DOCSLIB.ORG

How Mycorrhizal Associations Influence Orchid Distribution and Population Dynamics Taiqiang Li, Shimao Wu, Wenke Yang, Marc-André Selosse, Jiangyun Gao

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
How Mycorrhizal Associations Influence Orchid Distribution and Population Dynamics Taiqiang Li, Shimao Wu, Wenke Yang, Marc-André Selosse, Jiangyun Gao How Mycorrhizal Associations Influence Orchid Distribution and Population Dynamics Taiqiang Li, Shimao Wu, Wenke Yang, Marc-André Selosse, Jiangyun Gao To cite this version: Taiqiang Li, Shimao Wu, Wenke Yang, Marc-André Selosse, Jiangyun Gao. How Mycorrhizal Associ- ations Influence Orchid Distribution and Population Dynamics. Frontiers in Plant Science, Frontiers, 2021, 12, pp.647114. 10.3389/fpls.2021.647114. hal-03235972 HAL Id: hal-03235972 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-03235972 Submitted on 26 May 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. REVIEW published: 07 May 2021 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.647114 How Mycorrhizal Associations Influence Orchid Distribution and Population Dynamics Taiqiang Li 1,2, Shimao Wu 1,2, Wenke Yang 1,2, Marc-André Selosse 1,2,3,4 and Jiangyun Gao 1,2* 1 Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China, 2 Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China, 3 Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, UMR 7205, CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France, 4 Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland Orchid distribution and population dynamics are influenced by a variety of ecological factors and the formation of holobionts, which play key roles in colonization and ecological community construction. Seed germination, seedling establishment, reproduction, and survival of orchid species are strongly dependent on orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF), with mycorrhizal cheating increasingly observed in photosynthetic orchids. Therefore, changes in the composition and abundance of OMF can have profound effects on orchid distribution and fitness. Network analysis is an important tool for the study of interactions between Edited by: Nadia Lombardi, plants, microbes, and the environment, because of the insights that it can provide into Università degli Studi di Napoli the interactions and coexistence patterns among species. Here, we provide a Federico II, Italy comprehensive overview, systematically describing the current research status of the Reviewed by: Lawrence W. Zettler, effects of OMF on orchid distribution and dynamics, phylogenetic signals in orchid–OMF Illinois College, United States interactions, and OMF networks. We argue that orchid–OMF associations exhibit Franck Richard, complementary and specific effects that are highly adapted to their environment. Such UMR5175 Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), specificity of associations may affect the niche breadth of orchid species and act as a France stabilizing force in plant–microbe coevolution. We postulate that network analysis is *Correspondence: required to elucidate the functions of fungal partners beyond their effects on germination Jiangyun Gao [email protected] and growth. Such studies may lend insight into the microbial ecology of orchids and provide a scientific basis for the protection of orchids under natural conditions in an efficient Specialty section: and cost-effective manner. This article was submitted to Plant Symbiotic Interactions, Keywords: orchid mycorrhizal fungi, orchid performance, complementary selection, environmental variables, a section of the journal evolutionary constraints, mycorrhizal networks, keystone taxa Frontiers in Plant Science Received: 29 December 2020 Accepted: 13 April 2021 Published: 07 May 2021 INTRODUCTION Citation: Mycorrhizal associations play a key role in generating and maintaining plant diversity. Such Li T, Wu S, Yang W, Selosse M-A and associations not only enhance the acquisition, transmission, and cycling of nutrients in Gao J (2021) How Mycorrhizal Associations Influence Orchid plants, but also mediate interactions among different plants and between plants and Distribution and Population Dynamics. non-mycorrhizal fungi (Tedersoo et al., 2020). A growing body of research suggests that Front. Plant Sci. 12:647114. mycorrhizal symbionts are important drivers of biogeographic patterns, distributions, community doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.647114 dynamics, and the health of plants, mediated by their effects on dispersal and coexistence Frontiers in Plant Science | www.frontiersin.org 1 May 2021 | Volume 12 | Article 647114 Li et al. Roles of OMF in Orchid Distribution of species (Delavaux et al., 2019; Trivedi et al., 2020). For These clues strongly suggest that environmental factors may example, ectomycorrhizae (EcM) interact with pathogenic indirectly affect orchid distribution and population dynamics fungi to maintain community diversity (Chen et al., 2019a). by driving niche partitioning in OMF communities. Similarly, The family Orchidaceae is extremely diverse (with 28,000+ OMF can decompose carbon and nitrogen sources in soil species), widely distributed across highly heterogeneous organic matter and transfer them to the associated host orchids microenvironments, and exhibits large spatiotemporal variation (Rasmussen, 1995). In addition, orchids often share EcM with in population size (Givnish et al., 2016; Fay, 2018; Djordjević neighboring trees, hence orchid mycorrhiza may mediate the and Tsiftsis, 2020). A common feature of all orchids is their significant effect of vegetation types on orchid niche partitioning obligatory dependence on orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF), (Waterman and Bidartondo, 2008; Jacquemyn et al., 2016a). which makes the presence of suitable OMF or co-dispersal Orchid fungi are divided into OMF and orchid with partners a prerequisite for the establishment and non-mycorrhizal fungi (ONF) based on whether or not functional maintenance of orchid populations (Dearnaley et al., 2012; pelotons are present in cortical cells. OMF include at least 17 McCormick and Jacquemyn, 2014). Mycorrhizal symbiosis is families of basidiomycetes and five families or genera of especially important for plants associated with OMF and EcM, ascomycetes (Dearnaley, 2007; Dearnaley et al., 2012). as they often have high mycorrhizal specificityPõlme ( et al., Tulasnellaceae, Ceratobasidiaceae, and Serendipitaceae are most 2018). Most species of EcM fungi exhibit short-distance commonly known as rhizoctonia-type Basidiomycetes. dispersal and therefore, have limited ranges of distribution Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes are relatively abundant in the (Sato et al., 2012; Tedersoo et al., 2020). Although the major tree roots of forest ecosystems and cultivated species worldwide mycorrhizal partners of terrestrial orchids appear to favor a (Cregger et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2019a; Trivedi et al., 2020), cross-scale distribution with specificity ranging from wide to and are commonly associated with orchids as well. Interestingly, very narrow (Jacquemyn et al., 2017; Swarts and Dixon, 2017), a large proportion of ascomycetes associated with orchids are comparatively little is known about the diversity and ONF. For example, Helotiales endophytes are the dominant biogeography of the associated mycorrhizae of epiphytic orchids. group of ONF associated with host orchids in different habitats Therefore, the interaction between OMF and orchids is a as well as major players in plant–fungus associations in a key factor determining orchid distribution and development, variety of forest ecotypes (Toju et al., 2013; Jacquemyn et al., and diversity of OMF has a strong impact on the niche and 2016a, 2017). Previous studies have identified more than 110 life cycle of host orchids. For instance, low OMF diversity genera of ONF, including 76 genera of ascomycetes and 32 and high heterogeneity in OMF community composition may genera of basidiomycetes (Ma et al., 2015). Although ONF lead to weak growth of orchid populations (Kaur et al., 2020). are often overlooked, recent studies have highlighted their Orchids exhibit astonishing morphological characteristics, importance in the promotion of orchid seed germination and such as labella and modified petals, that indicate their substantial performance as well as changes in the composition of key adaptability to the environment (Zhang et al., 2018). On one chemicals such as sugars. Moreover, they also play a role in hand, interactions with specific pollinators promote the mobilizing soil nutrients in the rhizosphere to improve orchid reproduction of orchids; on the other hand, symbiotic fungi viability and environmental adaptability, and serve as new are required for soil exploitation (Selosse, 2014). Greater sources of phytochemicals and bioactive substances to protect environmental heterogeneity and a wider range of resource the host from soil pathogens. Hence, these ONF provide the availability usually contribute to the increase of orchid species plants with promising medicinal and agricultural breeding diversity (Schödelbauerová et al., 2009; Traxmandlová et al., prospects (Chen et al., 2006; Yuan et al., 2009; Aly et al., 2018). Thus, untangling the role of environmental conditions 2010; Novotná et al., 2018; Sisti et al., 2019;
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Recent Developments in the Study of Orchid Mycorrhiza
    Plant and Soil 244: 149–163, 2002. 149 © 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Recent developments in the study of orchid mycorrhiza Hanne N. Rasmussen Danish Forest & Landscape Research Institute, 11 Hoersholm Kongevej, DK 2970 Hoersholm, Denmark∗ Received 21 August 2001. Accepted in revised form 12 December 2001 Key words: basidiomycetes, mycoheterotrophy, Orchidaceae, plant-fungal relationships, specificity, symbiosis Abstract Orchids are mycoheterotrophic during their seedling stage and in many species the dependency on fungi as a carbohydrate source is prolonged into adulthood. The mycobionts in orchid mycorrhiza belong in at least 5 major taxonomic groups of basidiomycetes. Traditional records have mainly focused on saprotrophic mycobionts but the participation of both ectomycorrhizal and parasitic fungi in orchid mycorrhiza has been corroborated. There is an increasing evidence of specific relationships between orchids and fungi, though usually not on a species-to-species level. Physiological compatibility demonstrated under artificial conditions, as in vitro, may be much broader, however. Recent development of field sowing techniques has improved the possibilities of evaluating orchid- fungal relations in an ecological context. Although the general nutrient flow in orchid mycorrhiza is well known, some questions remain regarding breakdown processes of fungi within orchid tissues, especially the ptyophagic syndrome that has recently been illustrated at the ultrastructural level for the first time. Energy sources for orchid mycorrhiza in the field sociate with species of Cymbidium and Gastrodia (Fan et al., 1996; Lan et al., 1996), are acknowledged sapro- Fungi associated with orchid mycorrhiza (OM) have trophs. Lentinus edodes Berk., the shiitake mushroom, traditionally been mostly regarded as saprotrophs, that is a white-rot saprotroph, can support the devel- dead organic material thus being the energy source opment of a chlorophyll-deficient orchid, Erythrorchis for the symbiosis.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity and Roles of Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Bee Orchid Ophrys Apifera
    Diversity and Roles of Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Bee Orchid Ophrys apifera By Wazeera Rashid Abdullah April 2018 A Thesis submitted to the University of Liverpool in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy Table of Contents Page No. Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. xiv Abbreviations ............................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Abstract ................................................................................................................................... 2 1 Chapter one: Literature review: ........................................................................................ 3 1.1 Mycorrhiza: .................................................................................................................... 3 1.1.1Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) or Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM): ........... 5 1.1.2 Ectomycorrhiza: ...................................................................................................... 5 1.1.3 Ectendomycorrhiza: ................................................................................................ 6 1.1.4 Ericoid mycorrhiza, Arbutoid mycorrhiza, and Monotropoid mycorrhiza: ............ 6 1.1.5 Orchid mycorrhiza: ................................................................................................. 7 1.1.5.1 Orchid mycorrhizal interaction: ......................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Continuum of Root–Fungal Symbioses for Plant Nutrition COMMENTARY Marcel G
    COMMENTARY Continuum of root–fungal symbioses for plant nutrition COMMENTARY Marcel G. A. van der Heijdena,b,c, Nina Dombrowskid, and Klaus Schlaeppia,1 Plants accommodate a specific microbiota on and in their roots that, similar to the microbial communities in human or animal guts, supports the host in nutrient acquisition (1). Beneficial associations with fungi are widespread in the plant kingdom and probably best known are so-called mycorrhizal symbioses (Fig. 1), which are formed between soil fungi and ∼90% of land plants (2). In these partnerships, fungi provide limiting nutrients such as phosphorus (P) in return for photosynthetically fixed carbon from the plant host. Up to 80% of plant P can be derived from the sym- bionts, underpinning the importance of these asso- ciations for plant nutrition. However, ∼10% of all plants do not form mycorrhizal associations, and this prompts the question how nonmycorrhizal plants like Fig. 1. Associations between plants and the fungal root microbiota. Different types of mycorrhizal associations include Glomeromycete fungi forming the Brassicaceae manage to scavenge sufficient arbuscular mycorrhiza with most vascular plants. Ascomycete and Basidiomycete amounts of soil nutrients, especially when growing members form ecto-mycorrhizal symbiosis (mostly with trees), orchid mycorrhiza in nutrient poor environments? with orchids, and ericoid mycorrhizas with plants of the Ericaceae family. Moreover, recent studies demonstrate that the Mucoromycotina, a basal fungal A Functional Plant–Fungal Association in a lineage close to the Glomeromycetes, forms symbiotic associations with a wide range of plants (not shown) (16, 17). Emerging studies indicate that various Nonmycorrhizal Plant nonmycorrhizal plants have the ability to form a functional symbiosis with In PNAS, Almario et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation and Phylogenetic Relationship of Orchid-Mycorrhiza from Spathoglottis Plicata of Papua Using Mitochondrial Ribosomal Large Subunit (Mt-Ls) DNA
    BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 13, Number 2, April 2012 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 59-64 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d130202 Isolation and phylogenetic relationship of orchid-mycorrhiza from Spathoglottis plicata of Papua using mitochondrial ribosomal large subunit (mt-Ls) DNA SUPENI SUFAATI♥, VERENA AGUSTINI, SUHARNO Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cenderawasih (UNCEN), Jayapura 99358, Papua, Indonesia. Tel. +62-967-572116. email: [email protected]; [email protected], [email protected] Manuscript received: 26 June 2011. Revision accepted: 16 April 2012. ABSTRACT Sufaati S, Agustini V, Suharno. 2012. Isolation and phylogenetic relationship of orchid-mycorrhiza from Spathoglottis plicata of Papua using mitochondrial ribosomal large subunit (mt-Ls) DNA. Biodiversitas 13: 59-64. All terrestrial mycorrhiza have mutual symbiotic with mycorrhizal fungi in order to gain nutrient from surrounding environment. This study was done to isolate and to identify mycorrhiza orchid that associates with Spathoglottis plicata and were collected from Cagar Alam Pegunungan Cycloops (CAPC), Jayapura. Isolation of mycorrhizal orchid came after the modified method of Manoch and Lohsomboon (1992). The result showed that based on the morphological characteristic, there were presumably 14 isolations. However, only 2 isolations have been known, namely Rhizoctonia sp. and Tulasnella sp., while the rest were not identified yet. Among them, the DNA of the 11 isolations were able to be extracted for further analysis. The constructed phylogenetic tree performed that those species could be grouped into 4 major clusters. Two species, Rhizoctonia sp. and Tulasnella sp. were in different clusters. Key words: Spathoglottis plicata, orchid-mycorrhiza, Rhizoctonia, Tulasnella, Papua INTRODUCTION therefore they will absorb water and certain minerals (Suarez et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Large-Scale Genome Sequencing of Mycorrhizal Fungi Provides Insights Into the Early Evolution of Symbiotic Traits
    Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title Large-scale genome sequencing of mycorrhizal fungi provides insights into the early evolution of symbiotic traits. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1pc0z4nx Journal Nature communications, 11(1) ISSN 2041-1723 Authors Miyauchi, Shingo Kiss, Enikő Kuo, Alan et al. Publication Date 2020-10-12 DOI 10.1038/s41467-020-18795-w Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18795-w OPEN Large-scale genome sequencing of mycorrhizal fungi provides insights into the early evolution of symbiotic traits Shingo Miyauchi et al.# Mycorrhizal fungi are mutualists that play crucial roles in nutrient acquisition in terrestrial ecosystems. Mycorrhizal symbioses arose repeatedly across multiple lineages of Mucor- 1234567890():,; omycotina, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota. Considerable variation exists in the capacity of mycorrhizal fungi to acquire carbon from soil organic matter. Here, we present a combined analysis of 135 fungal genomes from 73 saprotrophic, endophytic and pathogenic species, and 62 mycorrhizal species, including 29 new mycorrhizal genomes. This study samples ecologically dominant fungal guilds for which there were previously no symbiotic genomes available, including ectomycorrhizal Russulales, Thelephorales and Cantharellales. Our ana- lyses show that transitions from saprotrophy to symbiosis involve (1) widespread losses of degrading enzymes acting on lignin and cellulose, (2) co-option of genes present in sapro- trophic ancestors to fulfill new symbiotic functions, (3) diversification of novel, lineage- specific symbiosis-induced genes, (4) proliferation of transposable elements and (5) diver- gent genetic innovations underlying the convergent origins of the ectomycorrhizal guild.
    [Show full text]
  • Mycorrhizal Fungi Affect Orchid Distribution and Population Dynamics
    Review Research review Mycorrhizal fungi affect orchid distribution and population dynamics Author for correspondence: Melissa K. McCormick Melissa K. McCormick 1,2 Canchani-Viruet 1 2 Tel: +1443 4822433 Email: [email protected] Received: 10 April 2018 Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA; Universidad Accepted: 17 April 2018 Metropolitana, Escuela de Ciencias y Tecnologıa, 1399 Avenida Ana G. Mendez, San Juan 00926, Puerto Rico 1 1 , Dennis F. Whigham and Armando Summary New Phytologist (2018) doi: Symbioses are ubiquitous in nature and influence individual plants and populations. Orchids have 10.1111/nph.15223 life history stages that depend fully or partially on fungi for carbon and other essential resources. As a result, orchid populations depend on the distribution of orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMFs). We Key words: fungal distribution, fungus focused on evidence that local-scale distribution and population dynamics of orchids can be abundance, mycorrhizae, orchid distribution, limited by the patchy distribution and abundance of OMFs, after an update of an earlier review orchid mycorrhizal fungi, orchid performance, confirmed that orchids are rarely limited by OMF distribution at geographic scales. Recent Orchidaceae. evidence points to a relationship between OMF abundance and orchid density and dormancy, which results in apparent density differences. Orchids were more abundant, less likely to enter dormancy, and more likely to re-emerge when OMF were abundant. We highlight the need for additional studies on OMF quantity, more emphasis on tropical species, and development and application of next-generation sequencing techniques to quantify OMF abundanceinsubstratesanddeterminetheirfunctioninassociationwithorchids.Researchisalso needed to distinguish between OMFs and endophytic fungi and to determine the function of nonmycorrhizalendophytesin orchidroots.These studieswillbeespecially importantifwe areto link orchids and OMFs in efforts to inform conservation.
    [Show full text]
  • Soil P Reduces Mycorrhizal Colonization While Favors
    FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 96, 2020, fiaa178 doi: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa178 Advance Access Publication Date: 26 August 2020 Research Article RESEARCH ARTICLE Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/femsec/article/96/11/fiaa178/5897353 by [email protected] on 28 October 2020 Soil P reduces mycorrhizal colonization while favors fungal pathogens: observational and experimental evidence in Bipinnula (Orchidaceae) Mar´ıa Isabel Mujica1,2,*,†,Mar´ıa Fernanda Perez´ 1,2, Marcin Jakalski3,‡, Florent Martos3 and Marc Andre´ Selosse3,4 1Departamento de Ecolog´ıa, Pontificia Universidad Catolica´ de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile, 2Instituto de Ecolog´ıa and Biodiversidad (IEB), Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile, 3Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80–308, Gdansk, Poland and 4Institut de Systematique,´ Evolution,´ Biodiversite´ (UMR 7205–MNHN, CNRS, Sorbonne Universite,´ EPHE, Universite´ des Antilles), 45 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France ∗Corresponding author: Alameda 340, Santiago, 8331150 Chile. Tel: +56 987671304; E-mail: [email protected] One sentence summary: In situ P addition reduces mycorrhizal colonization in Bipinnula fimbriata in the short term, and this is coupled with an increase in pathogen richness. Editor: Petr Baldrian †Mar´ıa Isabel Mujica, http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0826-6455 ‡Marcin Jakalski, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-9148 ABSTRACT Little is known about the soil factors influencing root-associated fungal communities in Orchidaceae. Limited evidence suggests that soil nutrients may modulate the association with orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF), but their influence on non-mycorrhizal fungi remains unexplored. To study how nutrient availability affects mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal fungi associated with the orchid Bipinnula fimbriata, we conducted a metagenomic investigation within a large population with variable soil conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Mycorrhizal Association in Porpax Reticulata an Epiphytic Orchid from Western Ghats, India
    Plant Archives Volume 20 No. 1, 2020 pp. 2614-2616 e-ISSN:2581-6063 (online), ISSN:0972-5210 MYCORRHIZAL ASSOCIATION IN PORPAX RETICULATA AN EPIPHYTIC ORCHID FROM WESTERN GHATS, INDIA Bukhari Mehtab Jahan Department of Botany, Government College of Arts, Science & Commerce, Quepem-403 705 (Goa), India. Abstract Porpax reticulata is a very small epiphytic or lithophytic orchid. Pseudobulbs are greenish, discoid 0.5 cm to 1.5 cm in diameter, enclosed in a sheath of reticulated fibres. Roots are thin light green in colour. Present investigation was carried out to report the mycorrhizal association in the roots of Porpax reticulata obtained from Western Ghats. An important observation in the present study is the occurrence of infection not only in the cells of cortical region but also in the layers of the cortex adjoining the endodermis. Some of the endodemal cells were also seen with hyphal entry in the stellar region. Key words: Porpax reticulate, Pelotons, Western Ghats Introduction mycorrhizal association in epiphytic orchid are scarce (Senthilkumar et al., 2000; Bukhari and Herlekar, 2015).) Mycorrhizal association were known since 1880’s The present investigation is an attempt to study the (Frank, 1885). It constitutes one of nature’s most endosymbiotic association in an epiphytic orchid Porpax ubiquitous, widespread, persistent and interesting examples reticulata from Western Ghats. of parasitism. All the orchid seeds growing in wild requires association of the fungus for the purpose of germination. Materials and methods It was in 1903 Noel Bernard, a French Physiologist who Porpax reticulata (Lindl.) was collected from first discovered that a fungus was necessary for the Amboli hills (2673 ft above MSL) from the neighbouring germination of orchid seeds.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS in ORCHID MYCORRHIZA
    Lankesteriana International Journal on Orchidology ISSN: 1409-3871 [email protected] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica RASMUSSEN, HANNE. N.; RASMUSSEN, FINN N. TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS IN ORCHID MYCORRHIZA – DIVERSITY AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION Lankesteriana International Journal on Orchidology, vol. 7, núm. 1-2, marzo, 2007, pp. 334-341 Universidad de Costa Rica Cartago, Costa Rica Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44339813069 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative LANKESTERIANA 7(1-2): 334-341. 2007. TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS IN ORCHID MYCORRHIZA – DIVERSITY AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION 1,3 2 HANNE. N. RASMUSSEN & FINN N. RASMUSSEN 1 Dept. of Forestry, University of Copenhagen, Hoersholm Kongevej 11, Hoersholm 2970, Denmark 2 Dept. of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Gothersgade 140, Copenhagen 1123, Denmark 3 Author for correspondence: [email protected] KEY WORDS: food limitation, heterotrophy, life history, mycophagy, predator-prey, senile populations Introduction Orchid mycorrhiza is still considered a unilateral relationship Orchid species are perennial, and though demo- graphic data suggest that the family includes r- as Transport of carbohydrates from fungi to seedlings well as K-strategists (Whigham & Willems 2003), of orchids has been amply demonstrated, beginning most species are potentially long-lived. Individual with Smith’s experiments (1966, 1967). There is no plants may be kept in living plant collections or in other feasible explanation for the long-term deficien- nature reserves for practically unlimited periods of cy in the photoassimilating apparatus known from time.
    [Show full text]
  • Further Advances in Orchid Mycorrhizal Research
    Complete Citation: Dearnaley, John (2007). Further advances in orchid mycorrhizal research. Mycorrhiza, 17 (6), 475-486. ISSN 0940-6360. Accessed from USQ ePrints http://eprints.usq.edu.au REVIEW Further advances in orchid mycorrhizal research John D.W. Dearnaley Faculty of Sciences and Australian Centre for Sustainable Catchments, The University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia. e-mail: [email protected] phone: +61 7 4631 2804 fax: +61 7 4631 1530 Abstract Orchid mycorrhizas are mutualistic interactions between fungi and members of the Orchidaceae, the world’s largest plant family. The majority of the world’s orchids are photosynthetic, a small number of species are myco-heterotrophic throughout their lifetime, and recent research indicates a third mode (mixotrophy) whereby green orchids supplement their photosynthetically fixed carbon with carbon derived from their mycorrhizal fungus. Molecular identification studies of orchid-associated fungi indicate a wide range of fungi might be orchid mycobionts, show common fungal taxa across the globe, and support the view that some orchids have specific fungal interactions. Confirmation of mycorrhizal status requires isolation of the fungi and restoration of functional mycorrhizas. New methods may now be used to store orchid-associated fungi, and store and germinate seed, leading to more efficient culture of orchid species. However, many orchid mycorrhizas must be synthesised before conservation of these associations can be attempted in the field. Further gene expression studies of orchid mycorrhizas are needed to better understand the establishment and maintenance of the interaction. These data will add to efforts to conserve this diverse and valuable association. Keywords orchid mycorrhizas mixotrophy myco-heterotrophy Rhizoctonia Russulaceae Introduction The Orchidaceae is the world’s largest plant family with estimates of more than 25, 000 species (Jones 2006).
    [Show full text]
  • In Situ Seed Baiting to Isolate Germination-Enhancing Fungi for an Epiphytic Orchid, Dendrobium Aphyllum (Orchidaceae)
    Mycorrhiza DOI 10.1007/s00572-014-0565-8 ORIGINAL PAPER In situ seed baiting to isolate germination-enhancing fungi for an epiphytic orchid, Dendrobium aphyllum (Orchidaceae) Xiao-Meng Zi & Chun-Ling Sheng & Uromi Manage Goodale & Shi-Cheng Shao & Jiang-YunGao Received: 29 November 2013 /Accepted: 30 January 2014 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 Abstract Orchid conservation efforts, using seeds and species- seed imbibition, protocorm formation, and two-leaved seed specific fungi that support seed germination, require the isola- development of Tulasnella inoculated seeds (P<0.0001). Be- tion, identification, and germination enhancement testing of cause the germination stage success was not dependent on symbiotic fungi. However, few studies have focused on devel- fungi, we recommend that Tulasnella be introduced for facili- oping such techniques for the epiphytes that constitute the tating D. aphyllum seed germination at the protocorm formation majority of orchids. In this study, conducted in Xishuangbanna stage and that light be provided for increasing germination as Tropical Botanical Garden, Yunnan, China, we used seeds of well as further seedling development. Our findings suggest that Dendrobium aphyllum, a locally endangered and medicinally in situ seed baiting can be used to isolate seed germination- valuable epiphytic orchid, to attract germination promoting enhancing fungi for the development of seedling production for fungi. Of the two fungi isolated from seed baiting, Tulasnella conservation and reintroduction efforts of epiphytic orchids spp. and Trichoderma spp., Tulasnella, enhanced seed germina- such as D. aphyllum. tion by 13.6 %, protocorm formation by 85.7 %, and seedling development by 45.2 % (all P<0.0001). Epulorhiza, another Keywords Dendrobium aphyllum .
    [Show full text]
  • MOLECULAR ECOLOGY Mycorrhizal Specificity in the Fully
    MOLECULAR ECOLOGY Molecular Ecology �2011) 20, 1303-1316 doi: 10.1111 /j.1365-294X.2011.05000.x Mycorrhizal specificity in the fully mycoheterotrophic Hexalectris Raf. (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae) l AARON H. KENNEDY,* D. LEE TAYLORt and LINDA E. WA T SON*:j: *Department of Botany, Miami University, 700 East High Street, Oxford, OH 45056-3616, USA, tUniversity of Alaska, Institute of Arctic Biology, 205 West Research Building, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7000, USA, :j:Department of Botany, Oklahoma State University, 104 Life Sciences East (LSE), Stillwater, OK 74078-3013, USA Abstract Mycoheterotrophic species have abandoned an autotrophic lifestyle and obtain carbon exclusively from mycorrhizal fungi. Although these species have evolved independently in many plant families, such events have occurred most often in the Orchidaceae, resulting in the highest concentration of these species in the tracheophytes. Studies of mycoheterotrophic species' mycobionts have generally revealed extreme levels of mycorrhizal specialization, suggesting that this system is ideal for studying the evolution of mycorrhizal associations. However, these studies have often investigated single or few, often unrelated, species without consideration of their phylogenetic relationships. Herein, we present the first investigation of the mycorrhizal associates of all species of a well-characterized orchid genus comprised exclusively of mycoheterotrophic species. With the employment of molecular phylogenetic methods, we identify the fungal associates of each of nine Hexalectris species from 134 individuals and 42 populations. We report that Hexalectris warnockii associates exclusively with members of the Thelephor­ aceae, H. brevicaulis and H. grandiflora associate with members of the Russulaceae and Sebacinaceae subgroup A, while each member of the H. spicata species complex associates primarily with unique sets of Sebacinaceae subgroup A clades.
    [Show full text]