NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL LIBRARY ARCHIVED FILE Archived files are provided for reference purposes only. This file was current when produced, but is no longer maintained and may now be outdated. Content may not appear in full or in its original format. All links external to the document have been deactivated. For additional information, see http://pubs.nal.usda.gov. United States Department of Agriculture Information Resources on the Agricultural Research Service National Agricultural Care and Library Animal Welfare Information Center Welfare of Cats April 2007 AWIC Resource Series No. 39 ANIMAL WELFARE INFORMATION CENTER Information Resources on the Care and Welfare of Cats Compiled by Daniel Scholfield, B.S. Kristina M. Adams, M.S. Produced by Animal Welfare Information Center US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service National Agricultural Library 10301 Baltimore Avenue • Room 410 Beltsville, Maryland 20705 Phone 301.504.6212 • Fax 301.504.7125 E-mail [email protected] Table of Contents Introduction................................................................................ 1 Alternatives................................................................................ 2 Anesthesia & Analgesia .......................................................... 58 Behavior & Welfare ............................................................... 100 Diabetes ................................................................................ 110 Housing ................................................................................. 153 Nutrition................................................................................. 159 Pharmacology ....................................................................... 230 Research Models .................................................................. 389 Surgical Techniques.............................................................. 542 Selected Web Sites............................................................... 597 Introduction A bibliography and web site resources related to the housing, husbandry, health and welfare of cats. his bibliography about the use of cats in research is organized in sections based on topics of interest for scientists and others who are using or plan to use cats in research. Many of the records would also be useful to cat owners, veterinarians and veterinary technicians. The eight T sections or categories of the bibliography are: alternatives, diabetes, environmental enrichment, housing, nutrition, pharmacology, research models and surgical techniques. Ninety-four percent of the citations in this work can be identified with an international standard serial number (ISSN), international standard book number (ISBN), dissertation or National Agricultural library call numbers. A high percentage of records without a number can be searched on the Internet by a uniform resource locator (URL). Multiple sources were searched for citations published between the years 1974 to 2007. The sources of information include peer-reviewed journals, conference proceedings, theses, annual reports, dissertations, books, monographs, letters, web pages, reviews, and patents. Diabetes and its assorted physiological disorders are so prevalent in older, obese cats that a category was designated for that illness. In many of the records this disease in cats is studied as a model for maturity onset or type II diabetes in humans. In the United States, approximately eighteen million people are affected with this form of diabetes. Many other diseases and physiological systems of the cat are also studied as models for humans. Feline immunodeficiency virus is used to study human immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia is used as a model to study leukemia in humans. The nutrition section has a number if citations focused on amino acid requirements or deficiencies in cats. A large percentage of the studies cited are related to neurological, hearing and vision disorders, and research. As warm-blooded vertebrates, cats used in research are one of the many species protected by the Federal Animal Welfare Act. USDA inspectors review laboratory facilities and research protocols in studies where cats are used for compliance with animal welfare regulations. This bibliographic information is an update to an earlier Animal Welfare Information Center, Quick Bibliography, The Cat, QB 94-25, ISSN: 1052-5378. Information on how to request materials that are included in the collection of the USDA’s National Agricultural Library (NAL) may be found online at: http://www.nal.usda.gov/services/request.shtml. Readers are cautioned as to the dynamic nature of the internet and the fact that Web addresses and content are subject to change. All sites are current as of April 2007. 1 ALTERNATIVES Alternatives Aguirre, A., A. Escobar, V. Ferreira, M.C. Molina, A. Ferreira, and J.C. Aguillon (2003). An anti- human recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) monoclonal antibody recognizes an epitope in feline TNF alpha. Veterinary Research 34(2): 177­ 184. ISSN: 0928-4249. NAL Call Number: SF602 .A5 Abstract: It is likely that the murine response to human recombinant TNF alpha (hrTNF alpha) may generate antibodies (Ab) to epitopes present in TNF alpha from other species. Here, we demonstrate that F5 anti-hrTNF alpha monoclonal antibody (mAb) recognizes feline TNF alpha while E8 anti-hrTNF alpha mAb failed to do so. In order to demonstrate that E8 and F5 mAb recognize different epitopes in the hrTNF alpha molecule, a constant concentration of E8 and variable concentrations of F5 were incubated with solid phase bound hrTNF alpha. Binding of E8 and F5 to hrTNF alpha was determined with anti-mu and gamma chain specific Ab. F5 bound equally to hrTNF alpha in the presence or absence of E8 and the same amount of E8 bound to hrTNF alpha, in spite of the presence of F5. When using the E8 and F5 mAb for capturing the TNF alpha from the equine, canine, feline and bovine species, in supernatants of an ex vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated whole blood cell culture, we only detected the feline TNF alpha by F5 mAb (p = 0.001). By a cytotoxic assay on L929 fibroblasts, we indeed demonstrated the feline TNF alpha production after the LPS stimulus. In an inhibition assay, the human and feline cytokines competed for F5, although the inhibition of native human TNF alpha binding to F5 was significant but only about 20% (p = 0.001). In conclusion, most likely the F5 anti-hrTNF alpha mAb recognizes an epitope in feline TNF alpha. Its immunomodulatory potential in the feline model remains to be studied. Descriptors: monoclonal antibodies, cross reactions, epitopes, tumor necrosis factor alpha, cats, cattle, cell line, dogs, horses, mice, radioimmunoassay, recombinant proteins, species-specificity, tumor necrosis factor alpha analysis. Albarellos, G.A., R.R. Bonafine, V.E. Kreil, L.A. Ambros, L. Montoya, and R.E. Hallu (2003). A non-surgical jugular catheterization technique for multiple blood sampling in cats. Laboratory Animal 37(3): 188-192. ISSN: 0093-7355. NAL Call Number: QL55.A1L33 Abstract: In order to perform pharmacokinetic studies involving multiple blood sampling, repeated at variable intervals of time, a simple and reliable non-surgical jugular catheterization technique was developed. Six cats were catheterized 48 times using an indwelling through-the-needle type catheter (22G and 20.3 cm) placed into the jugular vein through an over-the-needle type (20G and 32 mm). Catheters remained in place for 1-13 days (median 3 days) without loss of patency until removal. Each jugular was catheterized a range of 2-6 times, with a total indwelling time of 4-33 days. No clinical signs of phlebitis, thrombosis or sepsis were observed either during or after the studies. This technique allows an easy, non-painful, non-stressful blood withdrawal during extended sampling periods, with minimal damage of the veins. 2 CARE AND WELFARE OF CATS Descriptors: blood specimen collection, catheterization, cats, jugular veins, specimen collection, catheterization. Alef, M. and G. Oechtering (1995). Nichtinvasive Patientenueberwachung in der Tiermedizin: Pulsoxymetrie und Kapnographie. Teil 2: Kapnographie [Non- invasive monitoring in veterinary medicine: Pulse oximetry and capnography. Part 2: Capnography]. Tieraerztliche Praxis 23(1): 1-6. ISSN: 0303-6286. NAL Call Number: SF603 .V4 Descriptors: horses, dogs, cats, surgical operations, anesthesia, monitoring, breathing, functional disorders, measurement, carbon dioxide, anoxia, disorders, equidae, functional disorders, gas exchange, oxides, perissodactyla, physiological functions, respiratory disorders. Language of Text: German; Summaries in German and English. Alix, C., F. Koehren, J.P. Martin, A. Kirn, and J. Braunwald (1998). A thermoresistant strain of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) with an altered cytopathic effect and a restricted cell tropism. Archives of Virology 143(11): 2093-2107. ISSN: 0304-8608. NAL Call Number: 448.3 Ar23 Descriptors: env gene, envelope glycoproteins, nucleotide sequences, amino acids, genbank, y10614 . American College of Veterinary Radiaology (2001). Annual Meeting of the American College of Veterinary Radiology. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound 42(6): 576-593. ISSN: 1058­ 8183. NAL Call Number: SF757.8 .A4 Descriptors: MRI, osteoarthritis, diagnosis, tumor treatment, neoplasms, CAT. Amzica, F., M. Massimini, and A. Manfridi (2002). Spatial buffering during slow and paroxysmal sleep oscillations in cortical networks of glial cells