Qualifications in Birmingham
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QUALIFICATIONS IN BIRMINGHAM NOVEMBER 2015 Non-census data updated April 2017 Economic Research & Policy Economy Directorate 1 Author: Lesley Bradnam Economic Research and Policy Birmingham City Council 3rd Floor, 1 Lancaster Circus Birmingham B4 7DQ www.birmingham.gov.uk/birminghameconomy Tel: 0121 464 2114 Email: [email protected] Twitter: @BhamEconomy 2 CONTENTS Section 1: Introduction .......................................................................................... 1 1.0 Purpose of Report ............................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background ..................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Structure of the report ...................................................................................... 2 Section 2: Birmingham compared to other areas ................................................ 3 2.0 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Overview of qualifications in Birmingham ......................................................... 3 2.2 Comparison to English Core Cities .................................................................. 4 2.3 Comparison to selected neighbouring local authorities .................................... 4 2.4 Qualifications and Commuting ........................................................................ 4 2.5 Change over time 2001-2011 ........................................................................ 7 2.6 More recent data……………………………………………………………………..8 Section 3: Different groups and areas in Birmingham ........................................ 8 3.0 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 8 3.1 Attainment at school – Key Stage 4 ................................................................. 8 3.2 Qualifications by gender .................................................................................. 9 3.3 Qualifications by age ...................................................................................... 10 3.4 Qualifications by Ethnicity .............................................................................. 12 3.5 Qualifications within Birmingham ................................................................... 15 Section 4: Qualifications and economic activity ................................................ 18 4.0 Introduction ................................................................................................... 18 4.1 Labour market status and qualifications ........................................................ 18 4.2 Geographical differences ............................................................................... 20 4.3 Qualifications and earnings ............................................................................ 22 Section 5: Non-NVQ skills and the labour market .............................................. 22 5.0 Introduction ................................................................................................... 22 3 5.1 Proficiency in English ..................................................................................... 23 5.2 Employer Skill Needs .................................................................................... 24 Section 6: Conclusion .......................................................................................... 25 Section 7: Key Findings ....................................................................................... 27 Birmingham compared to other areas .................................................................. 27 Key Findings - Different groups and areas within Birmingham ............................. 29 Key Findings - Qualifications and economic activity ............................................. 31 Key Findings - Non-NVQ skills & the labour market ............................................. 32 Appendix A Birmingham compared to other areas ......................................... 33 Appendix B: Qualifications for groups & areas in Birmingham ........................ 35 Appendix C: Qualifications and economic activity ............................................ 45 Appendix D: Non-NVQ skills and the labour market .......................................... 47 4 SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION 1.0 PURPOSE OF REPORT Qualification levels are low in Birmingham, and this has an impact on the ability of residents to compete in the local labour market. This report has been written to increase understanding of the qualification levels and skills of Birmingham residents and explores both how Birmingham compares to other major cities and also how qualifications differ between groups and across neighbourhoods within the city. If the city is to achieve its long term aspirations for its residents they will need to be appropriately skilled for the jobs available to them. A detailed knowledge of qualification levels, and which groups and areas have the lowest levels is essential for effective targeting both at a strategic level in the development of policy, and at an operational level in the design and implementation of mitigating actions. 1.1 BACKGROUND The Office for National Statistics (ONS) provides official statistics on qualifications annually at a city level through the Annual Population Survey (APS). But the sample size is small, so detailed analysis is not possible. However, the Census provides a once in 10 years opportunity to look in detail at qualification levels by factors such as age and ethnicity, and for small areas. Crucially it also allows us to look at combinations of factors, and it is this that really offers the opportunity to improve understanding of which groups and communities have particularly low qualification rates. This report uses data from the 2001 and 2011 Census to look at qualifications in the city now and how they have changed in the last ten years. It also uses a range of other data sources to provide some brief insights into ‘softer’ skills, future skill needs and the skills gap in the city. Note that data is variously derived from a range of Census tables, which can have slightly different cohorts of residents, and may require data manipulation to calculate working age population. So figures may vary slightly from table to table, although the overall message remains unchanged. It is intended that the report will inform policy development, mitigating activities and the targeting of initiatives. The Birmingham Skills Investment Plan was published in 2016 and sets out how the city Council and its partners will meet its ambitions of ensuring that its residents are able to access the growing number of jobs in the city now and in the future. The Plan can be downloaded from the link below. http://www.bhampolicycommunity.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Birmingham-Skills- Investment-Plan-web-1.pdf. 1 Much of the report is based on NVQ levels, which are defined as follows: Level 1: 1-4 O Levels/CSE/GCSEs (any grades), Entry Level, Foundation Diploma, NVQ Level 1, Foundation GNVQ, Basic/Essential Skills; Level 2: 5+ O Level (Passes)/CSEs (Grade 1)/GCSEs (Grades A*-C), School Certificate, 1 A Level/ 2-3 AS Levels/VCEs, Intermediate/Higher Diploma, Welsh Baccalaureate Intermediate Diploma, NVQ level 2, Intermediate GNVQ, City and Guilds Craft, BTEC First/General Diploma, RSA Diploma; Level 3: 2+ A Levels/VCEs, 4+ AS Levels, Higher School Certificate, Progression/Advanced Diploma, Welsh Baccalaureate Advanced Diploma, NVQ Level 3; Advanced GNVQ, City and Guilds Advanced Craft, ONC, OND, BTEC National, RSA Advanced Diploma; Level 4 and above: Degree (for example BA, BSc), Higher Degree (for example MA, PhD, PGCE), NVQ Level 4-5, HNC, HND, RSA Higher Diploma, BTEC Higher level, Foundation degree (NI), Professional qualifications (for example teaching, nursing, accountancy); Other qualifications: Vocational/Work-related Qualifications, Foreign Qualifications (not stated/level unknown). 1.2 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT The report is divided into 7 sections. Section 1 (this section) provides an introduction to the report. Section 2 provides an overview of qualification levels in the city and compares Birmingham to other core cities and neighbouring local authorities. It also looks at how skill levels have changed since 2001. Section 3 explores qualification levels within the city by gender, age and ethnicity. It also looks at how qualifications vary by ward. Section 4 looks at the relationship between qualifications and labour market status. It also explores the relationship between qualifications and earnings. Section 5 looks at some non-NVQ skills, such as proficiency in English and the ‘softer’ skills required by employers. Section 6 draws conclusions from the findings. Section 7 brings together the Key Points from the report to form a summary of the main findings. The Appendix contains a number of data tables from the Census. Some tables include a ward and constituency breakdown. 2 SECTION 2: BIRMINGHAM COMPARED TO OTHER AREAS 2.0 INTRODUCTION This section uses data from the 2011 Census to provide an overview of qualification levels in the city. It also compares residents’ qualifications with those of other English core cities1 and selected neighbouring authorities. Finally it assesses how qualification levels have changed over the last 10 years. 2.1 OVERVIEW OF QUALIFICATIONS IN BIRMINGHAM 1 Birmingham, Bristol, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester,