 0-1 spine, dactylus stout with spines. Abdomen: A1-3 lack spines; dorsal posterior margin of A3 slightly lobed; pleuron of A4 with ventral spine; pleuron of A5 with strong posterolateral spine; A6 slightly longer than A5 with moderate posteroventral spine. Telson: 3 or 4 pairs of dorsolateral spines; inner uropod equaling telson, outer slightly longer. Distinctions Doll eualid may be distinguished from others in this genus with epipods on P1-3, by short rostrum of normally 5 dorsal spines or fewer, which does not extend beyond eye.

Size Males: total 23 mm; females: total 28 mm

Coloration Body background mainly transparent; carapace with short, red or orange bars; spots of same color on peduncles of antennule and antenna, eyestalk, third maxilliped, and to lesser extent on proximal parts of pereopods; also spots of same color scattered on first, third, fifth, and sixth abdominal somites, on telson, uropod, and basipodites of pleopods; light lemon spots scattered on carapace, abdomen, and appendages (Butler, Plate 7B)

Synonyms Hippolyte andrewsii Kinahan, 1860a Hippolyte barleei Spence Bate, 1852 Hippolyte korenii Danielssen, 1859 Hippolyte pusiola Krøyer, 1841 Hippolyte subula Rathke, 1843 Hippolyte vittata Rathke, 1843 Spirontocaris pusiola Krøyer, 1841

Remarks The doll eualid, along with the elegant coastal shrimp, Heptacarpus decorus, and the blunt-bladed hrimp, Spirontocaris truncata, is found inside the glass sponge, Rhabdocalyptus dawsoni, on rocky bottom in the strait of Georgia.

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EUALUS SUBTILIS Carvacho and Olsen, 1984 Pygmy Eualid

Geographic Range Barkley Sound, British Columbia to Punta Banda, Todos Santos Bay, Baja California, Mexico. Type locality Punta Banda. Habitat Kelp beds, wrecks, reefs, intertidal to 74 m.

Morphology Rostrum: with 3-4 dorsal, 0-2 ventral teeth, reaching cornea of eye. Antennae: first segment of peduncle with one small spinule; stylocerite without curved dorsal tooth near base; basicerite with one lateral tooth. Third maxilliped: with exopod. Carapace: without supraorbital teeth, no suborbital tooth, but strong antennal tooth and small but acute pterygostomial tooth. Pereopods: P1-2 with epipods. P3 with 2-5 distal spines on merus; P4 with 2-3 spines; P5 with 1 meral spine. P3 of male sexually dimorphic: propodus enlarged on flexor margin, dactyl with 8 spines. Abdomen: pleura A1-3 rounded; pleura of A4-5 each with posterolateral spine.

Size Carapace length of male to 2.1 mm; female to 3.8 mm.

Coloration Translucent with lines of dark chromatophores.

Remarks This species can be confused easily with E. lineatus. In the field, the color pattern is useful in identification: E. lineatus has bold stripes, E. subtilis is more transparent.

References original description: Carvacho, A. & R. Olson, 1984. Nuevos registros para la fauna carcinologica del noreste de Mexico y descripcion de una nueva especie: Eualus subtilis, n.sp. (Crustacea: Decapoda: Natantia). The Southwestern Naturalist 29: 59-71 Wicksten, M.K. 2012. Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces. Magnolia Press, Aukland, New Zealand.

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EUALUS SUCKLEYI (Stimpson, 1864) Shortscale Eualid

Geographic Range Chukchi Sea; Bering Sea to about Grays Harbor off Washington; Okhotsk Sea; First taken in British Columbia waters by the Albatross 1891, west of Race Rocks.

Habitat 11-1025 m Morphology Body slender, somewhat compressed. Shell thin, smooth. Rostrum: moderately long, distal half slightly ascending; upper limb narrower than lower, tip acute. Eye: moderately large, cornea well developed. Antennae: peduncle short, second segment much longer than third; stylocerite long; inner flagellum about twice length of outer, which extends to end of antennal scale; scale shorter than carapace length, tapering slightly, lamella exceeding spine; basicerite with 2 lateral spines; peduncle short; flagellum slightly shorter than body length. Third maxilliped: short, stout; exopod; epipod. Carapace spines: suborbital weak, rounded; antennal strong; pterygostomian weak. Pereopods: P1 shorter than M3, stout, chelate, epipod normally present; P2 longer than 1, slender, chelate, epipod of reduced size; P3 longer than P2, moderately stout, dactylus moderately stout with spines; P4 as long as 3, moderately stout, dactylus moderately stout with spines; P5 slightly longer than P4, moderately stout, propodus has dense tuft of setae at distal end, dactylus moderately stout with spines. Abdomen: A1-3 lack spines; dorsal posterior margin of A3 slightly lobed; pleuron of A4 with ventral spine; pleuron of A5 with strong posterolateral spine; A6 elongate with moderate posteroventral spine.Telson: 4 pairs dorsolateral spines; outer uropod longer than inner, both shorter than telson.

DistinctionsThe short-scaled eualid usually lacks an epipod on the P2 and differs from the Arctic eualid by dorsal spines on distal half of the rostrum. It may be distinguished from Townsend’s eualid, if the status of epipods is in doubt, by presence of lateral spine on pleuron of A4, and shorter antennal scale.

Size Males: total 48 mm; females: total 79 mm.

Synonyms Hippolyte suckleyi Stimpson, 1864

Remarks This eualid is fairly common in British Columbia inlets.

References from synonym: Stimpson, W., 1864. Descriptions of new species of marine Invertebrata from Puget Sound, collected by the naturalists of the North-West Boundary Commission, A.H. Campbell, Esq., Commissioner. Proceedings of Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1864:153-161 Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. EUALUS TOWNSENDI (Rathbun, 1902) Townsend’s Eualid

Geographic Range Pribilof Islands to Puget Sound; Sea of Japan and Okhotsk Sea. First taken in British Columbia waters by the Albatross 1888, in Queen Charlotte Strait.

Habitat 38-630 m

Morphology Body moderately stout, somewhat compressed. Shell thin, smooth. Rostrum: moderately long: distal half slightly ascending, upper limb narrower than lower, tip acute. Eye: moderately large, cornea well developed. Antennae: peduncle moderately long, second segment about as long as third, a strong dorsal distal spine on each of second and third segments; stylocerite moderately long; inner flagellum a little longer, and outer shorter than antennal scale; scale exceeds carapace length, tapering slightly, lamella exceeds spine; basicerite has 2 blunt lateral spines; peduncle short; flagellum about equal to body length.Third maxilliped: short, stout; exopod; epipod. Carapace spines: suborbital weak, rounded; antennal strong; pterygostomian weak. Pereopods: P1 shorter than M3 stout, chelate, with epipod; P2 longer than 1, slender, chelate, epipod; P3 longer than 2, a little stouter, dactylus moderately stout with 4-5 spines; P4 as long as 3, slender, merus has 3-4 spines, dactylus moderately stout with 6-7 spines; P5 a little longer than 4, slender, dactylus moderately stout with 5-6 spines. Abdomen: A1-4 lack spines; dorsal posterior margin of A3 slightly lobed; pleuron of A5 with moderately strong posterolateral spine; A6 elongate with moderate posteroventral spine. Telson 4 pairs of lateral spines; outer uropod as long as telson, inner somewhat shorter.

Distinctions Townsend’s eualid is the only British Columbia member of the genus that normally has epipods of full size on only third maxillipeds and first 2 pereopods. Resembles short-scaled eualid closely, but lacks a ventral spine on pleuron of A4, and antennal scale is longer than carapace.

Size Males: total 35 mm; females: total 44 mm.

Coloration Translucent, with cardinal red spots in loose groups over entire body; light cream on rostrum, third maxillipeds, and distal ends of protopodites of pleopods, telson, and inner uropod; distal spines of third maxilliped black, also fingers of P1, and dactyli of P3-5, (Butler Plate 8C).

Synonyms Spirontocaris townsendi Rathbun, 1902a

Remarks It appears that this shrimp is less common in coastal inlets than the short-scaled eualid.

HEPTACARPUS BREVIROSTRIS (Dana, 1852) Stout Coastal Shrimp

Geographic Range Attu, Aleutian Islands to Santa Cruz County, California. Type locality Dungeness, Straits of Juan de Fuca.The first published record of the species from British Columbia waters was in 1864, based on material collected by J. K. Lord in Esquimalt Harbour, in 1862.

Habitat Rocky intertidal areas, rocky subtidal areas with algae, 0-128 m.

Morphology Rostrum: short, usually with simple apex, reaching cornea or beyond but not exceeding first segment of antennular peduncle, with 2-6 dorsal and no ventral teeth. Antennae: first segment of peduncle with 3-4 spinules; second and third segments each with spine; stylocerite reaching end of second segment. Third maxilliped: long and heavy, especially in male. Pereopods: P3-5 with short, spinose dactyls, merus with 1 spine each. Abdomen: A5 with strong posterolateral spine; A6 with strong posteroventral tooth. Telson: with acute tip and 4 pairs of dorsolateral spines; uropods exceeding telson.

Distinctions Separated from the other coastal shrimp, H. stimpsoni, which also has a ventral spine on the pleuron of the A4 and epipods on P1-3, by very short rostrum, normally without ventral spines; antennal scale shorter than telson; long, stout third maxilliped, which exceeds antennal scale by over half length of maxilliped.

Size Male: total length 49 mm; female: total length 62 mm

Coloration Variable: translucent, kelp-brown, opaque pinkish white with green abdomen, red. Animals observed alive in northern California and Oregon were chocolate brown, greenish, or mottled with rose pink and white. All were well camouflaged among algae. Synonyms Hippolyte brevirostris Dana, 1852a

Remarks H. brevirostris is probably one of the most common intertidal shrimps along the British Columbia coast.

References from synonym: Dana, J.D., 1852a. Conspectus crustaceorum quae in orbis terrarum circumnavigatione, Carol Wilkes e classe reipublicae foederatae duce, lexit e descripsit. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 6, 6-28 Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Wicksten, M.K. 2012. Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces. Magnolia Press, Aukland, New Zealand. HEPTACARPUS CAMTSCHATICUS (Stimpson, 1860) Northern Coastal Shrimp

Geographic Range Cape Lisburne, Chukchi Sea; Bering Sea to Strait of Georgia; Okhotsk Sea; Sea of Japan, to Peter the Great Bay; Tokyo Bay. First known record in British Columbia waters, in Newcastle Island Passage, near Nanaimo, at about 6 m, 1973.

Habitat Intertidal to 108 m.

Morphology Body slender, compressed. Shell thin, surface smooth. Rostrum: moderately long, carapace length, upper limb very narrow, horizontal or descending, tip acute. Eye: small, cornea well developed. Antennae: peduncle moderately long; each segment with dorsal, distal spine; stylocerite moderately long; scale as long as carapace; lamella exceeds spine; peduncle short; flagellum longer than body. Third maxilliped: short, stout, with epipod. Carapace spines: suborbital weak, rounded, antennal strong, pterygostomian weak. Pereopods: P1 shorter than M3, stout, chelate; P2 longer than 1, slender, chelate; P3 longer than 2, slightly stouter, dactylus moderately stout with 6 spines, bifid; P4 shorter than 3, as stout, dactylus moderately stout, with 6 spines; P5 shorter than P4, as stout, merus with 3-4 spines, dactylus moderately stout, with 6 or 7 spines. Abdomen: short transverse sulcus close to dorsal posterior margin of A1; dorsal posterior margin of A3 strongly lobed; A5 with moderate posterolateral spine; A6 about twice length of 5, with weak posteroventral spine, and rounded lobe above. Telson: moderately wide, tapering to rounded tip; 4-5 pairs of lateral spines; outer uropod longer than inner, both exceed telson. Male, smaller, more slender; rostrum slightly longer, more ascending; pterygostomian spine weak or obsolescent; outer antennular flagellum longer.

Distinctions Separated from other coastal shrimps, which lack a ventral spine on pleuron of A4, and epipods on any pereopods, by short third maxilliped, reaching only to middle of antennal scale; antennal scale as long as or longer than the carapace; A6 shorter than telson; lamella of antennal scae extending beyond spine; pterygostomian spine present.

Size Males: total 32 mm; females: total 45 mm.

Synonyms Hippolyte camtschatica Stimpson, 1860a

References from synonym: Stimpson, W., 1860a. Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum Pacificum Septentrionalem, a Republic Federata missa, Cadwaladore Ringgold et Johanne Rodgers Ducibus, observavit et descripsit. Pars VIII, Crustacea Macrura.— Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1860: 22-47. Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. ------

HEPTACARPUS CARINATUS Holmes, 1900 Smalleye Coastal Shrimp

Geographic Range Dixon Harbor, Alaska to Point Loma, California. Type locality Monterey Bay, California.

Habitat Tidepools, among eelgrass and algae; intertidal to 27 m .

Morphology Body moderately stout, little compressed. Shell thin, surface smooth. Rostrum: exceeding antennular peduncle, with 3-7 dorsal and 2-6 ventral teeth. Eye small, stalk slender, cornea well developed. Antennae: peduncle second and third segments each with spine; stylocerite not reaching end of first segment. Carapace spines: suborbital moderate, rounded; antennal strong; pterygostomian moderate. Pereopods: P1-3 with epipod; P3-5 stout, with spinose dactyls merus of P3 with 1-3 spines; P4 with 0-2 spines; P5 with 1 spine. Abdomen: distal dorsal margin of A3 with pronounced hump. Telson: with 2-5 pairs of dorsolateral spines.

Distinctions H. carinatusis the only known local coastal shrimp that lacks a ventral spine on the pleuron of A4, and has epipods on P1-3. Other identifying characters are the wide, bladelike rostrum, lacking spines in distal half; small eyes; beak-like projection of dorsal posterior margin of A3; deep pleura of first 3 abdominal somites with mainly straight ventral margins.

Size Male: total length 38 mm; female: total length 51 mm

Coloration Variable: translucent, apple green with red rostrum and stripes on carapace and abdomen, bright green, or red. References original description: Holmes, S.J., 1900. Synopsis of California stalk-eyed Crustacea.— Occasional papers of the California Academy of Sciences 7: 1-262, Plates 1-4 Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Wicksten, M.K. 2012. Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces. Magnolia Press, Aukland, New Zealand.

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HEPTACARPUS DECORUS (Rathbun, 1902) Elegant Coastal Shrimp

Geographic Range Gabriola Island, Strait of Georgia to San Diego, California. Type locality off Santa Cruz Island, California.

Habitat 22-313 m.

Morphology Rostrum: exceeding antennular peduncle, with 4-5 dorsal and 4-8 ventral teeth. Antennae: peduncle second and third segments each with spine; stylocerite reaching at most to end of first segment. Third maxilliped: with epipod. Pereopods: without epipods; P1 with particularly stout chela; P3-5 slender, with spinose dactyls, merus of P3 with 3-5 spines; P4 with 4 spines; P5 with 3-4 spines. Abdomen: pleura of A1-4; A5 with a ventral tooth. Telson: with 4-7 pair dorsolateral spines.

Distinctions Absence of ventral spine on pleuron A4 and absence of epipods on all pereopods. Keel-like ridges on inner margins of eyestalks.

Size Male: total length 33 mm; female: total length 60 mm. Coloration Watery pink, with patterns of small red spots on body and appendages.

Synonyms Spirontocaris decora Rathbun, 1902a

References from synonym: Rathbun, M.J., 1902a. Descriptions of new decapod crustaceans from the west coast of North America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 24: 885-905 Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Wicksten, M.K. 2012. Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces. Magnolia Press, Aukland, New Zealand.

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HEPTACARPUS FLEXUS (Rathbun, 1902) Slenderbeak Coastal Shrimp

Geographic Range Bering Sea to Farallon Islands, California. Type locality north of Bird Island, Shumagins, Alaska.

Habitat 37-172 m .

Morphology Rostrum: exceeding antennular peduncle, with 4-5 dorsal and 5-8 ventral teeth, anteriormost dorsal tooth near to or behind middle of rostrum. Antennae: stylocerite length exceeding first segment of peduncle. Third maxilliped: with epipods. Pereopods: P1-2 with epipods; P3-5 slender, dactyls slender and weakly bifid, merus of P3 with 2 spines; P4 with 2 spines; P5 merus with 1 spine. Abdomen: pleura of A1-4 rounded; A5 with ventral tooth. A3 with dorsal hump. Telson: with 4 pair dorsolateral spines.

Size Female: total length to 54 mm

Synonyms Spirontocaris flexa Rathbun, 1902a

References from synonym: Rathbun, M.J., 1902a. Descriptions of new decapod crustaceans from the west coast of North America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 24: 885-905. Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Wicksten, M.K. 2012. Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces. Magnolia Press, Aukland, New Zealand.

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HEPTACARPUS HERDMANI (Walker, 1898) Striped Coastal Shrimp

Geographic Range Sitka, AK to Puget Sound. First collected in British Columbia waters by A. B. Needler in Nanoose Bay at 37 m, 1928. Type locality: Puget Sound

Habitat 18-232 m.

Morphology Rostrum: horizontal, reaching beyond second segment of antennular peduncle and almost to end of scaphocerite; two dorsal teeth on carapace; series of 3 to end of eyestalk; distal half of rostrum without dorsal teeth; apex of rostrum sharp; 1 prominent ventral tooth just behind tip; slight knob behind tooth. Eye: darkly pigmented, round. Antennae: stylocerite reaching end of first segment of peduncle, which has 2 lateral spines; second segment less than 0.5 x length of first with 1 spine; entire peduncle about 0.5x length of antennal scale. Third maxilliped: without exopod, but with epipod, reaching beyond end of antennal scales. Carapace: smooth, dorsum straight. Very small knob at level of suborbital spine. No supraorbital spines. Antennal spines strong, prominent; pterygostomian spine, very small and sharp. Pereopods: P1 strongly chelate, overreaching scaphocerite, with epipod, fingers shorter than palm, with tuft of setae at tip; P2 chelate, with epipod, fingers shorter than palm, carpus with 7 segments, the third of these the longest; P3 with long, curved simple dactyls with a few long setae on curved margin; P4-5 similar to third, all without epipods. Abdomen: smooth, pleurae of A1-4 rounded, those of A5-6 with sharp points. Telson: with 3 pairs of lateral spines; spines also at apex of telson; uropods broad and ovate.

Synonyms Eualus herdmani (Walker, 1898) Spirontocaris herdmani Walker, 1898

Remarks The unique holotype of Heptacarpus herdmani has been broken and dehydrated so that many fine details cannot be observed. However, the lack of an exopod on the third maxilliped clearly shows that the species does not belong to the genus Eualus, in which it was originally placed. As now interpreted, the only known specimen of H. herdmani is the holotype from Puget Sound, either from Washington, U.S.A. or the Canadian side. No depth or substrate were mentioned for the specimen, but the long, simple dactyls suggest that the species lived on a soft bottom. Perhaps future dredging or sampling with SCUBA gear will discover more specimens of this poorly known shrimp.

References original description: Walker, A.O., 1898. Crustacea collected by W.A. Herdmann, F.R.S., in Puget Sound, Pacific coast of North America, September 1897.— Transactions of the Liverpool Biological Society 12: 268-287, Plates 5-16 Wicksten, M.K. & T.H. Butler, 1983. Description of Eualus lineatus new species, with a redescription of Heptacarpus herdmani (Walker) (Caridea: Hippolytidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 96: 1-6. HEPTACARPUS KINCAIDI (Rathbun, 1902) Kincaid’s Coastal Shrimp

Geographic Range Discovery Passage, east coast of Vancouver Island to San Pedro, CA. Apparently the first record of the species in British Columbia waters was in Burrard Inlet sometime before 1912.

Habitat 10-183 m

Morphology Body moderately stout, compressed. Shell thin, surface smooth. Rostrum: moderately deep, exceeding antennular peduncle, with 5-6 dorsal and 5-6 ventral teeth; apex usually bifid. Eye: large, cornea well developed. Antennae: peduncle second and third segments with 1 spine each; stylocerite reaching end of second segment. Third maxilliped: with epipod. Carapace spines: suborbital weak, rounded; antennal moderate to strong; pterygostomian moderate to weak. Pereopods: no epipods on pereopods; P3-5 slender with spinose dactyls, merus of P3 with 2-4 spines; P4 with 2-3 spines; P5 with 2-3 spines. Abdomen: pleura of A1-4 rounded; A5 with sharp ventral tooth; dorsal posterior margin of A3 forming cap-like lobe. Telson: with 4 pair dorsolateral spines.

Distinctions H. kincaidi belongs to a group of 5 local coastal shrimps, characterized by absence of ventral spine on A4. Distinguished from others by antennal scale as long as or longer than carapace; spine of antennal scale exceeding lamella; third maxilliped, when extended, reaching or exceeding tip of antennal scale; dorsal posterior margin of A3 produced as flattened, cap-like lobe.

Size Female: total length 35 mm.

Coloration Mostly transparent, with spots and bands of red on body and appendages. Rostrum with yellowish stripe running its length, body marked with red streaked with white and with gray-green patches

Synonyms Spirontocaris kincaidi Rathbun, 1902a

Remarks Heptacarpus kincaidi is commonly found with the anemone Cribrinopsis fernaldi

References from synonym: Rathbun, M.J., 1902a. Descriptions of new decapod crustaceans from the west coast of North America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 24: 885-905 Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Wicksten, M.K. 2012. Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces. Magnolia Press, Aukland, New Zealand. ------

HEPTACARPUS MOSERI (Rathbun, 1902) Alaskan Coastal Shrimp

Geographic Range Pribilof Islands, Bering Sea to Destruction Island, WA. The species was first collected on the British Columbia coast by the Albatross 1888, northwest of Cape Scott at 374 m.

Habitat intertidal to 1100 m.

Morphology Body moderately stout, compressed. Shell thick, surface smooth. Rostrum: long, exceeding antennular peduncle, with 5-8 dorsal and 1-7 ventral spines. Eye: moderate, cornea well developed, ridge on inner margin of stalk. Antennae: each peduncle segment with spine; stylocerite reaching end of first segment. Third maxilliped: segment 1 with epipod. Carapace spines: suborbital moderate, rounded; antennal strong; pterygostomian moderate or weak. Pereopods: P1 with epipod; P3-5 slender with spinose, bifid dactyls, merus of P3 with 0-3 spines; P4, with 3 spines; P5 with 0-3 spines. Abdominal somites: pleura of A1-3 rounded; A4-5 ending in posterolateral teeth. Telson: with 4-5 pair lateral spines; outer uropod longer than inner, both extend beyond telson.

Distinctions H. moseri is placed, with H. sitchensis in a group of coastal shrimps with a ventral spine on pleuron of A4, and an epipod on third maxilliped and P1. It is distinguished by ridge on inner surface of eyestalk; third maxilliped and pereopods that, when extended forward, overreach end of antennal scale considerably; rostrum with broad lower limb, armed normally with more ventral spines, more evenly spaced and smaller than on the other species. Size Female: total length 43 mm.

Coloration Translucent, banded and patched with red to red-orange or transparent striped with blue (Butler, color plate 6A).

Synonyms Spirontocaris moseri Rathbun, 1902a

References from synonym: Rathbun, M.J., 1902a. Descriptions of new decapod crustaceans from the west coast of North America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 24: 885-905 Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Wicksten, M.K. 2012. Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces. Magnolia Press, Aukland, New Zealand.

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HEPTACARPUS PALUDICOLA Holmes, 1900 Californian Coastal Shrimp

Geographic Range Tava Island, AK to San Diego, CA.

Habitat intertidal to 10 m

Morphology Body moderately stout, little compressed. Shell thin, surface smooth. Rostrum: moderately long, knife-like, slightly descending, tip acute. Eye: cornea well developed. Antennae: peduncle long, third segment subequal to second, dorsal distal spine on each of 3 segments; stylocerite moderately long; inner flagellum longer than outer, both extending beyond antennal scale; outer setiferous; scale about as long as telson, lamella exceeding spine slightly; basicerite with upper lateral pointed lob; lower strong spine; peduncle moderately long; flagellum shorter than body. Third maxilliped: moderately long, moderately stout; antepenultimate segment with outer lateral ridge and distal spine; distal segment setiferous; epipod present. Carapace spines: suborbital moderate, blunt tip; antennal strong; pterygostomian moderate. Pereopods: P1 shorter than third maxilliped, stout, chelate, epipod; P2 longer than 1, slender, chelate, epipod; P3 shorter than 2, stouter, dactylus moderately stout, with 5 spines; P4 shorter than 3, as stout, dactylus moderatelv stout with 5-6 spines and bifid. Abdomen: dorsal posterior margin of A3 projected moderately; posterolateral margins of A4-5 recessed at articular knobs; pleuron of A4 with weak ventral spine; A5 with strong posterolateral spine; A6 with moderate posteroventral spine and weak spine above. Telson: moderately wide, tapering to acute tip with 4 or 5 pairs dorsolateral spines; uropods about equal, both as long as or slightly shorter than telson.

Distinctions Distinguished from other coastal shrimps, with a ventral spine on pleuron of A4, by epipods on P1-2; antennal scale about as long as telson; pterygostomian spine present; rostrum almost reaching tip of antennal scale. Size Males: total about 20 mm; females: total 32 mm.

Coloration Specimens taken in Brentwood Bay among algae on the edge of a float, were transparent, carapace diagonally striped with fine red spots; legs banded with pale blue. In California, the color was noted as uniform green, with broken red-brown stripes on carapace.

References original description: Holmes, S.J., 1900. Synopsis of California stalk-eyed Crustacea. Occasional papers of the California Academy of Sciences 7: 1-262, Plates 1-4 Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Wicksten, M.K. 2012. Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces. Magnolia Press, Aukland, New Zealand.

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HEPTACARPUS PUGETTENSIS Jensen, 1983 Puget Coastal Shrimp

Geographic Range Alki Point, Seattle, Washington to Hazard Reef, near Morro Bay, California. Type locality Alki Point, Washington.

Habitat Low intertidal zone, clinging to undersides of large rocks.

Morphology Rostrum: rarely overreaching eye, not reaching end of first segment of antennular peduncle, with 3-5 dorsal and 0-2 ventral teeth. Antennae: peduncle first segment of with ventromesial and dorsolateral spines; second and third segments also each with spine; stylocerite extending past first segment. Third maxilliped: with epipod. Pereopods: P1-2 with epipod; P3-5 strong, with spinose dactyls, merus of P3, with 3 spines; P4 with 2 spines; P5 with 1-0 spines. Abdomen: pleura of A1-3 rounded; A4 with weak to moderate tooth; A5 with point. Telson: with 3-5 pair dorsolateral spines.

Size Total length to 21 mm. Coloration Carapace with alternating green and red bands, appendages with reddish brown bands, appearing overall dark green with white transverse bands and 3 large yellowish oval markings on abdomen.

References original description: Jensen, G.C., 1983. Heptacarpus pugettensis, a new hippolytid shrimp from Puget Sound, Washington. Journal of Crustacean Biology 3: 314-320 Wicksten, M.K. 2012. Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces. Magnolia Press, Aukland, New Zealand.

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HEPTACARPUS SITCHENSIS (Brandt, 1851) Sitka Coastal Shrimp, Large-Eyed Coastal Shrimp

Geographic Range Resurrection Bay, Alaska to Yaquina Bay, Oregon; Duxbury Reef, Marin County, California to Punta Banda, Baja California, Mexico. Type locality Sitka, Alaska.

Habitat Tidepools, docks, among algae and rocks, rarely to 12 m

Morphology Body slender, little compressed. Shell thin, surface smooth. Rostrum barely exceeding length of antennular peduncle, with 4-8 dorsal teeth and 0-5 ventral teeth. Eye: very large, stalk stout, ocellus conspicuous, tip of cornea reaching distal half of rostrum. Antennae: each segment of peduncle with sharp spine; stylocerite reaching or exceeding end of first segment. Third maxilliped: with epipod. Carapace spines: suborbital weak, rounded; antennal moderate to strong; pterygostomian absent. Pereopod: P1-2 with epipod; P3-5 stout, with spinose, bifid dactyls, merus of P3 with 0-9 spines; P4 with 0-5 spines; P5 with 0-5 spines. Abdomen: pleura of A1-3 rounded; A4-5 with posterolateral tooth. Telson: with 4-5 pairs dorsolateral spines.

Distinctions Absence of pterygostomian spine and curved propodi of P3-P5. Size Male: total length 16 mm; female: total length 28 mm.

Coloration Variable: translucent, striped with brown and white, longitudinally striped with tan along dorsal mid-line, green, green with white carapace, or nearly black.

Synonyms Heptacarpus littoralis Butler, 1980 Hippolyte picta Stimpson, 1871 Hippolyte sitchensis Brandt, 1851

References from synonym: Brandt, J.F., 1851. Krebse. In: Middendorff, A.T. von, Reise in den äussersten Norden und Osten Sibiriens während der Jahre 1843 und 1844 mit allerhöchster Genehmigung auf Veranstaltung der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St. Petersburg ausgeführt und in Verbinding mit vielen Gelehrten herausgegeben, 2 (Theil 1): 77-148, Plates 5-6. St. Petersburg Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Wicksten, M.K. 2012. Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces. Magnolia Press, Aukland, New Zealand. HEPTACARPUS STIMSONI Holthuis, 1947 Stimpson’s Coastal Shrimp

Geographic Range Sheep Bay, AK to San Diego, CA; The earliest known capture of H. stimpsoni in British Columbia waters was by the William J. Stewart, 1934 in Nootka Sound.

Habitat Intertidal to 73 m. H. stimpsoni in California is stated to be generally sublittoral, occasionally in the low intertidal of rocky coasts, among eelgrass, or among algae on pilings.

Morphology Body moderately stout, little compressed. Shell thin, surface smooth. Rostrum: short, about 0.7 carapace length, knife-like, ascending, tip acute. Carapace spines: suborbital moderate, rounded; antennal moderate; pterygostomian weak to moderate. Eye: moderate, cornea well developed, ridge on inner surface of stalk. Antennae: peduncle long, third segment longer than second, dorsal distal spine on both segments, dorsal distal spinules on first segment; stylocerite moderately long; inner flagellum almost double length of outer, latter barely exceeds antennal scale; scale about as long as telson, spine exceeding lamella slightly; basicerite with upper lateral pointed lobe, lower moderate spine; peduncle moderately long; flagellum as long as body. Third maxilliped: long, moderately stout; outer lateral ridge on antepenultimate segment; epipod present. Pereopods: P1 shorter than M3, stout, chelate, epipod; P2 longer than 1, slender, carpus with 7 segments, chelate; P3 longer than 2, stouter, dactylus slender with 4 or 5 spines; P4 slightly shorter than 3, as stout, dactylus slender with 5 spines; P5 shorter than 4, as stout, dactylus slender with 5 spines. Abdomen: dorsal posterior margin of A3 projected moderately; pleuron of A4 with weak to moderate ventral spine; posterolateral margins of A4-5 widely recessed at articular knobs; strong posterolateral spine on A5; A6 shorter than telson, with moderate posteroventral spine, strongly flared. Telson: narrow, tapering abruptly to acute tip, 3 pairs dorsolateral spines; inner and outer uropods about same length, both reaching or exceeding telson. Male, body more slender, rostrum shorter and more slender, chela of P1 with dactylus and fixed finger longer than palm.

Distinctions Separated from other coastal shrimps with a ventral spine on pleuron of A4; by epipods on P1-3; slender dactyli of P3-5, <1/2 lengths of their propodi, without tips; rostrum normally with ventral spines.

Size Males: total 23 mm; females: total 32 mm.

Synonyms Hippolyte cristata Stimpson, 1860a

References original description: Holthuis, L.B., 1947a. The Decapoda of the Siboga Expedition. Part IX. The Hippolytidae and Rhynchocinetidae collected by the Siboga and Snellius expeditions with remarks on other species. Siboga Expeditie 39a8: 1-100 Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Wicksten, M.K. 2012. Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces. Magnolia Press, Aukland, New Zealand. ------

HEPTACARPUS STYLUS (Stimpson, 1864) Stiletto Coastal Shrimp

Geographic Range Chichagof Island, AK to Puget Sound. First collected in BC waters by J. K. Lord in Esquimalt Harbour in 1862, and recorded as a new species, Hippolyte esquimaltiana Bate.

Habitat intertidal to 439 m.

Morphology Body moderately stout, little compressed abdomen deeper than carapace. Shell thin, surface smooth. Rostrum: moderately long, 1.1-1.4 carapace length, styliform, a little arched over eye, horizontal, tip acute. Eye: small, cornea well developed. Antennae: peduncle moderately long, third segment subequal to second, dorsal distal spine on each of second and third segments; stylocerite short; inner flagellum about twice length of outer, former exceeds antennal scale, outer setiferous; scale longer than telson, lamella exceeding spine considerably; basicerite, with upper lateral lobe, and lower strong spine; peduncle short; flagellum longer than body. Third maxilliped: short, moderately stout with epipod. Carapace spines: suborbital moderate, rounded; antennal strong. Pereopods: P1about as long as M3, stout, chelate; P2 longer than 1, slender, carpus has 7 segments, widens distally, chelate; P3 longer than 2, a little stouter, dactylus stout with 4 spines; P4 shorter than 3, as stout, dactylus stout with 4 spines; P5 slightly shorter than 4 as stout, dactylus stout with 4 spines. Abdomen: most of ventral margins of pleura of A1-2 straight or slightly concave; anterior dorsal parts of A2-3 with short, faint transverse sulci; posterolateral margins of A4-5 widely recessed at articular knobs; fifth with strong posterolateral spine; A6 slender, shorter than telson, with moderate posteroventral spine and lobe above. Telson narrow, tapering to rounded tip, 3 pairs dorsolateral spines; inner uropod reaching end of telson, outer longer, exceeds telson slightly.

Distinctions Distinguished from other coastal shrimps lacking a ventral spine on pleuron of A4, and without an epipod on any pereopod, by absence of pterygostomian spine, relatively small eyes, and short, faint transverse sulcus on each of anterior dorsal surfaces of A2-3. Size Males: total 40 mm; females: total 57 mm.

Coloration Background pale amber; fine olive-brown dots cover carapace fairly evenly, also most of abdomen, except lower parts of first, second, third, and fifth pleura; dorsal spines on rostrum and carapace light green; pattern of blue spots, 6 on lateral surface of carapace, 2 on A1, 1 near posterior margin of A2, 3 fine dots in line on eyestalk; pleopods, third maxilliped, and pereopods milkish, latter with stripes and spots of pale red amber mainly on proximal segments; same color on distal parts of telson and uropods; also eyestalk, antennal scale, and outer flagellum of antennule. Inner flagellum and antennal flagellum transparent. Occasionally, predominant coloration dark red or kelp brown, but pattern of blue spots the same (Butler, Plate 6B). In Parry Bay, in shallow water among brown algae Laminaria and Nereocystis and sea lettuce Ulva, transparent with kelp-brown tinge and varying amounts of fine red spotting

Synonyms Hippolyte esquimaltiana Spence Bate, 1864 Hippolyte stylus Stimpson, 1864

References from synonym: Stimpson, W., 1864. Descriptions of new species of marine Invertebrata from Puget Sound, collected by the naturalists of the North-West Boundary Commission, A.H. Campbell, Esq., Commissioner. Proceedings of Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1864:153-161 Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. HEPTACARPUS TAYLORI (Stimpson, 1857) Taylor Coastal Shrimp

Geographic Range Queen Charlotte Sound, British Columbia. Dillon Beach, California to Magdalena Bay, Baja California. Type locality Monterey, California.

Habitat Among algae, intertidal to 13 m .

Morphology Rostrum: very short, not reaching cornea of eye, with 5-6 dorsal and no ventral teeth. Antennae: second and third segments of peduncle each with spine; first segment with 3 spinules; stylocerite reaching to end of first segment. Third maxilliped: with epipods. Pereopods: P1-3 with epipods: P3-5 sturdy, with spinose bifid dactyls; merus of P3-5 with 1 spine each. Abdomen: pleura of A1-3 rounded; A4-5 with posterolateral teeth. Telson: with rounded tip, 3 pair dorsolateral spines. Males with heavier third maxillipeds than females.

Size Male: total length 25 mm: female: total length 32.

Coloration Highly variable, including red-brown, greenish with white carapace or mottled colors. Animals observed in San Mateo County, California included mottled brown ones, animals with a white carapace and a reddish brown abdomen, green ones with a mid-dorsal white stripe, and solid green ones. The shrimp are camouflaged like algae or sea grasses in their natural habitat.

Synonyms Hippolyte taylori Stimpson, 1857

References from synonym: Stimpson, W., 1857. On the Crustacea and Echinodermata of the Pacific shores of North America. Boston Journal of Natural History 6: 444-532, Plates 18-23 Wicksten, M.K. 2012. Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces. Magnolia Press, Aukland, New Zealand. HEPTACARPUS TENUISSIMUS Holmes, 1900 Slender Coastal Shrimp

Geographic Range Bird Island, Alaska to Santa Catalina Island, California. Type locality Puget Sound.

Habitat 2-137 m. Off San Francisco, California, the species was taken at 54-74 m on fine dark green sand.

Morphology Body slender, moderately compressed. Shell thin, surface smooth. Rostrum: moderately long, 1.3-1.4X carapace length, lower limb wider than upper, slightly ascending, tip acute with 4-5 dorsal and 4-8 ventral teeth; anteriormost dorsal tooth near middle of rostrum. Eye: moderate, cornea well developed. Antennae: peduncle moderately long, third segment subequal to second, dorsal distal spine on both; stylocerite moderately long; inner flagellum about twice length of outer, and as long as carapace; outer not reaching end of antennal scale, setiferous. Third maxilliped: without epipod. Carapace spines: suborbital moderate, rounded; antennal moderate to strong; pterygostomian moderate. Pereopods: no epipods on P3-5, slender, with spinose dactyls; merus of P3 with 3-4 spines; P4 with 4 spines; P5 with 2-3 spines. Abdomen: pleura of A1-4 rounded; A5 with strong tooth. Telson: with 4 pair dorsolateral spines.

Distinctions Separated from all other coastal shrimps by absence of epipod on each of third maxilliped and P1; also lacks ventral spine on pleuron of A4. Other characters are antennal scale longer than telson, and slender A6.

Size Male: total length 36 mm; female: total length 43 mm.

Coloration Mostly translucent, with horizontal red line running from antennal scale to tip of tail fan; appendages marked with red.

Synonyms Hippolyte amabilis Lenz, 1901 Hippolyte gracilis Stimpson, 1864

References original description: Holmes, S.J., 1900. Synopsis of California stalk-eyed Crustacea.— Occasional papers of the California Academy of Sciences 7: 1-262, Plates 1-4 Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Wicksten, M.K. 2012. Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces. Magnolia Press, Aukland, New Zealand. ------

HEPTACARPUS TRIDENS (Rathbun, 1902) Threespine Coastal Shrimp

Geographic Range Aleutian Islands to Cape Flattery, WA. First taken in British Columbia waters by the Albatross 1889, east of Victoria at 88 m . Habitat intertidal to 110 m.

Morphology Body slender, moderately compressed. Shell thin, surface smooth. Rostrum: moderately long, about 1.3X carapace length, lower limb wider than upper, ascending, tip acute. Eye: moderate, cornea well developed, ridge on inner margin of stalk, tubercle on outer margin. Antennae: peduncle short, third segment shorter than second, distal spines on both segments; stylocerite moderately long; inner flagellum over twice length of outer, latter not reaching end of antennal scale (in female); scale about as long as carapace, narrow, lamella exceeding spine considerably; basicerite with upper lateral lobe and lower strong spine; peduncle short; flagellum longer than body. Third maxilliped: moderately long, moderately stout with epipod. Carapace spines: suborbital strong, rounded; antennal moderate to strong; pterygostomian very weak. Pereopods: P1 shorter than M3, stout, chelate; P2 longer than 1, slender, carpus has 7 segments, chelate; P3 slightly longer, stouter than 2, dactylus moderately stout with 4-5 spines; P4 slightly longer than 3, as stout, dactylus moderately stout with 4 spines; P5 as long as 4, as stout, dactylus moderately stout with 4 spines. Abdomen: dorsal posterior half of A3 carinated, and produced posteriorly as conspicuous hump; short, deep, wide groove on each side of carina; posterolateral margins of A4-5 markedly recessed at articular knobs; A5 with moderate posterolateral spine; A6 slender, as long as telson, with moderate posteroventral spine. Telson: narrow, tapering to acute tip with 3 pairs of dorsolateral spines; inner uropod shorter than outer, both reach or exceed tip of telson. Male, outer antennular flagellum reaches to end or beyond end of antennal scale.

Distinctions Distinguished from other coastal shrimps, which also lack ventral spine on pleuron of A4 and epipods on any pereopods, by fewer dorsal teeth on rostrum and carapace (2-4, normally 3), groove on each side of dorsal carina of A3, and antennal scale longer than carapace. Size Males: total 42 mm; females: total about 61 mm.

Coloration Body transparent, very fine blue and red spots arranged to give a striped appearance; third maxillipeds red. Antennal flagellum banded with red

Synonyms Spirontocaris tridens Rathbun, 1902a

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HIPPOLYTE CLARKI Chace, 1951 Kelp Humpback Shrimp

Geographic Range Sheep Bay, AK to Puget Sound; Santa Catalina Island. CA; First taken in British Columbia waters in Barkley Sound, by shore collecting from Albatross, 1888.

Habitat intertidal to 30.5 m

Morphology Body slender and moderately compressed. Shell thin. surface smooth. Rostrum: moderately long, 1.2-1.4X carapace length. slightly arched over eyes, rest ascending; tip normally trifid. Eye: moderate, cornea well developed. Antennae: peduncle long, third segment about third length of second; stylocerite short, tip acute; inner flagellum longer than outer, both reach or exceed tip of rostrum; scale longer than A6, both margins slightly concave; lamella greatly exceeds spine; basicerite has upper lateral lobe and lower strong spine; peduncle short; flagellum about body length. Third maxilliped: short, slender with exopod. Carapace spines: supraorbital strong, suborbital obtuse, antennal moderate, branchiostegal strong, well behind anterior margin. Pereopods: P1 longer than M3, stout, chelate; P2 longer than 1, slender: carpus with 3 segments, proximal longer than other 2, chelate; P3 longer than 2, slender; merus has 2-5 spines, carpus has 1 spine; P5 as long as 4, slender. Abdomen: dorsal posterior margin of A3 produced moderately; posterolateral margins of A4-5 recessed deeply at articular knobs; A6 almost twice length of 5, slender, posteroventral angle obtuse. Telson: shorter than A6, moderately wide, tapering to rounded tip, 2 pairs dorsolateral spines; uropods longer than telson, outer slightly longer than inner. Male: Differs from female mainly as rostrum more slender, shorter, carapace length, more arched over eyes, less pronounced tip; eye extends forward more; third maxilliped and pereopods longer.

Distinctions H. clarki is the only local shrimp having the carpus of P2 with 3 segments, as well as both supraorbital and branchiostegal spines.

Size Males: total about I8 mm; females: total 31 mm.

Coloration Green over most of body, including rostrum, basal segments of antennule and antenna, and pleopods; distal parts of both uropods pinkish; pereopods mainly translucent; chelae of P1-2, dactyli and propodi of P4-5, antennal scale, and cornea of eye pinkish (Butler Plate 3A).

Remarks This shrimp occurs on eelgrass where it clings lengthwise on the blade, and between fronds of kelp, Nereocystis

References original description: Chace, F.A.Jr., 1951. The grass shrimps of the genus Hippolyte from the west coast of North America. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41: 35-39. Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. ------

LEBBEUS ACUDACTYLUS Jensen, 2006 Lebbeid Shrimp

Geographic Range Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska. Included in this key because chances are good that specimens will be collected from BC waters.

Habitat 150-170 m

Morphology Integument smooth, somewhat thick. Rostrum: moderately long, horizontal, 0.45–0.60 carapace length, greatly exceeding cornea and basal article of antennular peduncle and sometimes exceeding second article. Eye: diameter 0.17–0.2 carapace length; cornea pigmented and slightly dilated; ocellus present. Third maxilliped: exceeding end of antennal scale by about half the length of the ultimate article and tipped with nine apical and subapical corneous spinules; mesial margins of ultimate and penultimate articles densely setose. Hooked epipod present. Carapace and rostrum: with 4-5 dorsal teeth, three postorbital; rostrum with 1-3 ventral teeth. Supraorbital spine moderate, suborbital and antennal spines strong, pterygostomian spine distinct. Pereopods: P1’s equal, chelate, dactyl 0.36-0.45 propodus length, antennal cleaning brushes on propodus and carpus, coxa with hooked epipod; P2s equal, chelate, dactyl 0.40-0.45 propodus length, coxa with hooked epipod; P3 dactyl with corneous, bifid tip preceded by 3-5 spinules on flexor margin; P4-5 similar to 3 but decreasing in size, P5 with propodal grooming brush. Abdomen: smooth, pleura of A1-4 rounded; pleura of A4-5 with posteroventral spines. Telson: 1.5-1.6 times length of A6, with 3-4 pairs of dorsolateral spinules and 14-15 terminal spinules. Size female: 9.6 mm

Coloration Carapace and abdomen marked with bright yellow bands with red margins. First carapace band somewhat oblique, angling back from behind orbit; second band at rear of carapace. First band on abdomen at third segment, second band crossing bases of uropods. Distal half of telson yellow, as are the eyestalks and the lateral flagella of the first antennae. Walking legs unbanded, pink; antennal flagellum clear with dark red bands.

Remarks A complete description is available in Jensen(2006)

References Jensen, G.C., 2006. Three new species of Lebbeus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Hippolytidae) from the northeastern Pacific. Zootaxa, 2006

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LEBBEUS CATALEPSIS Jensen, 1987 Cataleptic Lebbeid

Geographic Range Straight of Juan de Fuca, between Sekiu and Neah Bay, Washington

Habitat low (0.3 m) intertidal

Morphology Body: Integument thick, surface smooth; plumose setae on carapace and abdomen, much more numerous in males. Rostrum: extremely reduced, composed of a short, sharp spine less than 0.l carapace length. Eye: large, with pigmented, faceted cornea; eyestalk with dorsal plumose setae. Antennae: peduncle basal article with small ventromesial spine; stylocerite somewhat blunt, curved dorsally, and reaching third article; dorsolateral flagellum proximally composed of 20-22 thickened segments; distal portion minute, slender, with only 3-4 segmems; ventromesial flagellum shorter, slender; composed of 11-18 segrnents; scale about twice as long as wide in females and more than 2.9 times in males; outer margin very concave in males, only slightly in females. Tip of spine curved mesially, not exceeding lamella. Flagellum slender, about equal to total body length. Third maxilliped: stout, dorsal surface with clusters of plumose setae; ultimate article tipped with 6 strong, corneous spines; coxa with epipod. Carapace: with 2-3 curved dorsal spines in males, 3-4 in females; supraorbilal spines extremely large; suborbital lobe bluntly pointed in dorsal view. Antennal and pterygostomian spines strong, sharp. Pereopods: P1 chelate, equal, dactyl corneous, coxa with epipod; P2 long, slender, chelate, coxa with epipod; P3 very stout, dactyls bifid, preceded by three corneous spines on flexor margin, with some tufts of plumose setae, merus with large cluster of plumose setae on dorsal, distal margin, coxa with epipod; P4-5 similar to 3 but decreasing in size and lacking epipods. Abdomen: somites lacking carinae; dorsal surface of A2 with deep transverse sulcus; pleura of A1-4 of female somewhat rounded; males generally more angular but not sharply pointed; pleuron of A6 strongly produced posteriorly in both sexes; pleura of A1-6 tipped with clusters of plumose setae, increasing in number and size from anterior to posterior somites and more developed in males; A6 with large posteroventral spine; ventral surface with median process tipped with spines and plumose setae. Telson: 1.2-l.5 times longer than A6, armed with 2 pairs of dorsolateral spines; tip of telson with two pairs of stout, terminal spines and produced into a blunt spinous process mesially; three pairs of plumose setae between spines and mesial lobe, inner pair longest. Uropods equal in length, slightly exceeding telson; exopods with concave outer margins ending in a large lateral spine and small inner spine. Basal section of uropods blunt, tipped with setae.

Distinctions The extremely short rostrum, composed of a simple spine, easily distinguishes Lebbeus catalepsis from all other species of Lebbeus in the Pacific northwest

Size Male: carapace length 4.1 mm: female: carapace length 4.2 mm

Coloration Male Lebbeus catalepsis are frequently transparent with a greenish yellow cast; some blotches of brown, orange, pink, or white may also be present. The legs and antennae are generally banded with brown. Females are extremely variable, ranging from olive brown to a bright pinkish purple matching coralline algae common in their habitat. The carapace and abdomen may be either a solid color or mottled, or may be a combination of colors and transparent areas. There is usually a white or transparent “saddle" near the cardiac region and extending through the first or first and second abdominal somites. The pleura of female specimens are usually strongly pigmented, rather than transparent as in the males. This coloration may serve to camouflage developing embryos, as suggested for other hippolytid shrimp.

Remarks Lebbeus catalepsis is found in the low intertidal zone in rocky, wave-washed areas of the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Specimens were captured by scraping the sides and edges of large rocks with a net, and were most frequently encountered in channels lying parallel to the water’s edge. The species was easily distinguished in the field by its defensive “cataleptic“ position (Butler 1980), not commonly observed in other intertidal species in the region. Other species of hippolytids taken in the same area included Heptacarpus carinatus, H. brevirostris, H. pugettensis, and Spirontocaris prionata. Captive animals rarely move and cling tightly to any available substrate, probably an adaptation to the high energy environments in which they are found. They react strongly to the approach of another individual and repeatedly strike them with rapid movements of the second antennae; this results in the immediate departure of the other shrimp.

References Jensen, G.C., 1987. A new species of the genus Lebbeus (Caridea: Hippolytidae) from the northeastern Pacific. Southern California Academy of Sciences Bulletin 86: 89-94

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LEBBEUS ELUDUS Jensen, 2006 Elusive Lebbeid

Geographic Range Banks Island, Hecate Strait, British Columbia, Canada to Burrows Channel, Anacortes, Washington, USA

Habitat from 5–20 m.

Morphology Integument smooth, thick. Rostrum: short, horizontal or descending, 0.31–0.48 carapace length; usually slightly exceeding cornea and reaching 0.66–0.75 length of first article of antennular peduncle; lacking dorsal teeth(rarely with one tooth) and usually with one ventral, subterminal tooth. Eye: cornea pigmented, round and subequal in diameter to cylindrical stalk; ocellus present. Antennae: peduncle basal article with 3-4 distal, dorsal spines and a strong subdistal, ventromesial spine; stylocerite reaching to middle or end of second article; basicerite with rounded dorsal lobe and blunt ventrolateral spine; antennal scale lateral margin straight. Third maxilliped: with 8-9 apical and subapical corneous spinules and slightly exceeding antennal scale; mesial margins of ultimate and penultimate articles densely setose; antepenultimate article with strong distal spinule on lateral margin and small, subdistal, ventrolateral spinule; hooked epipod present. Carapace: with two postorbital dorsal teeth, the anteriormost smaller and usually obscured in lateral view by the supraorbital spine; supraorbital spine massive, with very deep ventral notch; suborbital and antennal spines strong; anterolateral margin extremely convex; pterygostomian spine distinct. Pereopods: P1 equal, chelate, propodus and carpus with antennal cleaning brushes, coxa with hooked epipod; P2 equal, chelate, coxa with hooked epipod; P3 dactyl with corneous, bifid tip, coxa with hooked epipod; P4-5 similar to third, but lacking epipods and decreasing in size; P5 with propodal grooming brush. Abdomen: smooth except for deep, dorsal, transverse furrow on A2; dorsal posterior margin of A3 strongly produced. Pleuron of A1 with slight anterior lobe,ventral margin rounded; pleura of A2-3 rounded; pleura of A4-5 with posteroventral spines, spine on fourth sometimes obsolescent in larger specimens. A6 1.3-1.6 times length of A5. Telson: 1.2–1.38 length of A6, with 3-5 pairs of dorsolateral spinules; tip with three pairs of terminal spinules, outermost similar to dorsolateral series, innermost pair with setules; margin of telson with long dorsomesial plumose setae. Uropods subequal in length, both exceeding telson.

Size Male: postorbital carapace length 6.9 mm

Coloration Carapace and abdomen a uniform reddish orange with scattered, minute white dots; carapace occasionally with 4-5 faint white or pale blue oblique lines. Appendages reddish with no banding. At night the entire shrimp fades to pale pink or lavender.

Remarks The specific name refers to the very evasive behavior of this shrimp. The common name “elusive lebbeid” is suggested(Jensen, 2006)

References Jensen, G.C., 2006. Three new species of Lebbeus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Hippolytidae) from the northeastern Pacific. Zootaxa, 2006 LEBBEUS GRANDIMANUS (Brazhnikov, 1907) Candy-striped Shrimp

Geographic Range Bering Sea, Commander Islands, Pribilof Islands to San Juan Islands, WA and Race Rocks; Okhotsk Sea; Sea of Japan, to Peter the Great Bay. The species was first caught on the west coast of Canada by Investigator N0.1, at Entry Point, 27 m, 1961, and recorded as L. polaris.

Habitat 6-180 m

Morphology Body moderately stout, little compressed. Shell thin, surface smooth. Rostrum: moderately long, 0.6-0.9 carapace length, knife-like, horizontal, tip acute. Eye: large, cornea well developed. Antennae: peduncle long, third segment as long as or longer than second, each of 3 segments with dorsal distal spine; stylocerite moderately long; outer flagellum exceeds antennal scale by about half its length, inner a little longer; scale shorter than telson, lamella exceeds spine slightly; basicerite with upper lateral lobe, lower strong spine; peduncle moderately long; flagellum shorter than body. Third maxilliped: long, moderately stout; lateral ridge on proximal segment; epipod. Carapace spines: supraorbital strong; suborbital strong, rounded, antennal moderate to strong, pterygostomian weak. Pereopods: P1 shorter than M3, stout, chelate, epipod; P2 longer than 1, slender, chelate, epipod; P3 longer than 2, stouter, dactylus moderately stout with 4-5 spines; P4 shorter than 3, as stout, dactylus moderately stout with 4-5 spines; P5 slightly shorter than 4, as stout, dactylus moderately stout with 3-5 spines. Abdomen: dorsal posterior margin of A3 produced moderately; posterolateral margins of A4-5 widely recessed at articular knobs; A5 with strong posterolateral spine; A6 shorter than telson, posteroventral spine strong, visibly flared. Telson tapering to rounded tip, dorsolateral spines in distal half, 7 or 9 ciliated distal spines inside pair of distolateral spines on each side; outer uropod attains tip of telson, inner shorter.

Distinctions If one examines this species when freshly caught, there is no doubt about its identity, as it is the most colorful shrimp known in local waters (Butler, Frontispiece). Distinguishing morphological characters are presence of epipods on third maxillipeds, and first and second pereopods; 7 or 9 ciliated distal spines inside pair of distolateral spines on each side of telson; antennal scale shorter than telson; rostrum normally extending to third segment of antennular peduncle; ventral spine of fourth abdominal pleuron normally absent, if present, spine weak and may occur on only one side.

Size Males: total 36 mm; females: total 45 mm.

Coloration Background of body pale milkish. Six main bands of yellow and red extend over dorsal and lateral surfaces as follows: 2 on carapace, 1 just posterior to orbit and across anterior dorsal spine, 1 at about posterior sixth of carapace, 1 on each of second, third, and fifth abdominal somites, 1 at joint of sixth somite and telson, that extends posteriorly along lateral margin of outer uropod. Distal part of telson, distal margins of both uropods, eyestalk, and outer margin of antennal scale also yellow and red. Five or 6 light blue solid or interrupted transverse lines are present: the most anterior, across basal part of antennal scale and antennule, may not always occur; 2 on carapace between bands of yellow and red; 1 on each of first, third, and fifth somites; also 2 short longitudinal blue lines, converging posteriorly on dorsal surface of A6. Third maxilliped, pereopods, and flagella of antennule and antenna mainly yellow Synonyms Hetairus grandimana Bražnikov, 1907

References from synonym: Bražnikov, V., 1907. Matériaux pour servir à la connaissance de la faune des mers russes de l’Est rassemblés par le schooner ”Storož” en 1899-1902 [in Russian].— Mémoires de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St-Pétersbourg. Classe des Sciences Physiques et Mathématiques (8) 20: i-ii, 1-185, unumbered Plate. Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. LEBBEUS GROENLANDICUS (Fabricius, 1775) Spiny Lebbeid

Geographic Range Pacific: Chukchi Sea; Bering Sea to Puget Sound; Okhotsk Sea; Sea of Japan to Peter the Great Bay. Atlantic: Arctic coast of Canada; Greenland to Cape Cod. The first known record in British Columbia waters was a female dredged from shallow water in the Queen Charlotte Islands by Dawson in 1878.

Habitat 11-518 m.

Morphology Body stout, little compressed. Shell thick, surface finely pubescent on carapace, parts of abdomen. Rostrum: moderately long, 0.6-0.8 carapace length, slender, horizontal, including 4 large dorsal spines on carapace, tip acute. Eye: moderate, cornea well developed. Antennae: peduncle moderately long, second segment almost twice length of third, 2 dorsal distal spines on basal, single spine on second and third; stylocerite long; inner flagellum longer than outer, former overreaches antennal scale by third or more of its length, outer may or may not exceed scale; scale shorter than to longer than telson, wide, spine exceeds lamella; basicerite with 2 very strong lateral spines; peduncle moderately long; flagellum about as long as body, proximal flattening. Third maxilliped: long, moderately stout; proximal segment stouter distally, outer longitudinal ridge ending in strong distal spine, another strong spine more dorsally; epipod. Carapace spines and carinae: supraorbital very strong; suborbital moderate, rounded; antennal very strong, with supporting carina, extending as lateral carina, horizontal or ascending, with some flattening through hepatic region, almost to posterior margin of carapace where it is deflected ventrally; pterygostomian very strong, laterally flared, with slight supporting carina; lateral surface of carapace has depressed regions, between supraorbital and antennal spines, between antennal and pterygostomian spines, and ventral to posterior part of branchial carina. Pereopods: P1 shorter than third maxilliped, generally stouter, chelate, epipod; P2 longer than 1, slender, carpus has 7 segments, chelate, epipod; P3 about as long as 2, stouter, dactylus stout with 4-5 spines, epipod; P4 shorter than 3, as stout, dactylus stout with 3-6 spines: P5 shorter than 4, as stout, dactylus stout with 4-6 spines, bifid. Abdomen: A2 with transverse furrow extending from articular knob, adjacent posterior margin with little or no overhang; posterior margin of A3 produced moderately; ventral margins of pleura of A1-4 each with 1 large and 1-2 smaller spines; A5 pleuron has main spine in posteroventral position, smaller one located anteriorly; depressed areas on A1-5 pleura and anterior lateral surface on A6, generally below articular knobs, finely pubescent; posterolateral margins of A4-5 flared laterally, the latter more so; A6 shorter than telson, depressed, posteroventral spine strong, and lobe above, flared laterally. Telson: wide, tapering to rounded tip; wide median dorsal sulcus; posteriorly directed, fixed tubercle, bearing fine setae, fixed medially on dorsal proximal margin; 5-8 dorsolateral spines on each side; uropods about same length, may or may not exceed telson; fixed spine at posterolateral angle of outer uropod, sometimes reduced.

Distinctions Distinguished by 4 large dorsal spines on carapace; relatively slender rostrum, armed dorsally and ventrally; large supraorbital spine; 1 or 2 ventral spines (sometimes 3) on each of pleura of A1-5; long, stout stylocerite, reaching to third segment of antennular peduncle.

Size Males: total 58 mm; females: total 107 mm Synonyms Astacus groenlandicus Fabricius, 1775 Cancer aculeatus O. Fabricius, 1780 Hippolite armata Owen, 1839 Hippolite cornuta Owen, 1839 Spirontocaris groenlandica (Fabricius, 1775)

References from synonym: Owen, R., 1839. Crustacea. In: Beechey, F.W., The Zoology of Captain Beechey’s Voyage; Compiled from the Collections and Notes Made by Captain Beechey, the Officers and Naturalists of the Expedition, during a Voyage to the Pacific and Behring Straits Performed in His Majesty’s Ship Blossom, under the Command of Captain F.W. Beechey, R.N., F.R.S, &c, in the years 1825, 26, 27 and 28: 77-97, Plates 24-28. London. Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. LEBBEUS MUNDUS Jensen, 2006 Cleaner Lebbeid

Geographic Range Pribilof Islands, Alaska to Octopus Hole, Hood Canal, Washington

Habitat depths of 9-134 m

Morphology Integument smooth, fairly thick. Rostrum: short, 0.37–0.5 carapace length, barely exceeding cornea; lateral face with longitudinal carina extending from base of supraorbital spine to 0.31–0.64 rostrum length; usually lacking ventral teeth, rarely with a small subterminal tooth. Eye: somewhat pyriform; cornea pigmented, ocellus present. Antennae: peduncle basal article with 3-4 distal, dorsal spines and a strong subdistal, ventromesial spine; stylocerite reaching to middle or middorsal end of 2nd article of antennular peduncle; basicerite with rounded dorsal lobe and strong ventrolateral spine; antennal scale lateral margin straight, spine equal to or slightly exceeded by lamella; antennal flagellum 4.6-7.4 times carapace length. Third maxilliped; with 10-11 apical and subapical corneous spinules; mesial margins of ultimate and penultimate articles densely setose; distal margin of antepenultimate article with strong, subdorsal lateral spinule and smaller subventral spinule; epipod present. Carapace and rostrum: with 4(occasionally 5) dorsal teeth, only 1–2 on carapace; females usually with dorsal carina extending 0.85–0.96 carapace length; carina not present in males; supraorbital spine very strong, with deep V-shaped notch ventrally; dorsal margin sometimes continuing as subdorsal carina in females only, 0.3–0.8 carapace length; suborbital in the form of a strong, rounded lobe; antennal spine strong and sharp with deep notch ventrally; anterolateral margin strongly convex; pterygostomian spine distinct. Females with lateral carina. Pereopods: P1 equal, chelate, reaching to about the distal third of the antennal scale, antennal cleaning brushes on propodus and carpus, coxa with hooked epipod; P2 equal, chelate, carpus with 7 segments, coxa with hooked epipod; P3 dactyl with corneous, bifid tip preceded by 3-4 spinules on flexor margin, coxa with hooked epipod; P4-5 similar to third but decreasing in size and lacking epipods; P5 with propodal grooming brush. Uropods: subequal, reaching to tip of longest telson spinules.

Size female: postorbital carapace length 7.2 mm,

Coloration Color pattern consistent but varying in intensity with habitat and sex, being brighter in females and in specimens collected from areas with more brightly encrusting organisms. Branchial region of carapace with irregular red spots; dorsal region with four short, narrow, evenly spaced electric blue bands. Abdomen with broad red bands separated by blue; telson and uropods reddish with no banding. Blue color tends to be faint or lacking in males. Walking legs reddish with widely spaced yellow bands; antennae orange, unbanded.

Remarks The Latin ‘mundus’ means clean, neat, or elegant, all terms appropriate for this shrimp given the cleaning behavior it exhibits and its attractive markings.

References Jensen, G.C., 2006. Three new species of Lebbeus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Hippolytidae) from the northeastern Pacific. Zootaxa, 2006 ------

LEBBEUS POLARIS (Sabine, 1824) Polar Lebbeid

Geographic Range Circumpolar species on the northern hemisphere. Atlantic: It can be found as far south as Shetland and Norway in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and Chesapeake Bay in the western parts. Pacific: It is common in the Bering Sea, Okhotsk Sea and as far south as British Colombia, Canada.

Habitat depth from 0-900 m, but is most common between 30-300. It occurs both on hard, sandy or muddy substrate.

Morphology Rostrum: virtually straight, or very slightly downcurved; 1-1.5 x length of antennular peduncle; normally five to seven dorsal teeth (rarely four, eight or nine), two or three of these being behind the posterior edge of the orbit; two to four ventral teeth (rarely one or five) Antennae: stylocerite acutely pointed, 0.66-0.75 x length of antennular peduncle, but may be slightly more in very large specimens; antennular peduncle with strong, anteriorly-directed spine on lateral border of two proximal segments; scaphocerite broad, outer border straight or very slightly concave in large specimens, apical spine not exceeding lamellar portion. Third maxilliped: with epipod. Carapace: somewhat globular in shape, with antennal and pterygostomian spines, plus 1supra-orbital spine. Pereopods: P1-2 with epipods; carpus of P2 with seven segments. Telson: normally with 8-11 pairs of lateral spines, but often with different numbers on each side varying from 5/4 to 11/12

Size total length to 90 mm, but more than 70 is rare.

Coloration The coloration is pale with strong red or orange markings. There are red and orange bands on legs. Synonyms Alphaeus polaris Sabine, 1824 Lebbeus orthorhynchus White, 1847

References from synonym: Sabine, E., 1824. Marine Invertebrate Animals. In: Parry, W.E., A Supplement to the Appendix of Captain Parry’s Voyage for the Discovery of a North-West Passage, in the Years 1819-20. Containing an Account of the Subjects of Natural History: ccixi-ccxl, Plates 1-2. John Murray, London Green, G., & T. H. Butler. 1988. Range extensions of three caridean shrimps to British Columbia waters. Royal British Columbia Museum Contributions to Natural Science 8:1-7.

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LEBBEUS SCHRENKI (Braznikov, 1907) Othotsk Lebbeid

Geographic Range Auke Bay, southeastern Alaska, to Passage Island, Strait of Georgia; Okhotsk Sea; Sea of Japan, to Peter the Great Bay. First known capture on the British Columbia coast was off Passage Island at 183 m, Dec. 11, 1963.

Habitat 12-183 m

Morphology Body moderately stout, shell thick, surface smooth. Rostrum: short, 0.3-0.5 carapace length, slender, slightly descending, tip acute. Eye: moderate, cornea well developed. Antennae: peduncle long, third segment subequal to second, each has dorsal distal spine, first segment with 3-4 widely separated dorsal distal spines; stylocerite reaching end of second segment; inner flagellum longer than outer, both extend beyond antennal scale by more than half their lengths, outer setiferous; scale about as long as telson, moderately wide, spine exceeds lamella slightly; peduncle moderately long. Third maxilliped: long, moderately stout; proximal segment with outer lateral ridge armed with about 10 spinules and spine at distal end; distal segment setiferous; epipod. Carapace spines: supraorbital very strong, may obscure part of rostral base; suborbital strong; antennal strong; pterygostomian moderate; lower anterior margin produced as broadly rounded lobe. Pereopods: P1 shorter than third maxilliped, stouter, chelate, epipod; P2 longer than 1, slender, carpus with 7 segments, chelate, epipod; P3 shorter than 2, dactylus stout with 4-5 spines, bifid, epipod; P4 shorter than 3, more slender, dactylus stout with 4-5 spines; P5 about as long as 4, more slender, dactylus stout with 4-5 spines. Abdomen: anterior lateral margin of pleuron of A1 lobed; A2 with deep dorsal transverse furrow, partly hooded by adjacent fold in shell; posterior margin of A3 produced moderately; posterolateral margins of A4-5 deeply recessed at articular knobs; pleuron A4 with weak ventral spine; A5 with posterolateral spine; A6 shorter than telson, stout, posteroventral spine moderate. Telson moderately wide tapering to rounded point with 6 distal spines and 3-4 pairs of dorsolateral spines; uropods about equal, and extended beyond telson.

Distinctions L.schrencki is distinguished from other lebbeids now known in local waters by 3 or 4 separate spines on dorsal distal margin of first segment of antennular peduncle; transverse furrow and fold on dorsal surface of second abdominal somite; and lobe on anterolateral margin of pleuron of first somite.

Size Males: total 30 mm; females: total 43 mm.

Synonyms Hetairus schrenki Bražnikov, 1907

Remarks This shrimp apparently is comparatively rare along the Canadian and Alaskan coasts, as well as in Asian waters. Near Auke Bay it was found on a bottom of sand to muddy silt, and on mud at 2 British Columbia localities.

References: from synonym: Bražnikov, V., 1907. Matériaux pour servir à la connaissance de la faune des mers russes de l’Est rassemblés par le schooner ”Storož” en 1899-1902 [in Russian].— Mémoires de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St-Pétersbourg. Classe des Sciences Physiques et Mathématiques (8) 20: i-ii, 1-185, unumbered Plate. Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada.

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LEBBEUS UNALSKENSIS (Rathbun, 1902) Lebbeid Shrimp

Geographic Range North of Unalaska, AK. Included in this key because specimens may have already been collected from BC waters(in RBCM collection, but unconfirmed identification)

Habitat depth 200-392 m

Morphology Rostrum: virtually straight, or very slightly downcurved; 1-1.5 x length of antennular peduncle; normally five to seven dorsal teeth (rarely four, eight or nine), two or three of these being behind the posterior edge of the orbit; two to four ventral teeth (rarely one or five) Eye: large, pyriform Antennae: stylocerite acutely pointed, 0.66-0.75 x length of antennular peduncle, but may be slightly more in very large specimens; antennular peduncle with strong, anteriorly directed spine on lateral border of two proximal segments; scaphocerite broad, outer border straight or very slightly concave in large specimens, apical spine not exceeding lamellar portion. Third maxilliped: with epipod. Carapace: somewhat globular in shape, with antennal and pterygostomian spines, plus one supra-orbital spine. Pereopods: P1-2 with epipods. Abdomen: A3 posterior portion very prominent; A6 1.6x length of A5.

Size female: total length 60 mm

Synonyms Hetairus brevipes Kobjakova, 1936a Hetairus unalaskensis var. japonica Kobjakova, 1936a Hetairus unalaskensis var. ochotensis Kobjakova, 1936a Spirontocaris unalaskensis Rathbun, 1902a

References from synonym: Kobjakova, Z.I., 1936a. Zoogeographical review of the Decapoda fauna from the Okhotsk Sea and the Sea of Japan [in Russian].— Trudy Lendingradskogo Obschestva Estesvoipytatelei 65: 185-228 Rathbun, M.J., 1902. Descriptions of new decapod crustaceans from the west coast of North America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 24: 885-905

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LEBBEUS WASHINGTONIANUS (Rathbun, 1902) Slope Lebbeid

Geographic Range Anthony Island, Queen Charlotte Islands to Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California. Type locality off Sea Lion Rock, Washington.

Habitat Steep areas and trenches of the continental slope, 820-1808 m.

Morphology Body slender, somewhat compressed; shell thin, surface smooth. Rostrum: slender, reaching end of first segment of antennular peduncle, with 4-5 dorsal and 2-3 ventral teeth. Eye large, cornea well developed. Antennae: peduncle with dorsal spine on each segment; stylocerite not reaching end of first segment; flagella each twice length of carapace. Third maxillipeds: long, moderately stout, basal third of proximal segment very slender; epipod. Carapace with supraorbital, suborbital, antennal and weak pterygostomial teeth. Pereopods: P1-3 with epipods. P3-5 long and slender, dactyls slender and spinose; merus of P3, with 5 spines; P4, with 4 spines; P5 with 1 spine. Abdomen: pleura of A1-31-3 rounded; A4 with weak ventral teeth; A5 with strong tooth. Telson with 4-6 pair dorsolateral spines and acute tip.

Distinctions L. washingtonianus is distinguished by a supraorbital spine; a long antennular peduncle almost overreaching the end of the antennal scale; first segment of antennular peduncle with dorsal distal, bifurcated or trifurcated spine; epipods on P1-3; pereopods when extended forward, overreach end of antennal scale considerably.

Size Males: total 43 mm; females: total 39 mm

Synonyms Spirontocaris washingtoniana Rathbun, 1902a

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SPIRONTOCARIS ARCUATA Rathbun, 1902 Rathbun’s Bladed Shrimp

Geographic Range Canadian Arctic; Chukchi Sea; Gulf of Anadyr to Juan de Fuca Strait; Okhotsk Sea; Sea of Japan, Maritime Territory; 5-641 m. First collected in BC waters by the Albatross, Race Rocks at 146 m, in 1891

Habitat Depth range: 5-641 m; on sand, mud and small rocks

Morphology Body stout, little compressed. Shell thick, surface smooth. Rostrum: moderately long approaching carapace length, arising from broad base, outer part as broad blade, upper limb narrower than convex lower limb, midrib extended upward as strong spine to extremity, including 4 or 5 large dorsal spines arising from prominent median carina. Eye: moderate, cornea well developed, process on inner margin of stalk. Antennae: stylocerite long, at least exceeding second segment; inner flagellum longer than outer, both overreach lamella of antennal scale, outer setiferous; scale shorter than telson, spine arising from outer thickened portion, and exceeds lamella Third maxilliped(Mxp3): moderately long, stout; exceeds length of antennular lamina; proximal segment with strong distal spine, distal setiferous, exopod, epipod. Carapace spines: 2 supraorbitals widely spaced, upper larger; suborbital moderate, lobed; antennal strong with supporting carina; pterygostomian moderate. Pereopod: P1 shorter than Mxp3, stouter, chelate, epipod; P2 longer than 1, slender, carpus has 7 segments, epipod; P3 has epipod. Abdomen: pleura A1-3 with ventral margins rounded, dorsal posterior margin of A3 with pronounced rounded lobe; A4-5 each with posterolateral margin widely recessed at articular knob; ventral margin of fourth pleuron with moderate spine; A5 with moderate posterolateral spine; A6 shorter than telson, stout, with moderate posteroventral spine Telson moderately wide, tapering to blunt tip, 4-5 pairs dorsolateral spines; uropods about equal, and as long or longer than telson. Male: midrib of rostrum more steeply ascending, upper limb broader; also body more slender.

Distinctions Separated from other bladed shrimps with stout bodies and epipods on pereopods P1-3 by the following combination of characters: broadly rounded ventral margins of pleura of A1-3; dorsal margin of rostrum and carapace forming, in profile, a generally even convex line; deep bladed ascending rostrum, with lower limb generally projected anteriorly, and 3-4 spines on anterolateral (ventral) margin, below extremity of midrib; relatively short (about one third length of propodus), stout, dactyli of P3-5.

Size Males: total 22 mm; females: total 46 mm.

Coloration Mixture of red with chalk white and translucent white background; in some, entire carapace, abdomen and appendages completely white

References original description: Rathbun, M.J., 1902a. Descriptions of new decapod crustaceans from the west coast of North America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 24: 885-905 Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. SPIRONTOCARIS DALLI Rathbun, 1902 Dall Blade Shrimp

Geographic Range Alaska, but will probably be found in BC waters with more complete collections. Type locality: Coal Harbor, Unga Island, Alaska, 8 to 9 fathoms

Habitat 5 to 20 fathoms

Morphology Allied to S. ochotensis. Rostrum: longer, reaching nearly to end of antennal scale, midrib straighter, less sinuous, terminating in a single sharp spine; teeth 6 to 8 above, 3 to 4 below. Carapace: 2 supraorbital spines; dorsal spines anterior to midpoint. Pereopods: P3-5 longer and more slender than in S. ochotensis; epipods on P1-P3. Abdomen: A6 longer, being more than one and a half times as long as A5.

Size Female: approximate length 38 mm

References original description: Rathbun, M.J., 1902a. Descriptions of new decapod crustaceans from the west coast of North America.— Proceedings of the United States National Museum 24: 885-905

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SPIRONTOCARIS HOLMESI Holthuis, 1947 Slender Bladed Shrimp

Geographic Range Yes Bay, Alaska to San Diego, California. Type locality Puget Sound.

Habitat 24-485 m. Specimens from California come from mud or sand bottoms, usually at 150-300 m

Morphology Body slender, compressed. Shell thin, surface smooth. Rostrum: moderately deep, with distal styliform process bearing one subapical ventral tooth, 8-16 dorsal, 3-7 ventral teeth, 2 on carapace proper. Eye large, cornea well developed. Antennae: each segment of peduncle with dorsal spine; stylocerite reaching second segment. Third maxilliped: moderately long, stout; exopod; epipod. Carapace: with 2 supraorbital teeth. Pereopods: P1-2 with epipods; P3-5 long and slender, with long, simple dactyls, 0.5-0.6X length of propodi; merus of P3, with 6-7 spines; P4 with 5-8 spines; P5 with 4-5 spines. Abdomen: A1-4 pleura rounded; A5 with small tooth. Telson: with 3-4 pair dorsolateral spines, tip rounded; uropods about same length, reaching to tip of telson.

Distinctions Characterized by slender body; bladelike rostrum with styliform projection armed with solitary ventral spine; 2 widely spaced suborbital spines; presence of epipods on P1-2; mainly straight, or slightly concave, ventral margin of pleuron of A2. Size Male: total length to 44 mm; female: total length to 62 mm .

Coloration Body yellowish, with lines, bars, dots and patches of red

Synonyms Hippolyte bispinosa De Haan, 1844 Spirontocaris bispinosus Holmes, 1900

Remarks S. holmesi almost invariably forms part of the catches of dredge or shrimp trawl hauls made at 70 m and deeper in all coastal areas. Apparently it occurs most abundantly in 90-183 m

Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Wicksten, M.K. 2012. Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces. Magnolia Press, Aukland, New Zealand.

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SPIRONTOCARIS LAMELLICORNIS (Dana, 1852) Dana’s Bladed Shrimp

Geographic Range Commander Islands and Bering Sea to Santa Monica Bay, California. Rarely collected south of Point Conception, California. Type locality Dungeness, Straits of Juan de Fuca.

Habitat Sand to mud bottoms, 3-192 m. In California, most specimens were taken by trawling at 50-70 m.

Morphology Body stout, little compressed. Shell thick, surface smooth. Rostrum: deep, extending beyond antennular peduncle, with midrib extending as strong tooth; 9-23 dorsal and 1-3 ventral teeth including 4-5 large teeth on dorsal surface of carapace. Eye: moderate; cornea well-developped; tubercle on inner margin of stalk. Antennae: each segment of peduncle with distal spine; stylocerite exceeding length of peduncle. Third maxilliped(Mxp3): moderately long,stout; setiferous exopod; epipod. Carapace: with 2 supraorbital teeth. Pereopods: P1-3 with epipods; P3-5 with simple, curved dactyls; merus of P3 with 5-7 spines; P4, with 4 spines; P5 with 1-2 spines. Abdomen: pleura of A1-5 with sharp spines in most specimens, but becoming rounded in animals larger than 10 mm in carapace length. Telson: with 4 pair dorsolateral spines and acute tip; uropods same length as telson

Distinctions Rostrum horizontal with respect to the carapace, and normally with no spine on concave margin from pointed midrib to distal ventral spine; moderate median lobe on dorsal posterior margin of A4; long, slender dactyli of P3-5 that, to the unaided eye, appear devoid of spines.

Size Male: total length to 42 mm; female: total length to 63 mm

Coloration Variable. Dark brown, pereopods dark red to colorless, tail fan banded; milkish overlaid with fine red mottling interspersed with yellow and brown to black spots; milkish with sixth abdominal somite red to purplish (Butler, Plate 6D)

Synonyms Hippolyte lamellicornis Dana, 1852a

Remarks S. lamellicornis appears less common than S. holmesi and probably S. sica, but occurs more frequently along the entire British Columbia coast than other members of the genus S. lamellicornis has been caught by trawling on a sand to mud bottom at 3-130 m

References from synonym: Dana, J.D., 1852a. Conspectus crustaceorum quae in orbis terrarum circumnavigatione, Carol Wilkes e classe reipublicae foederatae duce, lexit e descripsit. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 6, 6-28. Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Wicksten, M.K. 2012. Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces. Magnolia Press, Aukland, New Zealand. ------

SPIRONTOCARIS OCHOTENSIS (Brandt, 1851) Oval Bladed Shrimp

Geographic Range Bering Sea to Kyuquot Sound, west coast of Vancouver Island; Okhotsk Sea; Sea of Japan, Hokkaido, northeastern Honshu to Onagawa Bay, to Peter the Great Bay.The first confirmed record on the BC coast was the collection of 4 specimens in Naden Harbour, 1955.

Habitat intertidal to 247 m

Morphology Body stout, compressed. Shell thick, surface smooth. Rostrum: moderately long, 0.7-0.9 carapace length, arising from broad base, outer part as broad oval blade, lower limb broader, tip bifid or trifid. Eye: moderate, cornea well developed, stalk with large rounded process on inner margin. Antennae: peduncle moderately long, second and third segments about equal, each with dorsal distal spine; stylocerite moderately long, knife-like; flagella about equal, both exceed antennal scale: scale shorter than telson, spine arising from wide outer thickened portion, as long as lamella; basicerite with upper lateral lobe and lower strong spine; peduncle short, flagellum as long as body. Third maxilliped: moderately long, stout; antepenultimate segment with moderate distal spine epipod, exopod. Carapace spines: 2 supraorbitals closely spaced, upper spine stronger; suborbital strong, pointed; antennal moderate; pterygostomian moderate. Pereopods: P1 shorter than M3, stout; chelate, epipod; P2 longer than 1, chelate, epipod; P3 longer than P2, epipod. Abdomen: dorsal posterior margin of A3 with pronounced projection; strong ventral spine on pleuron of A4; A5 with moderate posterolateral spine; A6 shorter than telson. Telson: moderately wide, tapering to acute tip with 4-5 pairs of lateral spines; I nner uropod longer than outer, and reaches, or exceeds, tip of telson.

Distinctions Separated from other bladed shrimps by ovoid rostrum barely reaching end of antennular peduncle; 2 supraorbital spines close to each other, and upper stronger; spine of antennal scale reaching end of lamella; and stout dactyli of P3-5, about 0.25 the length of their propodi. Size Males: total about 22 mm; females: total about 31 mm.

Synonyms Hippolyte ochotensis Brandt, 1851 Spirontocaris makarovi Kobjakova, 1936a Spirontocaris mororani Rathbun, 1902b Spirontocaris onagawaensis Yokoya, 1939

References from synonym: Brandt, J.F., 1851. Krebse. In: Middendorff, A.T. von, Reise in den äussersten Norden und Osten Sibiriens während der Jahre 1843 und 1844 mit allerhöchster Genehmigung auf Veranstaltung der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St. Petersburg ausgeführt und in Verbinding mit vielen Gelehrten herausgegeben, 2 (Theil 1): 77-148, Plates 5-6. St. Petersburg. Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada.

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SPIRONTOCARIS PRIONATA (Stimpson, 1864) Deep Bladed Shrimp

Geographic Range Nunivak Island and Bering Island, Bering Sea to Todos Santos Bay, Baja California, Mexico. Type locality Puget Sound. The species was first recorded in BC waters, dredged in Burrard Inlet, at an unknown depth, 1906.

Habitat Eelgrass beds, lower rocky intertidal zone, rocky subtidal areas, low subtidal areas to 163 m . Specimens from California usually were collected at depths of 30 m or less. Morphology Body stout, little compressed. Shell thick, surface of abdomen sparsely pubescent Rostrum: deep, extending beyond end of antennular peduncle, with 10-15 dorsal and 6-7 ventral teeth in male; 12-26 dorsal and 3-8 ventral teeth in female, 3-4 large serrate teeth on dorsal midline of carapace proper. Eye moderate, cornea well developed, stalk with pointed process on inner margin. Antennae: peduncle second and third segments each bearing spine; stylocerite reaching third segment of antennular peduncle. Third maxilliped; moderately long, stout; setiferous; l or 2 distal spines on proximal segment; exopod; epipod Carapace: with 3-4 supraorbital teeth. Pereopods: P1-3 with epipods; P3-5 stout, dactyls spinose and bifid; merus of P3 with 1-2 spines; P4, with 0-2 spines; P5 has 0-1 spine. Abdomen: pleura of A1-3 rounded; A4-5 pointed to sharp-tipped. Telson: with 4 pair dorsolateral spines and acute tip; inner uropod narrower and slightly longer than outer, both shorter than telson.

Distinctions Separated from other bladed shrimps, with epipods on P1-3, by deep-bladed rostrum armed with many uneven dorsal spines, 10-26 depending on sex; 3 or 4 large dorsal spines on carapace, each with minute spines on dorsal or anterior margin; and presence of 3-4 supraorbital spines. Another minor character is the lateral expansion of posterolateral margin of A5, visible in dorsal view.

Size Males: total 19 mm; females: total 28 mm.

Coloration Variable. Red-spotted with blue steaks; carapace and uropods olive, rest of body rufous. Carapace and rostrum china white, rest of body rusty red or green

Synonyms Hippolyte prionota Stimpson, 1864 Spirontocaris macrodonta J.F.L. Hart, 1930

References from synonym: Stimpson, W., 1864. Descriptions of new species of marine Invertebrata from Puget Sound, collected by the naturalists of the North-West Boundary Commission, A.H. Campbell, Esq., Commissioner. Proceedings of Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1864: 153-161 Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Wicksten, M.K. 2012. Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces. Magnolia Press, Aukland, New Zealand. ------

SPIRONTOCARIS SICA Rathbun, 1902 Dagger Bladed Shrimp

Geographic Range Restoration Bay, Burke Channel to between San Benito Islands and Cedros Island, Baja California, Mexico. Type locality Santa Barbara Channel, California. The species was first recorded from the British Columbia coast in 1964, on the basis of specimens in Trevor Channel at 110-135 m, 1954. Subsequent examination of specimens at the Pacific Biological Station revealed that S. sica had been collected in Howe Sound at 220 m, 1928.

Habitat 88-849 m. Most specimens from California were taken on rock, mud or gravel at 150-550 m.

Morphology Very similar to S. holmesi Body slender, somewhat compressed. Shell thin, surface smooth. Rostrum: somewhat shorter, without subapical ventral tooth; 9-15 dorsal and 3-8 ventral teeth, 2 closely spaced teeth on dorsal surface of carapace proper. Eye: large, cornea well developed. Antennae: peduncle long, third segment half length of second, dorsal distal spine on each; stylocerite moderately long, knifelike; inner flagellum longer than rostrum, outer extending beyond antennal scale slightly; scale slightly shorter than telson, lamella exceeds spine somewhat; basicerite, 2 lateral lobes; peduncle moderately long; flagellum longer than body. Third maxilliped: moderately long, moderately stout; exopod; epipod. Pereopods: P3-5 long and slender, with long, simple dactyls, about 0.3-0.4X length of propodi; merus of P3 w/ 5-9 spines; P4, w/ 5-8 spines; P5 w/ 3-7 spines. Telson: narrow, w/ 4 pairs dorsolateral spines, acute tip; uropods about same length, extending to tip of telson.

Distinctions Distinguished from other bladed shrimps by slender body; dagger-like rostrum with styliform projection without solitary ventral spine; broadly convex ventral margin of pleuron of A2; presence of epipod on MXP3 and only on P1. Size Male: total length 42 mm; female: total length to 65 mm.

Coloration Background milkish to dull yellow, marked by red dots, bands and blotches.

References original description: Rathbun, M.J., 1902a. Descriptions of new decapod crustaceans from the west coast of North America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 24: 885-905 Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Wicksten, M.K. 2012. Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces. Magnolia Press, Aukland, New Zealand.

SPIRONTOCARIS SPINUS (Sowerby, 1805) Parrot Shrimp

Geographic Range Western Atlantic, circumarctic, East Pacific from Alaska to Oregon. Type locality--Greenland

Habitat Intertidal, infralittoral, on varied substrates from mud to rock; depth down to700m. Morphology Very similar to S. arcuata and S. lamellicornis and often misidentified as one of these, particularly specimens from the Eastern Pacific. Body stout, little compressed. Shell thick, surface smooth. Rostrum: deep, extending beyond antennular peduncle, with midrib extending as strong, relatively straight spine. Eye: moderate, cornea well developed, process on inner margin of stalk. Third maxilliped: moderately long, stout. Carapace with 2 supraorbital teeth. Pereopods: P1-3 with epipods. P2-5 w/ bifid dactyls. Abdomen A3-5 lacks ventral spines

Distinctions Rostrum midrib forms an elongate spine. MXP3 length is less than the antennular lamellus. Dactyls of P2-5 are bifid.

Size Males to 55mm; females slightly larger

Coloration Variable reddish and white stripes and mottling

References Jensen, Gregory C. 2014. Crabs and Shrimps of the Pacific Coast. Mola Marine. Bremerton, WA.

Marine Species Identification Portal SPIRONTOCARIS SNYDERI Rathbun, 1902 Snyder's Bladed Shrimp

Geographic Range Tasu Sound, Queen Charlotte Islands to Cedros Island, Baja California, Mexico. Type locality Monterey Bay, California.

Habitat Usually on sand, or sand mixed with mud and rock, 4-355 m. Most specimens from California were taken at 50-100 m Morphology Rostrum: deep, reaching end of antennular peduncle, with 8-10 dorsal and 3-5 ventral teeth, 3-4 dorsal teeth on carapace proper. Eye: large, cornea well developed, process on inner margin of stalk. Antennae: peduncle with dorsal spine on each of segment; stylocerite reaching end of first segment. Third maxilliped: moderately long, moderately stout; exopod; epipod. Carapace: with 2 supraorbital t eeth. Pereopods: P1-2 with epipods; P3-5 slender, dactyls slender but spinose, merus of P3 with 3 spines; P4, with 3-4 spines; P5, with 3-4 spines. Abdomen: pleura of A1-3 rounded; A4-5 with weak tooth. Telson: with 4 pair dorsolateral spines and acute tip; uropods about equal, and exceed telson.

Distinctions Separated from S. holmesi and S. sica by presence of ventral spine on pleuron of A4; characteristic rostrum, as if broken off and “splintered,” extending just beyond end of antennular peduncle; presence of process on inner margin of eyestalk.

Size Male: total length 18 mm; female: total length to 24 mm

Coloration Reddish brown, mottled with white, pink and silvery bands and spots

References original description: Rathbun, M.J., 1902a. Descriptions of new decapod crustaceans from the west coast of North America.— Proceedings of the United States National Museum 24: 885-905 Butler, T.H. 1980. Shrimps of the Pacific coast of Canada. Ottawa; Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Wicksten, M.K. 2012. Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces. Magnolia Press, Aukland, New Zealand. ------

SPIRONTOCARIS TRUNCATA Rathbun, 1902 Blunt Bladed Shrimp

Geographic Range Gabriola Island, Strait of Georgia to SW of San Carlos Point, Baja California, Mexico. Type locality Hecate Bank, Oregon.

Habitat Rocky reefs, in sponges, 44-92 m.

Morphology Rostrum: moderately deep, extending beyond antennular peduncle, with truncated apex, 7-9 dorsal and 3-4 ventral teeth. Eye: moderate, cornea well developed, stalk with prominent process on inner margin. Antennae: peduncle long, second and third segments about equal, dorsal distal spine on each; stylocerite, long, knife-like; inner flagellum longer than outer, latter setiferous, both exceed antennal scale; scale slightly shorter than telson, spine arising from wide outer thickened portion and exceeds lamella; basicerite with upper lateral lobe and lower strong spine; peduncle moderately long; flagellum shorter than body. Third maxilliped: moderately long, moderately stout; exopod; epipod. Carapace: with 3 supraorbital teeth. Pereopods: P1-3 with epipods; P3-5 with spinose, bifid dactyls; merus of P3 with 2-3 spines; P4 with 2 spines; P5, with no spines. Abdomen: pleura of A1-3 broadly rounded; A4-5 sharp-tipped; A6 shorter than telson, wide and depressed. Telson: with 4-5 dorsolateral spines, tapering to acute tip; inner uropod longer than outer, and exceeding telson.

Distinctions Separated from other bladed shrimps mainly by rostrum abruptly truncated short of the end of antennular peduncle; relatively few large spines, 4 evenly spaced on dorsal surface of carapace, with dorsal extremity midrib extended as slender spine, not reaching the extremity of blade. S. truncata has 3 supraorbital spines; 2 are large, and widely separated, the smallest and most anterior spine appears to originate from base of, or branch more distally from, lower of the 2 large supraorbitals. A minor character, yet consistently present on the 6 specimens examined, is the transverse dorsal sulcus on A2.

Size Male: total length to 14 mm; female: total length to 20 mm. Coloration Carapace yellow-orange, with red-orange to deep red dots, posterior dorsal spines of carapace dark brown, red dots on appendages and antennae, abdomen milkish with faint red dots on dorsal surface of third segment (Butler, Plate 3C)