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Fawley Court stanm-vi zabytko• ings of Fawley Court is that of the Centrumwy XVII-wiecznyrozleglych palac,niegdysotoczo•dobr ThehistoricCentre17th-centuryof the once housevast hold•and ny parkiem, usytuowanym nad brze• surrounding gardens stretching along giem Tamizy, na granicy hrabstw the Thames, on the border of Oxford• Oxfordshire i Buckingamshire. shire and Bllckinghamshire counties. Historia posiadlosci sit(ga polowy XI The history of Fawley Court reaches wieku. Za panowania Edwarda Wy• back to the mid-11th century. During znawcy (ok. 1003-1066) obronny dwor the reign of Edward the Confessor (c. z dobrami FaHey otrzymal Tostig, syn 1003-1066) a fortified manor with lands Godwina, mianowany przez wladct( known as 'FaHey' (from the plenitude of hrabiq Northumbrii, zas Wilhelm fallow deer) came to be held by Tostig, I Zdobywca (1028-1087) podarowal go the son of Earl Godwin, when the king szwagrowi, Walterowi Giffordowi hra• named him Earl of Northumberland. biemu Buckingham. Przez blisko 400 After the Norman conquest, William I lat majqtek pozostawal w posiadaniu (c. 1028-1087) awarded it to his bro• rodziny de Sackville, potem jego kolej• ther-in-law, Walter Gifford, Earl of nym wlascicielem zostal Thomas Ra• Buckingham. Having passed to Sir kes, szeryf Buckinghamshire za cza• William de Sackville in 1079, Fawley sow Edwarda IV (1442-1483). W 1616 Court remained with his descendents roku przeszedl w rt(ce rodziny White• for the next four centuries. Thereafter it lock6w. W czasach wojny domowej came into the possession of Thomas 1642-1646 Fawley znalazlo sit( na linii Rakes, the sheriff of Buckinghamshire walk mir,;dzy rojalistami a wojskami during the reign of Edward IV (1442-

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Cromwella. S~dzia Bulstrode White• 1483). In 1616 Fawley Court passed to lock byl zwolennikiem parlamentu, ro• the Whitelock family. During the first jalisci zniszczyli wi~c Fawley Court phase of the English Civil Wars (1642• niemal doszcz~tnie. Nast~pny wlasci• 1646) Fawley found itself caught in the ciel posiacUosci, pik William Freeman crossfire be1:\veenthe Royalists and the rozpoczql w 1684 r. budow~ nowej, armies of Cromwell. As Judge Bulstrode wspaniaIej siedziby wecUug projektu Whitelock was a supporter of Parlia• sir Christophera Wrena (1632-1723) ment, the Royalist forces destroyed krolewskiego architekta i matematyka. Fawley Court almost entirely. In 1684 Si~gajqce konca XI wieku pozostalosci the next owner, Colonel William Free• ufortyfikowanego dworu zostaly wIq• man, began the construction of a new czone w nowq bry1~. Pa1ac byl pozniej and marvellous residence designed by kilkakrotnie przebudovvywany: oko1o Sir Christopher Wren (1632-1723), 1787 r. prosta elewacja glowna otrzy• crown architect and mathematician. mala jonskq kolumnad~, zas w 1884 r. The surviving elements of the 11th-cen• dodano do budynku jedno z dwu tury fortified manor were integrated zaprojektowanych przez Williama D. into the new structure. The House has Mackenzie skrzydel. since been remodelled several times. For W latach 30. XVIII w. owczesny wfa• instance, in 1787 its simple elevation sciciel Fawley Court, architekt amator received an ionic colonnade, and in John Freeman zaprojektowal otaczajq• 1884 one of 1:\vo wings designed by ce dom zewn~trzne tarasy i ogrod William D. Mackenzie was added. w stylu nawiqzujqcym do projektow In the 1730s Fawley Court's owner, Williama Kenta (1685-1748) ze znaj• amateur architect John Freeman, dujqcymi si~ w nim pawilonami - na• designed outdoor terraces surrounding strojowq swiqtyniQ, trojosiowQ bramq the house and a garden whose style was wodnq zdobionq rustykq i pokrytym reflective of designs by William Kent alJElLJl..lLJ.1 A A,A..iLJ1l .:Lil....a.A.Jl.Jt,A,.;Jt llA 'a.Jl J ~~'-~l'O?~'Y'';'~'~;:''fc'"f- ;,,'-\ ~~~~7~CC""i'f";!!(~:=" , "t~·.-.1-:/\/\ >< /, ~?~~~';~~~--'j--:-~"_4_?J:

krzemieniem mostkiem. Zbudowana (1685-1748). It included various pavil• przed 1732 r. ruina swiqtyni stanowi ions - such as the evocative temple • przyldad angielskiej neogotyckiej and the watergate in rustic style and the architektury ogrodowej. Byly w niej bridge covered in flint. The sham ruins eksponowane antyczne rzeiby ze slyn• of a temple built in 1732 is the earliest nej kolekcji hrabiego Arundel, m.in. example of neo-gothic garden architec• Gigant z oltarza pergamonskiego. ture in England. It housed Greek and Rzeiby te zostaly sprzedane w 1986 r. Roman sculptures from the famous col• IN latach 70. XVIII w. pracowal lection of Count Arundel, including the w Fawley Court, projektujqc nowy wy• Great Altar of Pergamon. In 1986 these stroj wn~trz, wybitny architekt James 'Arundel Marbles' were all sold. Wyatt, uczen Roberta Adama. Z tego In the 1770s the renowned architect okresu zachowal si~ wystroj dwu J ames Wyatt, a student of Robert Adam, mniejszych salonow palacu, z sufitami designed new interiors for Fawley z 1771 roku w stylu Adamow oraz Court. Two of the resultant parlours neoklasycznymi kominkami autor• have survived, along with the ceilings stwa Wyatta oraz Johna Francisa done in 1771 in the Adams' style and Moore'a z lat 1767-1771. Wystroj bi• the neo-classical fireplaces designed by blioteki z roku 1804 zostal wykonany Wyatt and John Francis Moore. The wedlug projektu cenionej rzeibiarki 1804 library interiors were executed Anny Darner Seymour. according to the design of the talented Okolo 1770 roku Sambrook Freeman sculptress Anne Darner Seymour. zlecil przeprojektowanie parku Lance• In about 1770, Fawley Court's subse• lotowi "Capability" Brownowi. Zam• quent owner, Sambrooke Freeman, kni~ciem wyznaczonej przez slynnego commissioned the famous landscape ogrodnika glownej osi widokowej byla architect Lancelot "Capability" Brown neoklasyczna swiqtynia usytuowana to redesign the parkland. Brown laid It~~A$Uj,j,·..rl~. Y1 . I~ I3rallUl IFndll{{ Wa tCl:c;a tc }/"OIII the 1730" ':: 1 pololl'i} XVII! Il', alld the brl{(c;e over llIlOstclll/{ullwllalcm thi' [{lIwl

na wysepce Temple Island na Tamizie. out a vista that culminated with a neo• Zaprojektowana przez Jamesa Wyatta classical temple built upon a holm in the w latach 1769-1771 jest najwczesniej• Thames. Designed by James Wyatt in SZq zachowanq do dzis udokumento• 1769-1771, it represents the oldest sur• wanq jego praCq, a wnt(trze stanowi viving example of his work. Moreover, przyklad kr6tkotrwalej mody na deko• the temple's interiors are the earliest racjt( w stylu etruskim. Budowla ta pel• English example of the short-lived fash• ni rolt( punktu orientacyjnego w co• ion for Etruscan style. To this day it rocznych Henley Royal Regatta, kt6• serves as a point of reference in the rych zainicjowanie w 1839 roku przy• annual Henley Royal Regatta, initiated pisuje sit( jednemu z Freeman6w. in 1839 by one of the Freemans. In 1853 W 1853 r. palac w Fawley Court zna• the house at Fawley Court passed to the lazl sit( na 100 lat w rt(kach rodziny Mackenzie family for \-vhat was to be Mackenzie. W tym okresie William 100 years. It was then that William Mackenzie zaprojektowal malowniczy Mackenzie designed the picturesque kanallqczqcy palac Z Tamizq. canal that joins the house with the Palac Fawley Court w ciqgu wiekow Thames. byl celem wizyt czlonk6w rodziny pa• Down through the centuries Fawley nujacej: w 1688 r. w palacu zatrzymal Court has been visited by members of sit( 'Wilhelm III Oranski z zonq Mariq the Royal family. In 1688 on their way w drodze na koronacjt(, w okresie re• to the coronation ceremony, William of gencji obaj kr61mvie J erzy III Orange and his wife Mary stopped at i J erzy IV czt(sto odwiedzali palac. Fawley Court, as later both George III Rowniez Wilhelm IV, przyjaciel Peera and George IV did on numerous occa• Freemana Williamsa z czasow wsp61• sions. William IV, a friend of Peer nej sluzby w Kr61ewskiej Marynarce Freeman Williams from the time of ijL;I .,LiiJl,i,d..AJI jL:i~a.11.il.Jl Ajl.D.A~ .( -Y--,~~~~~:;:;:'-*~'~{.',"._/, -~?~~g:~::~"~~}'~' L-f '~C)Dnr:. f· / Y . '\'0;'·]1 It ' ..::J-/~~ ../\ -,. :f-;'J[.':;Z;:~t FAWLEY COURT - historia Patacu i Muzeum . ~ ",' .. '.roo i"_ •._.. 1- ~_~-...... -c,_ ~. ~.,...

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Wojennej, odwiedzal Fawley Court their service in the Royal Navy, also vis• przy roznych okazjach. ited Fawley Court several times. Dopiero druga wojna swiatowa Events related to World War II and i zmiana sytuacji spoleczno-ekono• Britain's socia-economic changes spelt micznej spowodowaly koniec swietno• the end of the estate's splendour. At an sci rezydencji. Na aukcji w 1952 roku auction in 1952 Fawley Court's entire wyprzedano caly ruchomy majqtek movable property was sold off, and it Fawley Court, a trudny do utrzymania was determined that the House itself w nowych warunkach palac przezna• would be demolished. The 1953 pur• czono do rozbiorki. Nabycie palacu chase of the palace by the Congregation w 1953 r. przez Zgromadzenie Ksi~zy of Marian Fathers rescued it from that Marianow zmienilo sytuacj~. Nowi fate. The new owners designated the wlasciciele przeznaczyli budynek na House as a Polish school - the Divine polskq szkol~ - Kolegium Bozego Milo• Mercy College - alongside which Father sierdzia, przy niej zas ks. J ozef Jarz((• JozefJarzybowski founded the Museum bowski utworzyl Muzeum i bibliotek((. and library. The school operated until Szkola dzialala do 1986 roku, Muzeum 1986, and the Museum continues to nadal sluzy publicznosci. serve the public to this day. Muzeum Ksiyzy Marianow w Faw• The Marian Fathers' Museum at ley Court powstalo przy polskiej szko• Fawley Court arose alongside the Polish Ie zalozonej w 1953 r. przez o. Jozefa school founded in 1953 by Fr. J6zef J arz~bowskiego. Podstawowq cz~sc Jarzybowski. The Museum's core mate- ;l..A:JLILJ..Uil j,;1V :l-.l-J....;lJlJiJ...l ,[JU1Jl 5 &:~~JZ~. FAWLEY COURT - historia Patacu i Muzeum ,~~ .. '" .,_.,,'. 'di..iit.;".,,.;,;,,.,;;.;;.,;j,i.;:'::,;;,!,;.,.'i:.I'"',",~',i;.';;'.~.'~_~'.",';,;!,.!;.iJ.if.,,",,,,,Ii/,,,..,,,, •• ,~';"".~';:'!ii ••~' •..,~.,,;..,,,"J;.i,;,":-:.,~~',";"~~'~.,.~,,,,,,,,;k:.o;..;..';"',~,.;j

f'I:)o:::ef far:::{?iJOH's/1i o.)ozefJar:::{?iJo1US/ii ,'vJJC (I8.97-1.9()4), the (18.97-1,96'4), c;ato~l}cicl fOlllldcrofthc Divinc S:::/IO(I}f(ol(f!iwJ1 lvICI'CJ!Collcgc alld !302C[!O;vlitosi crd:::ia i tll'orea ;v[ll:::cllln creator of the Muscu /11

zbiorow stanowiq eksponaty z dziala• rials are comprised of exhibits taken jqcego w okresie mitidzywojennym from the museum that during the inter• muzeum przy Gimnazjum Zgromadze• war period operated alongside the nia Ksitizy Marian6w na Bielanach Middle School run by the Congregation w Warszawie. Ocalale z wojny zbiory of Marian Fathers in Warsaw's Bielany zacztito zwozic do Anglii w koncu lat district. The collections that had sur• piticdziesiqtych XX w. Byly to g16wnie vived the War began to be transferred to zabytki zwiqzane z powstaniem stycz• England in the 1950s. They mostly niowym 1863 roku, w tym pamiqtki included historic artefacts pertaining to po Romualdzie Trauguttcie, dokumen• the January Uprising of 1863 (notably, ty kr6l6w, wodz6w i bohater6w naro• the memoirs of Romuald Traugutt, the dovvych, autografy literackie oraz Uprising's final leader), along with ksiqzki i druki ulotne. papers of Polish kings, statesmen and Okres najprtizniejszej dzialalnosci national heroes, as well as original liter• i powitikszania zbiorow przypadl na ary manuscripts, books and brochures. lata 50. i 60. XX w. Liczni goscie od• The most intensive efforts to increase wiedzali muzealne wystavvy, biblio• the size of the Museum's collections teka sluzyla szkole. W odpowiedzi were expended in the 1950s and 60s. na apel skierowany do Polonii w Wiel• Numerous guests then visited the kiej Brytanii ofiarowano rodzinne Museum's exhibitions, and the library pamiqtki, ksitigozbiory i dokumen• served the school. In response to an ty, powstalo Towarzystwo Przyjaci61 appeal addressed to the Polish commu• Fawley Court wspierajqce finanso• nity in Great Britain, family papers, wo szkolti i Muzeum. Zbiory powitik• book collections and documents were szaly siti rowniez przez zakupy od offered to the Museum. Moreover, the kolekcjonerow i antykwariuszy w An- Society of Friends of Fawley Court, .,"t~~~IX,S=Q1JRL:: hi§.~2Lia. paJj!.£ u

Tile spectacles of Olllllill!) ostamie/fo ROlllzwld Trallglltt d,ljlaatora pO!£Istallia (1826-1864), the st.lJclliOJul/jo 1863 I: finallmderofthe ROlllllalda TraU/flitta 1863.!anllill;Zj (1826-1864) Uprisill/f against the T~arist rule of PolCllIII glii, Francji, Wloszech, Polsce i Niem• which then had come into being, active• czech. ly lent financial assistance to the school Dzi~ki staraniom kolejnych przelo• and Museum. The collections also ionych Zgromadzenia, przede wszyst• increased through purchases made from kim ks. Pawla J asinskiego, zbiory collectors and second-hand book deal• wzbogacily si~ 0 kilkadziesiqt pl6cien ers in England, France, Italy, Poland o tematyce religijnej i zabytkowe me• and Germany. ble. Obrazy nabywano m. in. w domu Owing to the endeavours of succes• aukcyjnym Christie's, cz~s6 to dary sive superiors of the Congregation, in przyjaci61. W 1965 roku do Muzeum particular those of Fr. Pawel Jasinski, trafily pamiqtki po gen. J 6zefie Halle• the collections were enriched with seve• rze. W 1966 roku Witold Buchowski ral dozen religious paintings and with podarowal kolekcj~ polskiej historycz• antique furniture. Some paintings were nej broni bialej, a w 1985 roku Zyg• purchased at Christie's, others came as munt Stanislaw Ipohorski-Lenkiewicz gifts from patrons. In 1965 the Museum ofiarowal zbi6r bialej broni, obejmujq• received the memoirs of General J 6zef cy eksponaty z calego swiata. Haller (1873-1960). In 1966 Witold Zbiory Muzeum powi~kszajq si~ na• Buchowski presented the Museum with dal dzi~ki darom Polonii. Najcz~sciej a Polish sword collection, and in 1985 sq to przedwojenne pamiqtki rodzinne Zygmunt Stanislaw Ipohorski-Lenkie• oraz swiadectwa walki Polak6w na wicz presented yet another, this time frontach II wojny swiatowej i martyro• one made up of swords from the world logii pod okupacja niemieckq czy so• over. wieckq: mundury, odznaczenia ele• The Museum's collections continue to menty uzbrojenia, oftarze polowe r6i• grow thanks to gifts offered by Britain's nych formacji, materialy archiwalne Polish community. Said gifts most often zwiqzane z dzialalnosciq wladz woj• include the pre-war papers of Polish skowych czy cywilnych na vvychodi• families, as well as documents regarding the armed struggle of Poles on World stwie. Sq to takie dziela artyst6w dzia- U~l1i FAWLEY COURT - historia Patacu i Muzeum ."~,,,-, ~ ~_ ...J.""," ~ •• _ "~

Kolcli4ja pcrshicj The Pcrsiall biali:j brolli sH'ord collectioll

lajqcych na emigracji, m.in. p16tna War Two's various fronts and the war i akwarele Kazimierza Pacewicza crimes committed then by Germans and (1895-1974) . Soviets against the Polish population, W 1979 r. Muzeum zostalo jednym Other donations include military uni• z czlonk6w-zalozycieli Stalej Konfe• forms, medals, weapons, field altars and rencji Muze6w, Biblioteki i Archiw6w archival materials concerning the activ• Polskich na Zachodzie. W 1982 roku, ities of Poland's civil and military po wpisaniu do rejestr6w, otwarto authorities in exile. Also to be found are Fawley Court dla publicznosci. Obec• the works of emigre artists, if only to nie do zwiedzania udostypniona jest mention those of the painter Kazimierz cZysc pokoi na parterze i na pierw• Pacewicz (1895-1974), In 1979 the szym piytrze palacu z zachowanym Museum was a founding member of the zabytkowym charakterem wnytrz i za• Permanent Conference of Polish Mu• aranzowanymi w nich stalymi ekspo• seums, Libraries and Archives in the zycjami malarstwa, broni, grafiki, West. In 1982, fo11owing its legal reg• rysunku i dawnej ksiqzki oraz ekspo• istry, Fawley Court was opened to the zycjq. historycznq. w Sali "Drogi do public. Presently guests may visit a Niepodleglosci". number of the rooms on the ground floor and the first floor that have pre• served the historical character of their interiors. Moreover, the rooms that may be seen boast permanent exhibitions of paintings, weapons, graphic prints, drawings and early books. There is also a historical exhibition in one of the large rooms entitled 'Poland's Road to Independence'. i..il.i'J.ll Jl A..Jl.J.J. 4..lLil .1~~JlJi .il..;t JlJl.'i:l,J1 ~r--.,y-~~,;" •... -, --:,::~w-'-"'-' ""-:', ,:"'-;' ~,' -,j " .• >. ''. ~ ".- .•.... ' ••...•.•..•.•...•.•. , .•. 1..,..~ ...•.•.. ..•...... _1 \ W,4i/.7! ..",.,;'" :"\ '\"~ .>:,:," "~li."J ..J"r"••...'...\_~. .., I''..'\;/"'" ,.~/.~,.• /,/'. '."'! · Fawley Court ~~:J :J- Historic House and Museum

H enley-on- Thames Oxon RG9 3AE

Fawley Court by Sir Christopher Wren (1684) CON EGATIO OF MARIAN FATHERS THE SECOND EDITION

Since the first edition of this brochure there have been some changes and further development of the museum. The museum at Fawley Court originally intended to serve the school, which existed here from 1953 to 1986, has long gone beyond this limited role, having become an important istitution and for years now has shown Poles and others some of Poland's history and her part in Western European culture. During the forty years of Fawley Court and the museum cared for by the congregation of Marian Fathers, a number of people worked hard in maintaining this historic house and its many collections, however one cannot fail to mention the founder, Fr. Joseph and one of hi~.successors, Fr. Paul, todays Director of this museum. Due to their enthusiasm and appreciation of fine arts and historical objects they devotedly gathered -and encouraged others to collect any valuables and documents of national importance to present and future generations of Poles.

1 b~', Apart from many such exhibits, about six years ago the museum received a marvellous collection of historic sabres and other hand weapons, dating from 16th to 19th century, from a notable Polish collector, Mr. Z. Ipohorski~Lenkiewicz. During the last two years it ha.sbeen possible to recreate the room in which the late Father Joseph worked and wrote a number of historical books. Nowadays, we are happy to be able to share these Polish mementos with our visitors and friends. Museum Curator

Watergate over the stream to the design of John Freeman in 18th century.

2 Fawlev Court. View from the south.

A HISTORY OF FAWLEY COURT

The handsome building of Fawley Court stands on a site that has been occupied for over a thousand years. The name "Fawley" comes from the Old English word for fallow deer, great herds of which once roamed this countryside. In Saxon times, records show that Tostig, son of Earl Godwin, held the manor of "Falley" when was created Earl of Northumberland by Edward the Confessor.

After the Norman conquest, Fawley manor was a reward from William I to his brother-in-law, Walter Gifford, one of the leading compilers of the Doomsday book. The Normans policed their new country by putting reliable and powerful men in the manors of England, and Sir William de Sakeville was "one Knight's fee in Fawley" from 1079. The Sackvflles built a fortified manor house in the 12th century and today part of this exists in the fine stone arches springing from central pillars in the basement. The family held Fawley for nearly 400 years until the 1470's when the manor passed in marriage to Thomas Rokes, created Sheriff of Buckinghamshire by Henry IV.

3 "Folly" at Fawley Court park erected by Freemans.

In 1616 Fawley was sold do Sir James Whitelock, a noted judge who shortly afterwards bought Phyllis Court and Henley Park to round out his estate. His son, Sir Bulstrode Whitelock was also famous as a judge and parliamentarian, the chairman of the committee who sentenced Strafford to death and the only one of the judges who, Strafford said, "used him like a gentleman". In lighter moments he presented a Masque before King Charles at Whitehall.

4 The Hall- looking towards the Library

When the Civil War broke out, Fawley was caught in the crossfire between Royalist troops under Prince Rupert and the Roundheads. Because Sir Bulstrode was a wellknown supporter of Parliament, Royalist soldiers took Fawley Court apart, destroying all they could lay their hands on, and finally went off with the coach and all the horses. Extensive damage was done to the building by shelling in various engagements, and when Sir Bulstrode was appointed Governor by Cromwell, he had to live at Phyllis Court.

Sir Bulstrode did well under Cromwell, ending up as Ambassador to Sweden, but had to face swingeing fines when Charles II was restored to the throne - £ 90,000 for his activities in the Civil War. He managed to keep the estate intact to hand on to his son, but the second Sir James was forced to sell to Col. William Freeman, who began the work of rebuilding. He asked his friend the famous Sir Christopher Wren to design a fine family residence and Fawely Court was completed in 1684. Five years later, William of Orange on his march from Torbay to London called in at Fawley Court with his wife Mary on their way to their coronation. In 1690 - the date is quite clear - the famous woodcarver and sculptor, Grinling Gibbons was responsible for the design of the outstanding ceiling in the Drawing Room, one of only three ceilings of this kind in the country. 5