Section 1: Facts and History (PDF)
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The Nobel Prize Sweden.Se
Facts about Sweden: The Nobel Prize sweden.se The Nobel Prize – the award that captures the world’s attention The Nobel Prize is considered the most prestigious award in the world. Prize- winning discoveries include X-rays, radioactivity and penicillin. Peace Laureates include Nelson Mandela and the 14th Dalai Lama. Nobel Laureates in Literature, including Gabriel García Márquez and Doris Lessing, have thrilled readers with works such as 'One Hundred Years of Solitude' and 'The Grass is Singing'. Every year in early October, the world turns Nobel Day is 10 December. For the prize its gaze towards Sweden and Norway as the winners, it is the crowning point of a week Nobel Laureates are announced in Stockholm of speeches, conferences and receptions. and Oslo. Millions of people visit the website At the Nobel Prize Award Ceremony in of the Nobel Foundation during this time. Stockholm on that day, the Laureates in The Nobel Prize has been awarded to Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, people and organisations every year since and Literature receive a medal from the 1901 (with a few exceptions such as during King of Sweden, as well as a diploma and The Nobel Banquet is World War II) for achievements in physics, a cash award. The ceremony is followed a magnificent party held chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature by a gala banquet. The Nobel Peace Prize at Stockholm City Hall. and peace. is awarded in Oslo the same day. Photo: Henrik Montgomery/TT Henrik Photo: Facts about Sweden: The Nobel Prize sweden.se Prize in Economic Sciences prize ceremonies. -
Pomona College Magazine Fall/Winter 2020: the New (Ab
INSIDE:THE NEW COLLEGE MAGAZINE (AB)NORMAL • The Economy • Childcare • City Life • Dating • Education • Movies • Elections Fall-Winter 2020 • Etiquette • Food • Housing •Religion • Sports • Tourism • Transportation • Work & more Nobel Laureate Jennifer Doudna ’85 HOMEPAGE Together in Cyberspace With the College closed for the fall semester and all instruction temporarily online, Pomona faculty have relied on a range of technologies to teach their classes and build community among their students. At top left, Chemistry Professor Jane Liu conducts a Zoom class in Biochemistry from her office in Seaver North. At bottom left, Theatre Professor Giovanni Molina Ortega accompanies students in his Musical Theatre class from a piano in Seaver Theatre. At far right, German Professor Hans Rindesbacher puts a group of beginning German students through their paces from his office in Mason Hall. —Photos by Jeff Hing STRAY THOUGHTS COLLEGE MAGAZINE Pomona Jennifer Doudna ’85 FALL/WINTER 2020 • VOLUME 56, NO. 3 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry The New Abnormal EDITOR/DESIGNER Mark Wood ([email protected]) e’re shaped by the crises of our times—especially those that happen when ASSISTANT EDITOR The Prize Wwe’re young. Looking back on my parents’ lives with the relative wisdom of Robyn Norwood ([email protected]) Jennifer Doudna ’85 shares the 2020 age, I can see the currents that carried them, turning them into the people I knew. Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her work with They were both children of the Great Depression, and the marks of that experi- BOOK EDITOR the CRISPR-Cas9 molecular scissors. Sneha Abraham ([email protected]) ence were stamped into their psyches in ways that seem obvious to me now. -
Everettian Probabilities, the Deutsch-Wallace Theorem and the Principal Principle
Everettian probabilities, the Deutsch-Wallace theorem and the Principal Principle Harvey R. Brown and Gal Ben Porath Chance, when strictly examined, is a mere negative word, and means not any real power which has anywhere a being in nature. David Hume (Hume, 2008) [The Deutsch-Wallace theorem] permits what philosophy would hitherto have regarded as a formal impossibility, akin to deriving an ought from an is, namely deriving a probability statement from a factual statement. This could be called deriving a tends to from a does. David Deutsch (Deutsch, 1999) [The Deutsch-Wallace theorem] is a landmark in decision theory. Nothing comparable has been achieved in any chance theory. [It] is little short of a philosophical sensation . it shows why credences should conform to [quantum chances]. Simon Saunders (Saunders, 'The Everett interpretation: probability' [unpublished manuscript]) Abstract This paper is concerned with the nature of probability in physics, and in quantum mechanics in particular. It starts with a brief discussion of the evolution of Itamar Pitowsky's thinking about probability in quantum theory from 1994 to 2008, and the role of Gleason's 1957 theorem in his derivation of the Born Rule. Pitowsky's defence of probability therein as a logic of partial belief leads us into a broader discussion of probability in physics, in which the existence of objective \chances" is questioned, and the status of David Lewis influential Principal Principle is critically examined. This is followed by a sketch of the work by David Deutsch and David Wallace which resulted in the Deutsch-Wallace (DW) theorem in Everettian quantum mechanics. -
Ligo-India Proposal for an Interferometric Gravitational-Wave Observatory
LIGO-INDIA PROPOSAL FOR AN INTERFEROMETRIC GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE OBSERVATORY IndIGO Indian Initiative in Gravitational-wave Observations PROPOSAL FOR LIGO-INDIA !"#!$ Indian Initiative in Gravitational wave Observations http://www.gw-indigo.org II Title of the Project LIGO-INDIA Proposal of the Consortium for INDIAN INITIATIVE IN GRAVITATIONAL WAVE OBSERVATIONS IndIGO to Department of Atomic Energy & Department of Science and Technology Government of India IndIGO Consortium Institutions Chennai Mathematical Institute IISER, Kolkata IISER, Pune IISER, Thiruvananthapuram IIT Madras, Chennai IIT, Kanpur IPR, Bhatt IUCAA, Pune RRCAT, Indore University of Delhi (UD), Delhi Principal Leads Bala Iyer (RRI), Chair, IndIGO Consortium Council Tarun Souradeep (IUCAA), Spokesperson, IndIGO Consortium Council C.S. Unnikrishnan (TIFR), Coordinator Experiments, IndIGO Consortium Council Sanjeev Dhurandhar (IUCAA), Science Advisor, IndIGO Consortium Council Sendhil Raja (RRCAT) Ajai Kumar (IPR) Anand Sengupta(UD) 10 November 2011 PROPOSAL FOR LIGO-INDIA II PROPOSAL FOR LIGO-INDIA LIGO-India EXECUTIVE SUMMARY III PROPOSAL FOR LIGO-INDIA IV PROPOSAL FOR LIGO-INDIA This proposal by the IndIGO consortium is for the construction and subsequent 10- year operation of an advanced interferometric gravitational wave detector in India called LIGO-India under an international collaboration with Laser Interferometer Gravitational–wave Observatory (LIGO) Laboratory, USA. The detector is a 4-km arm-length Michelson Interferometer with Fabry-Perot enhancement arms, and aims to detect fractional changes in the arm-length smaller than 10-23 Hz-1/2 . The task of constructing this very sophisticated detector at the limits of present day technology is facilitated by the amazing opportunity offered by the LIGO Laboratory and its international partners to provide the complete design and all the key components required to build the detector as part of the collaboration. -
View Print Program (Pdf)
PROGRAM November 3 - 5, 2016 Hosted by Sigma Pi Sigma, the physics honor society 2016 Quadrennial Physics Congress (PhysCon) 1 31 Our students are creating the future. They have big, bold ideas and they come to Florida Polytechnic University looking for ways to make their visions a reality. Are you the next? When you come to Florida Poly, you’ll be welcomed by students and 3D faculty who share your passion for pushing the boundaries of science, PRINTERS technology, engineering and math (STEM). Florida’s newest state university offers small classes and professors who work side-by-side with students on real-world projects in some of the most advanced technology labs available, so the possibilities are endless. FLPOLY.ORG 2 2016 Quadrennial Physics Congress (PhysCon) Contents Welcome ........................................................................................................................... 4 Unifying Fields: Science Driving Innovation .......................................................................... 7 Daily Schedules ............................................................................................................. 9-11 PhysCon Sponsors .............................................................................................................12 Planning Committee & Staff ................................................................................................13 About the Society of Physics Students and Sigma Pi Sigma ���������������������������������������������������13 Previous Sigma Pi Sigma -
The Beginning of Infinity: Explanations That Transform the World Pdf, Epub, Ebook
THE BEGINNING OF INFINITY: EXPLANATIONS THAT TRANSFORM THE WORLD PDF, EPUB, EBOOK David Deutsch | 487 pages | 29 May 2012 | Penguin Putnam Inc | 9780143121350 | English | New York, NY, United States The Beginning of Infinity: Explanations That Transform the World PDF Book Every argument includes premises in support of a conclusion, but the premises themselves are left unargued. Nov 12, Gary rated it it was amazing Shelves: science. In other words we must have some form of evidence, and it must be coherent with our other beliefs. Nov 12, Gary rated it it was amazing Shelves: science. I can't say why exactly. It seems more to the point to think of it as something emotive — as the expression of a mood. This will lead to the development of explanatory theories variation , which can then be criticized and tested selection. Accuracy and precision are important standards in our evaluation of explanations; standards that are absent in bad explanations. Every argument includes premises in support of a conclusion, but the premises themselves are left unargued. Deutsch starts with explanations being the basis for knowledge, and builds up basic, hard-to-argue-with principles into convincing monoliths that smash some conventional interpretations of knowledge, science and philosophy to tiny pieces. His reliance on Popper is problematic. I will be re-reading them again until it really sinks in. Evolution, in contrast, represents a good explanation because it not only fits the evidence but the details are hard to vary. Barefoot Season Susan Mallery. But the "Occam's Razor" described by the author is not the one practiced in reality. -
The Perils of Complacency
THE PERILS OF COMPLACENCYTHE PERILS : America at a Tipping Point in Science & Engineering : America at a Tipping Point THE PERILS OF COMPLACENCY America at a Tipping Point in Science & Engineering An Update to Restoring the Foundation: The Vital Role of Research in Preserving the American Dream AMERICAN ACADEMY OF ARTS & SCIENCES AMERICAN ACADEMY THE PERILS OF COMPLACENCY America at a Tipping Point in Science & Engineering An Update to Restoring the Foundation: The Vital Role of Research in Preserving the American Dream american academy of arts & sciences Cambridge, Massachusetts This report and its supporting data were finalized in April 2020. While some new data have been released since then, the report’s findings and recommendations remain valid. Please note that Figure 1 was based on nsf analysis, which used existing oecd purchasing power parity (ppp) to convert U.S. and Chinese financial data.oecd adjusted its ppp factors in May 2020. The new factors for China affect the curves in the figure, pushing the China-U.S. crossing point toward the end of the decade. This development is addressed in Appendix D. © 2020 by the American Academy of Arts & Sciences All rights reserved. isbn: 0- 87724- 134- 1 This publication is available online at www.amacad.org/publication/perils-of-complacency. The views expressed in this report are those held by the contributors and are not necessarily those of the Officers and Members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Please direct inquiries to: American Academy of Arts and Sciences 136 Irving Street Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138- 1996 Telephone: 617- 576- 5000 Email: [email protected] Website: www.amacad.org Contents Acknowledgments 5 Committee on New Models for U.S. -
Rainer Weiss, Professor of Physics Emeritus and 2017 Nobel Laureate
Giving to the Department of Physics by Erin McGrath RAINER WEISS ’55, PHD ’62 Bryce Vickmark Rai Weiss has established a fellowship in the Physics Department because he is eternally grateful to his advisor, the late Jerrold Zacharias, for all that he did for Rai, so he knows firsthand the importance of supporting graduate students. Rainer Weiss, Professor of Physics Emeritus and 2017 Nobel Laureate. Rainer “Rai” Weiss was born in Berlin, Germany in 1932. His father was a physician and his mother was an actress. His family was forced out of Germany by the Nazis since his father was Jewish and a Communist. Rai, his mother and father fled to Prague, Czecho- slovakia. In 1937 a sister was born in Prague. In 1938, after Chamberlain appeased Hitler by effectively giving him Czechoslovakia, the family was able to obtain visas to enter the United States through the Stix Family in St. Louis, who were giving bond to professional Jewish emigrants. When Rai was 21 years-old, he visited Mrs. Stix and thanked her for what she had done for his family. The family immigrated to New York City. Rai’s father had a hard time passing the medi- cal boards because of his inability to answer multiple choice exams. His mother, who Rai says “held the family together,” worked in a number of retail stores. Through the services of an immigrant relief organization Rai received a scholarship to attend the prestigious Columbia Grammar School. At the end of 1945, when Rai was 13 years old, he became fascinated with electronics and music. -
Press Release Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna
Press Release Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna to receive the 2016 HFSP Nakasone Award The Human Frontier Science Program Organization (HFSPO) has announced that the 2016 HFSP Nakasone Award has been awarded to Emmanuelle Charpentier of the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany and Umeå University, Sweden and Jennifer Doudna of the University of California at Berkeley, USA for their seminal work on gene editing by means of the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Emmanuelle Charpentier Jennifer Doudna The HFSP Nakasone Award was established to honor scientists who have made key breakthroughs in fields at the forefront of the life sciences. It recognizes the vision of Japan’s former Prime Minister Nakasone in the creation of the Human Frontier Science Program. Charpentier and Doudna will present the HFSP Nakasone Lecture at the 16th annual meeting of HFSP awardees to be held in Singapore, in July 2016. A discovery in the late 1980s revealed that neighboring bacterial DNA segments contain repeating nucleotide sequences which flank short segments. In 2007, it was shown that these repeating sequences, termed CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats), are part of a bacterial defense system against foreign DNA. Through their recent joint study, initiated in 2011, Charpentier and Doudna have shown that the system can be harnessed as a genetic tool to efficiently and specifically edit DNA targeting any sequence in the genome. Emmanuelle Charpentier’s laboratory started to focus on the bacterial CRISPR-Cas9 system by investigating it in the human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes. Her team described the three components of the system that consist of two RNAs forming a duplex (tracrRNA and crRNA) and the protein Cas9 (formerly named Csn1) and showed the roles of each component in the early steps of activation of the system (duplex RNA co-processing and in vivo phage sequence targeting). -
Los Premios Nobel De Química
Los premios Nobel de Química MATERIAL RECOPILADO POR: DULCE MARÍA DE ANDRÉS CABRERIZO Los premios Nobel de Química El campo de la Química que más premios ha recibido es el de la Quí- mica Orgánica. Frederick Sanger es el único laurea- do que ganó el premio en dos oca- siones, en 1958 y 1980. Otros dos también ganaron premios Nobel en otros campos: Marie Curie (física en El Premio Nobel de Química es entregado anual- 1903, química en 1911) y Linus Carl mente por la Academia Sueca a científicos que so- bresalen por sus contribuciones en el campo de la Pauling (química en 1954, paz en Física. 1962). Seis mujeres han ganado el Es uno de los cinco premios Nobel establecidos en premio: Marie Curie, Irène Joliot- el testamento de Alfred Nobel, en 1895, y que son dados a todos aquellos individuos que realizan Curie (1935), Dorothy Crowfoot Ho- contribuciones notables en la Química, la Física, la dgkin (1964), Ada Yonath (2009) y Literatura, la Paz y la Fisiología o Medicina. Emmanuelle Charpentier y Jennifer Según el testamento de Nobel, este reconocimien- to es administrado directamente por la Fundación Doudna (2020) Nobel y concedido por un comité conformado por Ha habido ocho años en los que no cinco miembros que son elegidos por la Real Aca- demia Sueca de las Ciencias. se entregó el premio Nobel de Quí- El primer Premio Nobel de Química fue otorgado mica, en algunas ocasiones por de- en 1901 al holandés Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff. clararse desierto y en otras por la Cada destinatario recibe una medalla, un diploma y situación de guerra mundial y el exi- un premio económico que ha variado a lo largo de los años. -
Physics of LIGO Lecture 4
Physics of LIGO Lecture 4 40KG § Advanced LIGO SAPPHIRE, 31.4CMf SILICA, HERAEUS SV 35CMf INPUT MODE SILICA, LIGO I GRADE § LIGO Data analysis CLEANER ~26CMf ACTIVE THERMAL CORRECTION T=0.5% 125W 830KW LASER MOD. BS PRM ITM ETM time T~6% SRM T=7% OUTPUT MODE CLEANER PD Ringdowns GW READOUT Broadband Background Bursts frequency CW (quasi-periodic) Chirps LIGO-G000165-00-R AJW, Caltech, LIGO Project 1 Initial LIGO Þ Advanced LIGO schedule 1995 NSF Funding secured ($360M) 1996 Construction Underway (mostly civil) 1997 Facility Construction (vacuum system) 1998 Interferometer Construction (complete facilities) 1999 Construction Complete (interferometers in vacuum) 2000 Detector Installation (commissioning subsystems) 2001 Commission Interferometers (first coincidences) 2002 Sensitivity studies (initiate LIGO I Science Run) 2003+ Initial LIGO data run (one year integrated data at h ~ 10-21) 2007 Begin Advanced LIGO installation 2008 Advanced LIGO science run (2.5 hours ~ 1 year of Initial LIGO) LIGO-G000165-00-R AJW, Caltech, LIGO Project 2 Advanced LIGO incremental improvements § Reduce shot noise: higher power CW-laser: 12 watts Þ120 watts § Reduce shot noise: Advanced optical configuration: signal recycling mirror (7th suspended optic) to tune shot-noise response in frequency § Reduce seismic noise: Advanced (active) seismic isolation. Seismic wall moved from 40 Hz Þ ~ 12 Hz. § Reduce seismic and suspension noise: Quadrupal pendulum suspensions to filter environmental noise in stages. § Reduce suspension noise: Fused silica fibers, silica welds. § Reduce test mass thermal noise: Last pendulum stage (test mass) is controlled via electrostatic or photonic forces (no magnets). § Reduce test mass thermal noise: High-Q material (40 kg sapphire). -
National Science Foundation LIGO FACTSHEET NSF and the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory
e National Science Foundation LIGO FACTSHEET NSF and the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory In 1916, Albert What is LIGO? Einstein published the LIGO consists of two widely separated laser paper that predicted interferometers located within the United States – one gravitational waves – in Hanford, Washington, and the other in Livingston, ripples in the fabric of Louisiana – each housed inside an L-shaped, ultra-high space-time resulting vacuum tunnel. The twin LIGO detectors operate in from the most violent unison to detect gravitational waves. Caltech and MIT phenomena in our led the design, construction and operation of the NSF- universe, from funded facilities. supernovae explosions to the collision of black What are gravitational waves? holes. For 100 years, Gravitational waves are distortions of the space and that prediction has time which emit when any object that possesses mass stimulated scientists accelerates. This can be compared in some ways to how around the world who accelerating charges create electromagnetic fields (e.g. have been seeking light and radio waves) that antennae detect. To generate to directly detect gravitational waves that can be detected by LIGO, the gravitational waves. objects must be highly compact and very massive, such as neutron stars and black holes. Gravitational-wave In the 1970s, the National Science Foundation (NSF) detectors act as a “receiver.” Gravitational waves travel joined this quest and began funding the science to Earth much like ripples travel outward across a pond. and technological innovations behind the Laser However, these ripples in the fabric of space-time carry Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), information about their violent origins and about the the instruments that would ultimately yield a direct nature of gravity – information that cannot be obtained detection of gravitational waves.