Hariyo Ban Nepal Ko Dhan Program

HARIYO BAN NEPAL KO DHAN PROGRAM

Annual Performance Report Year 5 July, 2015- June, 2016 (Cooperative Agreement No: AID-367-A-11-00003)

Submitted to: Hariyo Ban Program, WWF Nepal Baluwatar, Kathmandu

Submitted by: Hariyo Ban Program, CARE Nepal Pokhara

15 June, 2016

Table of Contents ACRONYMS ...... 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 12 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 15 1.1 Goals and objectives...... 15 1.2 Overview of beneficiaries and stakeholders...... 16 1.3 Working Area ...... 16 2. COMPONENT WISE PROGRESSES ...... 17 2.1 IR 1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION ...... 17 2.1.1 Sub IR 1.2: Threats to targeted Landscapes reduced ...... 17 Sub IR 1.3 Internal governance of community groups responsible for ecosystem management strengthened...... 27 2.1.3 Sub IR 1.4 Income from sustainable sources of livelihood for forest dependent communities increased ...... 46 IR 2: SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT ...... 51 IR 2.1: Analysis, Formulation and Execution of REDD+ Policies and Strategies Supported 53 2.2 Capacity for forest inventory and GHG monitoring, and equitable benefit sharing developed ...... 54 2.3 Drivers of deforestation and forest degradation analyzed and addressed ...... 54 2.4 Payment for carbon credit including ecosystem services tested and expanded ...... 64 2.3 IR-3: CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION ...... 68 2.3.1 Sub-IR 3.1: Government and civil society understanding of vulnerabilities to climate change and adaptation options increased...... 69 2.3.1 Sub-IR 3.1: Government and civil society understanding of vulnerabilities to climate change and adaptation options increased...... 70 2.3.2 Sub IR 3.2 Pilot demonstration actions for vulnerability reduction conducted and expanded...... 78 2.3.3 Sub IR 3.3 Participatory and Simplified systems for vulnerability monitoring established ...... 93

IR 3.4 Creation, amendment and execution of adaptation policies and strategies supported 100 Earthquake Recovery and Reconstruction (ERR Program): ...... 109 Activity wise report of Earthquake recovery and reconstruction program: ...... 110 1.4.1 Staff Management and mobilization ...... 124 1.5 Logistic management ...... 124 Partnership review and reflection ...... 120 Coordination and collaboration: ...... 122 Major Issues and challenges ...... 125 Operating issues ...... 125 Human resource management issues: ...... 126 Programatic issues ...... 126 Lessons learnt ...... 128 Opportunities ...... 129 Prospects for remaining period ...... 129 Annexes...... 131 Annex 1: Hariyo Ban Program Working Areas in FY 2016 ...... 131 Annex 2: Staffs Details ...... 134 Annex 3: The list of the vehicles and equipments ...... 137 Annex 4: Summary of CARE Nepal-Hariyo Ban Program Supported ISWMPs ...... 137 Annex 5: Summary of ISWMPs implementation completed until Year-V ...... 139 Annex 6: Summary of ISWMP implementation ongoing in Year-V ...... 143 Annex 7: Change monitoring in Dhwangkhola ISWMP-Lamjung ...... 145 Annex 8: Summary of upstream-downstream linkage workshops ...... 146 Annex 9: Case/Success stories ...... 148 Annex 10: List of Publications ...... 155

List of Tables

Table 1: Hariyo Ban supported ISWMPs 18 Table 2: Resource Leverage in ISWMP implementation 19 Table 3: Governance data year wise 28 Table 4: Score obtained in different pillars during governance assessment 35 Table 5: Improvement Action plan prepared during CFM governance assessment 36 Table 6: Details of CFOP renewed with the support of Hariyo Ban Program, CARE Nepal in this reporting period 59 Table 7: Details of skill based training participants in support of Hariyo Ban Program, CARE Nepal in this reporting period 61 Table 8: Activities carried out on Day Celebration events (Wetland, Biodiversity, Women, and Environment) in year 5 71 Table 9: Details of activities carried out for ‘Support for strengthening of CCA-DRR Network’. 76 Table 10: A Summary Table of CAPA/LAPA implementation YR5 79 Table 11: Analysis of CAPA/LAPA beneficiaries 81 Table 12: Thematic wise CAPA/LAPA beneficiaries 82 Table 13: Summary Analysis of vulnerability shift in Farm Tole, Banke 95 Table 14: Summary information of implementation of LAPA – Corridor wise (During YR5) 98 Table 15: Summary information of LAPA implementation – Theme wise (During YR5) 98 Table 16: Summary of CAPA implementation – Corridor wise (YR5) 99 Table 17: Summary of CAPA implementation YR 5- Theme wise 99 Table 18: Issues identified and supported by CLAC of Nawalparasi. 104 Table 19: Implemented activities of ERR 113 Table 20: Beneficiaries’ desegregated data: 113

List of Photos Photo 1: Plantation in Bhatkhola-Syangja (left), gabion embankment in Baghkhor, Kerunge- Nawalparasi (mid) and embankment in Betenikhola-Kaski (right) 21 Photo 2: Cover page of Kyangdi ISWMP-Syangja Tanahun 22 Photo 3: Watershed march during upstream downstream workshop in Sirdikhola-Gorkha 23 Photo 4: Detail information of upstream and downstream area of Khagerikhola sub-watershed, Dahakhani, Chitwan 23 Photo 5: Certificate of Appreciation to CARE Nepal for contribution in indoor 27 Photo 6: News coverage about the impact of ICS in Binauna VDC, Banke 27 Photo 7: Spider web of Gadimai CFM 35 Photo 8: Field practice of PWBR in Kristinachnechaur VDC Kaski 37 Photo 9: CLuster level women leadership training at Makwanpur 40

Photo 10: Aiti Maya of Manahari-5 Makawanpur rearing pig (left) and husband of Krishna Devi Thapa Magar, Madi-5, Chitwan working in their Grain mill 47 Photo 11: Bamboo Craft-Muda making training at Bara 56 Photo 12: Yang Maya Tamang spinning wheel in leisure period. 56 Photo 13: Turmeric Cultivation by Unnati CLAC in Ayodhyapuri, Madi 56 Photo 14: Turmeric farming by Sirjanshil CLAC at Aghuali, Kawaswoti 56 Photo 15: Mat making during the training provided as post CLAC support in Kailali 56 Photo 16: Mushroom farming by Pargati CLAC Piple Chitwan 56 Photo 17: Use of ICS in Kopila CFUG, Kailali 57 Photo 18: Use of dund in Bajanath CFUG, Kanchanpur 57 Photo 19: Participants in the GRB and CSB workshop, Chitwan 57 Photo 20: Distributed boards during review reflection program of GRB analysis and CSB practice in Manohara VDC, Makwanpur 59 Photo 21: During field practice of forest fire management at Janashakti CFUG, Makwanpur 60 Photo 22: Planted seedling in rural roadside of Jagreni CF 62 Photo 23: Biological fencing in Majhikhola CFUG, Gorkha 62 Photo 24: Demonstration to use A frame to do contour farming in multi-cropping training at demo site 66 Photo 25: Local Development Officer (LDO) facilitating the DTMC meeting for PES in Lamjung 67 Photo 26: : Participant during CCA training at Rautahat district 70 Photo 27: Rally at Piple, Chitwan during ‘International Women’s Day ‘celebration 71 Photo 28: Pictures and media clips of various day celebrations 72 Photo 29: CCA-DRR networking workshop of Kaski Cluster in Pokhara, Kaski 73 Photo 30: National level ‘Capacity Building Training for NCDMC 74 Photo 31: CDO of Gorkha inaugurating the Training of integration of CCA, DRR, and EFLG to DLAs 75 Photo 32: Group work presentation in the district level workshop on ‘Support for strengthening of CCA-DRR Network’ in Pokhara, Kaski. 76 Photo 33: Glimpses of IPM training in Kamdi 85 Photo 34: Photo point monitoring of LAPA, CAPA Implementation 92 Photo 35: Review and Reflection Meeting at Makwanpur 93 Photo 36: Drip irrigation kit distribution to Chepang Community at Hadikhola VDC, Makwanpur 100 Photo 37: Participants of the national adaptation workshop and addressing by Dr. Krishna Chandra Paudel, Secretary of MoSTE 101 Photo 38: News coverage of the national LAPA sharing workshop 101 Photo 39: LAPa coverpage (left) and handover media clips (right) 103

Photo 41: A glimpse of ‘Differential Impact Assessment’ workshop in Rajdevi CFUG of Gorkha. 105 Photo 40: Glimpse of men and elite engagement initiative in Lamjung 105 Photo 42: CCA/DRR mainstreaming workshop at Barandabhar BZUC, Gitanagar, Bharatpur, Chitwan district. 106 Photo 43: News on mainstreaming of CAPA/LAPA into local planning process. 106 Photo 44: Agricultural tools set distribution in Dhading 111 Photo 45: Agricultural tools distribution in Simjung VDC, Gorkha 111 Photo 46: Debris removal of Mandre School, Barpak-2 (before-left, after-right) 114 Photo 47: Orientation in Dhading 115 Photo 48: Orientation on women grant 116 Photo 49: DEO Dhading during EIE training in Dhading 117 Photo 50: Bio-engineering practice in Budhathum Dhading 120

List of Figures Figure 1: Trend of men and women representation (left) and women representation in vital positions ...... 29 Figure 2: Trend of caste group in EC...... 29 Figure 3: CF member’s discussion at Tribeni mai CFUG, Betkot Kachanpur ...... 30 Figure 4: Allocation of pro poor fund (left) and real expenditure (right) ...... 33 Figure 5: Women Leadership development approach ...... 39 Figure 6: Representation of CLAC members by various Organizations/Institutions/Groups ...... 42 Figure 7: Representation of CLAC members in various bodies by Positions ...... 42 Figure 8 : Process of men champion mobilization and promoting women leaders in NRM groups ...... 44 Figure 9: Year wise LIP support ...... 46 Figure 10: LIP support ethnicity wise in Year-V...... 47 Figure 11: Categories of post CLAC support in the year 5 of Hariyo Ban Program ...... 55 Figure 12: No. of support to CFOPs renewal in different years of Hariyo Ban Program, CARE Nepal ...... 60 Figure 13: VDCs that lie in piloting site of PES in Lamjung ...... 64 Figure 14: Map showing demonstration site for sediment retention activities as a part of PES initiatives in Lamjung ...... 66 Figure 15: Schematic flow of engagement of CARE Nepal and NCDMC in Hariyo Ban Program...... 77 Figure 16: Percentage of people trained in CCA in 5 years (Year wise) in Hariyo Ban Program, CARE Nepal...... 78 Figure 17: CAPA/LAPA Beneficiaries HHs: Theme wise (FY5) ...... 83 Figure 18: HHs (9414) benefited from implementation of adaptation plans -theme wise ...... 83 6

Figure 19: HHs benefited from implementation of Adaptation Plans (YR-5) ...... 84 Figure 20: HHs Benefited from Adaptation Plans Implementation (YR-5) (n=9414) ...... 84 Figure 21: Cumulative Status & Trend Analysis: ...... 85 Figure 22: HHs benefited from CAPA/LAPA implementation (CAPA: 37324; LAPA: 10905) ... 86 Figure 23: Disaggregated information of CAPA/LAPA beneficiaries HHs (Total : 48,229) ...... 86 Figure 24: Trend of Budget Allocation in CAPA/LAPA Implementation ...... 87 Figure 25: Sources of Budget for CAPA/LAPA Implementation cumulative (Total NRs.61,991,560) ...... 87 Figure 26: Shifting Vulnerabilities of HHs : Farm Tole, Banke...... 95 Figure 27: Total Number of CCA DRR activities endorsed per district...... 107 Figure 28: Total budget of CCA DRR activities endorsed per district after the mainstreaming workshops ...... 108 Figure 29: Gauri Dahal in her upgraded business ...... 154

ACRONYMS ABF Additional Biodiversity Fund ACA Annapurna Conservation Area ACAP Annapurna Conservation Area Project ADB Asian Development Bank AEPC Alternative Energy Promotion Centre AWP Annual Work Plan BAFER Balchaur Forest and Environment Resource Development Centre BCT Bahun, Chhetri, Thakuri BZ Buffer Zone BZCF Buffer Zone Community Forest BZCFUG Buffer Zone Community Forest User Group BZUC Buffer Zone User Committee CA Conservation Area CAMC Conservation Area Management Committee CAPA Community Adaptation Plan for Action CARE Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere CBA Community-Based Adaptation CBA 10 10th International Conference on Community-Based Adaptation CBAPU Community-based Anti-Poaching Unit CBO Community-based Organization CC Climate Change CCA Climate Change Adaptation CCAC Climate Change Adaptation Coordinator CCAS Climate Change Adaptation Specialist CDO Chief District Office / Officer CF Community Forest CFCC Community Forest Coordination Committee CFD Community Forest Development CFDG Community Forest Development Guideline CFDP Community Forest Development Programme CFDPG Community Forest Development Programme Guideline CFM Collaborative Forest Management CFMC Collaborative Forest Management Committee CFOP Community Forest Operational Plan CFUG Community Forest User Group CHAL Chitwan Annapurna Landscape CIF Climate Investment Fund CIK Contribution in kind CLAC Community Learning and Action Center CNP Chitwan National Park CO2 Carbon Dioxide CSB Community Score Board CSO Civil Society Organization CTEVT Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training DADO District Agriculture Development Office DCoP Deputy Chief of Party DDC District Development Committee DDRC District Disaster Relief Committee DEO District Education Office

DFCC District Forest Coordination Committee DFSCC District Forestry Sector Coordination Committee DFO District Forest Office DLA District Line Agency DLSO District Livestock Service Office DMC Disaster Management Committee DNPWC Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation DoF Department of Forests DPAC District Project Advisory Committee DRM Disaster Risk Management DRR Disaster Risk Reduction DSCO District Soil Conservation Office DSCWM Department of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management DTMC District Management Technical Committee DWSO District Water Supply Office EBA Ecosystem-based Adaptation EBS Equitable Benefit Sharing EC Executive Committee EFLG Environment-Friendly Local Governance EFLGF Environment-Friendly Local Governance Framework EiE Education in Emergency EMMP Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plan ENPRED Environmental preservation services for Development EQ Earthquake ER Emission Reduction ERP Emergency Response Program ERPD Emission Reductions Program Document ERR Emergency Recovery and Reconstruction ES Ecosystem Service FCHV Women Community Health Volunteer FECOFUN Federation of Community Forestry Users Nepal FGD Focus Group Discussion FNCCI Federation of Nepalese Chamber of Commerce & Industries FNJ Federation of Nepalese Journalist FY Fiscal Year GA General Assembly GBV Gender-based Violence GESI Gender Equality and Social Inclusion GHG Greenhouse Gas GIS Geographic Information System GLA Government Line Agency Gm Gram GOs Government Organizations GoN Government of Nepal GPS Global Positioning System GRB Gender Responsive Budget GRR Green Recovery and Reconstruction Ha Hectare HBP Hariyo Ban Program HH Household ICCA Initiative for Climate Change Adaptation

ICIMOD International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development ICS Improved Cooking Stove ICVCA Integrated Climate Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment IDE International Development Enterprises IGA Income-Generating Activity INEE Inter Agency Network for Education in Emergency INGO International Non Government Organization IPC Integrated Planning Committee IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPM Integrated Pest Management IR Intermediate Result ISWMP Integrated Sub-Watershed Management Plan JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency JJ Janajati Km Kilometer LAPA Local Adaptation Plan for Action LDO Local Development Office / Officer LDRMC Local Disaster Risk Management Committee LDRMP Local Disaster Risk Management Plan LIP Livelihood Improvement Plan LRP Local Resource Person MEA Ministry of External Affairs M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MCAP Manaslu Conservation Area Project MCCICC Multistakeholder Climate Change Initiative coordination committee MG Mothers Group MICS Metal Improved Cooking Stove MMHP Middle Marsyangdi Hydropower MoAD Ministry of Agricultural Development MoPE Ministry of Population and Environment MoFALD Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development MoFSC Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation MoSTE Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment MoU Memorandum of Understanding MSFP Multi-Stakeholder Forestry Project NAFAN National Forum for Advocacy Nepal NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action NCCSP Nepal Climate Change Support Project NCDMC National Network of Community Disaster Management Committee NEA Nepal Electricity Authority NGO Non-Government Organization NRCS Nepal Red Cross Society NRM Natural Resource Management NRs Nepalese Rupees NTFP Non-Timber Forest Product NTNC National Trust for Nature Conservation Oxam Oxford Committee for Famine Relief PES Payment for Ecosystem Services PGA Participatory Governance Assessment PHPA Public Hearing and Public Auditing PMERL Participatory Monitoring, Evaluation, Reflection and Learning

PSR Payment for Sediment Retention PSRIU Payment for sediment retention implementation unit PVSE Poor, Vulnerable and Socially Excluded PWBR Participatory Well-Being Ranking RBA Right Based Approach RCDC Rural Community Development Center RD Regional Director REDD+ Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Plus REFLECT Regenerated Freirean Literacy through Empowering Community Techniques RRN Rural Reconstruction Nepal SES Social and Environmental Standards SIP School Implementation Plan SIS Safeguard Information System SMC Sub Metropolitan City SMC School Management Committee SMF Sustainable Management of Forests SRH Sexual Reproductive Health SSICDC Shree Swarna Integrated Community Development Center SWC Social Welfare Council SWMP Sub Watershed Management Plan TAL Terai Arc Landscape TDS Tax Deduction at Source ToR Terms of Reference ToT Training of Trainers UC Users Committee UG User Group UN United Nations UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNICEF United Nations Children's Emergency Fund UNRCO United Nations Resident Coordinator Office US United States USAID United States Agency for International Development USD United States Dollar US-DS Upstream Downstream USG United States Government VA Vulnerability Assessment VAT Value Added TAX VDC Village Development Committee VLWHRD Village alliance of women human right defender WASH Water and Sanitation for Health WCC Ward Level Coordination Committee WCDO Women and Children Development Organization WCF Ward Citizen Forum WCO Women and Children Office WOSCC Women Skill Creation Center WWF World Wildlife Fund

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Hariyo Ban Program is a USAID funded five years program designed for resilience building of human beings as well as ecosystem. CARE Nepal has played crucial role within the program as a lead on climate change adaptation, governance and GESI along with significant contributions for watershed management, biodiversity conservation, earthquake recovery/reconstruction, REDD+ and PES initiatives. This report includes key accomplishments for July 2015 to June 2016 of CARE Nepal for Hariyo Ban Program. Within this year 5 as a final year of the program, CARE efforts are mainly focused on review/reflection, meetings, monitoring visits, documentation and dissemination of good practices, completion of remaining activities and handing over responsibilities to respective stakeholders jointly with other consortium partners. Some of the key accomplishments and outcomes till this reporting period are also included in this report. Total beneficiaries by involving into various activities of this program for five years are 869,682 people including 450140 women (52%), 354103 janjati (41%), 142639 dalit (16%), 252534 poor (29 %), 11727 (1%) and 35061 youths (4%). The program has reached to total 929 NRM groups (312 TAL, 617 CHAL). The major interventions up to now under biodiversity conservation are ISWMPs implementation, model flood plain restoration, livelihood improvement plans along with income generating activities implementation, green enterprise development, upstream- downstream linkages development, declaration of indoor smoke free VDCs, governance strengthening and leadership development of PVSEs. During this reporting period, key accomplishments under this component are 3 ISWMPs preparation and 13 ISWMPs implementation, restoration of 31.4 ha flood plain area, conservation of flood affected area in 13 sites by protecting 50 ha agricultural land and 3.5 ha forest area), upstream and downstream linkages in 12 sub-watershed area through 11 interaction workshops along with previous action plans implementation, total 1065 ICS (947 mud and 118 metal) installation, declaration of 2 indoor smoke free VDCs, rapid assessment of 389 CLACs, 38 events of men and decision makers engagement (1-ToT, 5-cluster level trainings, 32- community level events), packaging of governance strengthening tools in 362 NRM groups, livelihood improvement plan implementation of 618 flood affected or forest dependent households and supplementary support for 2 green enterprises. The major interventions under sustainable landscape management component for five years are nation specific REDD+ social and environmental standard (SES) development, relevant studies, assessments, publication (PES posters along with its brief note, GESI in REDD+ training manual and nepali version of integrating gender into forestry research document), capacity building of various stakeholders in REDD+ initiatives, implementation of community based measures to address site specific drivers of deforestation and forest degradation with focus on its underlying causes and initiatives towards piloting payment for ecosystem services (PES). In this reporting period, 3 events of field consultations for REDD+ SES assessment report preparation, 54 action plans implementation of CLACs, skill based training to 29 forest dependent people/earthquake affected areas to provide alternative livelihood options and reduce pressure on forests, 25 events of gender responsive budget (GRB) analysis and CSB practice along with 12 implementation support, 4 events of awareness raising activity on drivers of deforestation and forest degradation, 23,100 seedlings plantation with diverse purposes, 500 m biological fencing, 45 CFOPs renewal, national workshop on PES and 58 events towards readiness for PES piloting are the key accomplishments within this reporting period.

The major interventions under climate change adaptation component for five years are various capacity building events to diverse stakeholders (government, students, civil society, community people), preparation and implementation of 284 adaptation plans (236 CAPAs and 48 LAPAs preparation with 93% of plans under implementation), mainstreaming CCA, DRR and ISWMP at VDC level planning process, health check up of adaptation plans, networking of DRR and CCA coordination committee, capacity building training of PMERL committee, review and reflection of good practices and policy makers visits to program implemented sites. In this reporting period, key accomplishments are 2 events of CCA-DRR networking workshops in CHAL, 10 events of capacity building training to NCDMC, 18 events of CCA-DRR-NRM-environment-GESI related issues interaction workshops, implementation of 31 CAPAs and15 LAPAs, handover to respective VDCs, 23 events of capacity building/review reflection of PMERL committee, publication of 82 LAPAs (including LAPAs of NTNC and FECOFUN), 2 consultation workshops for differential impact assessment, 101 CCA-DRR mainstreaming workshops at different levels, national level adaptation mainstreaming and sharing workshop and participation in CBA 10. Resource leveraging and integration of CCA and DRR has experienced as successful strategies applied for the sustainability of adaptation plans implementation. Further, networking of our adaptation committee to the National Network of Community Disaster Management Committee (NCDMC) at district level and formulation of new committee including people representing adaptation committee has also done in this year. Key accomplishments under Earthquake Recovery and Reconstruction (ERR) in Dhading and Gorkha districts till now agriculture tools distribution to 1002 HHs, livestock restocking program to 143 HHs, cash for work scheme to 5907 EQ affected HHs, LIP support to 172 HHs of earthquake affected areas, 16 events of orientation on sexual and reproductive health, 6 events of orientation on GBV, trafficking, violence against women, men's engagement, grants to 25 women groups, 2 events of education in emergency (EIE) training and one event of low cost soil conservation and bioengineering training to build capacity of landslide prone area in Dhading. Total 69.49 km of foot trail and 14.58 km of irrigation canal were maintained whereas debris of 14 community buildings was removed. Total 7 schools of Dhading district prepared school Disaster Risk Management (DRM) plans.

In this reporting period, different coordination meetings, field monitoring visits and review reflection workshops were also conducted to the effective management of the program delivery. In total 10 DPAC/DFSCC meeting, various coordination meetings, 3 joint field monitoring visits at site, district and regional level, 2 events of staffs review reflection and planning workshops, 2 events at project level and 9 events at cluster level partners review reflection meetings were conducted. Visitors from various institutions such as social welfare council, MoFSC, MOPE, DSCWM, US Ambassador including senior officials from USAID, media workers, universities, NGOs, other community groups, consortium partners including core team, and CARE’s Country Directors, Program Director and senior management team visited to the program sites. Similarly, inter project coordination meetings within CARE Nepal particularly with VISTAR and ERP were also conducted to avoid duplication and bring synergy in program implementation. Such meetings, field visits and joint monitoring greatly helped to expand the collaboration, sharing good practices and getting important feedback and comments for increasing program quality. Staff management and mobilization smoothly went through out the project period. In total, 30 staffs transition including those joined to other organizations and others promoted within the organization. Recruitment, placement and orientation to new staffs were done timely for the change 13 management. As usual frequent transfer of government officials (e.g. LDO, VDC secretary and other officials) became an obstacle for smooth coordination and delivery of program activities in time. In addition, the program implementation was seriously affected due to unexpected incidences like agitation, strikes and bandhs before and after promulgation of new constitution. Similarly, boarder blockade by India resulted fuel crisis that adversely influenced program delivery due to limited field travel. The staffs/partners were suggested to monitor field situation and consider their own safety and security while implementing the program activities. Despite these several issues, the team did best to implement field activities. As of March 2016, the program expenditure is US $ 6,422,554.10 which resembles 83.08% burn rate (including ICR) and the total time elapsed is 87.50% considering the project period up to Nov 2016. As per commitment, CARE has already achieved its cost share targets through contribution in kinds.

1 INTRODUCTION The Hariyo Ban Nepal Ko Dhan Program (Hariyo Ban Program) is a USAID funded initiative designed to benefit the nature and people of Nepal through restoring and conserving Nepal’s forests and natural resources along with improvement of livelihood and resilience of communities and ecosystems to climate change. The program is for five years and being implemented by four core partners: WWF Nepal (prime recipient), Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere (CARE), National Trust for Nature Conservation (NTNC), and Federation of Community Forestry Users in Nepal (FECOFUN). In the local level, CARE has also been working in partnership with district level government agencies, different federations (district FECOFUNs), NGOs and CBOs in order to enhance the ownership among local stakeholders and ensure sustainability of good practices. This program entails three core components: biodiversity conservation, sustainable landscapes, and climate change adaptation, with livelihoods, governance, and gender and social inclusion being major cross –cuttings. After April 2015 earthquake, the program has planned for earthquake recovery work to support recovery of forest communities affected by the earthquake. In Hariyo Ban Program, CARE has been leading climate change adaptation component, Governance and GESI as cross-cuttings. Similarly, CARE Nepal has been built on its previous learning and experiences in social mobilization, institutions, networking, capacity-building, ensuring participation of marginalized citizens and gender equity. It has also been supporting to build capacity on targeting the right impact groups and sites in TAL and CHAL through underlying causes of poverty and vulnerability analysis (UCPVA). Further, it has making its efforts in sub- watershed management, livelihood improvement, REDD+ SES, community based measures to address drivers of deforestation and forest degradation, payment for ecosystem services, equitable benefit sharing and technical support in various capacity building activities and social mobilization process and facilitating policy discourse/feedback at different levels (micro to meso to macro level).

1.1 Goals and objectives Hariyo Ban’s overall goal is to reduce adverse impacts of climate change and threats to biodiversity in Nepal. It aims to reduce threats to biodiversity and vulnerability to climate change in Nepal through site-based interventions in two priority and high-value biodiversity landscapes: Terai Arc Landscape (TAL) and Chitwan Annapurna Landscape (CHAL), complemented by support to strengthen the enabling policy environment at the national level. It has three specific objectives:  Reduce threats to biodiversity in target landscapes;  Build the structures, capacity and operations necessary for effective sustainable landscape management, with a focus on reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) readiness; and  Increase the ability of targeted human and ecological communities to adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change.

Similarly, the earthquake recovery and reconstruction program has been commenced since July, 2015 specifically aiming to:  Enhance the resilience of earthquake recovery and reconstruction efforts in Nepal by identifying and integrating sound environmental practices.

1.2 Overview of beneficiaries and stakeholders The target areas in both Terai Arc Landscape (TAL) and Chitwan Annapurna Landscape (CHAL) are ethnically diverse with a remarkably high proportion of poor, Dalits, indigenous population – Tharus, Bote, Chepang, Musahar, Sonahas, etc. in TAL, and Sherpa, Bhote, Gurung, Magar, Tamang, etc. in CHAL. Discriminatory and exclusionary practices based on gender, caste, ethnicity and religion prevail extensively in these communities and women are severely in marginalization in Terai districts. The target communities of the Hariyo Ban Program are the poor, Dalits, indigenous/marginalized Janajatis, vulnerable men and women as the primary beneficiaries while the secondary beneficiaries are the concerned government line agencies, civil society organizations, private sectors and media. CARE Nepal through Hariyo Ban Program is working in different vulnerable (ecological) sites as well as human communities focusing on poor, vulnerable, and socially excluded users identified by participatory well-being ranking (PWBR), women and men associated with Community Learning and Action Center (CLAC), different community groups as mother's group, farmer's groups, cooperatives, natural resource management groups, different community based organizations, executive committees of community forest groups, buffer zone community forest user groups and leasehold forest users group. In addition, we are working in partnership with FECOFUN District chapters, different local CSOs and NGOs such as WOSCC, RCDC, SSICDC, Sahayatri Samaj Nepal and NRM groups and with local as well as national level government agencies.

1.3 Working Area Hariyo Ban activities in TAL region is focused in five critical biological corridors (Brahmadev, Laljhadi, Karnali and Kamdi, Kamdi-Kapilvastu Corridors), and two bottlenecks (Nijgadh and Chandranigahapur) in 11 districts – Kanchanpur, Kailali, Bardia, Banke, Dang, Nawalparasi, Chitwan, Makawanpur, Parsa, Bara and Rautahat. In CHAL, Hariyo Ban works for integrated river basin management. The activities are focused in Seti, Daraudi, Marsyangdi river basins and part of Kaligandaki basin in 8 districts – Syangja, Kaski, Tanahun, Lamjung, Gorkha, Makwanpur, Chitwan and Nawalparasi. CARE has started works on recovery and reconstruction in two districts – Grokha and Dhanding after April, 2015 earthquakes. Till now, CARE is working fully or partially in 99 VDCs, 28 Municipalities and 3 Sub- metropolitan cities across TAL and CHAL as given in Annex I.

2. COMPONENT WISE PROGRESSES

2.1 IR 1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

The biodiversity conservation component aims to reduce threats to biological resources in both Hariyo Ban landscapes, including conservation and restoration of biodiversity important areas, critical biological corridors and critical sub-watershed through improved governance, livelihoods, and empowering women and marginalized. This IR directly supports to enhance the adaptive capacity of ecosystem vis-à-vis livelihood improvement by increasing ecosystem services and its qualities.

During this reporting period, total 142178 people participated/benefitted including 74780 women (52.6%), 62510 janjati (44%), 17226 dalit (12.1 %), 48356 poor (34 %) and 1544 youths (1.1%) have participated/benefitted in one or another ways through different activities under biodiversity conservation component. The major activities planned and accomplished under IR 1 are preparation of 3 ISWMPs (Kyangdi, Chandi, Charela), support/scaling up the implementation of HBP prepared and existing 13 ISWMPS, 31.4 ha of model flood plain conservation sites in Bara and Rautahat, habitat recovery including high hand pump in 9 sites and bioengineering in 13 flood affected sites, 11 events of upstream-downstream interaction workshops (7 from IR 1 and 4 from IR 2) and joint action plan preparation and implementation in 12 subwatersheds for UP-DS linkage in CHAL & TAL, alternate energy promotion (947 mud ICS and 118 metal ICS installation), declaration of Indoor Smoke Free VDCs in Bahakot and Bhatkhola of Syangja, completion of rapid assessment of 389 CLACs, 1 event of Master Training of Trainers and 5 cluster level trainings on Men and decision makers engagement, 32 events community level Men and decision maker's engagement capacity buildings programs like trainings, orientations, champions mobilizations, couple discussions and other follow-up programs at cluster and community level, governance strengthening in NRM groups (PHPA-157, PGA-158, PWBR-204), livelihood improvement support to 618 HHs for flood effected and forest dependent HHs, additional support to Bel juice and Sisnu enterprises. This component has focused to support recovery of forest dependent communities affected by earthquake in April 2015 and flood in August 2014, and improvement in biophysical condition of watershed areas of the high impact districts in CHAL and TAL. The Sub IR level progress is presented in following sections. 2.1.1 Sub IR 1.2: Threats to targeted Landscapes reduced Sub IR 1.2.1 River Basin Approach

Hariyo Ban has adopted river basin approach to restore and manage the selected sub-watersheds with critical biodiversity importance in both TAL and CHAL that ultimately supports the communities for better sustainable landscape management. Till fifth year, Hariyo Ban Program/CARE Nepal has supported in 13 critical sub-watersheds both in CHAL and TAL.

Institutional mechanisms such as upstream- downstream coordination committees or subwatershed level coordination committees and micro watershed coordination committees are developed to facilitate the implementation of the ISWMPs.

Moreoever, the 11 workshops on upstream-downstream linkages between sub-watersheds communities were organized in 10 subwatersheds and UP-DS linkage intervention is ongoing in 13 sub-watersheds along with ISWMP implementation. In Sirdi and Mid-Marsyangdi, workshop-- cum-watershed-march approach was adopted to make realize the importance of upstream- downstream joint effort in managing the landscape. After the workshops, the joint action plans were developed which were included in ISWMP implementation support. Furthermore, ISWMPs preparation of Kyandi Khola-Tanahun has been completed while draft reports have been completed of Chandi Khola-Rautahat and Chuha Khola-Kailali (final ISWMPs will be completed within June, 016) under support of additional biodiversity funding. The list of all ISWMPs is in Annex 4.

Sub IR 1.2 1.1 Support on Implementation of HBP prepared and existing ISWMPs

Hariyo Ban Program has supported in 13 sub watersheds of TAL and CHAL to implement ISWMPs and various upsteam-downstream linkages activities in this reporting period including 9 ISWMPS prepared by Hariyo Ban, 3 existing ISWMPs including Mahitiniya-Dang was supported in addition to 12 targets based upon the request of and collaboration with DSCO Dang and one with (Kalang khola-Dang) a simple plan developed during upstream-downstream linkage workshop.

Table 1: Hariyo Ban supported ISWMPs

Status of Plan ISWMPs supported in implementation by Hariyo Ban Hariyo Ban Kerunge Khola (Nawalparasi), Dhwangkhola (Lamjung), prepared/revised ISWMPs- Sukaurakhola (Tanahun), Tallo Harpankhola (Kaski), Sardikhola 9 (Kaski), Bhatkhola (Syangja), Kyangdi (Tanahun and Syangja), Charela khola (Kailali) and Chandi khola (Rautahat) Existing ISWMPS-3 Sirdi khola (Gorkha), Mahitiniya khola (Dang) and Pasaha khola (Bara) Simple plan-1 Kalang khola-Dang (developed through UP-DS workshop) AWP topic wise ISWMPs supported in implementation by Hariyo Ban Support on implementation Dhwang khola-Lamjung, Sirdi khola-Gorkha, Kerunge khola- of HBP prepared ISWMPs Nawalparasi

Scaling up existing sub- Sukhaura khola-Tanahun, Tallo harpan and Sardi khola-Kaski, watersheds-CHAL Bhatkhola-Syangja, Kyangdi khola -Syangja/Tanahun. (Note: Kyangdi microwatershed-Tanahun was supported in implementation which is now prepared at sub-watershed level by HB) Critical sub-watershed/ Chandi khola-Rautahat, Pasaha khola-Bara, Charela khola-Kailali, micro-catchment Kalang khola and Mahitiniya khola-Dang management support - TAL

Activities under ISWMP implementation: In Year-V, activities like gabion spurs, checkdams and embankments, plantation, water source protection and water uplifting, irrigation support, low cost soil conservation trainings and bioengineering activities were implemented in Khalte-Gangate micro-catchment of Sirdi-Gorkha, catchments of Dhwang Khola-Lamjung, downstream of Kerunge-Nawalparasi and in rest of ISWMPs the activities are ongoing that will be completed by end June 2016. The most of the activities through ISWMP implementation in CHAL are gabion checkdam/spur/embankment to control landslide and stream bank cutting, water source protection and drinking water supply (tank/tap/pipeline) and irrigation support (canal and pond). In TAL, gabion checkdam/spur/embankment to contro the flood and river bank cutting are major activities under ISWMP implementation. Other activities like plantation, fencing, low cost soil conservation training and field application using bioengineering were common activities implemented and ongoing in all sub-watersheds.

ISWMP mplementation mechanism and coordination: The activities were implemented and are ongoing in field with close coordination, resource leverage (in some ISWMPs) and technical supervision of respective DSCOs in all districts. The sub- watershed coordination committees and micro-watershed coordination committees were the main implementing mechanism for ISWMP implementation.

Table 2: Resource Leverage in ISWMP implementation

S.No. Year ISWMP Hariyo DSCO Others Total Remarks Ban (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) (Rs.) 1 IV 7 ISWMPs 33,51,723 3,91,035 0 37, 42 , 758 CIK around 2 V 13 78, 94, 727 37,84,721 56,00,000 1,72,79,448 35% ISWMPs

Total 1,12,46,450 41, 81, 56,00,000 2, 10, 22, 756 206

Note:  Due to participating and facilitating in UP-DS workshop, the Water Induced Disaster Office, Rupandehi and DSCO Nawalparasi implemented the activities of Kerunge ISWMP with amount of Rs 50, 00,000 and Rs 18, 00,000 respectively. Previously, they had budgeted but uncertain about the sites but after the workshop and being handed over the ISWMP they implemented the activities from it.  Others: Baghkhor CFUG, Nawalparasi- Rs 1,00,000.00, Lamki Chuha Municipality-Rs 5, 00, 000.00 and Water Induced Disaster Control Office, Rupandehi- Rs 50, 00, 000.00 for Kerunge.

Outcomes of ISWMP implementation in overall till now: i. Sirdikhola, Gorkha: Landslide controlled through bioengineering practices which protected 5 Ha of land in Khalte Gangate. Water source protection and supplied to 60 HHs. ii. Dhwangkhola, Lamjung: 55 Ha of land irrigated through various canal construction and maintenance. Gabion work protected 7.5 Ha areas from river cutting. iii. Kerunge, Nawalparasi: Khayarghari embankment protected 60 Bighas of land and 60HHs but a bit damaged due to flood. Spurs at Hegauli protected 40 Bighas land and 67 HHs. Embankment at Baghkhor protected 40 Bighas of land and settlement of 146 HHs. iv. Bhatkhola, Syangja: Kaulekhola gabion work protected 169 HHs, Thaunedanda irrigation support to 1.5 Ha land, plantation in 2.5 Ha in various places but survival rate is low. v. Tallo Harpan, Kaski: Embankment support at Betenihkola protected 36 Ha land, canal support at 4 places irrigated the same 36 Ha of land which benefitted 200 HHs directly and 500HHs indirectly. 2 Ha restored with plantation (survival 75%) and ban on open grazing through VDC level decision. It will reduce the sediment load in Fewa Lake. vi. Sardikhola, Kaski: Gabion checkdam at Guhiyekhola protected 5 Ha (around 100 ropani) and plantation at Setibagar in 3.5 Ha of land is supposed to restore the land and promote soil conservation. vii. Sukhaura khola, Tanahun: Gabion work at Sukhaura protected 18 HHs, Ambote irrigation support for 6 ha and benefitted 15 HHs, Pardi, Muralipani and Chyadepani water supply benefitted 80, 35 and 15 HHs respectively, Musdikhola checkdam protected 50 Ropani land and benfitted 8 HHs. viii. Kyangdi khola, Tanahun: Embankment support at Sankhe protected 35 HHs and 50 Ha of productive rice field near the river. In overall, the protection and restoration of critical river bank, forest and agricultural land has been done which is very important in reducing the vulnerbality for upstream-downstream areas

and support them for drinking water and irrigation facilities. The various additional activities are ongoing in above ISWMPs which will be reported later with their outcomes. Please refer Annex 5 & 6 for details of activities in each ISWMPs and outcomes.

Photo 1: Plantation in Bhatkhola-Syangja (left), gabion embankment in Baghkhor, Kerunge-Nawalparasi (mid) and embankment in Betenikhola-Kaski (right)

Box 1: Change monitoring in Khalte Gangate conservation site, Gorkha

Two small streams, called Khalte and Gangate, converge at Aale Gaun-6, Gorkha Municipality. In 2011, there occurred unexpectedly devastating flood in entire village. That flood cut the river bank, swept away more than one hectare of fertile cropping field including crops, damaged 8 irrigation canals, started a landslide and swept a motor-able river bridge. HBP supported the community in implementation of Sirdi ISWMP in close coordination with DSCO, CLAC and CFUG. The low cost soil conservation techniques like brush layering, fascine, poly-shed, wattling, bioengineering and broom grass plantation were applied along with gabion embankment and checkdams. Hence now, biophysical condition of about 5 Ha land has also been improved by controlling the landslide and river cutting Now, other communities around Gorkha and even Dhading also replicating the same approach for landslide and flood control. Things are different now, as Khaltey Gangatey has total facelift as proven by change photographs below:

March 2014 April 2014 June 2014

Jan 2015 Oct 2015 Nov 2014

May 2016 May 2016 May 2016

Sub IR 1.2.1.4 Critical sub-watershed management plan preparation and implementation During this reporting period an ISWMP of Kyangdi sub watershed (Syangja and Tanahun) was prepared. Previously, the microwatershed level plan of Kyangdi prepared by DSCO Tanahun in supports of JICA was supported for implementation by Hariyo Ban. The total area covered by the ISWMP is 96.76 sq km comprising 6 VDCs of Syangja including Chitre, Magyam, Kolma, Bahakot, Thuladihi and few area of Taksar and 5 VDCs of Tanahun including Bhimad, Bhanumati, Raipur, Firfire, few area of Arunodaya and few ward of a Suklagandaki Municipality (former Dhorfirdi VDC).

Similarly, the ISWMP of Chandi khola-Rautahat is Photo 2: Cover page of Kyangdi ISWMP-Syangja Tanahun being updated which was prepared in 2003 and Charela khola-Kailali is being prepared first time and expected to be finalized by June end 2016.

Sub IR 1.2.1.2 Upstream-Downstream linkages between sub-watershed communities

All together 11 events of two days upstream- downstream linkage workshop were accomplished each in Sirdi-Gorkha, Midmarsyangdi-Lamjung, Kyangdi-Tanahun, Tallo harpan-Kaski, Kerunge- Nawalparasi, Kalangkhola-Dang, Charelakhola- Kailali under IR 1 (7 events) and Khagerikhola- Chitwan, Pasahakhola-Bara, Chandikhola-Rautahat, Kalangkhola-Dang (done again focusing Government stakeholders) under IR 2 (4 events) in this reporting period. The objectives of the workshop Photo 3: Watershed march during upstream downstream workshop in Sirdikhola-Gorkha were to strengthen/establish the upstream downstream linkages in joint conservation/management of the resources so as to reduce the vulnerability and ultimately enhance the biophysical condition of the sub watersheds and ensuring the availability of ecosystem services. There were total 388 participants out of which 225 participants under IR 1 including 77 women, 81 JJs, 7 dalits, 3 Madhesis and 23 from GLA representatives (DSCOs, DFOs, DDCs, Muncipalities and VDCs and 163 participants under IR 2 out of which 50 women, 81 JJ, 2 dalit, 10 Madhesi and 22 from GLAs.

The concept on ecosystem services, PES, river basin approach, integrated sub watershed management principles, upstream downstream linkages and importance were discussed during the workshop. Similarly, the delineation of upstream downstream areas, vulnerabilities, ecosystem services, interdependency and joint actions were identified through the group excercize. In Sirdi-Gorkha and Mid Marsyangdi-Lamjung, the watershed march was organized to observe the real condition of watersheds, sensitize the participants and prepare joint actions for implementation. The watershed journey has deepened the understanding and made realize the need of upstream downstream join initiations to Photo 4: Detail information of upstream and downstream the participants even more. area of Khagerikhola sub-watershed, Dahakhani, Chitwan

The joint actions like bioengineering activities, plantation and conservation, landslide control, check dams, spurs, water source protection, grazing control, fire control, irrigation, orientation, control illegal extraction of sand, boulders and stones, awareness campaigns and programs, issue based interactions, sub watershed level coordination committee formation and registration were planned and being implemented in field. The summary of UP-DS analysis summary is given in Annex 8.

See slide show of watershed journey at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B2Hph0UpNZ4 https://youtu.be/ubm2RnM-N2k

Immediate Outcomes:  Subwatershed level coordination committee formed, reformed, registered in various subwatersheds (Tallo harpan, Kyangdi, Sirdi, Chandi, Kerunge, Khagerikhola) for overall coordination in resource leveraging and implementation.  Sensitization to upstream-downstream communities along with other stakeholders.  The joint actions identified during workshops and field visits were the basis of ISWMP implementation.  The information for ISWMP preparation in Charela, Chandi and Kyangdi was gathered through the workshop. Kyangdi ISWMP is finalized and remaining two are in final stage.  The workshop has identified the Ratomate landslide area at Jhakrikaatte khola of Rauthok CFUG, Lamjung to develop as PES demo site and reduce sediment load in Mid-Marsyangdi Hydro Dam.  Due to coordination with DSCO and other Government agencies during workshop, collaboration for activity implementation and resource has been leveraged as following: o The DSCO Lamjung committed to support to develop another PES site from their own resources too. o The Gorkha Municipality committed to support the upstream-downstream joint action through EFLG program and DSCO committed to provide gabion boxes immediately for some of the identified activities in Gorkha. o The Water Induced Disaster Control Office, Rupandehi had supported about Rs 50, 00,000.00 for the construction of embankment and spur at 8 differents (upside and down side of main highway) site of Kerunga khola through Kerunga sukkha khola sub watershed management coordination committee. Similarly DSCO Nawalparasi also supported Rs 18, 00,000.00 for 3 sites of ISWMP plan implementation. They had budget but uncertain about the sites thus the workshop and joint field visit had leveraged this budget in ISWMP area.  DSCO Dang supported Rs 4, 00, 000.00 in Kalang khola Dang.

 In all districts, the DSCO is providing technical support and owning the program.

Learning  The UP-DS workshop and watershed march has deepened the understanding on ground reality of upstream-downstream linkages to the participants so as to intitiate joint actions.  Water is the major factor for upstream and downstream linkages between communities; either in drinking water supply, irrigation facility or in managing the water induced disaster. The change in land use and land cover together with climate change impact is directly related to water availability and water induced disaster to downstream. The loss of vegetation covers is increasing soil erosion in the headwater areas and transition zone, and thereby increasing sediment load and flash flood events in downstreams. Sustainable forest management is seen as major factor for managing the water source or water induced disaster.  There exists a complex relationship between upstream activities and processes and their influence on the downstream areas. The upstream downstream relationships have multiple facets, which also reflect the complex relationships between the natural environment and the people who live within it.

Sub IR 1.2.4.4 Model Floodplain conservation sites including flood recovery Pasaha Khola and Chandi Khola were selected to restore the vulnerable flood plain in Dumarwana- 9, Bara and Chandrapur-3, Rautahat respectively. The sites were vulnerable from flood, river cutting, encroachment, open grazing and extraction of sand. The site were selected jointly with stakeholders and field visits were carried out toidentify the activities to be implemented. With the joint effort of stakeholders and implementation of various activities like Plantation (12250 seedlings), fencing 1581m, spur construction in Pasaha through Pasaha tole CLAC, total 15.4 ha was restored and biophysical condition has been improved which benefitted directly 54 HHs. Similarly, DSCO Rautaht and Chandrapur Municipality has supported in 5 spur construction, plantation (1.5 ha, 1600 seedlings) and fencing in 7 Ha area while HBP supported in 2 spur construction. The intervention restored 9 ha of private agriculture land of 29 HHs to cultivation which was abandoned due to sedimentation and flood in past. In total 16 ha area has been restored in Chandi khola benefitting 60 HHs. Thus, in total 31.4 Ha of flood plain has been developed as model flood plain conservation sites with improved biophysical condition benefitting 114 HHs in Bara and Rautahat.

Box 2: Model flood plain restoration sites Area under biophysical improvement

 15.4 Ha was restored and plantation has been established in well condition in Pasaha-Bara.

 7 Ha plantation area and 9 Ha (13 bigha 7 katthaa) agricultural land was restored to cultivation by farmers who previously abandoned the farming due to flooding and sand deposition. Flood plain of Pasaha khola showing various interventions

Restored flood plain after fencing and plantation

Abandoned land due to flooding and sand Spur construction jointly by DSCO, Preparing for cultivation after spur deposition at Chandikhola, Rautahat Municiplaity and HBP-Chandi khola contruction in Chandikhola, Rautahat

Sub IR 1.2.6.1 Flood affected habitat recovery and bioengineering in critical sites The flood affected habitat recovery including bioengineering work with objective of supporting the restoration and rehabilitation of flood affected areas after flood of 2014 in Banke and Bardiya. Under this, 9 high hand pumps and 13 bioengineering works like bio-checkdam, embankments were completed in flood affected communities. From high hand pump installation and bioengineering, a total of 813 HHs were benefitted including 651 JJ, 42 dalit and 364 Poor. The intervention has directly supported in protection of 50 Ha of agricultural land and 3.5 Ha of forest land of flood affected communities. The communities that are engaged in forest conservation are now provided safe drinking water and protected from flood, river bank cutting and sediment deposition so that they can return to their normal life and be engaged in conservation.

Sub IR 1.2. Metal ICS in Upper CHAL-Kitchen smoke free VDCs The total of 118 HHs (108 JJ, 10 Dalit, 40 Poor) were supported to install the metal ICS in Ghermu VDC through Namche Thungli CFUG in order to declare it as a kitchen smoke free VDC. Hariyo Ban supported for 100 ICS and VDC supported in 18 ICS installation through EFLG program. In total 611 people were benefitted out of which 300 were women. The fuel consumption was reduced almost by half from 2785 bhari/month before to 1460 bhari/month after Photo 5: Certificate of Appreciation to CARE Nepal installation of ICS which ultimately reduces the 295 ton for contribution in indoor carbon emission per year (2.5 ton CO2/year reduced from a ICS, source:WWF). CARE Nepal Hariyo Ban Program supported Rs 450,000/- in which VDC has supported Rs. 67500 for 15 ICS and CFUG supported Rs.13500 for 3 ICS.

Sub IR 1.2.8 ICS in CHAL - kitchen-smoke-free VDCs ICS installation program is being carried out in Hariyo Ban Program working to reduce pressure in forest and support to meet the target of the Government to declare indoor smoke free country by 2017. In this regard, the ICS installation is being carried out in 7 VDCs of Syangja aiming to declare indoor smoke free VDCs. Bahakot, Kolma and Bhatkhola VDCs were declared as an indoor smoke free. Fedikhola and Arukharka VDC are planning to declare within June 2016. Work has started in Bangsing, Photo 6: News coverage about the impact of ICS Pauwaigaude, and Bangefadke VDCs too but slowed down in Binauna VDC, Banke due to limited numbers of stove masters. In total, 1686 HHs installed ICS in fifth year out of which 946 are from IR 1 in Syangja. From this, 272 JJ, 136 Dalit, 148 poor and 74 ultra poor HHs benefiting total 5632 people including 46% women. Outcome: Firewood consumption is reduced to 5589 bhari/month from 7892 bhari/month (reduced 30% or 2303 bhari/month) from 947 HHs that reduces 2367.5 tons carbon emission in total per year.

Sub IR 1.3 Internal governance of community groups responsible for ecosystem management strengthened.

Hariyo Ban program has been supporting NRM groups to strengthen their internal governance by practicing different tools i.e PWBR, PGA, PHPA, equitable benefit sharing and awareness on CFDP guideline (2065 and revised 2071) from the beginning of the program. In addition, implemented different capacity building initiatives has also been imparted to enhance the knowledge, skills and capacity building of poor, vulnerable and socially excluded forest dependent NRM users to better conserve and manage the natural resources and promotion of their livelihood status.

Till now, 630 NRM groups applied governance tools (PWBR, PGA, PHPA & /or equitable benefit sharing). Out of them 270 NRM groups have bundled all of four tools, 191 applied PHPA/PWBR/PGA, 36 PGA/PHPA, 11 PHPA/PWBR, 40 PGA/PWBR, 32 PGA, 27 PWBR, 23 PHPA.

Table 3: Governance data year wise

Gov. Tools Year-I Year-II Year-III Year-IV Year-V Total PGA 130 14 23 344 158 669 PHPA 78 61 27 327 157 650 PWBR 99 19 28 325 204 675

During this reporting period, the internal study on governance tools outcome mapping was conducted. The overall objective of the outcome mapping was to document the outcomes and learning of governance tools and practices in NRM groups where HBP has been working. The study was followed the process such ToR, information collection formats preparation, sampling, organized sharing workshops, filed validation and report preparation. The random sampling was carried out from the 350 CFUGs as a universe (in TAL and CHAL) have already practiced the complete governance tools (PGA, PHPA, PWBR and Engagement of NRM groups on governance Equitable Benefit Sharing) representing 5 CFUGs from tools outcome mapping process: each district of the total 14 districts in TAL and CHAL.  Conducted 3 workshops during the (Banke, Due to various reasons 8 CFUGs were not participated Chitwan and Tanahun) and six filed validation at CFUG. in the study process, finally, 62 NRM groups (18%)  In total 74 participants including 29 women, 23 were included in the study. The major findings of the JJ, 3 dalit and 67 from different NRM groups. governance tools outcome mapping are as below; Participatory Governance Assessment (PGA): Participation:

Figure 1: Trend of men and women representation (left) and women representation in vital positions In the context of women representation in EC vital post;  Women representation in Executive Committee is significantly increasing as compared 2012 which increased by 9% in 2015. Now, the percentage of women and male representation in EC is 51.6% women and 48.4% respectively.  There is no significant increment of women participation in chairperson which is more or less same within these 4 years period. But, 20% CFUGs hold women as chairperson which is also increased as compared to 2012 (8 in 2012 and now in 12 CFUGs).  There are slight changes and increment of women participation in secretary and representation in treasurer post is slightly decreasing. Likewise, it was noticed that in many cases women occupy the positions of vice-chairperson which is not influential position as per the role and responsibility.  CFUGs are focusing to limit the women participation in member position in those CFUGs having relatively smaller area or plantation forest but in case of larger size forest men are leading the vital posts.

Figure 2: Trend of caste group in EC

Similarly, in the context of caste group representation;  Very few (nominal) Dalits are represented in the key positions in EC. Out of 62 CFUGs, Dalit hold the position of chairperson and secretary only in 4 CFUGs.  50% CFUGs are practicing inclusive participation of ultra poor and poor groups in executive committee member.  Representation of Madhesi is found very low and only included in EC member.  It shows the representation of Janajati and other (BCT) in EC is more or less equal.

The perception of the workshop participants reveals that CFUG's have been continuing the general assembly where they are focusing to include more general members both men and women from each households. The participation of general users in GAs has been significantly increased by 50- 70% as compared to the past. Such improving participation helps CFUG for taking participatory decisions such as drafting of constitution, Forest Operational Plan preparation and renewal, benefit sharing/distribution, executive committee formation/reformation, annual plan preparation, thinning, pruning, forest protection, forest product collection and so on through general assembly whereas some years back such process was only performed by limited EC members. Therefore, the communication, information sharing, agenda's, discussion and decision's endorsement process is quite improving in all CFUGs. Transparency: All CFUGs are maintaining their records like as meeting minute, annual plan, communication letters, financial transactions (annual earning, expenses details, bill/receipts etc), filing system, and general assembly records. They have started the practice of sharing financial status in EC monthly meeting and in general assembly. During the field verification and interaction meeting we observed and also users agreed/expressed the same changing trend that documentation process and maintaining transparency is improving day by day. Over the past years most of the users were unknown about financial issues which was limited to key EC members but now they are slowly developing understanding and being aware about NRM groups income sources, annual income, bank account amount and annual expenses of their group through the public auditing event. Some of the NRM group used to flow loans at a low interest rate (12%) to the ultra poor and poor members with common understanding and minute keeping. Generally, the users use to return their loan in 5-6 months time period. So that poor general members are getting the opportunity or benefiting from the NRM group fund mobilization.

More than 80% NRM groups were not implementing the information sharing mechanism as well as participatory decision making except general assembly during past days. Now, the frequency of EC monthly meeting and participation of respective members is increasing. The regularity of general Figure 3: CF member’s discussion at Tribeni assembly and information flow through notices board or any mai CFUG, Betkot Kachanpur

30 other local means is also improving awareness level of users about forest operational plan, constitution, progresses and status, and important decisions made during annual meeting.

Accountability: Over the past years, almost all decisions were made by the EC members and such decisions were not shared among user group members that EC were not more accountable. Now, the trend has been changed that users are claiming their rights, participation, leadership role, decision making process and transparency mechanism. At the same time, due to frequent awareness events, orientation on CFDP guideline, GA, PHPA; the user members are getting more information and more dialogues. As a result, EC members are becoming more accountable, increased the frequency of monthly meeting and performing their role as defined in the CFUG constitution is well addressed. NRM groups also gave due focus to allocate the annual earning amount to identified poor household. Such practice was very limited during past however within these three years period, it is significantly increasing. Around 27.29% of annual income of NRM groups is being invested over pro poor's livelihood improvement initiatives.

NRM groups are organizing the general assembly and PHPA. However, it is found that very limited NRM groups have documented the feedbacks received in their register and executives decision to ensure the same feedbacks. 30% NRM groups are practicing documentation of feedbacks and discussion meeting; and also found to be considering those feedbacks in priority basis.

Predictability:

All NRM groups are affiliated to FECOFUN. Besides the FECOFUN , NRM groups have been developing the linkage with other agencies (I/NGOs) who are working for biodiversity conservation, forest conservation, soil conservation, environment conservation, local government bodies (DDC, municipality and VDC) and government line agencies. NRM groups are trying to get more financial as well as technical support from these organizations and implement activities such as conservation pond, drinking water supply, fire line, tourism promotion, river bank protection etc in addition to the regular forest conservation and protection activity. This shows that NRM groups are developing linkage with various organizations and increasing the resource leverage trend.

Most of the CFUGs are continuing their CFOP revision process coordinating with district forest office and other supporting agencies. The participation of users group in biodiversity conservation and forest management, protection, conservation is quite increasing.

Some examples of resource leverages and collaborative actions in CFUGs:

1. Paaripakha CFUG, Kaski initiated “ek ghar ek dhara” campaign in collaboration with VDC during 2072/73 (VDC supported tap, steel pipe, polythene pipe, cement. CF provided gravel, stone and pebbles. 24 poor and medium HHs supported). Collaboration with Sildu Deurali Youth Club for notice board installation and dustbin (14 notice boards and 8 dustbins). Cottage and small industries: cloth weaving training (bhangra) to 14 poor HHs. Vegetable farming training for 11 poor HHs. Vegetable farming training during 2063/64 in collaboration with VDC for poor HHs (6000 support by VDC). Goat farming to ultra poor in collaboration with respective VDC (Rs 20,000 by VDC and CF) during 2069/70. 2. Nawadurga CFUG, Rautahat coordinated with DSCO for Gully control (6 lakh in a year) for 3 years. It is implemented at Ratauli and Sarpagaire. DFO supported for 2 ha demo plot that comprised of Bamboo plantation and broom grass plantation. DSCO supported for water source protection (1 lakh) that benefitted 17 poor HHs. In same program WWF supported for waste water collection along with water sprayer (hajari). DLSO supported for 12 HHs for shed management (12000 for each HH). 3. Janakalyan CFUG, Lamckichuha Kailali constructed view tower in Lamkichuwa with Rs. 70000 support from Lamkichuwa municipality. This is for monitoring wildlife in grassland for its management. Rs 40000 supported by BAFER for water hole construction for wildlife management. 9 individuals were supported for income generation activities (Rs 50000 by CFUGs and Rs.50000 by Baliya VDC). Similarly, in coordination with DLSO (District Livestock Service Office), 7 lakh for livestock farming for 130 HHs. 4. Mukundasen CFUG, Nawalparasi established Nursery with the support of the municipality (3 lakh) and CF (2 lakh). Deep boring benefitting 50 HHs (3 lakh by municipality, 1 lakh by FECOFUN and 1 lakh by CF). Pond conservation (EFLG program of municipality supported 3 lakh). DFO supported for NTFP management by providing 1 lakh and forest guard who is ultra poor.

Participatory Wellbeing Ranking (PWBR):  More than 70% CFUGs are implementing livelihood support activities to ultra poor and poor by mobilizing their annual income and internal resources and also leveraging the resource from other agencies. However, 30% CFUGs, who have not much resources and annual income, are not implementing ultra poor and poor focused activities.  All CFUGs realized that completing the PWBR is easy way to targeting and implementing ultra poor and poor focused program such as livelihood support, humanitarian, scholarship, and skill based training even easy to make appropriate decisions regarding the equitable benefit sharing.  15% CFUGs are providing matching fund to poor group members who received the financial support from other agencies and implementing income generation activities.  The CFUGs who are managing the forest guards are selecting the person from pro poor HHs which is also good practice that giving emphasis to pro poor.  It shows that the ultra poor and poor groups are encouraged towards forest management and protection than before as they are getting support from the CF and participating in several awareness programs. Thus common understanding, cohesiveness and collective actions within CFUGs and respective communities are increasing. 32

Public Hearing and Public Auditing (PHPA):  NRM groups are focusing on maintaining transparency of financial transactions and forest management through PHPA, because most of the users specially wanted to know financial details and also raising their voice openly. So EC members are aware about the financial issue and they are improving their record keeping quality.  Increased mobilization of CFUGs fund to support pro-poor programs like income generation.  Increase in frequency of EC meetings and sharing of major decisions through forest guards or disseminating through public notice.  Increased awareness and accountability of roles and responsibilities of both CFUGs and EC members.  15% CFUGs have started to form sub committees such as monitoring committee, finance committee for internal audit and advisory committees. These sub committees are in mobilization process.  Increased effective communication between NRM user/HHs members and EC members. Improvement in access to important information by all user group members which also helped to reshuffle executive committee to ensure the inclusiveness and participation of women, Dalits and poor groups.  CFUGs received the critical and constructive feedback whereas 15% CFUGs are implementing received feedbacks.

Equitable Benefit Sharing: This study, tried to capture the equitable benefit sharing mechanism. It included information like two fiscal years special initiatives, provision and decisions on equitable benefit sharing, the annual income and its allocation to poor and ultra poor HHs.

Figure 4: Allocation of pro poor fund (left) and real expenditure (right)

The findings of equitable benefit sharing mechanism are mentioned in figure;

 CFUGs are more sensitive towards CFDP guideline and implementing the provision of CF fund specially 35% to poor, 25% in forest development and 40% in community development. Whereas two years ago, maximum fund (83%) was to be used in social development.  All CFUGs have decision and practiced the distribution of grass, leaflet, fuel wood and minor forest products to all users in free of cost. They also providing the limited timber in free of cost to the HHs who are affected form disaster (floods, fire, earthquakes and lost their house).  All CFUGs have been providing special amount discount in timber up to 75% of actual rate to poor and ultra poor HHs.  Allocation of the CFUGs annual income to poor HHs is significantly increasing from 7.92% to 27.25%. This is good sign for poor's economic empowerment and implementation of CFDP guideline. Similarly, the allocated amount to poor HHs is also used in other sector such as scholarship, humanitarian, skill based training, health, capacity building and employment generation which is after all supporting poor household livelihood improvement.

Further issues to strengthen the NRM governance: The key issues identified from the participants during the outcome mapping workshops which are mentioned as below;

 Proper implementation of CFDP guideline and its provision in all NRM groups specially ensure at least 50% women's meaningful participation in executive committee, inclusive EC formation and reformation, 35% of annual income need to be allocated for poor and ensure equitable benefit sharing mechanism by developing proper system or further guideline and 25% annual income need to be allocated for CF development.  Forest Laws implementation and process need to ensure in CFOP preparation and CFOP need to be revised on time by ensuring the active participation of users.  Promote and ensure the accountability of forest sectors different structures and staffs.  Internal audit mechanisms need to be improved in NRM groups and annual audit report needs to be submitted on time to DFO and respective stakeholders. Overall Learning's of governance practices: At the end of workshop, overall learning of governance practices was shared from the participants which is presented as follows;  Governance practice has been beneficial in improving accountability of duties bearer and rights holders which is complementary aspects and need to be realized by all members in NRM groups and increased ownership feeling among users and executive committee members.  Not only focusing on increment of women participation in EC, but also important to focus on their leadership and capacity development process.

 Livelihood of poor can be improved through the systematic mobilization of forest resources (financial) and their capacity building process.  Updated financial, program document, decisions, feedbacks as well as internal auditing mechanism help NRM groups to conduct quality general assembly, PHPA and flow information's to user's level in transparent way.  Affiliation with different organization need to be increased for sustainable forest management as well as explore more collaborative initiatives.

3.4 Governance training in Collaborative Forest management groups including Participatory Governance Assessment (PGA)

In Nepal, different approach has been made and implementing for systematic and scientific forest management. The most successful approach is "community forest" approach which ensuring the full involvement of respective community peoples and the forest protection, conservation and forest resources proper utilization mechanism/process. The other approach "Collaborative Forest Management" has been implementing specially in terai region with defining the local users and government roles and responsibility.

Photo 7: Spider web of Gadimai CFM HBP has been implementing the governance tools such as PGA, PWBR, PHPA and equitable benefit sharing in CFUGs and BZUCs from the beginning of the program. In connection to this, this year HBP supported training, governance tools orientation including participatory governance assessment in Collaborative Forest Management (CFM) groups (Halkhoriya & Gadimai) with objective to increase conceptual clarity and awareness on GESI and governance provisions of CFM and to increase their knowledge on PGA, PHPA and PWBR. Within this period, conducted two events in Halkhoriya and Gadhimai CFM where altogether 62 participant including 9 women, 9 janajati, 2 dalit and 43 madeshi were participated. The training sessions included orientation of collaborative forest management guideline, orientation of governance tools (PGA, PHPA, PWBR and equitable benefit sharing) and PGA was conducted of respective CFMs. The status of the PGA is given in below table.

Table 4: Score obtained in different pillars during governance assessment

SN Pillars Halkhoriya Gadimai Remarks Current Desired Ideal Current Desired Ideal Score Score Score Score Score Score

1 Transparency 8 15 16 7.5 13 16 2 Participation 8 13 16 8 12 16 3 Accountability 8 13 16 4.5 12 16 4 Predictability 7.5 12 16 6 11 16

The initiative was first for CFM that their participation as well as discussion during the PGA process was very much interactive. Finally, both CFMs developed the further improvement action plan based on the recent status. Which will more valuable actions for coming days and also will contribute to strengthen good governance practices in CFM. DFO Bara highly appreciated the training program and thanks CARE Nepal-Hariyo Ban program for conducting this training and PGA program. Finally, inputs received from these two events, the PGA guideline of CFM is in finalization process, such guideline is asset of HBP and will contribute more in future to promote the governance practices in CFM.

Table 5: Improvement Action plan prepared during CFM governance assessment

Transparency Participation Accountability Predictability  Improve the office  Ensure 33%  Formation of  More management (staff and participation of sub-committee coordination materials management women in CFM as per the CFM with other ) committee as guideline. stakeholder and well as sub focus to  Strengthen the committees  Document and implement poor Information sharing implement oriented system ( notice boards  Develop LRP PGA action activities. even in community and conduct plan. places) PWBR in all  Organize VDCs.  Disseminate different meeting  Conduct one the major with related orientation regarding  Provide decisions of stakeholders. the provision and plan scholarship to committee and of CFMC (16 events-1 16 poor, talent GA in each  Form 3 saving event in each VDC and and obedient VDC. and credit group 1 event for committee students under 8 at community VDC.  Address at level. least 50%

and implementation  Participatory suggestions of  Develop the unit) annual planning general guideline about and endorse assembly and the equitable  Committed to conduct through DFSCC PGA. benefit sharing of PHPA at least once forest products. year

 Develop the financial and administrative guideline.

Organize training or strengthening role of staffs and LRPs on promoting internal good governance (20 LRPs covering 200 groups) Two events of 5 day TOT on Governance Strengthening of NRM groups were organized in Pokhara and Nepalgunj to the build capacity of staffs and LRPs to refresh knowledge on governance tools as well as to impart facilitation skills for social mobilization. Altogether 38 participants including 32 women, 12, 2 dalit and 21 youth janajatis were trained. Training participants gained theoretical as well as practical knowledge about wider aspects of governance in community forestry. The major contents of the training was the governance tools (PH/PA, PGA, PWBR, Equitable benefit sharing) whil e related subject matters like right based approach, social mobilization tools and techniques, GESI and governance provisions relate to NRM group, mainstreaming strategy of MoFSC and Hariyo Ban Program related to Governance and

GESI, tips on strengthening leadership skills based Photo 8: Field practice of PWBR in Kristinachnechaur VDC on their roles like chairperson, secretary and Kaski treasurer and importance of inclusive structure in NRM groups for governance were also linked wherever possible. The participants also done field practice in both events and applied the governance tools in five different community forests of Kaski and Banke.

NRM issues based interaction with community leader (Capacity building, learning and sharing) An event of NRM issues based interaction was organized in Chitwan with the main objective to reflect on major governance issues in NRM groups in Chitwan and Nawalparasi. Altogether there

37 were 34 participants including including 15 women, 15 BCT, 16 JJs, 2 Dalits and 1 other. The event was participated by LDO, Chitwan, DFOs of Chitwan and Nawalparasi, Ranger, Chitwan National Park, representatives of District FECOFUN, CFUGs, BZUCs, and the local Journalist.

The major issues identified in community forests management and buffer zone area forest management is as below:

Issues in Community Forestry management

 Lack of proper implementation of Community Forest Development Guidelines (CFDG), 2065 and Environment Friendly Local Governance Framework (EFLGF). Equitable benefit sharing is still a challenge in many CFUGs (50 % women members in EC and 35% pro poor allocation of income)  Giving continuity to the reflective learning along with modification and amendment of CFOP and constitution on time.  In most cases, women’s participation is just being ceremonial rather than influence/ transformative.  The decision making process is still elite captured. There is still a challenge for leadership of poor, disadvantaged groups and women.  Remote area CFUGs are receiving only few services from district forest offices as well as other stakeholders.  Dual users’ complications in CFUGs.

Issues in Buffer Zone Management:  The goal of the government in buffer zone forest management is more focused on conservation, whereas the need of local community is more on using forest products.  Participation, ownership and access for management, utilization of resources is limited to community.  The sale of forest products outside the community is limited thus income from forest is also limited.  The provision for community development and livelihood improvement programs from the income of protected area (30-50% income) is not well rolled in field.

In consideration to afore mentioned issues, community forest and buffer zone community forest groups prepared an action plan for governance strengthening during this fiscal year 2015/16.

Review previous intervention related to Orientation to NRM Groups on Governance, Biodiversity and GESI During this reporting period, total 3 events were conducted one each in Syangja, Tanahun and Gorkha to review previous intervention related to orientation to NRM Groups on Governance, Biodiversity and GESI. Altogether there were 101 participants including 60 women, 50 BCT, 43 JJs, 8 dalits and 86 from community groups.

Progress review of previous action plan carried out where participants had shared changes in their CFUGs after the training and workshops. The effectiveness of various trainings and workshops on Governance, climate change, LIPs, CFD guidelines, CLACs and leadership development were discussed thoroughly. Similarly, the inter-linkage of Governance, Biodiversity and GESI at CFUGs was oriented and discussed as the main crux of this workshop. The participants shared following key positive outcomes through the Hariyo Ban Program interventions as:  The CFUG meeting are more regular than before  CFUG members are sensitized on the provisions of CFDG- 2065 through there are still many challenges to implement all the provisions mentioned  Representation of women in decision making position has been increased.  The CFUG members are sharing the learnings various trainings and orientations to during the CFUG meeting and General Assembly.  The practice of governance activities in the CFUGs has significantly increased.  Committed to implement the CFD guideline in fullest.

Women Leadership Development: Last year, HBP program had already started the women leadership development initiatives form last year by using the framework. In which master ToT, inter district ToT, selection of best performer (community level trainer/facilitator) and also mobilized them for women leadership development in NRM sector.

• Household level sensitization in regard to gender issues Step 1

• Sensitization or open discussion on gender issues and social disputes in regard to gender at Tole level Step 2

• Emerging natural women leader are sensitized on gender issues and prevailing scenario of nepalese society Step 3 • Awareness about roles and responsibilities of key position to the chairperson, secretary, treasurer and other executive members

Figure 5: Women Leadership development approach

With followed the same framework and approach in this reporting period, one event of cluster level leadership training was conducted in Makwanpur with total 30 LRPs and active members (22 women, 15 JJs and 2 Madhesis) from different community forests and collaborative forests of Bara and Rauthahat district. Similalrly, HBP conducted the group and community level women readership trainings, coaching and mentoring events such as HHs level counseling, mentoring, coaching and follow- up, leadership development training in NRM groups, leadership training for women & dalit NRP group leaders (at community Photo 9: CLuster level women leadership training at Makwanpur level), leadership development (women) training to NRM Groups focusing on GESI (cluster level), leadership training to- key leaders focusing Chairperson, vice-chairperson, secretary and treasurer including potential emerging women leaders. Altogether 217 Leadership development events were conducted in CHAL and TAL. The total participants were 3360 out of which 2472 women, 1116 BCT, 1549 JJ, 529 dalit, and 116 madhesi. Day to day coaching and mentoring though LRPs is ongoing to enhance women members' leadership.

Change agent grant support

Change agents nominated during International women’s day 2016 in Hariyo Ban Program

Kaski Cluster: Sabitri BK, from Syangja district is contributing community as a change agent in livelihood improvement sector, first Aid Kit distribution in 8 schools in Arukharka VDC in Syangja district. Gorkha Cluster: Sabitri Thapa Magar from Gorkha district is contributing community in micro scale community development activities through community learning and action center since the initiation of the Hariyo Ban Program. Chitwan cluster: Bikan Mahato is a poor labourer from Ratawol village in Krishnassar Buffer Zone Community Forest Users Group (BZCFUG), Nawalparasi district. She is supporting for improving income generation opportunities of poor groups. Makwanpur cluster: Bhagwati Chepang living in Haandikhola 7, Chisapani is working for Chepang communities. Nepalgung cluster: Meena Malla, a resident of Basudevpur VDC in Banke district, is a role model in Banke and has been applying herself to facilitate the poor, excluded and deprived communities.

Dhangadhi cluster: Basanti Devi Rana, 41, is a permanent resident of the Krishnapur VDC-2, Kanchanpur’s freed Kamaiya settlement. She is continuing her responsibility as a president of the Jaya Laxmi CFUG since 2012. Change agent grant support was accomplished in all 6 clusters by selecting the most influential change agent with rigorous participatory approach. Grant of Rs 100,000 to each change agent in a cluster for their visionary work to support in transforming the society regarding CCA, Biodiversity Conservation, Livelihood, Governance, and GESI. It was an encouragement, motivatory and rewarding effort to acknowledge their contribution in communities and forest as well as backstopping to continue the noble cause. The above mentioned women were felicitated and supported during IWD 2016 from Hariyo Ban Program.

Rapid Assessment of CLAC and Action Plan Preparation

Community learning and Action Center (CLAC) is one of the major instrumental social mobilization approaches of the Hariyo Ban to reach out to the poor, marginalized and women groups. It is a platform based on the REFLECT model where right, voice and choice of the poor, marginalized and women are brought up collectively through continuous discussion, issues identification and collective action upon them. The discussions based learning has boosted their confidence and courage. The change is making them aware, organized and empowered enough for needful actions and sparked towards social transformation. As CLAC is thought to be key change

maker for prosperous society and effective conservation, it was felt important to know the status of CLAC and their impact in social transformation. Thus, CLAC rapid survey was done in all districts where CARE has previously implemented CLAC. The specific objectives were to identify the status of CLAC, prepare action plan and support for post CLAC activities, and collect information for CLAC profile publication.

For the quick assessment, we developed a checklist of questionnaires to collect information and sent to the field team. We oriented the LRPs and staffs in this matter and collected the information in 389 CLACs out of 403. Group discussions were organized in each CLAC community and information was collected through participatory approach. In total 5903, among them 2916 were JJ, 1109 were Dalit, 36 Madhesi and youth 135 (the data from 348 events only) participated in this assessment process. The participants ranked their groups in very active, active and less active categories. The result shows that 26.7% are very active, 27.8% active and remaining 45.5% are less active.

Others, Chairpe 287 23, 3% rson, Coordin 185 127, ator, 158 33, 4% 107 15% 66 29

VPs other than Membe Chairpe rs, 430, rson, 52% 219,… Figure 6: Representation of CLAC members by various Organizations/Institutions/Groups Figure 7: Representation of CLAC members in various bodies by Positions In overall, this assessment reveals that CLAC brought manifold advantages in their communities. Some interesting findings are as follows:

 Total 10209 participants were enrolled in the all CLACs with a very low drop out by 655 (6.42%) participants only.  Total 285 CLACs have prepared action plan for future course of actions which incorporates IGAs/LIPs, leadership development, water and sanitation, forest based enterprises, forest conservations, saving credit etc among various others  The 2538 participants were found that they have been involved in various IGAs and supported with LIP fund from CFUG, CLAC itself and HBP.  Most of the CLACs were transformed into the saving groups or mother groups which monthly do meetings, collect the saving and revolve the same. Till the assessment, a total of NRs. 12301844 has collected, NRs 1782602 has been mobilized for Livelihood support of the CLAC participants and CFUGs has also contributed NRs 2157930 apart from HBP fund of NRs 12184900 for LIP.

 Many of the participants have claimed the various positions in various bodies after their empowerment though CLACs. The total of 832 such members were tracked claiming the positions as following in following types of institutions, organizations or groups: In conclusion, CLAC was found a most powerful tool of social mobilization and medium of transformation in the communities as various campaigns have been turned in to successful achievements and resource leveraging from various organizations in CCA, LIP and conservation activities was found tremendous. Also, the women are continuing their unified endeavor by various group formations and monthly meeting in different issues. The very active CLACs can be mobilized in learning process to other CLACs and institution which can be the footprints of the HBP for social transformation and achieving the HBP overall goal.

Community Learning and Action Center (CLAC) Net work: During this period, a CALC network was formed in Makwanpur. The interest was generated by the CALC as well as LRP's which was repeatedly shared in review reflection, interaction and monitoring visit in the past. As a result, CLAC members are interested to unite in one forum and committed to continue the previous CLAC's efforts regarding women rights, elimination of domestic and women violence, claiming meaningful participation, equitable benefit sharing of forest products, strengthen the NRM governance practice, resource leverage, biodiversity conservation, climate change adaptation, livelihood improvement including women empowerment. A one day interaction workshop was organized where 42 CALC women members were attended. Almost all participants shared their CALC progress and experiences in the workshop with full willingness to continue their effort in future too. After the intensive cross sharing and discussion they developed the common understanding to form the CLAC net work formed named “Hariyo Ban Sikai Kendra Mahila Sanjal” comprising 9 members working committee. By the end of the workshop, one year action plan was also developed including the monthly meeting in each month, four events of sensitization program and link of CLAC women members in nearest cooperatives by taking share membership.

A model CLAC in Kailali: Continiuing the conservation and women empowerment through cooperatives A good example of CLAC continuity and their sustainability is demonstrated in Lamkichuha Municipality Kailali where CLAC and its members established the cooperative "Chure Samrakchan Women Saving and Credit Cooperative Ltd". Such initiative and strategy is seems very good to strengthen PVSE women's unity as well as continuity of women's issues/advocacy issues. All 7 CLACs of Lamki are affiliated in the same cooperative. They also included other 11 women group members of same area as a share member (especially same status women and groups formed by other too). Some of the remarkable points regarding the cooperative are as follows:

 The most interesting thing is the continuation of CLAC discussion and advocacy process. The cooperative executive members divided their role and attending in all CLAC discussion (once in a month) and providing facilitation support as well as link the local women issues in cooperative.  The new membership fee is NRs. 2,000, however, cooperative has defined special provision of PVSE that the membership fee for pro poor HHs is only NRs. 500. Till date 5 PVSE HHs have received membership in Rs. 500.  The cooperative has good transaction and providing the saving and credit facilities to their members.  The cooperative has provision of investing loan for livelihood/IGA improvement at 12% interest rate which is comparatively low than other cooperatives as well as institutions. Till date the cooperative has provided livelihood loan to 45 PVSE HHs. The cooperative has also followed the business plan preparation for each IGA/LIP activitie.  The cooperative has also started daily saving scheme and now 300 people are saving their amount daily.  Besides cooperatives, women members are jointly working with CFUGs and DFO and are implementing open grazing control, plantation, forest protection and also doing joint forest patrolling works.  In coordination with Lamki Chuha municipality, the cooperative has been working for LAPA implementation through installing improved cooking stoves in the different vulnerable communities. (last year 45 # and current year 70 # on the process). The municipality has allocated next year budget (Rs 70,000) for additional ICS installation.  The cooperative members are very clear about the networking and coordination mechanism required for their effective functioning.

Men and Decision Maker's Engagement: Master The similar framework of women leadership ToT development is practiced for men and decision maker's engagement. Where master ToT, Refresher Cluster level ToT cluster level ToT are included to develop more knowledgeable and skillful local human Review and resource/champions and focus to integrate Reflection Tailor made community level with women leadership development in NRM training/coaching/mentoring sector. Figure 8 : Process of men champion mobilization and promoting women leaders in NRM groups

Master ToT of Men and decision maker's Engagement Champion

Within this reporting period, a 7 days training was organized in Chitwan with the objective to develop the skilled resource persons/champions to implement men and decision maker's

44 engagement activities in the program area. The aim of the men and decision maker's engagement is to create more awareness among EC, NRM groups and respective communities about the men and decision maker's engagement that ultimately contribute to promote the enabling and supportive environment for women leadership development in NRM sector. Altogether there were 27 participants including 13 women, 16 BCT, 5 JJs, 4 dalits, 1 madhesi and 1 other from TAL and CHAL. The participants were the program staffs of CARE Nepal-Hariyo Ban Program, LRPs, staffs and executive committee members of FECOFUN and other partner organization. Resource persons from IPPAR- Ms. Bharati Silawal Giri and Mr. Kapil Kafle were the lead facilitators of the TOT. This event was a first of its kind of TOT in Hariyo Ban Program which is devised as following chain events. At the end, cluster-wise action plans were prepared for follow up events related to men and decision maker's engagement and included district and community level different activities.

Cluster level ToT of men and decision maker's champion: Men and decision maker's engagement initiative is new for HBP and regularly followed up of the master ToT action plan in each cluster. The same actions plan and its progress were also reviewed in HBP Program Management Team meeting in January 2016. The team realized the gaps among master trainers, GESI dedicated Local Resource Persons and technical staffs that the action plan activities were not implemented properly and decided to conduct cluster level ToT. The objective of the cluster level ToT was to develop a simple training guideline to roll out men and decision maker's engagement, to develop training contents and session curriculum for the follow up events, to enhance skill on identifying gender gaps in CFUGs and developing group level interventions to address the identified gender gaps. In this reporting period, total 5 events of cluster level men and decision maker's engagement ToT was organized in Banke, Bara, Chitwan, Lamjung and Kaski. Altogether there were total 122 participants including 79 women, 39 JJ, 17 dalits, 17 poor and 2 youths. All cluster level trainings were facilitated by Men Engagement Alliance Nepal and Mr. Kapil Kafle was the lead facilitators and men engagement champions played the co facilitation role. Such training events were very much helpful to build the capacity of men champion's in both knowledge and skills that most of expressed their learning's and committed to replicate men engagement initiatives. As per the participant's commitment, district wise action plans were developed to implement community level men engagement activities with refinement of Master ToT action plan. Community level men and decision maker's interventions: On the reference of district wise action plan (prepared in cluster level ToT) with in this four month period group and community level men and decision maker's engagement activities are implemented. The major activities were gender training, leadership training and couple discussions. The objectives of the group and community level activities was to create awareness about men and decision maker's engagement and importance of men's role on women leadership development 45 process and to sensitize community people's and group members on sex and gender, patriarchy and its bad impact, social context and gender existing practices including the status of women active participation in NRM groups and to develop common understanding and harmony among men and women even at household level that find out different solutions and actions to promote women leadership in coming days. In total 32 training events (22 TAL and 10 CHAL) are completed. 1001 people including 559 women, 392 JJ, 175 dalits, 26 others, 498 poor and 37 youths were trained from the events.

2.1.3 Sub IR 1.4 Income from sustainable sources of livelihood for forest dependent communities increased

Alternative livelihood provisions for marginalized forest dependent communities directly help to reduce poverty and anthropogenic pressures on the forest. Also, livelihood improvement program support for poor users has been provisioned in CFD Guideline expecting to reduce the poverty of forest dependent users. In this regard, Hariyo Ban has been supporting the poors of forest dependent communities through IGAs, LIPs and forest based green enterprises. This year the LIP support to 618 HHs of forest dependent and flood affected communities, IGA support to 22 HHs, skilled based training to 10 people (reported in IR2 section) was carried out in the program area.

Sub IR 1.4.1 Livelihood improvement support for flood affected HHs and forest dependent poor HHs

A total of 618 HHs were supported during this Year wise LIP supported HHs reporting period out of which 207 forest dependent HHs were supported in, Chitwan 2000 (100) Makawanpur (31), Kaski (38) and 1500 Tanahun 38). 400 HHs of flood affected communities were supported in Banke (215), 1000 1787 Bardiya (153) and Dang (32), and 11 poor HHs 500 465 618 192 378 was supported in Gorkha. The selection of the 0 134 flood affected HHs was accomplished in close coordination with District Disaster Risk Reduction Committee (DDRC), respected Figure 9: Year wise LIP support VDCs and NRCS. Officially verified information from Nepal Government was the basis to select the LIP support from HBP in Nepalgunj cluster. In Chitwan, BZCFUGs identified vulnerable ultra poor users HHs of poverty pockets of flood affected areas and implemented the LIP in close coordination with municipality.

Out of total 618 HHs, 321 women (51.94%) Ethnicity wise LIP supported HHs in Year-V were benefitted, 144 dalit, 299 JJ, 11 Madhesi, 700 618 40 youth, 536 poor and ultrapoor (86.73%) were 600 benefitted. The businesses were 64 off farm and 500 554 were onfarm of which 367 goat farming 400 299 (59.38%) out of 618 HHs comprising large 300 200 158 144 amount. In overall 3239 people have been 100 11 6 benefitted out of which 1605 are women, 1652 0 JJ, 709 dalit, 88 Madhesi, 29 others, 2770 poor and ultra poor from LIP support. The NPR 82, 53,996.00 was supported from HBP, NRs 1, 94, 800.00 from CFUG, NRs 134000.00 from other Figure 10: LIP support ethnicity wise in Year-V orgnanizations and NRs 78, 61, 110.00 was committed to invest from the household’s level themselves. Box 3: LIP progress tracking in 6 CFUGs of Tanahun The LIP progress in 6 CFUGs of Tanahun (Toonibhanjyang, Tinsale, Poseli, Mahila Makhuwa, Kamalbari and Aamdanda Khodemohoriya) was assessed during this reporting period. Initially, 48 HHs were supported for LIP in those 6 CFUGs with a total investement of Rs 8,86,500 out of which Rs 3,22,000 from HB, Rs 1,78,000 from CFUGs and Rs 3,86, 500 from individuals. Now the LIP support has been revolved which is increased by 15 HHs (from 48 to 63). They have earned Rs 6,61, 000 till now and the evaluation of goods to be sold is Rs 9,18,400 which total of Rs 15, 79,400.00

Photo 10: Aiti Maya of Manahari-5 Makawanpur rearing pig (left) and husband of Krishna Devi Thapa Magar, Madi-5, Chitwan working in their Grain mill

1.4.2.5 Technical training for LIP/income generation activities: A total 3 events of Technical training for LIP/Income generation activities was organized in Chitwan and Nawalparasi (livestocks management) and Banke (fish farming) to provide technical knowledge on feeding system, habitat management, and prevention, treatment of different diseases. DFO, DADO and DLSO staffs have facilitated the session. In total 103 participants were benefitted through the training, out of which 79 women, 80 JJ, 5 dalit, 49 poor, and 10 were youth.

LIP orientation workshop Five events of LIP orientation/workshops/meeting were accomplished in Maadi Municipality (Paanchpandav BZUC and Ayodhyapuri BZUC) of Chitwan during LIP preparation. A total of total 211 participants including 112 women, 74 Janajati, 60 Dalit, 170 poor participated in various events.

Box 4: Some good cases of LIP progress Syangja  Kalpana Poudel, Aarukharka-7 earned Rs 20, 000 from vegetable farming within 6 months.  Devi BK, Aarukharka-7 earned Rs. 10,000 from vegetable farming within 6 months.  Single women Anjana Pariyar, Aarukharka-7 earns monthly Rs 5,000 from tailoring.  Buddhimaya BK, Fedikhola, Chipleti CFUG, Syangja earned NRs. 26,000 from poultry within 6 months. Tanahun  Kuman Singh Rana, Poseli CFUG, Jamune Bhanjyang earns Rs. 50,000/months from hotel out of which 50% remains profit.  Keshimaya Ale, from Poseli CFUG earned Rs 30,000 from bamboo furniture (muda). Kaski  Single women Parbati Adhikari, Majuwa CFUG, Dhital-9 earned Rs 55, 000 from goat keeping within a year.  Single women Luri BK, Bhumipujne Tisdhunge CFUG has increased the goats from 2 to 10 in 2 years with value of more than Rs 80, 000.  Raj Bahadur BK, Bhumipujne Tisdhunge CFUG earned Rs 20, 000 in 8 months from poultry and now has more than Rs 20, 000 still ready to sell.  Ujeli BK, Bhumipujne Tisdhunge CFUG has raised buffalo calf which has estimated value of Rs 80, 000 of now.  Chij Kumari Pariyar, Sardikhola-9 earned Rs 20, 000 within a year from goat keeping.  Karna Bahadur Gurung from Chapakot VDC – 7, Kaski is able to make NRs. 46,000 from goat rearing and owns 7 more goats Chitwan Cluster:  Dhan Maya B.K. from flood affected community of Madi Municipality-1, earns Rs. 2,000- 3,000 daily from her grocery shop and makes saving Rs. 200-300 daily apart from expenses.  Krishna Devi Thapa Magar from flood affected community of Madi Municipality-5 earns Rs 10, 000 per day from Grain Mill which she saves Rs 500 daily apart from family expenses.  Sabitri Sapkota from Padampur, Chitwan was a landless who got 3 kattha land from Government and recieved LIP support from HBP from which she earned Rs 44, 000 by selling goats and own 9 more. Nepalgunj Cluster  Asu Sejawal, poor members earned Rs 20, 000 by selling goats and own 4 more goats.

 Surja Kathayat from Babai Municipality-5, Godana, Bardiya earned Rs. 33,375 by selling milk and ghee from buffalo rearing.  Nathuram Tharu expanded his grocery shop in Tingharuwa with LIP support of HBP and now saves Rs 100 daily apart from family expenses. Kailali Cluster  Bismati Chaudhary, a freed bonded labor from Krishnapur Municipality was supported LIP through HBP for pig rearing and she has earned Rs. 86,500 until now. Makawanpur Cluster: Aiti Maya from Pratapur, Manahari-5, Makawanpur earned Rs 60, 000 from selling piglets and own a women pig which helped her to recover from Earthquake. Gorkha Cluster: Seti Magar, differently-abled single woman of Gorkha Municipality-4, Dhodre CFUG, earned Rs. 80,000 from pig rearing profession.

Sub IR 1.4.1.2 Income generation activities (IGAs)

Tunnel Farming support in Babukuwa CFUG, Banke:

8 leader farmers in Banke were supported for tunnel farming this year in collaboration with District Agriculture Development Office (DADO) Banke. HBP CARE Nepal supported 4 and DADO Banke supported 4 farmers HHs with NRs. 10,000 each. In total 44 people has been benefitted from 8 HHs (1 women, 1 JJ, 1 dalit, 4 poor) out of which 23 were women. After tunnel support they earned NRs. 3,500 per HHs in first season farming.

Mushroom farming scale up support in Faram tole, Banke:

Mushroom farming support was provided to 14 HHs (8 women, 3 JJ, 6 dalit, 10 poor, 80 people of which 38 women) in Faram tole, Banke this year for continuing their enterprise. They sold average 20 kg (Rs 4,000) of mushroom per HH in first lot.

Conservation pond support in Kanneshwori CFUG, Banke: Hariyo Ban has supported to construct a conservation pond with one hector area to nearby existing pond where additional 5 poor HHs will be supported for fish farming.

Sub IR 1.4.3.1. Establishment of green enterprise and support

Bel Juice processing enterprise (Aegle marmelos) - Mountain Tanahun Samudayik Falful Tatha Bel Prasodhan Uddhyog.

Bel Juice processing enterprise has been established in Jamune Bhanjynag-5, Tanahun district in third year of HBP. The different 6 CFUGs named - Posheli CFUG, Barchyang CFUG, Jyantang Padhera CFUG, Bhirpani CFUG, Umachowk CFUG, Sidda Batasan CFUG of the same area are jointly running the green enterprise in support of HBP, CARE Nepal - machinery support of NRs 1,128,955 and technical support. The prior investment fund of these CFUGs is NRs. 4, 60,000.00 as seed money to establish and operate the enterprise. The 15 members coordination committee is already exist for overall management and also formed the steering committee comprising 7 members. Last year, 4 full time staffs were hired for Bel Juice production period and have produced about 2500 bottle of Bel squash. In this fifth year, HBP continuously provides the technical guidance to the Bel Juice management committee through facilitation of series of review reflection meeting and interaction meetings. As a result of these efforts, the coordination committee is reshuffled, single person nominated for overall production management, revised the business plan, enterprise operational guideline developed and also solved their misunderstanding. At the same time, coordination committee managed the communal land (2 Ropani) from Jamune VDC to construct enterprise building. The design estimate of proposed building is also completed and they are going to explore the resource leverage options and will start in near future. Now, they have already started their second production too. With referring the revised business plan, they have a target to produce 5000 bottles Bel Juice in this year and have already collected and transported 17000 kg Bel fruits. Since this year Bel fruit production was less compared to the last year, they have identified a new site in Ramjakot VDC for Bel collection. They have also decided to include Posh Barahai CFUG in their enterprise as this CFUG is attached to others CFUGs and Bel fruit production is higher than other CFUG.

I would like to update that, 2,43,000 NRS. Were collected as a profit until this time. They have been collected more than 1600 KG bel fruit for this year and this year’s production is ongoing in field. If you need other information regarding this let me know.

Sisnu Powder Enterprise (nettle powder): A green enterprise of nettle powder production was established 3 years earlier with the support of Hariyo Ban Program in Gorkha. Nettle powder production started and high appreciation was received from GLAs and other stakeholders in District and national level. The sisnu powder enterprise building was totally and partly the machine damaged by the mega earthquake of 25th April 2015. In this reporting period, we had initiated reconstruction of building and repairing of equipments of nettle powder enterprise in Barpak. For the smooth operation of the enterprise and to provide maximum benefits to targeted audience and sustainability, some changes also carried out in

50 management; committee was reformed comprising 15 members, decided to collect NRs 3,000.00 per committee members to cover initial production cost and formed enterprise management committee comprising 4 members with defined specific role. It was also decided about the benefit sharing mechanism such as Ragar CFUG 10%, institutional development including revenue, tax and others 30% and benefit sharing among the members 60%. Further, the reconstruction work is going on in joint collaboration of HBP CARE Nepal (material cost), ERP Care Nepal (labor cost) and community (local material and some CIK).

IR 2: SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT

The activities under this component have been conducted with the objective to build the structure, capacity and operations necessary for effective sustainable landscapes management, especially for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) readiness. In addition, support to REDD+ related policy making, studies, assessment, capacity building of various stakeholders at different level to implement REDD+ along with conservation activities, reducing drivers of deforestation and forest degradation with focus on its underlying causes and piloting of payment for ecosystem services (PES) directly contribute to reduce the threats to biodiversity conservation and build resilience of community people by increasing income, improving the conditions of environmental services and enhancing equitable access to resources and service providers .

Key accomplishments: National specific REDD+ social and environmental standard (SES) development, relevant studies, assessments, publication, capacity building of various stakeholders to understand and support to REDD+ initiatives, implementation of community based measures to address site specific drivers of deforestation and forest degradation and initiatives taken towards pilotingpayment for ecosystem services (PES) to the sustainable management of the identified ecosystem services along with ensuring equitable benefit sharing practice are the key accomplishments of this component within this five years period through CARE Nepal. National specific REDD+ SES, its monitoring plan and the first assessment report is almost at final stage of completion. A study on reviewing benefit sharing mechanism of community based forest management regimes and their applicability on REDD+ was also conducted and the results were shared to REDD Implementation Center as a part of supports to the REDD+ strategy development. Capacity building events conducted at different levels in sequence (i. local resource persons, ii. staffs, iii. community iv. government v. civil society) helped to fulfill the objective of building capacity of diverse stakeholders for REDD+ readiness. Total 172 events of trainings and workshops were conducted under this component in these five years comprised of participants representing 46% Janajati, 10% Dalit and 2% Madhesi. Most of these events were targeted to community people

51 thus the beneficiaries composition of these trainings and workshops shows 7% government, 10% civil society, 76% community people and remaining 8% others. Basically, we focused on social strengthening at local level necessary for REDD+ implementation rather than its technical aspect as the concept is still developing and national level policy making work is also continuing that may bring significant changes to its technical aspect. In addition, we contributed to leverage government fund to empower women, poor, youth to fulfill their basic needs and make them ready for contributing on climate finance. In total, 388 Community Learning and Action Centers (CLAC) implemented in different areas of CHAL and TAL has become a platform to discuss and address several issues tied to biodiversity conservation, sustainable landscape management, climate change adaptation, gender and social inclusion, livelihood improvement and governance along with their community specific issues. The platform has become a noble one to contribute for building capacity and making the community ready to support for REDD+ initiatives at local level through the mobilization of local resource person. As the platform was not confined to REDD+ only, the community has not received deeper understanding on REDD+ along with its challenges however the platform worked well to develop conceptual understanding on REDD+ and continue their conservation initiatives with focus on forest carbon too beyond the conventional understanding of fresh air and landscape beauty as the benefits of forests. Our efforts to implement community based measures to address site specific drivers of deforestation and forest degradation with focus on its underlying causes in consultation with the community was experienced as very pragmatic approach to translate global approach to the local level. In total 26 biogas installation, 251 CFOPs renewal, 2883 mud ICS installation, 100 metallic ICS, 459341 seedlings plantation in 294 ha area, skill based training to 42 individuals, 290 dund support, more than 20 km of forest fire line management, income generating activities to 81 households (e.g. vegetable farming, livestock rearing, grocery shop, cosmetic shop, fish farming, cash crop cultivation) support provided under this component as a part of community based measures may not be adequate to address the diverse and chronic issues of deforestation and forest degradation at community level however the learning generated to the community and us is invaluable. Similar, interventions are expected to be continued in the areas supported and expanded in other areas in future. Initiatives towards piloting the Payment for Ecosystem Service (PES) concept in Mid-Marsyangdi watershed is one of the innovative endeavors towards sustainable livelihood conducted under this component. Though the concept has not fully implemented yet, stakeholder's readiness, institutional development to implement the concept, government leadership and existence of local partner to continue the initiative at local level is very impressive that can be considered as a legacy of this first phase implementation of Hariyo Ban Program. Altogether 119 capacity building events in presence of 2547 people including 372 government representatives, 869 women, 1160 janajati and

216 dalit have been conducted towards stakeholders' readiness for PES piloting in Lamjung within this period of Hariyo Ban Program. In addition, PES posters along with its brief note, GESI in REDD+ training manual and Nepali version of integrating gender into forestry research are the major publications generated during this period. To be specific to this reporting period, three field consultations for REDD+ SES assessment report preparation, support to 45 CFOP renewal, national workshop on PSR project, 58 different events related to capacity building for PSR implementation in partnership, 54 action plans of CLACs as a part of post CLAC supports, skill based training to 29 forest dependent people to provide alternative livelihood options and reduce pressure on forests, 25 events of Gender Responsive Budget (GRB) analysis and/or CSB practice, 12 supports to implement action plans prepared in previous year GRB analysis and CSB practice, two events of awareness raising activity on drivers of deforestation and forest degradation, 600 fodder species plantation in private land, 500 m of biological fencing, enrichment of 110000 seedlings, two events of issue interaction workshop, two events of awareness raising program, road side plantation of 600 seedlings are the major accomplishments. In total, 1776 people including 103 government representatives, 73 civil society and 1302 community people comprised of 843 women, 823 BCT, 767 Janajati, 129 dalit, 51 madhesi and 285 poor people participated in different capacity building events conducted under this component in this reporting period.

IR 2.1: Analysis, Formulation and Execution of REDD+ Policies and Strategies Supported Besides some studies at policy level, development of country specific REDD+ social and environmental standards (SES) along with its first assessment report is the key activity started since the beginning of Hariyo Ban Program in CARE Nepal. Brief updates on the initiative are presented as follows:

Nepal specific REDD+ SES indicators development, its monitoring plan and assessment report preparation is being continuing with FECOFUN and REDD Implementation Center under the Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation. The nation specific REDD+ Social and Environmental Standards (SES) with 7 principles, 28 Criteria and 66 indicators and draft REDD+ SES monitoring plan has already been prepared. Finalization of the monitoring plan and its assessment report with the support of NARMA consultancy Pvt. Ltd. is still continuing as it was halted for some months due to affect of mega earthquake as well as terai blockade. During this reporting period, 3 events of field consultation to prepare REDD+ SES assessment report were accomplished in partnership with FECOFUN central. Detailed report of those events is yet to receive. The draft report for the REDD+ SES assessment report with all the methodologies and strategies applied along with preliminary results have already been shared and discussed among the relevant team members. The draft report has provided indicator wise elaborative information which needs to be edited to make

53 concise report. Public notice for requesting comments on the assessment report along with national consultation has remained now to complete the overall process of REDD+ SES assessment report preparation. The report has already been translated in Nepali version for the ease of public to provide their valuable comments. The REDD+ SES monitoring plan along with the first assessment report is expected to be useful for developing national safeguard information system (SIS) as per the requirement of UNFCCC for countries involving into REDD+ implementation process. Further, it helps to enhance positive outcomes of REDD+ initiative and address potential negative consequences.

2.2 Capacity for forest inventory and GHG monitoring, and equitable benefit sharing developed

Altogether 2235 people including 974 janajati, 260 dalit and 28 madhesi participated in different capacity building events related to REDD+, forest inventory and GHG monitoring and equitable benefit sharing within this five years of Hariyo Ban Program. The original idea was to build capacity for REDD+ implementation considering the elements of REDD+ strategy however the strategy making process took considerable time. Therefore, most of the activities conducted for capacity building were focused into building capacity to understand and support for REDD+ implementation, promoting equitable benefit sharing practice at community based forest management modules and conservation along with enhancement of forest carbon. Participants from the government agencies, civil society organizations, local resource persons and our staffs during these capacity building events have been facilitating similar events at their respective areas. In addition, community level participants are contributing for conservation as well as sustainable management of forests with due consideration to forest carbon enhancement at local level in contrast to the traditional beliefs of forest management limited to the benefits of fresh air, timber, fodder and fuelwood.

2.3 Drivers of deforestation and forest degradation analyzed and addressed

Most of the interventions for reducing drivers of deforestation and forest degradation have focused in CHAL in this reporting period. According to the CHAL assessment report, key drivers of deforestation and forest degradation are (i) over and unsustainable harvest of forest products (mostly, illegally), (ii) infrastructure development, (iii) forest encroachment for resettlement and urban expansion, (iv) agricultural expansion (permanent and shifting cultivation), (v) uncontrolled forest fires, (vi) overgrazing, (vii) invasion by alien plant species, (viii) landslides and floods, (ix) stone mining, and (x) recreation. However, our interventions are not inclined to all these drivers. Most of our activities are focused into over and unsustainable harvest of forest products, invasion

54 by alien plant species, landslides and floods and over grazing. It's more or similar to the case of TAL. There are several underlying causes of these drivers and it's varied in different areas. Our interventions are confined to a specific site and scattered in a large area thus there are still long way to deeply address these drivers.

Total 54 Post CLAC support, up scaling of community based measures to address drivers of deforestation and forest degradation with focus on its underlying causes in two CFUGs, 9 events of Gender Responsive Budget (GRB) analysis and Community Score Board (CSB) practice along with its review reflection as well as follow up support in 11 sites, support to 45 CFOPs renewal, 3 events of media sensitization on forest fire, skill based training to 29 forest dependent people, 32600 seedlings plantations and 496 improved cooking stoves support are the key initiatives carried out to address the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in this reporting period. Most of these activities are contributing to biodiversity conservation as well as climate change adaptation too. Brief details of each of these supports are as follows:

Support to implement CLAC action plan:

Altogether 54 action plans of 48 CLACs were supported in this reporting period in different working areas of Hariyo Ban Program. Among them, the support is comparatively higher towards economic empowerment of women i.e. 61%. It varies among support to establish various cooperatives, group farming of off season vegetables, livestock support and diverse skill based trainings. Secondly, the support was focused into reducing adverse impacts of climate change i.e. 15%. It covers support related to water resource conservation, reducing vulnerabilities of flood prone areas communities and landslide management etc.

Figure 11: Categories of post CLAC support in the year 5 of Precisely 13% of total supports have been Hariyo Ban Program provided for reducing drivers of deforestation and forest degradation. It includes activities related to plantation, forest fire management and open grazing control. Remaining 11% of total support has focused into gender and social inclusion that

varied among orientation towards women and reproductive health, reducing gender based violence, enhancement of women's participation in NRM groups and women leadership promotion. This shows that community level issues are mostly inclined towards their livelihood improvement options that ultimately reduce their dependency on forests and support on conservation as well as climate change mitigation. However, amplification of these supports is highly needed to meet the long term goal of climate change mitigation through forests.

Photo 14: Turmeric farming by Photo 16: MushroomPhoto farming 15: Mat by making during the training Sirjanshil CLAC at Aghuali, Kawaswoti Pargati CLAC Piple Chitwanprovided as post CLAC support in Kailali

Outcomes of previous year post CLAC support:

Group Farming of Ginger and Cauliflower-Janajagaran CLAC, Chipleti CFUG, Fedikhola-7,8, Syangja

Total area: 2 ropani land spreaded in 3 spots. Total earning: Initial -Rs 250,000, Additional -Rs. 70,000 Photo 13: Turmeric Cultivation by Use of earnings: RevolvingPhoto 11: Bamboofund for Craft emergency-Muda use and other IGAs Photo 12: Yang Maya Tamang Unnati CLAC in Ayodhyapuri, Madi making training at Bara spinning wheel in leisure period. Drum for bio-fertilizer and sprinkle for irrigation, Darbarchowk CLAC, Jaukhet Gairaru CFUG, Arukharkha-7, Syangja •Total area of ginger farming: 2 ropanies in 3 spots •Expected earnings: 1500 kg ginger equivalent to Rs 105,000 in local market

Ginger cultivation, Bhumipujne Tisdhunge CFUG, Lamachaur-8, Kaski •Total area: 2 ropani land, 100kg ginger •Estimated earning: Rs 60,000

Upscaling of community based measures to address D and D

Picture 17: Women working for vegetable farming- Picture 18: Cash crop farming done by Galchhina Bandevi CLAC CLAC members

Photo 18: Use of dund in Bajanath CFUG, Photo 17: Use of ICS in Kopila CFUG, KailaliKanchanpur Based on the consultation with district forest authorities and assessment of Positive outcome of dund and ICS support: drivers of deforestation and forest degradation of Bramahadev and The dund support has helped to promote staff feeding practice and reduced pressure on forests for fodder collection. Consequently natural Karnali corridors, support of ICS, regeneration of Bijaya Sal (Pterocarpus marsupium) has increased fire line maintenance, stall feeding these days in Baijanath CFUG due to less interference in the forest. In pan (Dund) were provided in addition, community has experienced the fuelwood consumption Baijnath CFUG, Kanchanpur and reduction by 25-30% due to ICS support in Kopila CFUG of Kailali. Kopila CFUG, Kailali. Fortyone dund support to very poor households of Dalit community at Baijnath CFUG, Kanchanpur and 50 ICS support in Kopila CFUG of Kailali was provided in this reporting period.

Gender Responsive Budget (GRB) Analysis and Community Score Board (CSB) interface meeting to promote equitable benefit sharing mechanism

Before conducting Gender Responsive Budget (GRB) Analysis and Community Score Board (CSB) practice at local level, two events of trainings were originally conducted in year 4 and year 5 of Hariyo Ban Program to staffs. In that workshop, concepts of 14 steps development planning, gender based discrimination, gender responsive budgeting

and gender audit were shared and the Photo 19: Participants in the GRB and CSB workshop, Chitwan feasibility of adopting these approaches in Hariyo Ban and development planning were discussed with 29 participants from Hariyo Ban Program consortium partners including 14 women, 6 janjati, 1 dalit and 3 madhesi. It helped to plan and facilitated those events local level. In addition, two events of socially accountability training GRB and CSB concept were provided to local resource persons as well as respective NRM group executives. In total 64 people including 20 LRPs from Kailali, Kanchanpur, Bardiya and Kaski, 12 representatives from executive committees, 36 women, 3 JJ, 5 dalits and 11 youths participated in those events.

Then, 25 events of GRB analysis and/or CSB conducted in this reporting period in presence of 865 participants including 338 women, 291 janajati, 49 dalit, 70 madhesi, 88 poor, 66 youth and 61 from GLAs in TAL and ChAL. Action plans were developed from the conducted events to encompass for increasing women participation in local planning process, to make the gender responsive budgeting, to nominate andmobilze, gender focal person, to activate anti GBV committee and to strengthen the information sharing mechanism of VDC to the grassroot level. Altogether, 12 supports were provided to implement action plans prepared in previous year GRB and CSB practice at VDC level. Altogether, 315 participants including 112 women, 134 janajati, 34 dalit, 3 madhesi representing political parties, ward citizen forum, CFUGs, VDC and civil society participated in the review and reflection workshop.

Support to implement GRB and CSB action plan prepared in previous year

Altogether, 11 supports were Key achievements noted during review and reflection of GRB provided to implement action and CSB practice conducted in the last year in Deurali VDC, plans prepared in previous year Gorkha: GRB and CSB practice at VDC . Increased representation of women and dalit’s in ward citizen forum level. Altogether, 315 i.e. 2-women 4- dalit and 4- Janajati). . Placement of citizen chart in VDC office. participants including 112 . Provision to ensure 1/3 women and other disadvantaged groups women, 134 janajati, 34 dalit, 3 participation in all users committees formed by VDC . Reformation of VDC level monitoring committee and developed madhesi representing political their ToR and monitoring indicators. parties, ward citizen forum, . Formation of VDC level gender coordination committee and CFUGs, VDC and civil society nomination of gender focal person in process. . Plan of capacity building training to women, dalit and janajati participated in the review and . Decision to establish ward level notice board to display key reflection workshop. Among the information like VDC level decisions as well as PHPA reports . Plan of VDC office staffs annual performance review and total participants, 8% of the total documentation participants were from government agencies. After the review and reflection program in Manohari and Handikhola VDC, Makwanpur, 5 boards were distributed to each VDC to display the prioritized activities and creative publications in line with GRB analysis and CSB practice. In case of Manohari VDC, area health post did collaboration with the support of sanitary pads to women students in the local school.

In Patabhar VDC-Bardiya, oneleadership training in collaboration with women network was conducted as a follow up support to GRB analysis and CSB practice. 28 women and 10 men took part in the training. Similarly one event of sewing training was organized in Banke in collaboration with Binauna VDC. 27 women from 9 wards of Binauna VDC took part in this training for a month. In addition to the training, Photo 20: Distributed boards during review reflection Binauna VDC has provided 12 sewing machines program of GRB analysis and CSB practice in Manohara VDC, Makwanpur including partial financial support of Rs 15000 during the training. Participants are expected to continue sewing business as a part of off farm income generation activity after this training.

CFOP renewal In this reporting period, altogether 45 CFOPs has been assisted to be revised incorporating biodiversity, climate change and ecosystem related concerns of the area (following early developed checklist for CFOP renewal) in collaboration with District Forest Office (DFO). Resultantly, 3642.56 ha of forest land have come under improved management and 7122 households have benefitted including 1831 BCT, 2814 janjati and 921 dalit. The executive committee includes 195 women, 163 BCT, 207 janajatis, 61 Dalits and 79 poor people.

Table 6: Details of CFOP renewed with the support of Hariyo Ban Program, CARE Nepal in this reporting period S District Number of Area of Renewed Benefici EC representation N CFOPs CFOPs (hectares) aries Renewed (HH) 1 Gorkha 29 1836.83 3998 40% women, 11% dalit and 48% janajatis 2 Lamjung 8 501.48 783 36% women, 24% dalit and 47% janajatis 3 Banke 8 1304.25 2341 45% women, 5% dalit and 22% janajatis Total 45 3642.56 7122

Key conclusions of assessing CFOPs supported by Hariyo Ban Program from the perspective of 100 83 83 climate change integration: 80 Year 2 . Vulnerability Assessment: 50% of the CFOPs 60 45 Year 3 have mentioned factors of vulnerability. 40 . Factors of vulnerability: Flood, intense rainfall, 40 Year 4 increasing temperature, drought, forest fire, hail, 20 Year 5 fog/mist, endemic diseases, insects/pests, and invasive species 0 . Identification of vulnerable community or Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 ecosystem: Not mentioned Figure 12: No. of support to CFOPs renewal in different years of . Integration of community adaptation plan of Hariyo Ban Program, CARE Nepal actions (CAPAs): 42% of CFOPs . Integrated adaptation measures: 1. Fire line management (52%), 2. Tunnel farming (50%), organic farming (22%), 3. Improved cooking stoves (17%), 4. Invasive species control (14%) 5. Silvicultural operation (11%) . Special provision to disaster affected people: 50% of CFOPs . Key findings: Though most of the integration is not purposefully done in CFOPs, most of these activities are likely to contribute for climate change adaptation and mitigation. Therefore, climate change adaptation, REDD+ or PES is additional benefit that we can obtain from the implementation of CFOPs.

Photo 21: During field practice of forest fire management at Janashakti CFUG, Makwanpur

Altogether, 251 CFOPs renewal support has been provided upto this period through Hariyo Ban Program, CARE Nepal (Figure 2). It covers 23401.56 ha of forest area and 41530 beneficiary households including 18780 janajati, 4982 dalit, 638 madhesi and 19918 poor. An assessment from the perspective of climate change integration in CFOPs renewed with the support of Hariyo Ban Program has also been done.

Media sensitization on Forest fire issues at district level

Total of 3 events of forest fire sensitization workshop in participation of 72 people including 30 women, 44 Janajati and 4 dalits along with field practice was accomplished in this reporting period at Makwanpur Cluster. Representatives of journalist, community people and concerned stakeholders were present in the workshop.

Issues related to forest fire, prevention measures and its control measures were discussed during the workshops. A simple field practice was done in Janshakti CFUG. Along with field practice, role of media through mass sensitization to forest fire management was discussed and necessary action plans were also prepared in the workshop.

Skill development training to CBAPU/ CLAC

Skill based training to 29 forest dependent people and community of earthquake affected areas that are potential to be involved in recovery activities was provided in partnership with Manakamana Training and Skill Development Institute P. Ltd. Individual primary toolkits and training equipments for building electrician was made available to trainees after that training so that they can carry on their occupation respective to their skill.

Table 7: Details of skill based training participants in support of Hariyo Ban Program, CARE Nepal in this reporting period SN Occupation Location Participants Detail Start and No. of Man Woman JJ Dalit Total End Date days 1 Building Bharatpur 12 0 7 4 12 21 Aug – 60 Electrician Municipality- 19 Oct 11, Chitwan 2015 2 Cook/Homestay Bharatpur 5 4 5 1 9 21 Aug – 60 Municipality- 19 Oct 11, Chitwan 2015

3 Motorcycle Bharatpur 1 0 1 0 1 21 Aug – 60 Mechanic Municipality- 19 Oct 11, Chitwan 2015

4 Light Vehicle Bharatpur 0 7 6 0 7 25 Aug – 8 45 Driving Municipality- Oct 2015 11, Chitwan

Total Participants 18 11 19 5 29

CTEVT certification of the participants related to building electrician, cook/homestay was also supported by CARE Nepal Hariyo Ban Program. Among them, 7 participants including 5 Janajati and 1 dalit of building electrician training passed the CTEVT training. Certification of their skill is

61 expected to help them to apply alternative livelihood options and reduce their family's dependency on forests.

Plantation Altogether 23,100 different seedlings planted in this reporting period. The plantations were done from different perspectives that vary among reducing pressure in community management or national forests, fodder species plantation in private land, degraded land rehabilitation in leasehold forests, enrichment plantation to the area of previous year plantations and roadside plantation. Key species Photo 22: Planted seedling in rural roadside of planted during this period includes Amrisho Jagreni CF (Thysanolaena maxima), Bamboo (Bambusoideae.), Katahar (Artocarpus heterophyllus), Chanp (Michelia champaca), Tanki (Bauhinia variegata), Nimaro (Ficus nemoralis) Dalchini (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breyn.), Amala (Emblica officinalis), Tanki (Bauhinia variegata) Koiralo (Bauhinia variegata), Khamari (Gmelina arborea), Ashok (Saraca asoca), Bakaino (Melia azedarach), Champ (Michelia champaca) and Tejpat (Cinnamomum tamala). The survival rate of the broom grass plantation in Shiddha batasan CFUG, Jamune Bhanjyang VDC – 6, Tanahun district as a part of degraded land rehabilitation is observed as 85% till now. Fully control of open grazing is the main reason behind the satisfactory rate of surviability. More than 70% of total species planted in Jamune Bhanjyang VDC ward No. 5 in Dundanda Chipigaira leasehold forest and degraded land of Umachowk CFUG that covers 18.5 ha area in Tanahun district have survived till date. It is expected to reduce dependency on forests for fodder collection with this plantation along with reducing sediment loss from fragile steep areas. To increase species survivability rate, some measures have also taken in this reporting period. For instance, to protect the species planted in Jagreni CFUG, Gaun Sashar, Lamjung as roadside plantation, tree guard with locally available materials has also been placed.

Biological fencing support for community plantation

About 500m wattle fencing with Sajiban (Jatropha curcas) as a bioengineering technique has done by Milijuli CLAC affiliated to Majhikhola CFUG, Khalte Gangate Sub-watershed in Gorkha to protect 2.5 ha of plantation area. Key objective of Photo 23: Biological fencing in Majhikhola CFUG, Gorkha

this activity is to promote locally available species for biological fencing and protect newly planted species.

Issue based interaction at VDC level

Two events of issue based interaction at VDC level were accomplished in Udipur and Kusunde CF of Lamjung in this reporting period. Based on the priority of the need and demand from the community, program mainly focused on: support NRM groups on conservation activities, forest management, forest fire, implementation of community forest guideline, application of tending operations and good governance. Total 52 individuals including 26 women, 7 Dalit, 14 Janajati and 31 BCT were there in the workshops.

Promotion of Improved Cooking Stoves:

A total of 496 ICS support has been provided in this reporting period under this component to reduce dependency on forests nearby for fuelwood consumption. Benefited households comprised of 44% Janajati and 14% dalit. Improved health condition of women has experienced as a key benefit of ICS support. As per our monitoring experience, the use of ICS has reduced 70% of fuelwood consumption in average.

Awareness Activity (Hoarding board, Sensitization via media, awareness campaign) Two interaction workshops conducted to CFUGs members in Lamjung. Altogether, 44 participants including 32 women, 1 Dalit, 18 JJ and 25 BCT participated in the workshops. CFUGs fund mobilization to climate change adaptation and mitigation related activities, provisioning emergency fund at VDC level and co-ordination with local government for collaborative efforts for climate change adaptation and mitigation were the major discussions carried out during the workshop.

Laligurans CLAC, Koilapani, Kawasoti Municipality: In the beginning NRs. 900 was a huge investment for an ICS for the community. But, later, they realized the benefits of ICSs and felt that its initial cost is very cheap. Now they cite "ICS not only reduces fuel wood consumption but also cooks fast." In addition, it channels smoke out of the kitchen and holds two pots. We used to be vexed thinking about all the smoke in kitchen but ICS has transformed life in kitchen. If properly maintained, an ICS causes no problems at all.”

2.4 Payment for carbon credit including ecosystem services tested and expanded Piloting of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) initiatives have been started in Mid- Marsyangdi sub-watershed since 2012. The PES is a market-based mechanism in which the transaction of a well-defined Ecosystem Service (ES) takes place voluntarily between at least one buyer (service user) and one seller (service provider), as long as the service provider ensures continuous provisioning of the ES (Wunder, 2005). This project helped to assess important ecosystem services in the area applying various tools and processes. Water supply for hydropower generation was identified as a major ecosystem service, and payment for sediment Figure 13: VDCs that lie in piloting site of PES in Lamjung retention (PSR) is being developed as major approach for enhanced hydropower generation. Through a major stakeholder consultation, the 2 project identified 16 Village Development Committees (VDCs) and two municipalities (lying partially in the catchment area) for piloting PSR. As the ecosystem service identified in this case is sediment retention for hydropower generation, the project has named as payment for sediment retention (PSR). Hydropower projects are supposed to be a buyer or service receiver in this project whose prime role is to provide technical supervision for sediment retention activities at upstream areas and facilitate for partial use of revenue generated from electricity generation to the district in sediment retention activities.

The project aims to tackle the issue of sedimentation by having the hydropower projects (e.g. MMHP) and other stakeholders pay for sediment retention activities in upstream areas. Following capacity building activities with upstream and downstream stakeholders, they are very interested to

64 pilot this scheme. The capacity building activities are being implemented in partnership with Rural Community Development Center (RCDC), a district based NGO. In addition, Hariyo Ban Program has also supported on the preparation of an Implementation and Monitoring Plan for PSR.

This plan has been divided into two phases: a) preparatory phase and b) implementation phase. Institutional setup at the seller and buyer side based on relevant manuals and guidelines, common understanding among the central level stakeholders comprising Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA – is the apex body and decision maker of MMHP) and other key stakeholders (e.g. Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development etc.), concrete set of data to generate evidence-based payment mechanism, establishment of demo-plots for experimenting and documenting which activities contributes to what level of sedimentation and how land use practice contribute towards sedimentation are the key activities recommended at the preparatory phase. Based on the data generated from this demo-plot, actual pricing and basis for negotiation between buyers and sellers will be negotiated. Such demo-plot activities will be carried out throughout the piloting period.

Support to implement sediment retention activities in Mid Marsyangdi Sub watershed Sediment retention activities have started in Khahare khola, Besishahar Municipality as a demonstration site. Approximately Rs. 3000,000 has been allocated and activities have been continuing in collaboration of DSCO, Hariyo Ban Program and community support to apply bioengineering techniques (e.g. gabion checkdam and plantations as a sediment trap) in the demonstration site. Sediment measuring scale has also been placed at 7 different sections of the demo demonstration nstration site that can support to collect information related to sediment trap in the site. Training on multi-cropping was also provided in the site to insist participants on multi- cropping on their farm land to reduce sediment loss. National workshop on PSR project

BEFORE AFTER

Picture 18: i) Before constructing sediment trap in PES demonstration side ii) After constructing the gabion check dam as sediment trap in the demonstration site To disseminate and further collaborate for PES initiatives in Mid-marsyangdi sub-watershed, Hariyo Ban Program organized the Nation level PES sharing workshop with focus on PES initia in the site. Training on multi-cropping was also provided in the site to insist participants on multi- cropping on their farm land to reduce sediment loss tives in Lamjung. The specific objectives of one day workshop were:

• To share ongoing progresses on PES Piloting in Hariyo Ban Program • To share National PES (Draft) Policy • To share NEA initiatives, provisions and key issues in environment protection • To discuss on next steps for PES initiatives focusing in Lamjung

Photo 24: Demonstration to use A frame to do Figure 14: Map showing demonstration site for sediment contour farming in multi-cropping training at demo retention activities as a part of PES initiatives in Lamjung site

Total 36 participants including 4 women, 28 BCT, 4 JJs and 2 Madhesis were present in the workshop. There were 11 representatives from different lines agencies and 22 participants from different I/NGOs. The workshop remained successful in order to bring national level key stakeholders in a common forum and discuss on various aspects of PES – PES (draft) policy, pilot initiatives, its technical and managerial aspects including pertinent issues to be considered. As PES is a new approach, increasing understanding of PES is still important aspect in Nepal. Further discussion is essential at national level between Nepal Electricity Authority and other key stakeholders in order to create the conducive and enabling working environment.

Support for formulation of enabling policies, guideline and advocacy for PES Mechanism

Different studies, capacity building events, communication materials production, demonstration activities and implementation plan preparation are the major initiatives carried out in partnership as a part of readiness phase for PES piloting in the area.

Altogether 58 events varied from community to district to national level with participation of 818 people including 276 women, 253 Janajati, 69 Dalit, and 5 Madhesi were conducted to build capacity to understand, support and implement PES initiatives in Lamjung. In total, 177 government officials and 596 community people participated in different PES related events in this reporting period. Photo 25: Local Development Officer (LDO) facilitating the DTMC meeting for PES in Lamjung

Issues/Challenges/Opportunities:

. Support to REDD+ implementation at sub-national level is very tied to its policy making. Initially, we aimed to support for the necessary capacity building and readiness at local level in consistence to the strategy however the strategy making process as well as the initial assessments at landscape level took significant time than our expectation. Thus, balancing our readiness activities to the central level policy making work became challenging during the period of Hariyo Ban Program. . As the concept of sustainable landscape management is a long term vision, the program implementation period became very short to show measurable impacts into this concept. . As we have the REDD+ strategy and approved ERPD at TAL, this is the right time to begin all our interventions on REDD+ in comparison to the five years back. . Support to community based measures to address drivers of deforestation and forest degradation implemented in scattered way that may not be fully sufficient to address the site specific drivers. Rather, we could select some specific sites to implement those activities in full package.

. The PES piloting initiatives are fully on track and possibility to be an innovative model at inter/national level. Our support to the initiative should be extended a bit further to fulfill the intervention.

Key achievements on PES initiatives in Lamjung till date:

. Payment for sediment retention implementation unit (PSRIU) formed in 5 clusters for dealing and coordinating PES related matters at VDC level. Further, the units have been trained to develop proposals on sediment retention activities. . Sediment retention service provider's network formed at district level . District Technical and Management Committee (DTMC) formed under the leadership of the District Development Committee (DDC) to provide overall direction and technical advice to communities and district level agencies. . Exposure visits conducted to media person, ecosystem service provider's network and district stakeholders to hydropower project site and other conservation site to help them to understand the issues of sedimentation and its impact to hydropower projects. . PES orientation programs conducted at VDC level with the regular budget of VDC (approximately Rs 773000) . The DDC council decided to allocate at least 3% of total budget of the projects related to infrastructure development and road construction in environment mitigation and management plan in FY 2072/73 . DDC council allocated approximately Rs 30, 00000 for the implementation of climate change; environment and PES related projects in Lamjung. . DDC Lamjung recently agreed to allocate 5% of the total revenue received from hydropower projects to the upstream communities for environment protection. . National level PES workshop along with other co-ordination meetings with NEA at central level helped to build common understanding on PES initiatives in Lamjung. . A demonstration site for sediment retention activities established in Khahare Khola, Besishahar Municipality. The site is expected to generate data on sediment retention that helps for actual pricing and provides basis for negotiation between buyers and sellers.

Remaining Steps:

. Developing network of hydropower projects in Mid-Marsyangdi watershed as a buyer or service receivers of sediment retention . Support to develop other demonstration site for sediment retention activities . MoU between service receivers network (hydropower projects for now) and service providers network at district level in witness of DTMC . Initial support to PES basket fund . Additional capacity building activities for continuing sediment retention activities and PES initiatives in overall

2.3 IR-3: CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION The Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) component is an integral part of Hariyo Ban Program which aims to reduce vulnerability to climate change and promote climate adaptation, taking integrated approach that incorporates both ecosystem and rights based approaches. During this reporting period, the major accomplishment are completion of CCA-DRR networking workshops at cluster level in CHAL, capacity building training to NCDMC to support strengthening of CCA-DRR network, District and VDC level workshops on ‘Support for strengthening of CCA-DRR Network’,

CCA and DRR Mainstreaming workshops, finalization and printing of 82 LAPAs (including that of NTNC and FECOFUN), summing up adaptation planning intervention of Hariyo Ban Program through a national LAPA sharing workshop and LAPA handover to the respective VDCs. Altogether, 53259 people including 27426 women (48.5%), 5472 (10.3%) participated/benefited by one or the other interventions under this component in year five.

The major outcomes of CARE Nepal under IR 3 in 5 year span of Hariyo Ban Program are:  Capacity building of 3,640 people from GoN agencies, communities, I/NGOs and others in CCA.

 236 CAPAs prepared and implemented. CAPA preparation covered 38,896 HHs (23846 HH Vulnerable) 2.3.1and Sub implementation-IR 3.1: Government benefited 40,935 and HHs civil (including society 27, 840 understanding vulnerable HHs). of vulnerabilities to climate 48 LAPAs change prepared and (including adaptation Ghoral options Area LAPA) increased and 20. implemented. Preparation of 48 LAPAs so far have covered 1, 10,659 HHs (88,053 HH vulnerable) and implementation of 20 LAPAs have benefitted During10, 829 the HHslast includingfour years, 2282 the poor Hariyo HHs. Ban Program conducted and provided support to stakeholders at variousReviewed, levels finalized to conduct and printing different of 35 capacity LAPAs prepared building by activitiesNTCN (32) such and FECOFUNas trainings (3). & workshops, mass Carried campaigns, out assessment publications on “Health etc. so Checkup as to disseminate of Adaptation knowledge Plans”. Project about level climate assessment change, of its differential impacts on differentimpacts of sectors climate and change, mechanisms 2 local level for workshopsresponding on to the climate same. change (adaptation and mitigation).  A total of 22 CCA and DRR networking and capacity building events (both training and workshops) In thisorganised. reporting period, focus was given to capacity building programs that develop a better understanding One national of workshop CCA, DRR, on ‘Mainstreaming integration and Adaptation mainstreaming and Learning’ (of CCA and and one DRR) high ,level networking policy visit and by advocacysecretary and of document/disseminateMoSTE. climate change and disaster related issues and climate smart adaptation 261 events practices of CCA and at DRR various mainstreaming levels. The workshops capacity where building 10,269 supportingpeople participated activities (including (trainings, 3,568 workshopsfemale and and 1,035 dialogue) GoN staffs). will contribute to integrating CCA and DRR in adaptation planning at the district CAPA and Preparation communit Guideliney levels. (in Nepali), Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Planning (VAAP manual prepared), 3 types of posters, 1 flipchart, 6 sets of stickers and 32 CAPA Briefs prepared and 2.3.1.1 Training on climate change adaptation planning, implementation and published. mainstreaming for DRR and CCA Coordination Committee  4 Posters on CCA (3 presented in CBA 10), 3 policy briefs and 3 draft study reports (CCA & DRR mainstreaming and adaptation plan health check up) prepared.

In this reporting period, key accomplishments are training on CCA, DRR issues to 573 perople (47 GoN, 313 female) 8 workshop and 2 training events conducted on CCA-DRR network strengthening, 1 events of capacity building training to NCDMC, 18 events of CCA-DRR-NRM- environment-GESI related issues interaction workshops, implementation of 31 CAPAs and 15 LAPAs, handover to respective VDCs, 23 events of capacity building/review reflection of PMERL committee, publication of 82 LAPAs (including 35 LAPAs of NTNC and FECOFUN), 2

69 consultation workshops for differential impact assessment, 101 CCA-DRR mainstreaming workshops at different levels, national level adaptation mainstreaming and sharing workshop and participation in CBA 10. Resource leveraging and integration of CCA and DRR has experienced as successful strategies applied for the sustainability of adaptation plans implementation. Further, networking of our adaptation committee to the National Network of Community Disaster Management Committee (NCDMC) at district level and formulation of new committee including people representing adaptation committee has also done in this year.

2.3.1 Sub-IR 3.1: Government and civil society understanding of vulnerabilities to climate change and adaptation options increased.

During the last four years, the Hariyo Ban Program conducted and provided support to stakeholders at various levels to conduct different capacity building activities such as trainings & workshops, mass campaigns, publications etc. so as to disseminate knowledge about climate change, its impacts on different sectors and mechanisms for responding to climate change (adaptation and mitigation).

In this reporting period, focus was given to capacity building programs that develop a better understanding of CCA, DRR and EFLG integration and mainstreaming (of CCA and DRR), networking and advocacy, documentation/dissemination of climate change and disaster related issues and climate smart adaptation practices at various levels. The capacity building supporting activities (trainings, workshops and dialogue) will contribute to integrating CCA and DRR in adaptation planning at the district and community levels.

2.3.1.1 Training on climate change adaptation planning, implementation and mainstreaming for DRR and CCA Coordination Committee

A two days district level training on CCA planning, implementation and mainstreaming was organized for DRR and CCA coordination committee & GoN stakeholders in Rautahat district.

There were altogether 68 participants (including 34 women, 22 Janajati, 15 GLAs) representing ‘Local Disaster Risk Management and CCA Coordination Committee’, area administrative office, DFO, DSCO, Chandrapur Municipality including other GoN and NOGs, community groups, different political parties, Nepal Police, FECOFUN and journalists. Output/Outcome: The participants were sensitized on Climate Change, its impacts, adaptation and mitigation, DRR, EFLG, integration and mainstreaming of CCA and DRR in local level planning process. The participants have committed to incorporate and give Photo 26: : Participant during CCA training at Rautahat district 70 highest priority to the activities of the ‘Integrated CCA-DRR Plan of Chandrapur Municipality’ and the EFLG Framework activities in local level planning process.

2.3.1.1 Interaction workshops on CCA-DRR-NRM-Environment-GESI related issues at district/local level

One of the prime objectives of CCA component of HBP is to build capacity and raise awareness of GoN agencies, stakeholders and community on CCA incorporating pertaining issues of DRR, GESI and environment. Total of 18 +2 events (one each in Syanja, Kaski, Tanahaun, Gorkha, Lamjung & Bara, 2 events in Chitwan, Banke, Bardiya, and Kanchanpur and 3 events each in Nawalparasi and Kailali). Altogether 3698 people including 2670 women, 1913 JJs, 329 Dalits, 17 Madhesis and 132 representatives from different GLAs participated in the events.These workshops were organized on the occasion of World Wetlands Day (on “Role of wetlands in Climate Change Adaptation and Livelihood), World Water Day (on Women and Climate Change), 2016 and International Women’s Day (On women and climate change).

District Forest Officers, other GoN officials and CARE Nepal staffs presented and shared about key issues on wetlands, women and its relevance and nexus Photo 27: Rally at Piple, Chitwan during with climate change adaptation which was followed by ‘International Women’s Day ‘celebration discussions.

Day Celebration (Wetland, Biodiversity, Women, and Environment): As a part of spreading awareness and building capacity of GoN agencies, community and relevant stakeholders in CCA, DDR, GESI, NRM and various environmental issues, CARE Nepal has been organizing various types of day celebration events. Such events are a very powerful and successful means for mass awareness. In this reporting period, 11 events of “Day Celebration” were accomplished. The detail is presented in the table below:

Table 8: Activities carried out on Day Celebration events (Wetland, Biodiversity, Women, and Environment) in year 5

World Wild Life, CBAPU Day - 2016 Awareness campaign on importance of wildlife to communities and the role of CBAPU for the protection and conservation of wild life and biodiversity at local level. 106th International Women Day:  Speech competition on and role and rights of women in the constitution of Nepal, 2073.  Speech competition on ‘Importance, possibilities, opportunities and challenges of women leadership at CFUG executive committee’.  Women of various CLACs organized rally and discussion on different issues faced by women in daily life.  Mrs. Bikun Kumari Mahato awarded Nrs. 1 Lakhs by CARE Nepal for being selected as ‘Women Change Agent’.

 Interaction on importance of ‘International Women’s Day’ and awarding the Change Agent of the district.  Inter CLAC folk songs competition on ‘Women and Forest’.  Rally with play cards, Deuda Song competition on the theme of women and climate change vulnerability. Awards to activist and health volunteers and change agents.  Member of Parliament joined the program as chief guest; Ms Durga Khuna in Kanchanpur and Ms Rabina Chudhary, in Kailali. International Biodiversity day  Rally, awareness campaign and plantation.  Interaction on importance of bamboos and canes, and installation of a hoarding board for awareness.

A total 18 events of interaction workshops and day celebrations were organised in this reporting period, where 3698 people participated out of which 132 were from GoN, and 2670 were women.

Mr. Chandra Man Dangol, DFO Lamjung facilitating the Media coverage of interaction workshops on ‘Wetlands session on wetland and its importance. and CCA’ organised in Kanneshwori CFUG, Banke.

Ms. Bimala Lama, Field Officer of Banke, addressing Mr. Bijay Raj Bagale, CCAS delivering presentation on interaction workshops on ‘Wetlands and CCA’ organised Climate Change, its impacts on women and adaptation. in Kanneshwori CFUG, Banke. Photo 28: Pictures and media clips of various day celebrations Outcome: The participants in these workshops shared that they now better understanding of the importance of wetlands and its role in CCA, about the impact and solution of climate change impact on women and children groups. Based on their improved understanding, the Kanneshwori CFUG requested and CARE Nepal supported for construction of one more conservation pond with fish farming training to 25 HHs and

IGA support for 5 poor HHs in the CFUG. By seeing the good outcomes of these activities, WWF Nepal TAL program also further supported for construction of waterholes in 3 Ha areas in Kanneshwori CFUG for wild animals. In Kanchanpur district, the Betkot Municipality prepared an action plan related to wetland conservation through several activities like awareness campaign, control of encroachment in wetlands, removal of invasive species, etc.

2. 3.1.2 CCA-DRR networking Workshop (CHAL) at cluster level. Since its inception, Hariyo Ban Program has been working to integrate CCA and DRR. The integration of CCA and DRR is essential for reducing climate and other vulnerabilities and enhancing resilience of communities and ecosystems. In this line, the program is working with National Network of Community Disaster Management Committee (NCDMC), a community led network organized to establish the right of Photo 29: CCA-DRR networking workshop of Kaski Cluster in Pokhara, disaster affected people and to build Kaski risk resilient communities. In this reporting period, HBP, CARE Nepal worked with NCDMC to form networks in five districts of CHAL: Kaski, Syanja, Tanahaun, Gorkha and Lamjung, where the NCDMC did not have its network earlier. The whole idea of forming an inclusive network of DRR and CCA communities was to bring the adaptation and disaster communities together under one umbrella, such that they can jointly advocate for and work on pertinent adaptation and disaster issues from their community to national level. Two cluster level workshops on “Networking of DRR and CCA Coordination Committee and CAPA Management Committee with NCDMC” were held in Gorkha and Kaski in participation of representatives of both CCA and DRR coordination committees. Altogether, 83 people including 23 women, 17 JJs and 6 dalits participated in the workshops. During the workshops, the participants were sensitized on CCA, DRR, the need and importance of integrating CCA and DRR. Among various options of networking, the participant themselves chose to include CCA and DRR communities under the NCDMC network and work together in the coming days. Outcome of the workshops: Five district level ad-hoc committees (under NCDMC) were formed (one each in Kaski, Syanja, Tanahaun, Gorkha and Lamjung) which comprised of both CCA and DRR communities.

An action plan was made to hold meetings in each of the five districts in order to: . Inform local to district level concerned stakeholders, communities about the formation of the district level NCDMC committee. . Make the stakeholders aware on the need and importance of networking and to strengthen this committee and build coordination of NCDMC with stakeholders.  By now, NCDMC has directly nominated and included six (6) representatives from adaptation communities of HBP working areas (i.e., one from each cluster of CARE Nepal) in the central level executive committee of NCDMC.

Capacity Building Training for National Network of Community Disaster Management Committee (NCDMC) In its 4th year, HBP CARE Nepal initiated the formation of an integrated (CCA and DRR) community network under the NCDMC for advocacy and working on CCA and DRR issues. To build capacity of the NCDMC on CCA and DRR, needs of integration of CCA and DRR, advocacy strategies and methods, policy frameworks in Nepal on CCA and DRR and other relevant issues, CARE Nepal organised a three days national level training in Pokhara. There were altogether 28 participants (18 BCT, 6 Janajati, 4 Madhesi including 19 male and 9 women) from NCDMC, National forum for Advocacy Nepal (NAFAN) and adaptation committees. In the closing session, HBP consortium partners and other partners’ representatives (WWF, FECOFUN, NTNC/ACAP/MCAP and ICCA) also expressed the relevancy of the training, importance of preparation of advocacy plans and integrating CCA and DRR issues as both the themes should be considered in an integrated way. Photo 30: National level ‘Capacity Building Training for NCDMC They also committed to render support in the coming days for effective implementation of the prepared advocacy plans. Outcomes of the training: i) Participants reviewed the existing advocacy strategy and plans of the NCDMC and identified areas for improvements. ii) They further enlisted and prioritized problems, issues and identified 15 different issues which for advocacy and immediate action is necessary. iii) Participants committed to advocate for these issues in near future

iv) They further enlisted problems, issues and identified 15 different issues which for advocacy is necessary. Based on specific criteria, they prioritized the issues identified for immediate action. v) The participants have committed to advocate for the aforementioned issues in near future.

2.3.1.3 Training of integration of CCA, DRR, and EFLG to DLAs Two events of training (one each in Lamjung and Gorkha) of integration of CCA, DRR and EFLG to DLAs were accomplished in Gorkha (1) and Lamjung (1) in this reporting period. Altogether there were 66 participants who were from DDC, DFO, DLSO, Municipality, representatives of major political parties, FNCCI, Media personality and HBP consortium partners. GoN line agencies head (CDO, LDO, DFO, Energy and Environment officer) took deep interest and facilitated the related session along with CCA coordinator and specialist from CARE Nepal. Output/Outcome: The participants, especially the representatives of major political parties have realized and expressed their commitment for further sensitization on mainstreaming of CCA, DRR and environment friendly and sustainable development before ward level planning in all VDCs and Municipalities (not only in project area of specific project). They Photo 31: CDO of Gorkha inaugurating the Training of integration of CCA, DRR, and EFLG to DLAs shared that selection of environmental friendly activities should be carried out both from ‘top to bottom’ and ‘bottom to top’ approach. An action plan was prepared at the end of the workshop for study and research on impacts of climate change and disaster and to foucs on selectiong environmentally friuendly activites in local development plans.

2.3.1.5. Support for strengthening of CCA-DRR network. After six cluster level CCA and DRR networking workshops organised in 4th and 5th year, CARE Nepal, in this reporting period, carried out and completed 12 events of ‘Support for strengthening of CCA-DRR Network’ formed under the NCDMC.

During these workshops, the participants have prepared action plan for one year and are in the process of implementing them. As per the request of these new and fully functional networks, CARE Photo 32: Group work presentation in the district level workshop on Nepal is planning to support the district ‘Support for strengthening of CCA-DRR Network’ in Pokhara, Kaski. networks to organise a one day ‘Interaction Workshop with Stakeholders’. The schematic flow diagram of engagement and support of CARE Nepal to NCDMC is presented in Figure.

Table 9: Details of activities carried out for ‘Support for strengthening of CCA-DRR Network’.

SN Name of the event No of Venue Key Output/Outcomes events

1 Support for 4 1 each in  CCA & DRR communities inclusive ‘ad- strengthening of Kaski, hoc committee’ dissolved. CCA-DRR network Syanja,  A ‘fully functional district level CCA & Chitwan and DRR committee’ under the NCDMC Nawalparasi formed.  Discussion and formation of action plan of the newly and fully functional district level networks.

2 Support for 4 4 VDCs of  124 people sensitized on CCA-DRR in 4 strengthening of Bardiya VDCs. 82 were women and 42 were male. CCA-DRR network district  CARE supported Sign board, plastic chair (5), iron box (2), bucket & matt.  1 Jingle on forest fire prepared.

SN Name of the event No of Venue Key Output/Outcomes events

3 Support for 1 Banke  1 training provided on ‘Organizational strengthening of Capacity Development ‘to 14 district CCA-DRR network executive committee members.  Jingle on cold waves aired for 1 month  Furniture provided: Table-1, Flex board-1

4 Networking of 2 One each in  NCDMC committee shared about the CAPA activities Makwanpur works they are doing on DRR. and link with and Parsa  The district level existing NCDMC broader level: network was reformed and an ad-hoc UP/DS, LAPA, district level committee (inclusive of both LDRMP, NCDMC CCA and DRR communities) was formed. Network  Panning was done to continue DRR and (Backlogged) CCA related works in the district.

•Cluster Level Workshop on CCA DRR Integration (in all 6 clusters) 1

•Formation of CCA and DRR inclusive district level ad-hoc committees under the 2 NCDMC

•National Level Training on building capacity of NCDMC including adaptation 3 communities

•District level workshops, dissolution of ad-hoc committee and formation of a fully 4 functional district level committee

•Support for organizing district level ‘Interaction Workshop with Stakeholders’ to be 5 organised by NCDMC district committes

Figure 15: Schematic flow of engagement of CARE Nepal and NCDMC in Hariyo Ban Program.

Under the CCA component, in total 3,640 people (including 445 from GoN and 1900 women) were trained by CARE Nepal during the 5 year period of HBP. .

Percentage of people (men & women) trained in CCA in 5 years Hariyo Ban Program

40.00

30.00 20.52 Female 20.00 12.12 Male 7.39 8.60 10.00 18.13 3.57 11.62 4.18 6.73 7.14 0.00 1 2 (23.74 3 (14.12 4 (38.65 5 (15.74 (7.75 %) %) %) %) %)

Figure 16: Percentage of people trained in CCA in 5 yearsYear (Year wise) in Hariyo Ban Program, CARE Nepal.

2.3.2 Sub IR 3.2 Pilot demonstration actions for vulnerability reduction conducted and expanded.

Under this Sub IR, Hariyo Ban developed, tested, and integrated vulnerability assessments and adaptation planning using different approaches to assess climate vulnerability based on hazards and climate change impacts on forest and biodiversity, agriculture, food security, water and energy, public health, climate-induced disasters, and infrastructure in human and ecological communities. A total of 236 Community Adaptation Plans for Action (CAPA) and 47 (+1) Local Adaptation Plans for action (LAPA) have already been prepared. While most of the CAPAs were already in implementation, implementation of LAPA was prioritized only from the fourth year. Despite of various challenges, a total of 31 CAPAs and 16 LAPA (including 1 Ghoral Area LAPA) have been completed during this year. Going through the implementation, communities are happy to see the impact in awareness, maintaining sanitation, availability of drinking and irrigation water, income generation activities, prevention or management of forest fire, control of invasive species, disaster risk reduction and others. The program is in direction to complete implementation of all the adaptation plans prepared through CARE Nepal by the end of the program with leveraging resources through the mainstreaming of adaptation plans into regular development planning.

CARE Nepal reviewed, edited and finalized 35 LAPAs prepared by HBP consortium partners (NTCN -32 and FECOFUN-3). Similarly, it supported in the printing of hard copies of all these 35 LAPAs. This is one of the initiatives of coordination of CARE Nepal within the HBP consortium

78 partners for achieving the common goal of reducing threat to biodiversity and impacts of climate change in Nepal.

LAPA/CAPA Implementation Support Out of 236 CAPA and 48 LAPAs, implementation of a total of 31 CAPAs and 16 LAPAs (including 1 Ghoral Area LAPA) has been completed during this year. Thus, by this year, all the CAPAs (except two1) prepared through CARE Nepal–Hariyo Ban Program are under different stages of implementation. Implementation of 5 LAPAs, though earlier supported through ENPRED/MSFP, is planned to be supported through Hariyo Ban CARE Nepal through exchange gain. A summary of CAPA/LAPA implemented this year has been given presented in Table no 10 where major activities implemented in each theme through CAPA, LAPA and compiled information is presented.

Table 10: A Summary Table of CAPA/LAPA implementation YR5

Theme Major activities- Major activities-LAPA Compiled Information CAPA

Agriculture and  Drought resistant  IPM/Organic farming  Drought resistant crop promotion (1 food security crop promotion (1 training (5 events) event) event)  Irrigation canal  Rain water/Pond  Rain water/Pond maintenance (25m) construction/conservation (3 nos.) construction/cons  Pond maintenance and  Training on agriculture and food ervation (3 nos.) fishery (1 no) security (1event)  Training on  Home garden (10  Off season vegetable farming agriculture and HHs) training (2 event) food security  Animal health training  Tunnel farming support (60 nos.) (1event) (1 event)  Bio-fertilizer preparation training  Off season  Vegetable seed (1event) vegetable farming distribution (80HHs)  IGA training (2 event) training (2 event)  IGA support (10 HHs)  IPM/Organic farming training (5  Tunnel farming events) support (60 nos.)  Irrigation canal maintenance (25m)

 Bio-fertilizer  Pond maintenance and fishery (1 no) preparation  Home garden (10 HHs) training (1event)  Animal health training (1 event)  IGA training (2  Vegetable seed distribution (80HHs) event)  IGA support (10 HHs) Benefited HHs 246 1217 1463

% of tot. benefited 5.2% 25.8% 15.5

Forest and  Plantation (5 ha)  ICS/Metalic ICS (303  Plantation (24 ha) biodiversity  Forest fire line HHs)  Bamboo nursery (1 no.) maintenance and  Plantation (19ha)  Forest fire line maintenance and clearance (2 Km)  Bamboo nursery (1 clearance (2 Km) no.)  Wetland conservation (2 nos.)

1 Two CAPAs namely Himali CFUG, Ghermu (Lamjung) and Tallo Kharka Bhedikarka CFUG , Pumdibhumdi (Kaski) have not gone in implementation due to internal reasons of respective CFUGs. 79

Theme Major activities- Major activities-LAPA Compiled Information CAPA

 Wetland  Bio-fencing (350m)  Grass seed showing (8 ha) conservation (2  Bio-diversity and  Cleaning of invasive species (6 ha) nos.) forest fire  Orientation on forest fire prevention  Grass seed sensitization (2 and control (1 event) showing (8 ha) events)  ICS/Metalic ICS (303 HHs)  Cleaning of  Bio-fencing (350m) invasive species  Bio-diversity and forest fire

(6 ha) sensitization (2 events)  Orientation on forest fire prevention and control (1 event) Benefited HHs 2039 1538 3577

% of tot. benefited 43.5% 32.7% 38.0%

Water resource  Water source  Water resource  Water source and Energy protection/conser protection (2 nos) protection/conservation vation  Pond conservation /maintenance of well (10 nos.) /maintenance of and maintenance (1  Support for water tank well (8 nos.) no.) construction/maintenance/purchase  Support for water  Irrigation pond (1 no.) for drinking water supply (10 nos.) tank  Support in pipeline or its construction/main maintenance for drinking water tenance/purchase (2875 m) for drinking water  Pond conservation and maintenance supply (10 nos.) (1 no.)  Support in  Irrigation pond (1 no.) pipeline or its maintenance for drinking water (2875 m) Benefited HHs 1081 452 1533

% of tot. benefited 23% 9.6% 16.3%

Climate induced  Bio-engineering  Embankment  Bio-engineering disaster  Gabion construction (126m)  Gabion embankment, embankment,  Bio-engineering check  Construction of check dam  Construction of dam (9 nos.)  Embankment construction (126m) check dam  Wind wall  Bio-engineering check dam (9 nos.) construction (1 no.)  Wind wall construction (1 no.)  Construction of  Construction of culvert (1 no.) culvert (1 no.) Benefited HHs 931 828 1759

% of tot. benefited 19.8% 17.6% 18.7%

Public health  Support in toilet  Mosquito net  Support in toilet construction (for construction (for distribution (70 HHs) chepang community) chepang  Mosquito net distribution (70 HHs) community) Benefited HHs 5 70 75

Theme Major activities- Major activities-LAPA Compiled Information CAPA

% of tot. benefited 0.1% 1.5% 0.8%

Infrastructure  Foot trail  Wooden bridge  Foot trail improvement (2 nos.) improvement (2 maintenance (50m)  Wooden bridge maintenance (50m) nos.) Benefited HHs 106 60 266

% of tot. benefited 2.3% 3.4% 2.8%

Awareness  Hoarding board  Hoarding board (1  Hoarding board (2) generation  Sensitization site)  CCA-DRR awareness workshop (4 workshop etc  CCA-DRR awareness events) workshop (4 events)  Sensitization workshop etc Benefited HHs 297 444 741

% of tot. benefited 6.3% 9.6% 7.9%

Total 4705 HHs Total 4709 HHs Total 9414 HHs (55.7% of total (16.9% of total (26.9% of total vulnerable HHs) vulnerable HHs) vulnerable HHs)

Table 11: Analysis of CAPA/LAPA beneficiaries

Description Total HHs BCT Dalit Janjati Madhesi Others HHs covered by Plans CAPA HHs 8450 3249 751 4445 2 10 LAPA HHs 21487 6068 1458 7067 6329 565 Total 29937 9317 2209 11512 6331 575 % 31.1 7.4 38.5 21.1 1.9 HHs covered by benefits/Beneficiaries HHs CAPA beneficiaries 4705 2098 621 1982 4 0 LAPA beneficiaries HHs 4709 702 375 3456 167 9 Total 9414 2800 996 5438 171 9 % 31.4 29.7 10.6 57.8 1.8 0.1

Together CAPA and LAPA has benefitted a total of 9414 which is 31.4% of the total households (55.7% of total vulnerable HHs) covered by CAPA/LAPA during the fifth year. Beneficiaries

81 include 57.8% Janjati, 29.7% BCT, 10.6% Dalits, 1.8% Madhesi and rest others. Comparison of these figures with % combination of total households covered by CAPA and LAPA clearly shows that implementation of these adaptation plans have prioritized Dalits and Janjatis communities though the proportion of Madhesi is low. Similarly, among the combined beneficiaries poor and youth constitute only 29.8% and 2.5% respectively. By location, over half (52.3%) of the CAPA beneficiaries are from Barandabhar corridor whereas western TAL districts have no programs for CAPA implementation during the year (covered in previous years). In LAPA, Barandabhar (42.3%) and Parsa Bagmati (32.7%) constitute three fourth of all the benefited households. In LAPA, most of the beneficiaries are from forest and biodiversity (32.7%) followed by agriculture and food security (25.8%), climate induced disaster (17.6%), water resource and energy (9.6%), awareness generation (9.4%), infrastructure (3.4%) and public health (1.5%). Similarly in CAPA, most of the beneficiaries are from forest and biodiversity (43.5%) followed by water resource and energy (23%), climate induced disaster (19.8%), awareness generation (6.3%), agriculture and food security (5.2%), infrastructure (2.3%) and public health (0.1%). Though the reason is not clear, despite of most similarities, LAPA has prioritized agriculture and food security, water resource and energy, and awareness generation in second, fourth and fifth order but CAPA has kept them in fifth, second and fourth order respectively. Fifth Year Progress:

Table 12: Thematic wise CAPA/LAPA beneficiaries

CAPA beneficiary LAPA Beneficiary HHs Thematic Category Total % HHs (4705) (4709)

Agriculture and Food Security 246 1217 1463 15.5 Forest and Biodiversity 2039 1538 3577 38.0

Water Resource and Energy 1081 452 1533 16.3

Climate Induced disaster 931 828 1759 18.7

Public Health 5 70 75 0.8

Urban Settlement and Infrastructure 106 160 266 2.8

Awareness Generation 297 444 741 7.9 Total 4705 4709 9414 100.0

The message from table is illustrated through following bar diagram and pie-chart

CAPA/LAPA Beneficiaries HHs: Themewise (FY5)

5000

4500 Awareness Generation 4000 Infrastructure 3500 3000 Public health Climate induced disaster 2500 2000 Water resource and Energy 1500 Forest and biodiversity 1000 Agriculture and Food Security 500 0 CAPA beneficiary HHs LAPA Beneficiary HHs (4705) (4709)

Figure 17: CAPA/LAPA Beneficiaries HHs: Theme wise (FY5)

HHs (9414) benefited from implementation of adaptation plans -themewise Forest and biodiversity 38% Agriculture and Food Security 15% Awareness Water resource Generation and Energy 8% 16% Infrastructure Climate induced 3% Public health disaster 1% 19%

Figure 18: HHs (9414) benefited from implementation of adaptation plans -theme wise

The following bar diagram and pie-chart illustrates this information.

HHs benefited from implementation of Adaptation Plans (YR-5)

BCT Dalit Janjati Madhesi Others

0 9 4 31 CAPAs 167 16 LAPAs Benefited: 1982 Benefited: 4705 HHs 4709 HHs 3456 621

2098 375 702

CAPA beneficiaries LAPA beneficiaries HHs

Figure 19: HHs benefited from implementation of Adaptation Plans (YR-5)

HHs Benefited from Adaptation Plans Implementation (YR-5) (n=9414) Madhesi 2% Janjati 58% Others 0%

Dalit BCT 10% 30%

Figure 20: HHs Benefited from Adaptation Plans Implementation (YR-5) (n=9414)

Some Evidences/Outcomes:

Photo 33: Glimpses of IPM training in Kamdi

Trend of CAPA/LAPA Preparation & Implementation

Total CAPA: 236; Prepared Implemented Total LAPA: 48; Implemented :245 Implemented :30 (234 only) Beneficiaries: 10905 130 128 Beneficiaries: 20476 HHs HHs 9486

26 31 16 13 16 2 0 0 0 4 3 0 1 10 0 3

CAPA LAPA CAPA LAPA CAPA LAPA CAPA LAPA CAPA LAPA YR -1 YR - 2 YR - 3 YR - 4 YR - 5

Figure 21: Cumulative Status & Trend Analysis:

As per the above diagram, a total of 284 adaptation plans (236 CAPA and 48 LAPA) have been prepared of which 234 CAPA (245 events: 20476 HHs) and 30 LAPAs (10905 HHs) have already been supported benefitting a total of 31381 househods to date. Similarly, the following bar diagram shows disaggregated information of total households benefited from CAPA and LAPAs. Accordingly, a total of

HHs benefited from CAPA/LAPA implementation (CAPA: 37324; LAPA: 10905)

BCT HHs Dalit HHs Janjati HHs Madhesi HHs Other HHs

20151

10303 6442 7246 2667 95 333 807 171 14

Total CAPA Benefited HHs Total LAPA Benefited HHs

Figure 22: HHs benefited from CAPA/LAPA implementation (CAPA: 37324; LAPA: 10905)

Disaggregated information of CAPA/LAPA beneficiaries HHs (Total : 48,229)

Dalit HHs 15% BCT HHs 27%

Janjati HHs 57% Other HHs 1% Madhesi HHs 0%

Figure 23: Disaggregated information of CAPA/LAPA beneficiaries HHs (Total : 48,229) Out of 48,229 HHs benefited from CAPA/LAPA implementation, Janjati 57% (27,397 HHs) constitutes the highest followed by BCT 27% (12,970), Dalit 15%(7249 HHs), Madhesi 0% (266 HHs) and Others 1% (347 HHs) .

Similarly, the following bar diagram shows the trend of resource/budget allocation in CAPA/LAPA implementation through various sources in different years.

16,000,000 Project 14,000,000 12,000,000 10,000,000 VDC/Municipality 8,000,000 6,000,000 Community 4,000,000 2,000,000 Govt Line Agencies 0 YR 2 YR 3 YR 4 YR 5

Figure 24: Trend of Budget Allocation in CAPA/LAPA Implementation

Further, the following pie-chart repreents cumulative sources of budget/resources received for CAPA/LAPA implementation upto year 5. Accordingly, out of almost 62 million NRs mobilized for CAPA/LAPA implementation, project, local government, community and government line agencies contributed 68%, 9%, 17% and 6% respectively.

Govt Line Agencies 6% Project 68% Community 17%

VDC/Municipali ty

9% Figure 25: Sources of Budget for CAPA/LAPA Implementation cumulative (Total NRs.61,991,560)

Outcome: Implementation of these LAPA, CAPAs have been effective to reduce vulnerability as well as enhancing adaptive capacity of the climate vulnerable households identified during vulnerability assessment and adaptation planning process. Some of the key achievements/outcomes include; Awareness: Communities have been aware due to involvement in various awareness generation or capacity building events including CLACs, training, workshops, and mass medias like hoarding board, radio programs etc. Reduced vulnerability and disaster risks: Due to construction of various bio-engineering measures and plantations, awareness generation and networking, involvement in income generation or skill development activities, communities are feeling more secured than earlier. Similarly, high hand pumps supported in flood prone areas (example Patabhara LAPA, Baridya) and drainage (example Layakpur CAPA, Kailali) will contribute for water, sanitation and health during emergency. Targeting the vulnerable: After vulnerability assessment during CAPA/LAPA, the committees are gradually targeting to climate vulnerable communities and sites for their regular program as well as in new program design. As for example, Siddathani CFUG, Dharampani, Tanahun, CFUG invested NRs. 100,000 for livelihood improvement of 10 poor household after preparation of CAPA. Better income- better adaptive capacity: Due to involvement in various income generation activities, increased production due to availability of irrigation facility, sensitization for adaptive cropping and varieties, communities have now enhanced their adaptive capacity. As a simple example, 40 meter irrigation canal maintenance supported in Bardiya is benefitting 340 HHs in Patabhar for regularizing irrigation which ultimately contributes in agriculture production and household incomes. Siddathani CFUG in Dharampani, Tanahun is also a good example where 52 households who used to cultivate no vegetables have now started producing and selling vegetables in the nearby market. This was made possible by the support of solar water lifting through Hariyo Ban Program-CARE Nepal. Forestry and conservation significance: Activities implemented under CAPA also have forestry and conservation significance. Adaptation activities also include plantation and conservation of forest. This year alone a total of around 24 hectares of plantation with local species like Bamboo, Bakaino, Lankuri, Chiuri, Ashok, Dhupi, Sal, Neem, broom grass has been done which supports not only in restoration of forestry but also protection against vulnerabilities due to flood and landslides. Similarly, in Bhimwali CAPA Padampur/Kalika Chitwan, approxmetly 4.5 Ha of CF area has been managed for grass land (sowing the Sudan and MakaiChari grass spp) promotion so as to improve habitat and feeding for Rhino and Spotted Deer. A part form this CFUG has coordinated with NTNC for solar pumping. They have installed one solar pump with (nearly about 5 lakhs cost from NTNC) 4 pannel and the capacity is 480 watts. It provided water for recharging ponds which HBP CARE has support at Yr 3 CAPA implementation. This is also an example of

88 integrated sites amongst Hariyo Ban consortium. Similarly, another example is one pond (0.6ha) maintenance at Gundrehi Dakaha BZCF area (Aghuli/ Kawaswoti Nawalparasi) is used for drinking water for wild animals and also for fishery. Not only this, a total of 150 HHs (147 JJs, 2 BCT, 1 dalit) are also getting benefit from fishery program. GESI significance: Adaptation activities have supported in GESI issues particularly related to woman. As for example; In Kalika CAPA, Kailali, it was found that workload of women reduced to collect drinking waters form Karnali river (they spend around 3.5 hours each day to collect drinking water if they collect three times a day), now they had sufficient pure drinking water nearby their home which also brought positive impacts on nutrition as they are also water for irrigation in their kitchen gardens. Besides these, involvement in CAPA/LAPA activities have also supported for getting exposure for women and marginalized section of the community. Technology promotion: Adaptation technology such as tunnel farming, drip irrigation, ferro cement tank, rain water collection pond/tank etc has been promoted and community are gradually adapting these. Community access to DADO for training and/or technical support in such technology and practices. A total of 54 households in Bancharedanda CFUG Chhang # 8, Tanahun, Jumdanda Jhapri CFUG, Bandipur, Tanahun and Lekaiswara CFUG, Dharampani, Tanahun have already started the tunnel farming under CAPA. Promotion of energy saving or alternative energy sources: 243 ICS installed in Binauna VDCs benefitting 1,425 populations reducing 2.18 bhari of fuel wood per HHs. Supportive for alternative energy VDC declaration. Similalry, the 7 mtr. of irrigation cannel improved at Damar goan of Hupsekot, Nawalparasi also supports for Micro hydropower for the use of electricity in addition to providing irrigation facility for 20 Ropani (0.67 ha) land. Improved infrastructure and safety: One 50 meter wooden bridge maintained in Thakurdwara VDC affected by flood is benefitting 160 HHs for daily movement as well as for safety escape during flooding. Similarly, improvement of irrigation canel and culvert in Piple of Chitwan, it is supported 8 Bighas of land for irrigation of 100 HHs as well as travelling of students and communities people. Land rehabilitation/protection: With riverbank or landslide protection measures, some lands have been protected. As for example, 5 gabion box filling at Belbhanjang of Pokhari communities' area (Dhaubadi, Nawalparasi) has not only make the travel easy but also protected 20 Ropani (0.6ha) of agriculture land of 31 Janajaties HHs Upstream-Downstream Cooperation: In Dhaubadi of Nawalparasi, two sites of Ramche landslide area, bio engineering technique specially dry stone wall constructed during this period with the support of LAPA activities. During the monsoon period there is plan for plantation of different forest plant species for the landslide control. This is the head (upstream) of Kerungkhola sub water shed area also. After this completion of this work directly 38 Janajaties HHs were benifited of

Ramche village and protected 10 Ropani of agriculture land and other forest area. Indirectly it also helps downstream communities also. Emergency Relief: In order to support relief and further response after devastating earthquake, the program reviewed the already prepared LAPA and supported for metal ICS in 55 temporary households of victims in Simjung of Gorkha district. These stoves can also use in their new houses in future.

Health and Sanitation: In Bramhasthani CAPA Piple/Rapti, Chitwan, 5 Poor HHs (5 JJT ) have got ring, cement and toilet pan support for the construction of permanent toilet. Activities like this will support health and sanitation of the vulnerable communities. Coordination with GoN Agencies: In Kamdi VDC, Banke 2 events of IMP package training were conducted where District Agriculture Development Office (DADO) provided technical support and 50% of the total cost for two events. Similarly, one event training off seasonal organic vegetable farming was conducted in the support of DADO benefiting a total of 23 farmers (17 women 22JJT, 1 Dalits) participants directly involved in the training. Similarly, DSCO has supported 57 gabion boxes in Hadikhola VDC of Makwanpur district. Similarly, one day Livestock management training completed at Deurali -8 Baseni was facilitated by DLSO Nawalparasi. Total 30 participants received this training among them 20 are women, 29 Janajaties and 1 Dalit. Linkage with Agriculture University: One day orientation provided on climate change impact and drought crops cultivation. The orientation provided by Rampur Agriculture Campus lecturers Mr Pankaj Goshi and Santosh Marathha. Alltogether 71 (48 BCT, 7 dalit, 16 JJs) persons have get orientation on climate change and drought resilience species of agriculture. Resource Leveraging: CAPA communities have established linkages with different institutions for the leverages of fund for CAPA implementation.  CAPA community able to leaveraged the resources from different organizations. In Siddathani CFUG, Dharampani, Tanahun, we had supported NRs. 800,000 for kotle drinking water supply through lifting from solar and community requested to AEPC, VDC, CFUG, DWSO and leveraged the more than NRs. 1,400,000. Likewise, in Mahila Makhuwa CFUG, Manapang, 1, Tanahun, leveraged the resources of NRs. 600,000 for drinking water supply, in which we had supported only NRs. 100,000. Another one is in Chhapdanda Pokharibhanjyang CFUG, Tanahun started the big drinking water supply program (about 4,000,000) due to our small support. They leveraged fund from DWSO, DDC, VDC, Electricity office etc.  For the implementation of CAPAs of Laliguras CFUG group has coordinate with Kawaswoti Municipality and get Rs 50,000.00 for the off seasonal vegetable training and seed support.  Similarly executive committee of Laliguras also coordinated with DSCO Nawalparasi and get Rs 2,61,000.00 for embankment construction at Kerungakhola.

 CARE Nepal has supported only Rs 20,000.00 for ornamental plantation to promote tourism in Krishna Nagar Park at Ayodhyapuri /Madi (Chitwan). Park management committee coordinated with UNDP and leveraged total Rs 2,17,000.00. They have planted 6928 seedlings of Ecaplytus, Epil Epil, Harro, Barro, Amala, Siris, Mangoo, Kalkiful, Lichhi etc.  A deep boaring is constructed with the support of Simaldhap Church (Korean support) and 4 Hill tank (1000 L capacity) purchased for the water collection and supply at Simaldhap area (Ranikhola CAPA Dahakhini Chitwan) with school. Church has supported Rs 4 lakhs for deep boaring and CFUG has expenses cash Rs 60,000.00 for pipe purchasing for water distribution and HBP support Rs 60,000.00.

Governance strengthening: The involvement in CAPA activities has also supported in improving governance of CFUGs. Jumdanda Jhapri CFUG (Kaski cluster) is an example where CFUG started conducting PHPA annually after preparation and implementation of CAPA activities.

BEFORE AFTER

Photo: Water source protection before/after photographs of Amlekhgunj-7

Photo: Before/after photographs of Conservation pond construction at Chandrapur

Photo: River embankment Syangdi Khola Dahakhani LAPA Photo: Ferro cement drinking water collection tank under implementation (left) and Irrigation canal and culvert under LAPA implementation at Baunnelek CFUG of Kristinachne construction LAPA site Padampur/ Kalika (right) Chaur VDC

Photo 34: Photo point monitoring of LAPA, CAPA Implementation

2.3.3 Sub IR 3.3 Participatory and Simplified systems for vulnerability monitoring established Community-level adaptation plans (CAPAs) and VDC-level adaptation plans (LAPAs) that are prepared and implemented by communities need regular monitoring in a participatory way to keep track of changing climate conditions and hazards. All the adaptation plans prepared under Hariyo Ban provisioned a monitoring committee consisting of community members based on the LAPA framework and practices. The monitoring committees are expected to work to identify the effectiveness of interventions, and monitor whether the selected interventions are still the most appropriate in the context of climate change and thus the communities use the monitoring results for adaptive management to build their capacity to adapt to climate change.

Hariyo Ban Program has been regularly emphasizing participatory monitoring of vulnerability through community review and reflection exercises. All the adaptation plans prepared under Hariyo Ban provisioned a monitoring committee consisting of community members based on the LAPA framework and practices. Activities plan and progress during this period included;  A total of 4 events of capacity building training for PMERL committee conducted in Syangja district. Participants were oriented about how to run a participatory monitoring and evaluation process in the communities and partner organizations they support.  Similarly, a total of 13 events of community review reflection on PMERL and documentation were completed during this period. Box, files, minutes were supported to maintain proper documentation. Previously the PMERL committees were not functioning well but these support helped to review the status of CAPA implementation. They have started to keep record about CAPA status and they conducted monitoring and meeting frequently after this kind of support.  A total of 8 cluster level and 2 project level cluster level review and reflection workshops Photo 35: Review and Reflection Meeting at Makwanpur conducted during this period have been useful to systematically track the progress and planning. In addition, these events have been crucial for cross-learning and discussion on pertaining issues. Accordingly, progress on field implementation of the program was hindered by fuel crisis in all areas and the case was further worse in Terai due to long blockade and political strikes. These forum were also useful to share the program achievement and concerns with government agencies. Interaction opportunity with Regional Director of Forestry Mr Akhileshwor Lal Karna and DFO Makwanpur Mr Rajendra Neupane is an example where both RD and DFO responded on queries and suggestion from participants regarding forestry sector developments and issues both at policy and actions.  As implementation of most of the LAPAs in ongoing, joint monitoring and reflection of LAPA at VDC level has been accomplished only in Chitwan cluster where 3 out of 5 targets

have been met. Rest of the activities are planned to be completed soon as implementation of LAPAs are ongoing. The event accomplished in Gorkha as well.

Outcomes: There are a few cases where PMERL are working. In Makwanpur, Mashine Shanti BZCFUG has conducted 5 meeting including 1 joint monitoring. Similarly, Bhabisya, Manakamana and Bandevi CFUG of Makwanpur and Sanishaye CFUGs in Parsa have conducted 3 events by each of them as monitoring meeting/visit. Similarly, a few CAPA communities as like Khaireni Mahila & Laljipur CAPA in Bardiya and Ladiyaghat, Banjariya and Faram tole CAPA have documentation/minute of joint monitoring and review reflection. In Kaski cluster, CFUG discusses about CAPAs in their CFUG meeting in most of the CFUGs. In some CFUGs they have their monitoring committee and that monitoring committee monitored the implemented activities of CAPAs and executive committee play the role for leveraging the resources from different organizations. Some of the communities as like Bhakarjung CFUG, Dhikurpokhari VDC #5, Kaski, Chhapdanda Pokhari bhanjyang CFUG, Pokharibhajynag VDC, Tanahun, Mahila Makhuwa CFUG, Manapang VDC #1, Tanahun. Communities have also started to record and discuss on monitoring comments from outsiders. The reason behind passiveness of PMERL is often attributed to the existence of CFUG executive and monitoring committee (with almost similar membership as PMERL committee) in all CFUGs, who are more institutionalized for meeting and monitoring responsibilities. Nevertheless there capacity and documentation also requires a considerable level of improvements. Overall, the involvement in PMERL have been effective for realizing the importance of monitoring, review and reflection of adaptation and even other activities implemented in their respective areas. Accordingly, they are frequently monitoring their activities on the ground though these are often informal and without any documentation. This suggest preparation of simplified and integrated tools/process and constant back up so that communities practice and institutionalize it systematically in the future.

Vulnerability Shifting: A case of Farm Tole, Banke Regarding the reduction in vulnerability, a study was conducted in Farmtole of Banke where the program has made various intervention/support starting from CLAC to CAPA preparation and implementation, livelihoods supports, promotion of improved cook stove and bio-gas, high hand pump, leadership training and so on.

During the interaction, communities listed their overall achievements after involvement in Adaptation process as follows:  Pressure on forest has reduced due to the promotion of ICS and Bio-gas in the village. They have been successful to declare ‘Household Smoke free Model Village’.

 Vulnerability due to floods is reduced due to some embankment and the communities have build confidence and capacity to cope with the floods. They are aware that with extension of embankment/bio-engineering, vulnerability to floods can be reduced significantly.  Households identified as vulnerable in the CAPA and those who are victims of floods have got LIP support to raise their income and livelihoods.  With the active role of CLAC and few training events on women leaderships, gender roles are gradually shifting with support of male counterparts.  They feel more secured due to diversification in their cropping pattern and livelihood options including NTFP and vegetable farming.  Their access to CFUG, local government and line agencies have improved and they are getting support from external organizations too.  Similarly, they have been able to send representation at district level network as like NCDMC. Similarly, a participatory exercise was done to analyze the vulnerability shift using recall method considering both livelihoods assets as well as vulnerability condition of the particular households due to climate change and disasters. The following changes were found.

Before Now

14 12 12 11

8 6

2 1

V1- Least V2- Medium V3- Vulnerable V4- Most vulnerable Vulnerable Vulnerable

Figure 26: Shifting Vulnerabilities of HHs : Farm Tole, Banke

Table 13: Summary Analysis of vulnerability shift in Farm Tole, Banke Description Observed Change in HHs Change % Remarks with the total HHs with reduced  7 HHs from V4 to V3 39.4% All of these households are vulnerability  5 HHs from V3 to V2 beneficiaries of HBP and  1 HH from V2 to V1 the progress of at least 5 of them are directly linked to the program.

HHs with increased  1 HHs from V2 to V4 3% Migrated from the Vulnerability community due to flood damage Total HHs  33 HHs This study is being replicated to other sites to represent a reasonable numbers.

Success Stories on Adaptation

Putting women at the forefront of adaptation

Sukumbasi tole is the poor settlement in Hilekhola Community Forest Users Group (CFUG) in Rautahat district. It is located on the bank of Chaandi khola and was most affected during severe floods.

Tara Subedi, Chadani community learning and action center (CLAC) secretary and also secretary in CFUG says achieving security from the risk of flood has been a long-drawn battle for her community. The main hurdle, say women, is that the Sukumbasi Tole has been hard - hit by successive droughts during dry season and flooding / inundation during rainy season. They did plantation nearby river bank, but it could not survive due to regular flooding and inundation. Village was completely at risk. Tara says over the past days they had no idea how big the flood attack was going to be. Before the water rushed into the house they just Tara Subedi (right) standing in front of Sukumbasi Tole (behind scene is of the had enough time to grab personal Sukumbasi tole) documents, some medicines and a few things. They then stood in the water up to their knees not knowing where to go. Life was always in rush for Sukumbasi tole.

During 2013 women group started community learning and action center (CLAC) and discussed about climate change impacts and adaptation measures. They identified flood as the most vulnerable component to their community and prepared community adaptation plans for action which became much more than an adaptation plan for them. For remote communities like Sukumbasi Tole, Raising of the platforms as a dam for flood control without access and exposure to development facilities and outside world, it also represents an effective climate change solution that can spur

96 progress in protection of their survival land. Through engagement in CLACs, women are gradually developing their skills and knowledge regarding flood risk management, agriculture and livelihoods; often accessing to decision making forum as like Ward Citizen Forum and Local Adaptation Plans for Action Committee.

They divided flood preparedness measures into structural and nonstructural varieties. The former include embankments and related flood- protection walls, while the latter include measures such as zoning within floodplains, building shelters, raising the platforms, public- awareness campaigns and capacity-building for a range of preparedness. Raising of the platforms as a dam (about 120 m) has improved the plantation area (of species like Mango, and Masala). They have raised mud block as a dam along the river course and paved with composition of green grasses (locally called chapari-grass), mud and Imperata cylindrical Plantation survival in flood plain area at Sukumbasi Tole grass (siru) which they claimed as one of the best local technology for sustainable protection. It has controlled water inflow into the community and enhanced the survival rate of plants. Effective flood resilience is something that can be cost-effectively implemented at the local level. This can range from improving the resilience of buildings and creating local flood action groups to having effective flood warning and drainage systems. Until now, however, such innovative flood resilience technologies have not achieved significant penetration in Sukumbasi tole, they are uniting towards bringing a change at our own pace, says Tara Subedi. These days they are planning to extend embankment and develop flood plain restoration site. Though restoring a floodplain is not a quick process, it is obvious some benefits will be visible almost immediately.

Active participation of CLAC members and awareness among communities exposed to natural hazard is of crucial importance, and further action needs to be taken to strengthen this practice in such vulnerable areas.

Table 14: Summary information of implementation of LAPA – Corridor wise (During YR5)

HHs

24)

HHs

Corridor/Bottlen eck/PA Total Total Vulnerable HHs Resource Allocaiton Total Resource Project Allocation Resource Allocation VDC/Municipalit y Resource Allocation Community Resour Allocaiton Govt Line Benefited Total HH Benefitted (BCT) HH Benefitted (Dalit) HH Benefitted (Janajati) HH Benefited Madeshi Benefitted (Others) HH Youth (15 Poor Remarks Kamdi 3374 3374 1272000 1186000 0 26000 60000 360 88 18 251 2 1 0 198

Karnali 1895 1098 635000 635000 0 0 0 682 80 31 563 0 8 14 335 0

Parsa Bagmati 21487 8862 1181387 893985 179011 108391 0 1541 357 145 879 160 0 0 872

Baranadabhar 14078 14078 1973915 1805045 0 56870 112000 1993 161 173 1654 5 0 16 340 0

Daraudi 857 425 814238 574933 239305 0 0 133 16 8 109 0 0 0 21

Total 41691 27837 5876540 5094963 418316 191261 172000 4709 702 375 3456 167 9 30 1766 0

% 66.8 100 86.7 7.1 3.3 2.9 16.9 14.9 8.0 73.4 3.5 0.2 0.6 37.5

Table 15: Summary information of LAPA implementation – Theme wise (During YR5)

% of total Benefited HHs Total Youth Benefited Activity Category Qty beneficiaries (15- Poor HH Total HHs BCT Dalit Janjati Madhesi Others 24)

Agriculture and Food Security 132 1217 25.8 154 122 820 121 0 0 464 Forest and biodiversity 675 1538 32.7 105 146 1287 0 0 14 428 Water resource and Energy 4 452 9.6 102 28 313 9 0 0 357 Climate induced disaster 137 828 17.6 98 42 657 22 9 5 304 Public health 70 70 1.5 27 3 40 0 0 0 58 Infrastructure 1 160 3.4 44 4 112 0 0 9 73 Awareness Generation 5 444 9.4 172 30 227 15 0 2 82 Total 1024 4709 100 702 375 3456 167 9 30 1766 % 14.9 8.0 73.4 3.5 0.2 0.6 37.5

Table 16: Summary of CAPA implementation – Corridor wise (YR5)

HHs HHs HHs HHs HHs HHs

24)

HHS

Corridor/Bottlen eck/PA Total Vulnerable Total Total Resource Total Allocaiton Resource Allocation Project Resource Allocation VDC/Municipali Resource ty Allocation Community Resource Allocaiton Govt Line Benefited Total Benefited BCT Benefited Dalit Benefited Janajati Benefited Madeshi Benefited Others (15 Youth Poor Barandabhar 5958 5958 1113700 616700 0 497000 0 2462 1116 287 1055 4 0 52 238

Kaligandaki 571 299 1311600 830400 0 481200 0 430 211 84 135 0 0 102 160

Daraudi 242 50 225000 193000 0 32000 0 70 14 2 54 0 0 0 28

Marsyangdi 810 151 638702 433920 0 204782 0 887 506 189 192 0 0 0 295

Parsa Bagmati 452 382 299279 243532 0 55747 0 452 93 10 349 0 0 0 255

Seti 417 361 1277664 578664 0 699000 0 404 158 49 197 0 0 55 63

Total 8450 7201 4865945 2896216 0 1969729 0 4705 2098 621 1982 4 0 209 1039

% 85.2 59.5 0.0 40.5 0.0 44.6 13.2 42.1 0.1 0.0 4.4 22.1

Table 17: Summary of CAPA implementation YR 5- Theme wise

BCT Dalit

24)

Corridor/ Bottlenec k/PA Resource Allocaito n Total Resource Allocatio n Project Resource Allocatio Resource n Allocatio VDC/Mu n nicipality Resource Communi Allocaito ty Quantity n Line Govt Benefited HHs Benefited Total HHs Benefited HHs Benefited HHs Benefited Janajati HHs Benefited Madeshi HHs Youth Others (15 Poor Agriculture and food 1707 9349 7728 24 11 security 764 64 0 00 0 69 6 7 33 96 0 0 16 74

Forest and 2340 2340 20 11 26 65 biodiversity 00 00 0 0 0 24 39 15 5 5 4 0 50 94

Water resource and 2067 1053 1013 28 10 37 16 54 10 39 energy 432 800 0 632 0 93 81 9 2 0 0 0 7 7

Climate induced 7448 5615 1832 24 93 31 53 40 disaster 29 32 0 97 0 4 1 8 81 2 0 0 18 0

5800 5800 Public health 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 5 0 0 0 5

10 Infrastructure 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 32 0 74 0 0 18 0

Awareness 5392 5392 29 13 generation 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 7 80 80 0 0 0 69

4865 2896 1969 32 47 20 62 19 20 10 Total 945 216 0 729 0 41 05 98 1 82 4 0 9 39

3.2.5 Innovation/Technology transfer/technical support for implementation of adaptation initiatives like drip/sprinkler support, training and seed/sapling support for adaptation practices/innovations.

Under this activity, we carried out some CCA innovations (Drip Irrigation) through technology, services and product transfer in Tanahaun, Kaski and Makwanpur. The objective of this activity was to familiarize the vulnerable and local communities with innovative CCA technology, tools, equipments and products that will contribute in reducing their vulnerability to climate change. Orientation on Drip Irrigation and Distribution of Drip Kits was carried out to 85 poor and climate vulnerable HHs (30 HHs of Shanti Sal Ghari CFUG of Kaski district, 15 HHs of Jumdanda CFUG of Tanahaun district and 40 HHs of Mashine Shanti BZCFUG of Makwanpur) in May, 2016. The main activities carried out for/in this event were:  Selection of HHs through community consultation and group discussion.  Orientation to the community on Climate Change and its impacts, adaptation and mitigation, how climate change is causing and exacerbating drought in that region, linking drip as an effective way for adaptation to drought.  Field demonstration (by Drip Technician) on installing drip kit, preparing farmyard/cropland for drip irrigation, process of sowing vegetable seeds, maintenance of drip kits etc. Theoretical session on various aspects of drip irrigation.  Distribution of drip kits to the selected poor and Photo 36: Drip irrigation kit distribution to Chepang Community at Hadikhola

climate vulnerable VDC, Makwanpur HHs.

Similarly we also have formed an M&E sub-committee which will monitor the activities of ‘drip kit recipient HHs’ as well as the use status (no-use, misuse, good use etc) of the drip kits and report to field colleagues accordingly. These two communities, which are very much affected by drought and water shortage, have well appreciated this support to them and are highly enthusiastic and have committed to make the best use of the drip kits for vegetable farming.

IR 3.4 Creation, amendment and execution of adaptation policies and strategies supported

Under this Sub IR, the Hariyo Ban Program focuses on the dissemination of the GoN policy and documents (The Climate Change Policy, National Framework on LAPA, Environment Friendly Local Governance (EFLG) Framework) and reviewing other existing climate

100 adaptation-related policies to ensure that these policy documents are pro-poor, gender responsive, inclusive, and environmentally sensitive. The activities are also focused on facilitating on LAPA mainstreaming into local development planning processes and broader economic development planning at the district level. Hariyo Ban has also worked closely with MoPE, as well as other ministries, on adaptation to encourage mainstreaming of climate change into sectoral policies.

National workshop on Mainstreaming Adaptation and Learning

A one day national level sharing workshop on “Mainstreaming Adaptation Initiatives and Learning” was organised by Hariyo Ban Program, CARE Nepal on 11th October, 2015 in Lalitpur.

Photo 37: Participants of the national adaptation workshop and addressing by Dr. Krishna Chandra Paudel, Secretary of MoSTE The prime objective of the workshop was to provide feedback, share initiatives, interventions, achievements and learnings of Hariyo Ban Program in adaptation planning and implementation as well as to hand over LAPA to local government. Altogether 65 participants ( including 11 GoN representative, 41 I/NGO representatives and 13 others) comprising Secretary of MoSTE (now MoPE), Joint Secretary of MoSTE and MoFSC, Under Secretaries of MoFALD, representatives from Ministry of Agriculture Development (MoAD), National Planning Commission and other high level GoN officials, various professionals working in climate change adaption sector in GOs and I/NGOs, VDC secretaries, Hariyo Ban Program staffs, media participated in the program. Photo 38: News coverage of the national LAPA sharing workshop

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VDC secretaries of LAPA VDCs and other stakeholders of LAPA preparation shared that the LAPA preparation process were led by the VDCs, was participatory and was technically and financially supported by Hariyo Ban Program. They shared that they are committed to implement the LAPA activities. Dr. Krishna Chandra Poudel, the then secretary of MoSTE acknowledged community role in adaptation planning and implementation. As a token of this, Dr. Poudel, the chair of the workshop handed over one final copy of LAPA of Binauna VDC, Banke District to the VDC Secretary. In the closing of the event, Dr. Poudel stressed that common role but differentiated responsibility of GoN, I/NGOs agencies is essential to effectively implement adaptation plans and address the climate change issues. He reiterated that MoSTE is committed in coordinating among GoN agencies and relevant I/NGOs for harmonization of adaptation activities and initiatives. The event provided an opportunity of cross learning and coordination and proved to be very good multi-stakeholder platform for knowledge and experience sharing as well as enhancing networking and coordination amongst policy makers, adaptation practitioners, development partners and various stakeholders. Outcome/Resolution of the Workshop: i) The MoSTE will activate the Multi Stakeholder Climate Change Initiative Coordination Committee (MCCICC) and form a working task group as soon as possible for standardization of methodology, harmonization, and coordination. The task group will identify policy gaps, for mainstreaming adaptation and mitigation at various level and way forwards. ii) The MoSTE has taken a lead for harmonization of CCA and DRR plans.

LAPA Finalization: Hariyo Ban Program, CARE Nepal prepared a total of 48 LAPAs till this reporting period. In this reporting period, CARE Nepal reworked, reviewed, made grammar corrections, edited, finalized and printed hard copies of 47 LAPAs in a standard template (15 copies of each LAPA). Similarly, CARE Nepal also supported in review, finalization and printing of LAPAs prepard by two of its consotitum patners, NTNC (32 LAPAs) and FECOFUN (3 LAPAs). CARE Nepal is planning to organsie a formal LAPA Handover Program within June, 2016 where it will hand 82 LAPAs (inculding 47 prepard by CARE Nepal) to various ministries such as MoPE, MoFALD, MoFSC.

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Photo 39: LAPa coverpage (left) and handover media clips (right) LAPA Handover: Hard copies of these LAPAs have been handed to local government (concerned DDC, VDC, and Municipality) in various districts (formally or informally), such as Syanja, Tanahaun, Chitwan, Kailali etc. to inform the key stakeholders and get support for ownership, implementation and mainstreaming of the LAPAs. In the program LDOs, other GoN stakeholders and VDC, Municipality officials have expressed committed to support for the implementation of adaptation plans. Follow-up action plan on Climate Change and DRR to CLACs HBP had formed various Community Learning and Action Centers (CLACs) in its working districts and VDCs to raise awareness on climate change, DRR, GESI issues etc. The program has also supported the CLACs to prepare action plans in the aforementioned issues and has been supporting the CLACs to implement some of the action plans they had prepared. In this reporting period, CARE Nepal supported to carryout action plans prepared in two CFUGs of Kaski district i.e Shantitatha Salghari CFUG of Bhadaure Tamagi and Taulibhanjyang CFUG of Sarangkot. A total of 78 people (including 62 women, 24 BCT, 5 JJs, 49 dalits) participated in the orientation program. The two CLACs had prepared action plan to orient and aware the community on CCA, DRR issues including recent flood and landslide in the district. Support addressing the issues identified by CLAC

Likewise in other working district of HBP, 3 CLACs of Nawalparasi (Sarse, Narayani and Laliguras CLAC) and 3 of Chitwan (Chhemata, Sirjana and Kalika) have raised various issues.

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Addressing the issues identified by the CLAC is a key to support them in CCA, DRR, GESI and livelihood issues too. CARE supported in addressing the issues identified by these CLACs. As an example, the detail of issues identified by a CLAC and support of CARE Nepal is given in Table 5. The detail information of all CLACs is given in Annex.

Table 18: Issues identified and supported by CLAC of Nawalparasi.

SN CLAC/CFUG /BZCFUG Issues Identified and Supported 1 Sarse CLAC, Major issue identified: Livelihood improvement through Maajhdaanda CFUG, communal goat farming. Naram VDC, Nawalparasi Support provided: With the support of CARE Nepal, Goat farming will be done in collective approach. 1 HH (Ms Lal Maya Pulami) of the CLAC will rear goat and rest of the 7 CLAC members will support by bringing grasses. Benefit will be shared among the eight CLAC members.

Voice of a CLAC member I am Mrs. Bhawan Kumari Mahato, resident of Krishnasaar BZCFUG, Nawalparasi. My family along with other poor families was selected for the livelihood improvement program (LIP) that was identified and prioritized in our CLAC follow up activity. My family opted for pig farming and CARE Nepal supported my family for it. I am trying to live my life with small earning and savings from pig farming. Savings has become important; because it can help the poor like me to deal with the ups and downs of irregular earnings. Seeing all the changes (increased income, enhanced knowledge, awareness and advocacy skills, and social recognition) in our family our neighbours are also eager to join our learning center and learn something to know and to be like me.

Box 5: Voice of Suntali Chepang, Chairperson, Srijana CLAC, Chandisthan CFUG

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Men and Elite engagement in strengthening excluded groups leadership role in climate change initiatives

Hariyo Ban is trying to promote the leadership of women and excluded group in decision making mechanism of Natural Resource Management. It is felt to be impossible without the support of men and elite as well decision makers. In this context, men and elite engagement initiatives events were organized one each in Chitwan and Lamjung. Altogether there were 96 participants including 49 women, 42 BCT, 48 JJs, 8 dalits, 10 youths and 15 poor. FECOFUN Chitwan had initiated the Photo 40: Glimpse of men and elite engagement campaign during “16 days of Activism 2015 initiative in Lamjung - "From Peace in the Home to Peace in the World: Make Education Safe for All.” In Lamjung a talk program on women empowerment, leadership development and streamlining women leadership in every level was organized where FECOFUN, CFUGs, CARE, DLAs participated and put forward their view. They all committed to support for women and excluded groups’ leadership development from their side.

3.4.3. Piloting of differential impact based adaptation plan development and implementation.

By now it has been clear that the degree of impacts of climate change and adaptation capacity varies between and within men and women and different social class of the society.

So to better understand this differential impacts of climate change, CARE Nepal in this reporting period carried out two workshops/assessments in Rajdevi CFUG of Gorkha and Shanti Tatha Shalghari CFUG, of Kaski. Outcome: From these assessments too, it was found that the impact of climate change are varied. Impacts have been found to be more on communities/people who are very poor, lack socio-economic resources, who are excluded and marginalized and have less adaptive capacity. Regarding the impact on men and women, the assessment clearly showed Photo 41: A glimpse of ‘Differential Impact Assessment’ that the impacts are more on women as workshop in Rajdevi CFUG of Gorkha. they have limited access to resources,

105 less or no decision making rights, depend mostly on natural resources for their daily works and needs, have higher workloads etc. In the workshops, adaptation activities that reduce the differential impacts have been identified and will soon be rolled out.

Workshops on mainstreaming of CAPA, LAPA, CC policy, LDRMP, EFLG Framework to integrated planning committee and stakeholders for VDC officials (One day) A total of 39 workshops (32 in Makwanpur, 5 in Chitwan cluster and 2 in Dhangadi Cluster), each of one day, were organised on mainstreaming of CAPA, LAPA, CC policy, LDRMP, EFLG framework to integrated planning committee and stakeholders for VDC officials were accomplished in this reporting period. The participants of the workshops were VDC/Municipality officials, members of CAPA/LAPA and CFUG committee, political parties, government stakeholders, representative from ward citizen forum and community. VDC/Municipality officials, members of CAPA/LAPA and CFUG committee, political parties, government stakeholders, representative from ward citizen forum and community.

Photo 42: CCA/DRR mainstreaming workshop at Barandabhar Photo 43: News on mainstreaming of BZUC, Gitanagar, Bharatpur, Chitwan district. CAPA/LAPA into local planning process.

Output/Outcome: The participants were sensitized on CCA, CAPA, LAPA, CC policy, DRR, LDRMP, EFLG framework and the importance and process of mainstreaming CCA and DRR through the 14 step of VDC/Municipality planning process. They have expressed their support and engagement for this mainstreaming process.

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3.4.4 CCA/DRR Mainstreaming workshop at VDC level

Similarly, a total of 62 VDC/Municipality/District level workshops (each of one day) were organised on mainstreaming of CCA, DRR and EFLG framework through VDC, Municipality and District level planning process. The participants of the workshops were VDC/Municipality officials (in case of VDC/Municipality level workshop), LDO, Planning Officer, DFO and heads/representatives of district level line agencies (in case of district level workshops), members of CAPA/LAPA and CFUG committee, representatives of political parties, government stakeholders, representative from ward citizen forum and community.

Output/Outcome: After the mainstreaming workshops tracking was done so as to find the effectiveness of the workshops and collect information on the number and type of CCA and DRR activity that were endorsed through the VDC, Municipality, and District council as a consequence of these mainstreaming workshops. Substantial numbers of activities were found to be endorsed. The detail is shown in the following two Figures.

16 16 14 11 12 10 10 7 8 6 6 5 6 4 3 3 4 2 2 2 2

Kaski

Dang

Parsa

Kaikali

Banke

Gorkha

Bardiya

Syangja

Lamjung

Tanahaun

Kanchanpur

Makwanpur Nawalparasi District

Figure 27: Total Number of CCA DRR activities endorsed per district

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1600000 1400000 1200000 1000000 800000 600000 400000 200000

Kaski

Dang

Parsa

Kaikali

Banke

Gorkha

Bardiya

Syangja

Lamjung

Tanahaun

Kanchanpur

Makwanpur Nawalparasi District

Figure 28: Total budget of CCA DRR activities endorsed per district after the mainstreaming workshops

The chart show that from the information compiled from 13 districts, altogether 77 activities with a total budget of NRs. 66,27,920 have been endorsed through VDC/Municipality/DDC council in this fiscal year of GoN(2073/74) as a result of the mainstreaming workshop carried out in these districts. Such data are still to come from other districts and the figure of activities and budge is expected to increase. The total of 101 such events were carried out in Year-V in which 3213 total participants attended including 1201 women and 237 from GLAs.

Additional Activities: 1. Roll out Workshop for Local Curriculum of Primary Level (grade 1-5) students on Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR). CARE Nepal (jointly Hariyo Ban Program and & VISATAR) technically supported to review and rollout the school level curriculum (targeting 1-5 grade) in Kailali district. An orientation workshop was organised for developing the primary level local curriculum on CCA and DRR issues in a participatory approach and adult learning principles. The overall process was led by District Education Office, Kailali. Outcomes: The workshop resulted to roll out the ‘local primary school level curriculum’ covering CCA, DRR and natural resource conservation issues of local level. The outline of the curriculum has been revised and endorsement by respective authority. More than thirty thousand school children’s from 250 schools in Kailali are now getting knowledge on CCA/DRR.

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2.4 Earthquake Recovery and Reconstruction (ERR Program) Earthquake Recovery and Reconstruction (ERR) program has been focused mainly on restoring the including previous interventions of Hariyo Ban Program including damages or lost due to devastating from earthquake of 25 April 2016. The program aims to mobilize local resources in earthquake recovery and reconstruction works by identifying and integrating sound environmental practices. Moreover, the program has been focusing on capacity building of local human resource and communities to restore damages including livelihood improvement of earthquake affected women HHs, poor and marginalized peoples.

The program has been implementing in Gorkha and Dhading Districts in partnership with local implementing partner named Shree Swanra Integrated Community Development Center (SSICDC) in Gorkha and Sahayatri Samaj Nepal in Dhading. In Gorkha, VDC's were selected from regular Hariyo Ban Program implementing areas which are most affected VDCs i.e. Barpak (epicenter), Simjung, Saurpani and Muchchok VDC's. Similarly in Dhading, VDCs were selected for response and recovery for Hariyo Ban Program in consultation with Dhading District Disaster Risk Committee (DDRC) and covered i.e. Salyantar, Mulpani, Budhathum, Phulkharka, Baseri and Aginchok VDC's.

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Major highlights of earthquake recovery and reconstruction program:

 Agriculture tools were distributed to 1002 HHs of Gorkha and Dhading Districts from those tools 80 single women, 275 women headed HHs, 105 Dalit HHs and 474 poor HHs were benefitted.  Total 143 HHs were benefitted from livestock restocking program which covered 3 single women, 24 women headed HHs, 21 Dalit HHs and 125 poor HHs in Gorkha and Dhading.  Total 5907 EQ affected HHs were benefitted from cash for work scheme in Gorkha and Dhading. Till now total 69.49km of foot trail and 14.58km of irrigation canal were maintained whereas debris of 14 community buildings were removed and; CFW benefitted to 2828 women, 389 single women, 1080 women headed HHs, 755 Dalit HHs and 4536 poor HHs.  Total 172 HHs were benefitted from LIP support among them 123 were single women, 115 were women headed HHs and 79 were Dalit HHs of earthquake affected poor communities.  Total 16 events of Orientation on sexual and reproductive health to adolescents were accomplished and benefitted to 459 adolescent girls/ boys. Similarly, six events of Orientation on GBV, trafficking, violence against women, men's engagement were accomplished where total 217 participants were benefitted including 6 single women, 19 women headed HHs and 9 dalits.  Grants to 25 women groups were supported in this reporting period in Gorkha to promote protection of women, adolescents, girls and marginalized groups by building their capacity for recovery.  Two events of EIE training accomplished in Gorkha and Dhading where DRM orientation to schools were carried out and plan for schools’ DRM plan preparation also prepared with detail timeline and later on DRM plan of 7 schools were prepared in Dhading.  One event of Low cost soil conservation and bio-engineering training was conducted in Budhathum VDC of Dhading focusing capacity building of landslide prone area.

Activity wise report of Earthquake recovery and reconstruction program:

Agricultural tools/ seeds distribution: As per the AWP, the agriculture tools and seed distribution activities were implemented in both districts. The objective of the activity was to restore the agriculture tools/ seeds which have been damaged during the earthquake and support them in agricultural activities to improve their livelihood. The activity was implemented through district as well as VDC level government and respective stakeholder's close consultation. The target households were identified in close coordination and decision of Local Disaster Relief Committee and Ward Citizen Forum, respective agricultural groups with adopting the well being ranking process and focused specially women and marginalized.

Till the period, 1002 HHs (600 in Gorkha and 402 HH in Dhading) were benefitted from agriculture toots/seeds distribution. Among 1002 HHs, 438 JJ, 105 dalit, single women headed 80 and women headed 275 HHs were benefitted.

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Set of agriculture tools distributed in Gorkha and Dhading are as follow: Dhading (402 set) Gorkha (600 set) Item of Agri tools/seed: Spade with handle (Kuto), Item of Agri tools/seed: Hoe with handle (Kodalo), Pressure sprayer with safety Pressure sprayer, sprinkle, kits (Spectacles, Helmet, Mask), Maize Sheller with loose pipe and maize Sheller Gloves

Seed distribution details (in Dhading only) Process followed • ERR program presentation in VDC level planning workshop/LDRC meeting • Building common understanding on criteria for selection of beneficiaries. • WCF meeting/ farmer Ag groups’ meeting and beneficiaries identification • Demand collection and analysis of demand • Agricultural set identification • Request for DADO/DLSO for recommending the species (for seed) with formal letter and for providing technical support. • Sharing in cluster S.N Description Unit Total meeting/partner/other project 1 Maize Kg 1206 • Distribution of agricultural tools set/ 2 Paddy Kg 142 seeds to beneficiaries 3 Ladies finger Gm 80 4 Bean (Ghue Simi) Gm 200 5 Pumpkin Gm 80 6 Bitter gourd Gm 40 7 Cucumber Gm 80 8 Peas (Kerau) Gm 50 9 Sponge Gourd (Ghiraula) Gm 40 10 Long bean (Tane Bodi) Gm 80

Livestock Restocking Photo 44: Agricultural Livestock restocking support activity tools set distribution in Photo 45: Agricultural tools Dhading distribution in Simjung VDC, Gorkha was carried out with an objective to

111 restock the livestock of the earthquake affected households. The activity was implemented in close coordination with District Women Development Office and SSICDC. NRs 20,000.00 amount for per HHs was provided form the program with clear orientation on Green Recovery concept and encouraged to the respective HHs members on stall-feeding, fodder grass plantation, tips to avoid further pressure on forests. During this reporting period, 143 HHs (69 women, 24 were women headed household, 125 poor and 13 single women) are benefitted from livestock restocking activities. Out of 143 HHs there are 44 BCT, 77 Janajati, 21 Dalit and 1 Newar.

Cash for work: ERR implemented the cash for work activities which included foot trail improvement, irrigation canal maintenance, drinking water system maintenance and debris removal of communities infrastructure that was damaged due to Earthquake. The objectives of such activity is to support for livelihood of earthquake affected HHs, poor and marginalized groups through fast cash generation and to create employment by engaging affected households in rebuilding/rehabilitating community assets with applying green practices. During the activity implementation, ERR program followed the systematic process such as ward level meeting, FGD and field visit/ LDRC meeting, demand collection from communities, VDC level meeting and activities prioritization/ building common understanding on criteria for selection, field visit and identification and categorization of Progress achieved through cash for work (Dhading and Gorkha): non-construction and construction activities, community level meeting, formation of  Reconstruction of 69.49 km long foot trail. management committee, submission of  14.58 km long irrigation canal  Debris removal (14 community and school request letter with respective VDC's buildings). recommendation, activities implementation ,  Numbers of landslides controlled through cash for work scheme. event completion report submission by  As per the estimation of community people, retained community along with recommendation irrigation canal irrigates about 137 ha of agriculture from VDC and made payment as per report land.  Total NRs 13,504,400.00 amount distributed to and attendance submitted by community. community people through cash for work which helped them to cover day to day expenses.  Similarly, 4536 poor people, 389 single women and 1080 women headed households were benefitted by cash for work scheme in Gorkha and Dhading.

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Box 6: Early recovery through cash for work

Sapana Pariyar says – “Earthquake damaged my home and we are living in shelter. There was no source of income. At such peak time we got an opportunity to get involved in the cash-for-work program. We received cash payments in return for labor, allowing us to purchase supplies, build houses, and pay school fees. By working for rehabilitation project, I earned enough money to pay for school fees, as well as buy clothes for my children”. One of the cash for work participant in Pokhari-1, Barpak village in Gorkha district expressed his story as – “there are 7 members in my family. I belong to poor family. 25th April 2015 earthquake devastated my home and community. Cash for work project provided short-term employment to complete community work, such as clearing debris, in order to earn a small income to meet basic needs. For more than a month my family members engaged in cash for work. We bought galvanized steel, ply wood, timber and built a small shelter house”.

Table 19: Implemented activities of ERR

Project type

of wage

persons persons

involved

Total # of Total # of

of project

Total person

days involved Total amount

provided (Rs) S.N District Total number

Rehabilita tion irrigation of Rehabilita system tion of foot trails Debris removal Landslide Rehabilita tion Water source protection 1 Dhading 24 63 2 3 0 92 3243 7734 5413800 2 Gorkha 1 15 12 0 1 29 2664 13180 8090600

Total 25 78 14 3 1 121 5907 20914 13504400

Table 20: Beneficiaries’ desegregated data:

District Total Women Poor Single Women Janajati Dalit women headed

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Gorkha 2664 1502 2152 214 359 1997 313

Dhading 3243 1326 2384 175 721 842 442

Grand Total 5907 2828 4536 389 1080 2839 755

(Note: Link of news of cash for work in Gorkha: http://www.egorkhakhabar.com/content/2016/02/19/5932.html)

Photo 46: Debris removal of Mandre School, Barpak-2 (before-left, after-right) Protection (GESI sensitive – e.g. grants to mothers groups/ adolescents/ CLAC based on gap analysis)

Livelihood support (single women, GBV victims, Ultra poor and poor)

Even in disaster women, adolescents, girls are most affected than men. With considering this facts, ERR program implementing different protection activities with targeting especially for them with aiming to recover their livelihoods through their capacity building and establishment their social position. Under this protection activity, till period 172 have been supported to single women and ultra poor HHS for livelihood improvement. 100 households in Gorkha and 72 households in Dhading are benefitted. Total Rs 4,700,000.00 amount was distributed to 172 HHs to implement livelihood activities including 123 single women and 115 women headed family. The respective households have been started 162 on farm (goat, pig and buffalo rearing) and 10 off farm (tailoring, grocery shop) activities which is just ongoing.

Orientation on sexual and reproductive health to adolescents

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As per the implementation plan, ERR program implemented the orientation training on sexual and reproductive health to adolescents in the program area. The objective of the orientation training was to promote protection of women, adolescents, girls and marginalized groups by building their capacity for recovery and Sexual Reproductive Health (SRH) and to aware communities and NRM Groups, CLACs on sexual and reproductive health related policies and provisions. Druign thei reporting period, 16 events (10 in Gorkha and 6 in Dhading) are completed. Altogether, 459 peoples (9 male and 450 women) were participated in the training events where BCT 167, Janajati 193 and Dalits 92. The major participants were from school girls, drop out adolescent Photo 47: Orientation in Dhading girls and school teachers. These all events were facilitated by GoN staff nurse. The major content of the training covered various health related issues of women and adolescent girls, adolescent situation, physical and mental growth in adolescent phase, risk factor in adolescent period and legal provisions of SRH. (Note: news link of the above activities: http://dhadingnews.com/?p=23506)

Orientation on GBV, trafficking, violence against women, men's engagement The ERR program conducted 6 events of orientation trainings on GBV, trafficking and violence against women in Dhading. The objective of the orientation was to build the capacity women, adolescents, girls and marginalized groups for recovery to promote protection. of by building their capacity for recovery and to aware communities and NRM Groups, CLACs on GBV, trafficking, violence against women, men's engagement including related policies and provisions. In total 217 participants were oriented including 133 BCT, 58 Janajati and 9 Dalits 9 (6 single women and 29 women headed). Participants were from women group, CLAC members and adolescent girls’ group, GBV victims, poor, school teachers and social leaders of the respective community. The trainings were facilitated by professional resource persons and included the major topics like as sex and gender, sector of GBV and trafficking areas, domestic violence act and other related laws and acts, types of violence and differences between gender based violence and violence against women, sexual violence and citizenship along with its importance, trafficking and its current issues of Nepal, GBV laws and trafficking policies. Orientation on women grants action plan preparation

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The ERR program also focused on earth quake affected women's recovery, empowerment and livelihood improvement. ERR program is going to provide the grant support to different women groups in the program area. In this connection, till period conducted the orientation workshop to women group members with an objective to orient women groups on grant support process, provisions, planning process and its proper implementation. Altogether 8 events of orientation events were accomplished in Gorkha and Dhading. In total 183 participants were participated in orientation programs including 53 BCT, 84 Janajati and 32 Dalits (4 single women and 44 women headed households). The potential activities for women grant support are environmental protection/Sanitation campaign, door to door campaign to stop alcoholism and playing card, donor to single women who are the example to the community, street drama to minimize gender based violence, domestic violence and to avoid other superstitious beliefs and thoughts, work load analysis discussions, campaign for equal wages to women, orientation Photo 48: Orientation on women grant to SRH, GBV, trafficking and child rights, leadership training to women constituency and networks, stationery support for extra ordinary with needy ultra-poor students, support for citizenship, social security cards and others, orientation to women group about government facilities and services, campaign for land registration with women ownership and psychosocial counseling to victim, women and adolescent girls.

Grants to women groups (CLACs, GBV victims etc)

After the completion of grant orientation respective groups submitted the request along with proposed activities to ERR program. Altogether 25 grants support have been provided to women groups, mother groups and adolescent girls groups in Gorkha including 11 women group 7 CLACs, 5 adolescent groups and 2 mother groups.

Women day celebration 106th international women day was celebrated in Budhathum VDC of Dhading jointly organized by Sahayatri Samaj Nepal and Village alliance of women human right defender (VLWHRD) Bdathum VDC with the support of Hariyo Ban Program. The program of the event was mass rally displaying the play cards with women right and violence against women, song competition in topics of women right, human rights and violence against women and dance competition. At the same time, livelihood support amount was also handover to the 12 single women and, women headed households.

Around 2000 people's from VDC level stakeholders such as representative from VDC, health post, police station, political parties, schools, women health worker, mother groups and many other community based organization were participated . Stakeholder expressed that such type of event was never organized before. They thank to CARE Nepal to provide such kind of people

116 awareness activity which sensitized the community on women right, human rights and violence against women.

Training to teacher, School Management committee and student in Education in Emergency (EiE) Two events of Education in Emergency (EIE) training were completed in active participation of 20 schools from Dhading and Gorkha. Major objectives of the training were:  To enhance the capacity of SMC, teachers, and students on disaster risk management.  To promote the inclusive DRR education to SMC, Teacher and student.  To encourage schools to incorporate DRR and green recovery principles and practices in School Improvement Plan (SIP).

Three days’ training were occupied with different sessions like terminologies on disaster, rationale for EIE, INEE and its minimum standards, EIE technical components, inclusive education in emergencies, human rights, child protection and other legal instrument for education in emergencies and DRM plan in schools. Session by DEO focused in School Improvement Plan preparation strategy and integrating school DRM plan in same SIP. District Education Officer (DEO) appreciated the training and wishes for successful Photo 49: DEO Dhading during EIE training in Dhading completion of DRM initiatives in selected schools. At the end of the training action plan was prepared for preparing the School DRM plan of their respective schools.

Gorkha Dhading  Total 27 participants including 12 women, 24  Total 30 participants including 2 Dalit, poor, 15 Janajati, 1 Dalit, 1 single woman and 1 3 Janajati, 11 women, 1 poor were women headed household were training on EIE trained on EIE  13 schools of Simjung and Barpak had  7 schools of Mulpani and Phulkharka prepared action plan to prepare schools’ DRM had prepared action plan to prepare plan with detail timeline schools’ DRM plan with detail timeline  The participants are sensitized on DRM and its terminologies.  The participants are skilled with the tools related to vulnerability assessment and school DRRMP and able to disseminate their knowledge and experiences on DRR through teaching.  Action plan was developed to complete the school DRM plan.

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(Note: news coverage of EIE traing in Dhading: http://pabilnews.com/training-mulpani- fulkharka/, http://dhadingnews.com/?p=24570)

School DRM plans develop and finalization workshop In Dhading, out of 7 Schools selected for school DRM plan preparation, 5 schools have been completed the DRM plan workshops in Mulpani VDC of Dhading. In total 128 participants including 78 BCT, 10 Dalit, 39 Janajati, 58 women, 12 poor, 18 Women headed HHs and 3 single women were participated. In these workshops the representatives were from school who has already taken EiE Process followed training, community (Parents HH), women health worker, • Coordination with DEO for student, teacher, ward citizen forum representatives. The School selection major objectives of the training were: • Coordination with Resource Center and resource person.  To sensitize SMC, teachers, students, Parents on • School capacity building DRM cycle, terminologies and role of SMC, training on DRM teacher, students in disaster management and • Formal letter from District importance of disaster risk management plan Education office.  To collect ground level information for Disaster • Training of SMC, Teachers, Risk Management (DRM) plan preparation. students in Education in  Preparation of school's DRM plan Emergency (EiE). The participants were sensitized on DRM terminologies • Action plan preparation for DRM plan preparation. such as disasters, hazards, mitigation, reduction, retrofitting, intensity and impact scales, vulnerability and risk and DRM cycle. Similarly, they were sensitized on tools of vulnerability mapping, importance of school DRM plan. Likewise, the linkage and integration of school DRM plan in School Improvement Plan (SIP) was discussed in workshop. After conceptual understanding, the group exercise was carried out for vulnerability assessment to collect the primary information. Lastly, School disaster management committee was formed for draft the DRM plan.

School capacity building training on DRM Two events of School capacity building training on DRM was successfully completed in Phulkharka and Mulpani VDC of Dhading. In total 57 participants including 32 BCT, 7 Dalit, 18 Janajati, 19 women, 18 poor and 25 medium were attended in training from School Principal, Teacher, School Management Committee, Students, Sahayatri Samaj Nepal. The major objectives of the training were: to capacitate the Principal, Teacher, School Management Committee, Students on disaster management and to assess the resilience capacity of the school and prepare the further plan. Disaster management concept, disaster cycle, school resilience capacity analysis and WASH were discussed during the training. The participants were so interested and actively participated in training. By the end of the workshop, it was concluded by developing the disaster and WASH action plan.

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Constructions materials for Bio-engineering work/measures (each site in each district) -sand, gabion wire, cement & Plants.

Low cost soil conservation and bio-engineering training

Low cost soil conservation and bio-engineering training was conducted in Budathum- 5, Dhading. The main objective of the training was to build common understanding on low cost technology to soil conservation whereas its specific objectives were as follows:  To capacitate the community on low cost technology for soil conservation  To transfer skill of low cost soil conservation technology to community  Field practice of low cost bio-engineering techniques at Besarekhet landslide of Budhathum

In total there were 27 participants including 3 janajati, 7 women and 15 poor. In that event, 2 resource persons from DSCO and 1 from CARE Nepal had facilitated the sessions. The program was organized from initiative of Sahayatri Samaj Nepal with the support of USAID funded Hariyo Ban Program through CARE Nepal. The technical sessions were lead by DSCO. In two days conceptual session causative agents of landslide, concept of integrated watershed management, types and causes of soil erosion, sustainable development, importance of bioengineering, low cost bio-engineering techniques such as Palisade, Brush layering, Fascine, Brush wood check dam, Riprap, Watling, Hedge row, Grass water way and Crib wall were discussed. At the last session of second day, work plan and different group was made for the field practice.

On third day conducted practical sessions in landslide, mainly palisade, brush layering, fascine, brush wood check dam and crib wall were prepared as a result of field practices at Besarekhet landslide of Budhathum-5, Dhading. Mainly Simali, Sajewan (Jatropha), Sajewan (Sital chini), Kabro, Kimbu, Khirrow, Lalupate and bamboo were used as planting and constructing materials. At the end of the field practice, responsibility for watering, motoring and control open grazing practices and using trail were assigned to community.

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Photo 50: Bio-engineering practice in Budhathum Dhading

3. Review and reflection meeting Staff meeting One event of staff meeting was held in Pokhara from 16-17 July 2015. The major objectives of this meeting were to review the performance of Hariyo Ban field staffs, to review the governance related activities and to prepare the plan of AWP 2016. Dr. Popular Gentle, Program Director and Mr. Bishnu Kharel, Partnership and Grant Management Coordinator also facilitated important sessions regarding the governance, RBA and advocacy, and partnership strategies of CARE Nepal. During the meeting, we discussed various issues of governance in Hariyo Ban working districts and partnership grant management guidelines and strategies to gear of sub-grant awards to implementing partners in all program districts. Similalry, the Monday meeting, meeting among the program management team were held regularly to deepen the understanding in the contexts and sort out the issues at field in a timely manner.

Partnership review and reflection CARE has been enduring its partnership with different partners to build the local capacity for program sustainability. One event of partnership review and reflection and partnership grant

120 agreement workshop was organized in Chitwan. During the event, major achievements, learning and issues in Hariyo Ban Program as well as strengths, gaps, issues and challenges in partnership management (including financial management) were reviewed. Group works and presentation were carried out to share knowledge and achievements of Hariyo Ban Program. Further, partnership grant agreement for FY 2016 was signed with partners of 17 districts in the presence of then Country Director of CARE Nepal Lex Kassenberg. All partners committed to put full efforts for quality results in the remaining period. Similarly, we organized 9 cluster level review meetings with partners to review the progresses, major issues and finding ways to implement the AWP in time LRP meetings A total of 45 events of LRP’s meetings were organized by Hariyo Ban Program at different places of working districts. During the meeting, LRPs from concerned districts, partner’s representatives as well as Field Officers and Field Coordinators were presented. The major objective of these meetings is sharing and documentation of achievements and cross learning as well as better planning for implementation of field activities, discussing on the emerging issues and difficulties and developing similar understanding in program implementation. Major outputs of LRP meeting were as follows:  Sharing of the year 5 regular and backlogged program activities was done.  Work division for upcoming activities was done among the LRPs in their respective working corridor to implement remaining activities smoothly as per the plan.  Cross sharing and learning from the previous work and from each other  Impact of the crisis and strike was also assessed and strategies were prepared  Commitment for effective reporting was ensured

4. Inter-project coordination meeting Similarly, we also conducted inter project coordination within CARE Nepal to avoid duplication and bring synergy in program implementation through collaboration for fund, materials, technical support. E.g. School Based DRR program of CARE helped to facilitate the Disaster Risk Management skills to different schools of Gorkha and Dhading under ERR. VISTAR and HBP worked together to integrate DRR and CCA in Kailali. Emergency Response program in Gorkha and Dhading helped in complementing the fund. These programs also greatly helped in coordination with government agencies and other stakeholders in the district. Similarly, CARE Nepal has been actively participating in various sharing meetings organized amongst USAID partners’ particularly in Nepalgunj and Dhangadhi. These meetings have been useful to share learning from each other, discuss on pertaining issues and identify areas of collaboration. Furthermore, an inter project coordination meeting cum cross learning sharing visit to PES demo site in Lamjung in leadership of Regional Forest Director of Kaski, District Forest Officer, District Soil Conservation Officer and Officials of Multi-Stakehlders Forestry Program (MSFP) was conducted. The PES initiation was pretty much appreciated by the stakeholders.

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5. District level review reflection meeting with stakeholders including DPAC meeting Staffs participated and organized number of review reflection and coordination meeting at different levels – sub-district and district, cluster, landscape and projects. The project also organized 9 events of DPAC/DFSCC meetings at district level and joint field monitoring at different levels. Such meeting and joint field visit greatly helped to expand the collaboration, sharing good practices and getting important feedback and comments for increasing program quality. E.g. District Agriculture Development Office managed 50% cost share in 2 IPM training in Banke. Similarly, the DDCs, VDCs, DFOs and DSCOs in different districts helped in bio-engineering and check dam construction under the sub-watershed management plan implementation.

6. Field vists and monitoring Number of officials from Ministry of forests and soil conservation, Ministry of Population and Environement, Department of Forests, Department of Soil Conservation, SWC mid-term evaluation team, US ambassador including other senior officials from USAID media workers, universities, NGOs, other community groups, Hariyo Ban consortium partners and core team members visited in NRM grousp, districts staekhodlers and sites within Hariyo Ban working districts. Similarly, CARE Nepal’s Country Director, Program Director and other senior staffs of CARE Nepal also visited in different sites. Such field visit remained very useful to in updating the project progresses and good practices, expanding the areas for collaboration and improving coordination and relationship, sharing good practices and seeking important feedback and comments for program quality and overall operating environment.

7. Coordination and collaboration The collaboration and coordination with other agencies is going on for mutual cooperation and support. Many agencies have been asking our supports to build their capacity by sharing Hariyo Ban Program and CARE’s experiences in different programs. Brief details of such collaborations are as follows:  Pabitra Jha, REDD Specialist, Hariyo Ban Program, CARE Nepal facilitated sessions related to Mainstreaming GESI in REDD+: A case study of Nepal and other session related to GESI mainstreaming to address drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in a program organized by ICIMOD in 24-25 Aug 2015 in Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar. Participants appreciated Hariyo Ban Program approach of CLAC implementation and Gender Responsive Budget Analysis to build capacity of community people and gender sensitive budget respectively. Further, they intend to create similar platforms to enhance understanding of REDD+ and GESI at community level. Diversification of livelihood options, community awareness and activities to reduce dependency on forests were the major activities recommended as a part of capacity building events for REDD+ readiness in Myanmar.  Mr. Balkrishna Jamarkattel, Climate Change Adaptation Specialist shared our experiences on CCA-DRR integration and mainstreaming in a 5 days Disaster Risk Management Training organized by Regional Administration Office, Surkhet (in partnership with

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UNICEF, UNRCO/FCO, OXFAM, CARE, Practical Action, Handicap International, RRN, Save the Children) for DRR focal persons from various mid-western districts during 4-8 December 2015.  Mr Shyam Bhandari, Program Officer has facilitated a session on “Field experiences in Eco-system based adaptation planning under Hariyo Ban Program” on Training of Trainers (TOT) on “Climate Change and Community-based Adaptation Planning” organized by Rupantaran Nepal on 26th September, 2015. The ToT was conducted to develop facilitators from various GoN and non-GoN organization for follow up "District Training on Climate Change and Community-based Adaptation Planning (Phase-II)" program. The Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (MoSTE) with financial support from Climate Investment Fund (CIF) administered through Asian Development Bank (ADB) awarded program to Rupantaran Nepal as service provider.  Similarly, Ms. Pabtira Jha REDD Specialist and Bal Krishna JK facilitated REDD+ Sesisization to district line agencies office heads and CCA to DFO staffs of Bara from 21- 24 May 2016 as per request of District Forest Office, Bara.  Mr. Gupta Bdr KC and Mr. Shyam Bhandari facilitated the Good Governance and Institutional Development Training from 5-8 Jan 2016 to the DFO staffs of Kaski district as per request of district forest office, Kaski.  Mr. Bijay Raj Bagale, CCA Specialist facilitated two sessions (on Strengthening of CCA in Nepal through NAPA/LAPA including policy landscape and Impacts of disaster and climate change on six major thematic areas identified by NAPA) in a 3 days capacity building training organised by SABAL for its staffs on DRR and CCA at Hetauda, Makwanpur from 24 March to 26 March 2016.  Mr. Bal Krishna JK and Ms. Participated in CBA-10 in Bangladesh from 21-27 April 2016 and presented the papers and posters to share the Hariyo Ban Program’s learning and good practices.  Mr. Dev Raj Gautam, Team Leader supported in taking sessions of Project Management Module to the MSc students at Insitute of Forestry, Pokhara

8. Partner capacity assessment and sub-grant monitoring The project conducted partner’s capacity assessment and due diligence assessment to maintain the partnership relations, quality and sound financial management system. In the lead of sub- grant monitoring associate/unit, we also conducted regular monitoring of sub-grants in all program districts. Such monitoring greatly helped the partners to assess their current status, good practices and areas for improvement. In the meantime, the monitoring team used to guide them how to make the financial report, what are the supporting documents required, the taxation policies of government (TDS, VAT), advance settlement processes, internal control system, CARE’s and USAID compliances and requirements including Child Protection Policy and other annexes. Based on the monitoring, we also organized meeting with the executive/board members and conducted orientation to key persons of the partners.

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9. Program and operation

Staff Management and mobilization Currently, we have 48 full time/temporary staffs which comprise 21 (44%) women, 28 (58%) Brahmin/Chhetri, 15 (31%) Janajaties, 4 (8%) Dalits community and 1 (2%) from Madheshi community (see Annex II for details). Nine staffs (Field Coordinator – 1, Field Officer - 4, Finance Officer – 1, Sub-grant management associate -1, Admin Assistant – 1 and Governance Specialist -1) left Hariyo Ban Program during this period where as three staffs are upgraded and/or recruited for ERR component. Recruitment, orientation and placement of new staffs were done timely to substitute in vacant positions. Similarly, two field officers were upgraded at senior officer’s level. Additional 14 shared position staffs at central office have been providing the managerial, technical and financial supports and guidance in the center and field level when and as required.

Staff’s capacity development Different staffs participated in various training, workshop and orientiaon program organized by CARE and Hariyo Ban consortium parntners. Some staffs participated as observeror and cofaicilitator in the training and workshop events within the CARE Nepal in order to develop their knowledge, skills and capacity on different themes. The major events were:  Gender Responsive Budgeting, Gender Audit and Community Score Card Training  Training on strengthening role of staffs and LRPs on promoting internal good governance  Inter district women leadership capacity enhancement training to community based NRM  Online data web-based database and Monitoring and Evaluation  TOT on Men and Decision makers’ engagement in women leadership development  Green recovery and reconstruction principles  Induction about earthquakes recovery and reconstruction  Review and reflection meeting withion Hariyo Ban Program and stakeholders  Participation in community based adaptation (CBA-10) conference in Bangladesh

Logistic management During this reporting period, CARE has not purchased any vehicles and equipments. In total, CARE has managed 15 vehicles including 3 fourwheelers and 12 motobikes. Amount 15 vehicels, 3 motrobikes were managed by CARE Nepal and remaining were managed through USAID. The list of the vehicles and equipements are listed in Annex-3.

10. Financial status CARE treats costs of operations within three cost categories – direct project spending and shared indirect costs, indirect costs and contribution in kind (CIK). Direct project spending are costs associated with direct delivery of the project activities. Shared costs are cost necessary

124 in CARE’s implementation of project activities to provide the most efficient support to achieve program objectives. Costs that fall into this category are collected into one or more shared cost pools then distributed to projects. The distribution is based on a methodology approved by the country office senior management, which are defined to provide a fair allocation to the projects. The allocated costs, as per CARE’s global policy, are treated as direct costs and are not included in CARE’s indirect cost.

8846700 Hariyo Ban Program was initially designed 7584310.15 for 5 years starting 6844228 from August 2011 to 5676673.91 July 2016. $ 8,047,791.51 was the initial budget of Hariyo 1,116,500 Ban Program which 885,972 1,161,756.05 includes $ 745,880.19 6,230,374.39 as direct costs, $ 700,917.12 as Total Direct Costs Total Indirect Cost Total Cost Share Total Project costs indirect cost and $ 1,116,500.00 as CIK. Approved Budget(US$) Reported Expenses (Mar'016 US$)

However it was Figure 29: Total Budget Vs Expenses amended two times and extended till Nov 2016 having Additional Biodiversity Fund (ABF) and Earth-Quake Recovery and Reconstruction Program. $ 669,089.00 was added as ABF and $6000 and $ 1,263,271.00 was added as EQ response program. .However, the obligated budget by amendment nine is $ 8,846,699.29 including cost share. As of March 2016, the project spent about US $ 6,422,554.10 which resembles 83.08% including ICR as burn rate on direct project budget and the total time elapsed is 87.50% considering the project period up to Nov 2016. As per commitment, CARE has already achieved its target in cost share through contribution in kinds. .

11. Major Issues and challenges

Operating environment

Just before drafting and after promulgation of new constitution in 15 September 2015, there had been increased agitation, demonstrations, and unrest in Terai areas. After bitter incidence of Tiakpur, Kailali which is our working area too, the situation remained quite traumatic. This incidence created lot of fears and terrors across the Nepal. The continued bandhs, strikes and agitation adversely impacted in program delivery. The Terai unrest forced to stop the field level

125 activities in the entire Terai districts. Staff movement is totally halted and partners were also advised not to implement any activities until there is improvement in the situation. We started to closely oversight the field situation and update in the operating environment and suggested staffs to remain safe.

After Dashain and Tihar holiday, the situation in Terai area, western part from Makawanpur became somehow normal. We conducted staffs orientation on online database entry and also organized the partners’ review meeting in Hetauda, Chisapani, Kailali and Pokhara. The partners reviewed the progresses made so far and revised their work plan considering the field realities and proceeded for implementation of possible activities at possible and safe sites. In CHAL area, the operating environment remained safe and normal however the impacts of fuel crisis (last almost three months) due to boarder blockade hampered in program implementation throughout program districts. Good will of the program with the stakeholders like Chief District Officer remained crucial to maintain general business even in such harsh time. During May and June 2016 too there were closing and general strikes in different parts of the country by different parties which also hindered in staff mobility.

Human resource management issues

From the first year to till now, about 30 staffs already left from their original positions – some of them went in other organizations and some have been promoted within Hariyo Ban Program and in other projects of CARE Nepal. The staff transition has created knowledge gap and losing institutional memory which ultimately delayed in smooth implementation of planned program. Equally, it has been difficult to manage all the associated things – recruitments, orientation, and capacity building balancing program delivery. Due to less experience, in some case we needed to compromise in the program quality. Similarly, the frequent transfer of government officials (e.g. LDO, VDC secretary and other officials) also impacted in the coordination and delivery in one or another way.

Partnership management Inadequate capacity (coordination, implementation, reporting, monitoring) and trained human resources with the partners hindered to deliver program in time. Similarly, lengthy process of agreement with tough compliances and fund disbursement taking more time, the partners get minimum time for implementation caused in inadequate follow up and monitoring from partners sides. Sometimes, it is lengthy process in fund transfer particularly when partners don’t have account in the same bank where we have our office’s account.

Programatic issues

Governance strengthening: The NRM groups need continuous support for bundling of governance strengthening activities. But LRP’s drop out - as trained LRPs moving here and

126 there for other jobs/opportunities, there is a problem to impart regular support services. Further, the interest of HBP consortiums and other stakeholders is less in governance strengthening kinds of activities which make difficult to bundling the activities in the NRM groups.

Delay in implementation of construction related activities: Delay in contracting out the construction related activities with Inclusive for estimate, design and layout impeded in delayed progress. Additionally, fuel crisis also disturbed their field movement in time. As a result, most of our CAPA/LAPA implementation and ISWMPs sites have been slowed in making progress to the level expected which would need another three to four months to complete. REDD+ Implementation: support to REDD+ implementation at sub-national level is very tied to its policy making. Initially, we aimed to support for the necessary capacity building and readiness at local level in consistence to the strategy however the strategy making process as well as the initial assessments at landscape level took significant time than our expectation. Thus, balancing our readiness activities to the central level policy making work became challenging during the period of Hariyo Ban Program. Similarly, support to community based measures to address drivers of deforestation and forest degradation implemented in scattered way that may not be fully sufficient to address the site specific drivers. Rather, we could select some specific sites to implement those activities in full package.

PMERL in adaptation activities: The effectiveness of PMERL process is not found so well. Though the PMERL committee are monitoring twice in a year and had provided suggestions to the CAPA communities, they are not documenting these things in proper way. The major reasons might be they didn’t realize the importance of PMERL committee, and people involved in that committee also are not so much interested. They just nominated the committee members to fulfill the compliance, and one more important thing they said is that they haven’t simplified formats to record the monitoring process. So capacity building about the role and method of documentation are the key issue to focus in coming days.

High expectation in ERR: There was a high expectation from concerned line agencies on forestry related recovery work in Gorkha and Dhading. Similarly, high demand of community people, schools management, and other stakeholders on recovery and reconstruction work as selected VDCs were completely damaged by EQ. Similarly, due to lack of participatory well being ranking in these areas targeting right beneficiaries in ERR remained as major challenges. Hariyo Ban Program selected the needy people in the presence of stakeholders and beneficiaries. Long process for final payment in cash for work activities also remained as a important challenge. High expectation or dependency of the community in project resources is not the case of ERR alone, people and stakeholders generally expect high particularly when we support for planning whether it is watershed or adaptation planning.

Sustainability of the good practices

This year being the final year for Hariyo Ban Program support to the stakeholders and/or GoN is still needed to sustain HBP outcomes in the legacy activities. The remaining period to be

127 more focused in documentation and dissemination to the relevant stakeholders to wrap up the program effectively.

12. Lessons learnt

. As the concept of sustainable landscape measurable impacts into this concept. . Most of the CCA and DRR activities incorporating EFLG in local bodies like VDC/Municipality; DDC has sensitized the stakeholders at VDC level as well as district level. However, we need to work further for resource leveraging to implement activities that has been planned in LAPAs and CAPAs. . Networking of CAPAs/CLACs with national level networks namely NCDMC, cooperatives and other district level networks have provided adequate space for coordination and sustainability of our initiatives in DRR and CCA integration. , Further, linking such initiatives with government line agencies like DDC, VDC, DADO, DSCO, DLSO, including other agencies like ENPRED/MSFPNepal, ICCA and EBA is very effective for resource leverage thereby enhancing effectiveness. Linking such communities between upstream and downstream having common hazards and issues will further open up avenues for joint actions at wider scales. . Common understanding in the basic concept in all activities among all staff and partner is necessary for effective implementation of the activities. The partners should provide adequate capacity building along with the staffs to implement the activities to maintain desired outcomes and program standards. . The practice of governance strengthening activities (PGA, PWBR & PHPA) in many NRM groups has really helped the passive groups to be more actives. . Engagement of men and decision makers in women leadership development is very important for women empowerment. In the meantime, the economic empowerment is also very much crucial to motivate the women in the leadership and other social activities. Even the small support provided to community that helps to create encouragement and increasing the happiness among the community. Male too needs leadership development trainings together with women for understanding women issues and support them. To change massively and to engage men and elite for women empowerment, gender mainstreaming program should be implemented as a campaign, rather than as a event. . Adaptation plans is not only the document for building resilience of community but also work as reference document for overall planning. However, the site level adaptation plans alone is often not enough to addresses broader ecosystem process as it has to be linked with broader level plans. . Engagement with different stakeholders (e.g. elite groups, beneficiaries and our target groups, media, and stakeholders) is necessary for successful implementation of the activities and to ensure its sustainability. For e.g. Coordination with DDRC, thematic clusters, LDRC and ward citizen forum before implementing any activities in the field has increases the ownership and collaboration in the program. Forum like LDRC/ VDC level meeting are very useful platform for rollout disaster management activities at VDC level. Similarly, media mobilization is crucial to deliver positive message to wider audience.

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13. Opportunities

. Potentiality of working in collaboration with other agencies such as IDE, ICCA and EBA in some part of HBP working area Sub watershed management plan (main collaboration with DSCO), LAPA (main coordination with MSFP, EMPRED Nepal) . As we have the REDD+ strategy and approved ERPD at TAL, this is the right time to begin all our interventions on REDD+ in comparison to the five years back. . Existing networking and working structures of regular HBP helps to roll out the ERR program in efficient way . Capacity building of local NRM groups to engage in the 14 steps planning process of local bodies (VDC/Municipality/DDC) , there is an ample chance of resource leverage from local bodies and mainstreaming of CCA activities into their plan and budget. . Networking of CAPAs/CLACs and linking them with national level networks namely NCDMC and other district level networks have provided space for coordination to amplify their voices in DRR and climate change issues.

14. Prospects for remaining period

. Complete remaining activities planned in the AWP as well as through exchange gain . The PES piloting initiatives are fully on track and possibility to be an innovative model at inter/national level. Our support to the initiative should be extended a bit further to fulfill the intervention. . Follow up and monitoring of some key intervention and their bundling where possible e.g. implementation of ISWMPs, adaptation plans (CAPAs/LAPAs) . Conduction of national level sharing workshop to share the learning and good practices of Hariyo Ban Program . Documentation and dissemination to capture the changes and outcomes of the program. While documenting the changes, the resource leverage needs to be documented after completion of construction activities. . Intensively focus in the joint initiatives between upstream downstream communities in selected sub watershed level . Consolidate the issues at different levels focusing on campaign based issues raised by women to support their empowerment . Implementation of Hariyo Ban sustainability plan

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Annexes

Annex 1: Hariyo Ban Program Working Areas in FY 2016 S Corridors/ Sub Districts Previous working Current working Remarks N watershed area area (VDCs/Municipalit (VDCs/Municipalit ies) ies) 1 M and 2 VDCs : 2 Municipality: Daiji and Suda Bhimdattanagar (Bhimdattanagar and VDC merged into Kanchanpu Municipality, Daiji Bedkot) Bedkot M (ward 1 Bramhadev Corridor r VDC and Suda VDC 1 to 13). Bedkot consist of Daiji and Suda VDC 5 VDCs: 1 M and 4 VDCs: Krishnapur VDC Krishnapur, Krishnapur merged into Dekhatbhuli, Municipality, Krishnapur M Kanchanpu Shankarpur, Dekhatbhuli VDC, (ward no. 1 to 9) r Raikawar Bichuwa, Shankarpur VDC, Baise Bichuwa Raikawar Bichuwa VDC, Baise 2 Laljhadi Corridor Bichuwa VDC 2 M and 1 VDC : No change Godawari VDC, Attariya Kailali Municipality, and Dhangadi Municipality 5 VDCs and 2 M: No change Sugarkhal, Patharaiya, Dhansinghpur, Kailali Narayanpur, Durgauli VDCs; Lamki-Chuha and 3 Karnali Corridor Tikapur Municipalities 4 VDCs and 1 M: 2 VDCs and 2 M: Rajapur VDC Patabhar, Neulapur, Patabhar and merged into Thakurdwara and Thakurdwara VDCs; Rajapur M and Bardiya Rajapur VDCs; Rajapur and Babai Neulapur VDC Rajapur Municipalities merged into Municipality Babai M

8 VDCs : Kamdi, 6 VDCs and 1 SM: Basudevpur VDC Manikapur, Kamdi, Phattepur, became ward no Phattepur, Binauna, Baijapur, 25 of Nepalgunj Basudevpur, Mahadevpuri and sub metropolitan. 4 Kamdi Corridor Banke Binauna, Baijapur, Kachanapur VDCs; Manikapur VDC Mahadevpuri and Nepalgunj Sub became ward no Kachanapur VDCs metropolitan 26 of Nepalgunj sub metropolitan 7 VDCs: Rajpur, No change Bela, Kamdi-Kapilvastu Gangaparaspur, 5 Dang Corridor Gobadiya, Gadawa, Satbariya & Phulbari VDCs

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S Corridors/ Sub Districts Previous working Current working Remarks N watershed area area (VDCs/Municipalit (VDCs/Municipalit ies) ies) 6 VDCs, 1 M and 1 2 VDCs, 4 M and 1 Shaktikhor, SM: Dahakhani, SM: Dahakhani, Jutpani and Piple Padampur, Patihani VDCs; Padampur Shaktikhor, Bharatpur Sub merged into Jutepani, Patihani, Metropolitan, Kalika M Gardi and Ratnanagar (Padampur in Ayodhyapuri VDCs; Municipality, Kalika ward no. 5 - 8, 6 Barandabhar Corridor Chitwan Bharatpur Sub Municipality, Rapti Jutpani in ward Metropolitan, Municipality, Maadi no. 1 - 4 and Ratnanagar Municipality Shaktikhor in Municipality ward no. 9 - 12). Piple VDC became Rapti M (ward no. 1 to 4) 8 VDCs and 2 M: 7 VDCs and 3 M: Kaluwa into Kumarwati, Kaluwa, Kumarwati, Madhyabindu M Mainaghat, Naram, Mainaghat, Naram, Ruchang, Dhaubadi, Ruchang, Dhaubadi, Deurali, Hupsekot Deurali, Hupsekot Kaligandaki/Baranda Nawalpara 7 VDCs, Devchuli VDCs, Devchuli bhar Corridor si Municipality and Municipality, Kawasoti Madhyabindu Municipality Municipality and Kawasoti Municipality 4 VDCs: Manahari, 2 VDCs and 2 M: Churiyamai VDC Churiyamai, Manahari and merged into Basamadi and Handikhola VDCs; Churiamai Handikhola VDCs Churiyamai Municipality municipality and ward no. 16 to 18 Nijgadh- Makawanp 8 Basamadi and Basamadi Chandranigahapur ur municipality VDC merged into Basamadi Municipality ward no 26 to 29

6 VDCs, 2 M: 2 VDCs, 2 M: Dumarwana Amlekhgunj, Amlekhgunj, VDC merged into Bharatgunjsingaul, Manaharuwa VDCs; Gadaimai M. Manaharuwa, Gadimai and Bharatgunjsingau Dumarwana, Nijgadh l, Ratanpuri and Ratanpuri and Municipalities Nijgadh VDCs Bara Nijgadh VDCs; merged into Gadimai and Nijgadh M. (At Parsa- Bagmati river 9 Nijgadh the beginning Corridor Municipalities phase we worked in 3 VDCs and 2 M)

4 VDCs: Bagwana, No change Thori, Parsa Madhuwanmathoul and Biruwaguthi VDCs

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S Corridors/ Sub Districts Previous working Current working Remarks N watershed area area (VDCs/Municipalit (VDCs/Municipalit ies) ies) 6 VDCs and 1 M: 1 M: Chandrapur All VDCs (our Kanakpur, Judibela, Municipality working area) Purai, merged and Rangapur,Shantapur formed Rautahat and Chandrapur Chandrapur VDCs; Municipality. Chandranigahapur Municipality 17 VDCs and 1 M: Barpak, Ghyachowk, Simjung, Saurpani, Muchok, Jaubari, Srinathkot, Daraundi river Takumanjh 10 Gorkha No change corridor Lakuribot, Takukot, Ghakhu, Masel, Taple, Chhoprak, Nareshwar, Deurali, Mirkot and Khoplang VDCs, Gorkha Municipality 15 VDCs and 1 M: 8 VDCs and 3 M: Maurighat and Rainasmohariyakot, Bharte, Chiti, Tarkughat VDCs Bharte, Chiti, Archalbot, merged into Tarkughat, Banjhakhet, Raignas M. Archalbot, Bhulbhule, Sundarbazaar and Banjhakhet, Hiletaksar, Ghermu, Bhotewodhar Bhulbhule, Bahundanda VDCs; VDCs merged Hiletaksar, Ghermu, Sundarbazaar into Sundarbazar Marsyangdi river 11 Lamjung Bahundanda, Municipality, M. Chandisthan, corridor Chandisthan, Besisahar Gausahar and Bhotewodhar, Municipality and Udipur VDC Udipur, Gausahar, Raignas merged into Sundarbazaar VDCs Municipality Besisahar M. and Besisahar (During initial Municipality phase we worked in 9 VDCs and 1 M). 14 VDCs and 3 M: 8 VDCs and 3 M: Pokharibhnanjya Keshavtar, Devghat, Keshavtar, Devghat, ang VDC merged Deurali, Jamune, Deurali, Jamune, into Byans M. Chhang, Manpang, Chhang, Manpang, Dharampaani and Kanhu Sivapur, Kanhu Sivapur, Bandipur VDCs Bhimad, Bandipur, Bhimad VDCs; merged into Dharampaani, Byans, Bandipur & Bandipur M. Pokharibhanjyang, Shuklagandaki Dhorphirdi, Seti River Corridor 12 Tanahun Dulegauda, Municipalities Dulegauda and and Phewa-Panchase Dhorphirdi, Khairenitaar Khairenitaar VDCs; VDCs merged Byans, Bandipur & into Shuklagandaki Suklagandaki M. Municipalities (During initial phase we worked in 9 VDCs and 3 M)

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S Corridors/ Sub Districts Previous working Current working Remarks N watershed area area (VDCs/Municipalit (VDCs/Municipalit ies) ies) 13 VDCs and 1 SM: 8 VDCs and 1 SM: Lamachaur, Chapakot, Chapakot, Hemja, Dhikurpokhari, Dhikurpokhari, Kristinachnechau Bhadaure Tamagi, Bhadaure Tamagi, r, Pumdibhumdi Kaskikot, Dhital, Kaskikot, Dhital, and Sarangkot Sardikhola, Salyan, Sardikhola, Salyan, VDCs are merged Kaski Puranchaur, Puranchaur VDCs into Pokhara Sub Lamachaur, Hemja, and Pokhara metropolitan city. Kristinachnechaur, Submetropilitan (During initial Pumdibhumdi and phase we worked sarangkot VDCs and in 9 VDCs and 1 Pokhara Sub Submetropilitan metropolitan) 10 VDCs: No change Arukharka, Bagefadke, Bangsingdeurali, Bhatkhola, 13 Kaligandaki Syangja Phedikhola, Pawaigaude, Thuladihi, Bahakot, Kolma, and Setidhobhan VDCs 6 VDCs: Budathum, No change Mulpani, Phulkhark, 14 Other Area Dhanding Salyantar, Baseri and Aginchok VDCs

Annex 2: Staffs Details Sex Caste/Ethnicity S Duty Mal Wome BC Dali Madhe Other N Position Station e n T JJ t si s Ajaya 1 Lama Driver Pokhara 1 1 Arun Field 2 Adhikari Coordinator Gorkha 1 1 Climate Change Bal Krishna Adaptation 3 Jamarkattel Specialist Nepalgunj 1 1 Climate Change Bijay Raj Adaptation 4 Bagale Specialist Pokhara 1 1 Bimala Banke and 5 Lama Field Officer Dang 1 1 Emergency Livelihoods Binita & Recovery 6 Khanal Officers Gorkha 1 1

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Bir Bahadur 7 Thapa Driver Nepalgunj 1 1 Bishnu Bahadur Program 8 Nepali Officer- GESI Gorkha 1 1 Deepa Admin 9 Gurung Assistant Pokhara 1 1 Communicati on & Deepa Documentatio 10 Shrestha n Associates Pokhara 1 1 Deependra Finance 11 Raj Joshi Officer Nepalganj 1 1 Dev Raj 12 Gautam Team Leader Pokhara 1 1 Climate Change Dr. Deepak Adaptation 13 Rijal Coordinator Kathmandu 1 1 Gupta Bdr Governance 14 K.C Specialist Pokhara 1 1 Gyanendra Prasad 15 Subedi Field Officer Gorkha 1 1 Jamuna 16 Thapa Support Staff Gorkha 1 1 Kamal Finance 17 Paudel Officer Pokhara 1 1 Kaman Singh 18 Gharti Support Staff Nepalgunj 1 1 Kapil 19 Dahal Field Officer Lamjung 1 1 Khusbu 20 Paudel Field Officer Tanahun 1 1 Laxmi Admin 21 Malla Assistant Nepalgunj 1 1 Maiya 22 Chaudhary Support Staff Nepalgunj 1 1 23 Manju K.C. LAPA Intern Pokhara 1 1 Manoj 24 Pariyar Field Officer Kaski 1 1 Manoj Prasad Field 25 Ojha Coordinator Kailali 1 1 Emergency Livelihoods Nabin & Recovery 26 Dhungana Officers Dhading 1 1 Naresh 27 Devkota Field Officer Kailali 1 1 REDD 28 Pabitra Jha Specialist Pokhara 1 1 Prabha Program Jammarkatt Officer 29 el Koirala (M&E) Pokhara 1 1 30 Pramila Rai Support Staff Hetauda 1 1

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Pratima 31 Baral Field Officer Bardiya 1 1 Ram Pratap Bara/Rautah 32 Singh Field Officer at 1 1 Sub Grant Reeja Management 33 Tuladhar Associate Kathmandu 1 1 Reshma 34 Maskey Field Officer Hetauda 1 1 Rupa 35 Nepali Support Staff Pokhara 1 1 Sabitra GESI 36 Dhakal Coordinator Kathmandu 1 1 Samjhana Field 37 Wagle Coordinator Kaski 1 1 Sammar Bahadur Rana 38 Magar Support Staff Pokhara 1 1 Sandeep Field 39 Sharma coordinator Hetauda 1 1 Sandesh Singh Deputy Chief 40 Hamal of Party Kathmandu 1 1 Santosh Field 41 Chaudhary Coordinator Nepalgunj 1 1 Shekhar Bahadur Field 42 Adhikari Coordinator Chitwan 1 1 Program Shyam Officer Bahadur (Watershed 43 Bhandari Management) Pokhara 1 1 Sonam 44 Ojha Field Officer Syangja 1 1 Suresh 45 Bhandari Field Officer Gorkha 1 1 Sushil Kumar 46 Joshi Field Officer Chitwan 1 1 Sushila 47 Kandel Support Staff Chitwan 1 1 Yashoda 48 Sunar Field officer Chitwan 1 1 Total 27 21 28 15 4 1 0 56 58 31 Total % % 44% % % 8% 2% 0%

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Annex 3: The list of the vehicles and equipments

Registration No. (applicable S. Property Item Brand and Model for REMARKS No. Condition motorcycles and vehicles)

Vehicle - Four 1 Wheel Ford Everest – 2012 61-0-78 Functional Pokhara Office Vehicle - Four Nepalgunj 2 Wheel NISSAN Station Wagon 61-0-317 Functional Office Vehicle - Four 3 Wheel NISSAN Station Wagon 61-0-347 Functional Kathmandu Vehicle - Two 4 Wheel Bajaj Pulsar 150cc 61-0-162 Functional Dhangadhi Vehicle - Two 5 Wheel Bajaj Pulsar 150cc 61-0-163 Functional Gorkha Vehicle - Two 6 Wheel Bajaj Pulsar 150cc 61-0-164 Functional Makwanpur Vehicle - Two 7 Wheel Bajaj Discover 135-2009 61-0-74 Functional Nepalgunj Vehicle - Two Hero Honda Super Splendor- 8 Wheel 2011 61-0-107 Functional Chitwan Vehicle - Two Hero Honda Super Splendor- 9 Wheel 2011 61-0-108 Functional Mahendranagar Vehicle - Two Hero Honda Super Splendor- 10 Wheel 2011 61-0-112 Functional Makwanpur Vehicle - Two Hero Honda Super Splendor- 11 Wheel 2011 61-0-113 Functional Lamjung Vehicle - Two Dhading with 12 Wheel YAMAHA Gladiator SS 125 JA.3 PA. 8575 Functional CARE ID#3759 Vehicle - Two Nepalgunj with 13 Wheel YAMAHA Gladiator SS 125 JA.3 PA. 8578 Functional CARE ID#3760 Vehicle - Two YAHAMA Gladiator 2007, G1B BA.24 PA. Pokhara with 14 Wheel NOR 8889 Functional CARE ID#54/17 Vehicle - Two BA.17 PA. Bharatpur with 15 Wheel YAMAHA YBX-125 5323 Functional CARE ID#42/9

Annex 4: Summary of CARE Nepal-Hariyo Ban Program Supported ISWMPs S. Sub- District Location Cove Pre Prepare Impleme Sub- N watershe rage par d/ ntation watershed o. d (in ed revised status coordinatio Km2) year by HBP n committee

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1 Bhat Syangja Bhatkhola, 23.71 201 Prepared 2nd round Yes khola Arukharka, 4 ongoing Bangefadka 2 Dhwang Lamjung Chiti, 28.83 201 Prepared 2nd round Local khola Hiletaksar, 4 ongoing committees Banjhakhet 3 Sardi Kaski Sardikhola 51.17 201 Prepared 2nd round CAMC khola 4 ongoing 4 Tallo Kaski Kaskikot, 29.45 201 Prepared 2nd round Yes Harpan Chapakot, 4 ongoing khola Pumdibhumd i 5 Sukhaura Tanahun Keshavtar, 68.32 201 Prepared 2nd round Yes khola Dharampani, 4 ongoing Bandipur 6 Kerunge Nawalparas Dhaubadi, 133.5 201 Updated 2nd round Yes khola i Shivamandir, 6 3 implemen Pithauli, ted Agyauli, Kawasoti 7 Sirdi Gorkha Gorkha 23.31 201 Existing 2nd round Yes khola municipality 1 complete 1-10, Phinam d VDC-8 8 Pasaha Bara Ratanpuri, 151.4 201 Existing 1st round Local Khola Dummarwan 1 4 ongoing committees / a, CFUGs Manaharwa, Haraiya and Karaiya Nijgadh, Pipara Simara 9 Kyangdi Tanahun & Syangja: 96.76 201 Prepared 1st round Yes khola Syangja Chitre, 6 ongoing Magyam, (supported Kolma, previously in Bahakot, microwater Thuladihi, shed plan Kichanas, at Sankhe) Taksar.

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Tanahun: Bhimad, Bhanumati, Raipur, Firfire, Arunodaya, Suklagandaki (Dhorfirdi) 1 Chandi Rautahat Chandrapur 134.4 201 Updated 1st round Yes 0 khola Municipality, 4 6 ongoing Ramauli-5 1 Kalang Dang Goltakuri 1- 25.39 201 UP-DS 1st round Local 1 khola 9, Hekuli 1-2 6 W/S and implemen committees / simple tation CFUGs plan ongoing 1 Mahitiniy Dang Rajpur 2-7, 35.94 201 Existing 1st round Local 2 a khola 4 ongoing committees / along CFUGs with DSCO 1 Charela Kailali Lamki Chuha 48.00 201 Prepared 1st round Impl. 3 khola Municipality 6 ongoing through 9-15, CFUGs but Sugarkhal 3 planned for & 5 and coordination Prataapapur- committee 8

Annex 5: Summary of ISWMPs implementation completed until Year-V Information/S Sirdikhola-Gorkha Dhwangkhola- Kerunge- ub-watershed Lamjung Nawalparasi Micro- Khalte-Gangate Dhwang khola, Chiti- Upstream: catchments/int Tilahar, Tunibote and Khayarghari, ervention sites Upallo Kanle Koilapani area of Shiva Mandir. Down stream: Bagkhor- Amaltari, Kawaswoti 15 Major Landslide, stream bank Landslide, stream Flash floods, river threats/vulnera cutting, drying of water cutting, water source bank cutting, sand bilities sources, fire drying, open grazing

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deposition and cutting of cultivatable land. Previously Checkdam-3sites-122 Stream bhank Embankment, gabion implemented gabions. protection-Upallo spur and plantation- activities Wattle fencing- 4 sites- kanle, Irrigation 108 metres long in 105 no. canal-Tunibote, Khayarghari. Again Plantation in 2 sites- Pradarshanisthal 30 metres long 30,000 seedlings check dam series- checkdam supported including broom grass. Chiti in the same area as it Awareness program on was partially fire-1. destructed by flood. Spur construction at Hegauli, Kawasoti-14 Year-V Gabion checkdams- 3 Gabion checkdams 36 mtr long (59 implemented sites (22 gabion boxes) (36 boxes) in 2 sites of Gabion boxes) activities Water source protection Chiti-3, Tilahar. spur/embankment in for 60 HHs - intake and Baghkhor at the flood tank construction, pipe destructed site. support, Waterlifting Bamboo plantation pump (from IR 3 jointly) from DSCO support Plantation: with broom will be conducted in grass and native species July, 016. in 2 ha is planned Resource Total: Rs 23, 48, 339.00 Total: NRs 14,52, Total: Rs 10, 55, leveraged in HBP/CARE: Rs 11, 779.00 545.00 total till Year- 61,176.00 DSCO:NRs Gundridhaka V DSCO: Rs 5, 58,557.00 566,344.00 BZCFUG: Rs 1, CIK contributions: Rs 6, HBP/CARE:NRs 00,000.00 31, 336.00 till now. 492,335.00 DSCO: Rs 50, 000.00 (Year-V: HBP- Rs CIK: Rs 394, 100.00 and Bamboo 3,63,363; DSCO- Rs (Year-V: HBP-Rs seedlings. 1,73,226) 270835; DSCO-Rs CIK: Rs 133274.00 1,80,476) HBP/CARE: Rs 772271.00 including of Year-V Rs 369, 987; WIDC: Rs 50 Lakh and DSCO: 18 Lak separately

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Outcomes Around 5 hectors of  30 Ha of agriculture  Khayarghari degraded land has been land irrigated after embankment stabilized, agricultural maintenance of the support has land around the landslide irrigation cannel. protected 60 has been protected and This ultimately households (BCT biophysical condition helps in increasing 2 and Janajati 50) in this area has been more productivity. and 60 Bighas of improved which is  Landslide land but this is shown in below figure. stabilization disturbed by flood.  Reduce soil erosion  Hegauli, Similarly, the water which helps in less Kawaswoti – 14 source has been sedimentation at spurs have benefitted 67 protected and 60 HHs Mid-Marsyangdi River. households (BCT have been benefitted  Protect Chhara 2 and Janajati 65) from this. Barbote and upallo and protected 40

kanle irrigation Bighas land. The sedimentation load cannel which Hegauli site and river cutting to down irrigates about 25 construction is in stream has been Ha of agriculture well condition and significantly reduced by land. community is landslide control and 5  Protect Chiti- satisfied. checkdam construction Bhulbhule earthen  Baghkhor, in various places. road. Amaltari  Protect 7.5 ha area embankment has by stopping river protected 146 HHs cutting. (Bote and Tharu Janajati) and protected 40 Bighas of land.

Activities and Outcomes of ISWMP implementation (Bhatkhola, Sardi, Tallo harpan, Sukhaura, Kyangdi) 1. Bhatkhola ISWMP-Syangja  Kaulekhola river bank protection and landslide control: 67 Gabion boxes are filled which protects the river bank cutting and soil erosion due to which 19 HHs are directly benefited and 150 HHs are indirectly benefited from the activity. In total 169 HHs are benefited protected from the river bank protection activity at Kaulekhola Micro Watershed Area.  Thaunedanda irrigation canal improvement: Irrigation water source head construction is done and 4 inch polythene pipe is extended up to 150 meter for irrigation. It has irrigated 1.5 Ha land at Thaunedanda.

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 Support to improve Smiths' workshop to local smiths for improving their livelihood. The Smiths' workshop provides service to the farmers of 2 VDCs namely; Bhatkhola and Aarukharka.  InYear-V, 2.5 Ha of degraded and barren land with seedlings of 10,938 multipurpose and fast growing species like Bamboo, Broom Grass and fodder species were planted in Gahate Birauta CFUG-Arukharka 5, Lukuwa and Kharidanda Chiruwapani CFUG- Arukharka 6, Dhandko Pakha CFUG-Bhatkhola-5, Kahule Khola micro watershed-Bhat Khola-4. There were more than 434 participants (Dalits-88) in all plantation events. 2. Tallo Harpan ISWMP-Kaski Betenikhola micro catchment:  200 HHs and 36 Ha of agricultural land are directly benefitted while around 500 HHs are indirectly benefitted protecting land from river bank cutting control due to embankment/spurs/gabion check dams.  4 different small seasonal irrigation canals are maintained from which 36 ha of land is irrigated and 200 HHs are benefitted out of which 20 HHs are from Dalit.  It reduces soil erosion, river bed scouring and siltation at Fewa Lake.  In Year-V 1041 plants including 191 Bamboo were planted in 2 hectares area in year 5, 75% survival rate and open grazing has been controlled strictly through VDC (Kaskikot) level decision. There were total 85 people including 50 women, 53 BCT, 7 JJs and 35 Dalits participating in the plantation. 3. Saardi khola ISWMP-Kaski  The Gabion work (14 gabions) at Guhiyekhola reduced the soil erosion and landslide at the bank of stream which ultimately protects the Khaimarang village and 100 ropanis (around 5 ha) of land.  Plantation of 1600 seedlings in 3.5 ha area is supposed to restore the land and conserve soil at Seti Bagar.  Foot trail improvement (under CAPA implementation) is completed at the area which protects the gully formation and helps to make the mobility of local people easy. 4. Sukhaura Khola ISWMP-Tanahun  Shukhaura khola river bank protection by gabion wire and loose stone mechanisms (47 gabion boxes): 18 households (2 dalit, 14 janajati and 2 BCT) are directly benefited by this activity.  Ambote irrigation dam construction in Gudi khola (43 gabion boxes): 15 household (5 Janajati and 10 BCT) directly benefited by this activity. About 6 Ha. Agricultural land irrigated by the help of Ambote irrigation dam.  Muralipani water-hole maintenance: 35 households (26 BCT, 4 Dalit and 5 Janajati) benefitted by the maintenance of Muralipani.  Pardi water-hole maintenance and chamber construction: benefited 80 HHs of Keshavtar Bazaar.  Collection chamber construction in Charipani: 15 households benefited from this activity.

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In Year-V the following activities were completed in Shukhaura khola sub watershed area in support of Hariyo Ban Program.  Musdi khola river bank protection by gabion wire and loose stone mechanisms. 24 gabion boxes filled for reducing the river bank cutting. All total 8 household (5 household Janajati and 3 households BCT) directly benefitted and 50 ropani agricultural lands (khet) restored and protected due to checkdam construction.  Support for pipe line supply in Charipani in which previously we were supported for water tank construction. 15 households directly benefitted from this drinking water supply scheme. Now, drinking water supply reached in every individual house holds. 5. Kyangdi khola microwatershed management plan-Tanahun Protected 35 HHs and about 50 ha of productive agricultural land through Embankment (50 gabion boxes) along side of Sankhe-Tanahun (down stream) where DSCO and DDC provided 20 and 30 gabions respectively (Cost around Rs 200, 000.00). HBP provided Rs 115,000.00 and Community contribution in kind was Rs 108,000.00

Annex 6: Summary of ISWMP implementation ongoing in Year-V Summary of ISWMP implementation-CHAL S. Name of Sub Activities Implementati Total N. watershed on mechanism Budget (NRs) 1 Shukhaura Training on Low cost soil conservation Shukhaura 9000,000 Khola Sub technology, Samdi (Tagare) Khola river Khola sub Watershed bank protection by check dam-Bandipur-6, watershed Phudi (Tagare) Khola river bank protection management by check dam- Bandipur-6, Dumri Gaira coordination Landslide control-Kesavtar-1, Khar danda committee landslide control-Kesavtar-1, RCC Pond construction- Belthumki, Kesavtar-5, Ferro tank construction-Khardada, Keshavtar-1, 2 Bhatkhola Training on Low cost soil conservation Bhatkhola sub 500,000 Sub technology, Thado khola micro watershed watershed Watershed conservation, Galem landslide control, management Sautol water hole maintenance, Pipe coordination support and water hole maintenance in committee Arukharka VDC, 3 days training on agriculture business

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3 Tallo Harpan River embankment for protecting river bank Tallo Harpan 944,554 Sub in Padherkhola and Mohariyakhola sub watershed Watershed Chapakot 1, 2 in Singharekhola Kaskikot 6, management 7, and in Betenikhola Chapakot 7, 8, coordination checkdams to reduce flooding or siltation, committee to improve water supply in Marshekhola Chapakot 6, 7, Low cost soil conservation technology training 4 Shardikhola Checkdams to reduce flooding or siltation to Conservation 559,169 Sub improve water supply in Bhurjung khola Area Watershed micro watershed area Shardikhola 1, Guly Management control in Gahlekharka Shardikhola 4, RCC Committee, pond construction and pipe line support in Shardikhola Ghalekharka, Shardikhola 4, Low cost soil conservation technology training 5 Kyangdi Thuladihi Jhakrithan landslide control, Kyangdi khola 995,589 Khola Sub Kolgaira landslide control, Babiya danda sub watershed Watershed landslide control, Dagdi khola river bank management protection coordination committee Summary of ISWMP implementation-TAL S. Name of Activities in details Expected outcomes Total Budget N. Sub (NRs) watershed 1 Charela  Charela (Chuwa) Khola river -Protect around 16 ha HBP Khola- bank protection by check dam- cultivated land and supported Rs Kailali Lamki-Chuwa Muncipality-12 around 4 ha of Forest 579400. with 36 Gabions in one sites. area. Benefiting around Chuha  Around 3 hectare plantation 50 HHs in both sites. Muncipality with Fencing. -Restoration of 3 ha support Rs  Muncipality is supporting the denuded land through 500,000 riverbank protection work in plantation ward no.12. 2 Kalang 1. River bank protection by -Embankment support HBP Khola-Dang gabion embankment will directly benefit 20 supported construction with 64 gabion HHs and 10 ha of land NRs. 5,96,000 boxes in Goltakuri-6. in downstream site. & DSCO has 2. Plantation in 1 ha area in -Plantation will be supported upstream (Rajakot CFUG). helpful to restore 1 ha of with NRs 3. Brushwood check dam and forest area in upstream 4,00,000 gulley control in 4 sites in

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upstream in micro-catchment supporting in soil areas of Kalang khola. erosion. -Brushwood check dam and gulley control in upstream control the runoff which reduces the soil erosion in upstream and river bank cutting/flooding in downstream areas of Kalang khola. 3 Mahitiniya 1. Riverbank protection through -Riverbank protection HBP CARE khola-Dang spur and embankment with spurs will be supported construction in 4 sites with 81 directly benefit 100 NRs. 7, gabion boxes support. HHs and 50 ha 25,000 and 2. Plantation in 2 ha from HBP agricultural land in the DSCO Dang and 23 ha from DSCO & DFO, area. has supported Dang. -Similarly, Plantation for NRs. 9, will be supportive for 00,000. restoration of 25 ha (23 by DFO & DSCO Dang) riverbank. 4 Pasaha 176 gabion boxes installation as 5 VDCs-Ratanpuri, HBP khola-Bara spurs to redirect Pasaha river to Harai, Karai, Bodhban supported Rs its natural flow way. & Madhuban will be 950,000.00 protected 5 Chandi 90 gabion boxes as spurs to stop Approximately 250 HBP supports Khola- river bank cutting. HHs Rs Rautahat 6,99,999.00

Annex 7: Change monitoring in Dhwangkhola ISWMP-Lamjung Before (2014) After (2015) In (2016)

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Upallo Kanle River bank After the gabion work Stabilized landslide and before river cutting

Demosite before Demosite after the Regeneration of Alnus and conservation work other spps establishing in the Demosite

Tunibote irrigation canal Tunibote canal after Functioning canal now before

Annex 8: Summary of upstream-downstream linkage workshops Upstream Downstream TDVs Forest degradation, Landslide, Fire, River & settlement cutting, sand stone & sand extraction, deposition, flooding, damage of uncontrolled gully erosion, stream cultivated land and irrigation bank cutting, flash flood, road channel, scarcity of water construction, unscientific farming, sources etc

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drying water sources, productivity reduction Ecosystem Timber, fuel wood, fodder, NTFPs, Agricultural products like rice services water, fruits, livestocks (goats, etc, fruits, stone, sand, gravel, chicken etc), recreational value irrigation, water, forest products (Timber etc), vegetables Dependency Upstream on downstream: food Downstream on upstream: grains like rice and wheat, pulses, Stone, NTFPs, other forest vegetables, chicken, dairy products, products (fodder, fuelwood, dry stone/sand/gravel, hard wood timber, leaves) drinking water, irrigation, goats, chickens, dairy products, vegetables, legume species, timber (in churia region) etc Up/Downstream Bioengineering activities, plantation and conservation, landslide & river Linkage bank erosion control through check dams/spurs/embankment, water committed source protection, grazing control, fire control, irrigation, orientation, actions control illegal extraction of sand, boulders and stones, awareness campaigns and programs, issue based interactions, sub watershed level coordination committee formation and registration.

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Annex 9: Case/Success stories

Protecting our giver of sustenance

Halkhoriya CFMC is collaborative forest management committee in Bara district, covering an area about 2038 hectare. It covers 23 VDCs and 2 municipalities. Manaharuwa VDC is one of them. Pasaha settlement located in Manaharuwa VDC is the settlements of landless people who showed unique identity and unity in case of flood plain restoration.

Nearly about twenty years ago, this place in the bank of Pasaha khola was about 20 ha of barren land due to regular flooding in rainy season. It even swept away 5 households and damaged several hectar of farmlands. They had done plantation in 6 ha with the support of the District Forest Office in the past. Only the fact is that they could not synchronize their efforts to sustain their results. It was in 2012 when Hariyo Ban Program initiated Community

Learning and Action Center (CLAC) called as Pasaha CLAC. Flood plain restoration area with an indication of primary succession in Manaharuwa VDC in Bara district It became a platform to raise their prominent issues prevailed in society like flood havoc and to act upon it with collective efforts of community people, different agencies and sectors. CLAC women started Jamun and Bamboo plantation protecting with 300 cement poles and wire fencing. They also actively involved in controlling forest encroachment. Though there were only 25 women in CLAC at the beginning, slowly entire community (about 60 HHs) started to join their hands in flood plain protection and restoration. The planted the seedling together in the hope to restore once-lush flood plain with vegetation. Flood plain restoration is not the one time task. It would take a long time in establishing vegetation in a successive year. Today we can witness the flood plain is getting started to regenerate with primary succession of grasses. It has shown that human intervention can bring back the nature that was destroyed by the results of human acts in the past.

"Previously, the floods from the Pasaha khola used to wreak havoc in our tole and several other villages. Now grasses started to grow which obsrtruct the flood. Later on as the trees would grow, it will hold the soil together and the farms would be more fertile," says Sharmila Thing, chairperson of Pasaha CLAC. Collective efforts of the community have been paved very good foundation for the changes gradually. It also proves that how people and nature conservation go hand in hand together.

Last year too, they again planted 11000 seedlings of Eugenia jambolana (Jamun), Acacia catechu (Khayar), Bombax ceiba (Simal), Dalbergia sissoo (Sishoo), Shorea robusta Gaertn (Sakhuwa), Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn (Masala) and Ficus religiosa L.(Peepal) in that flood plain with fencing. Survival rate is as high as 90%. It can be accredited to joint effort and selfless contribution of community members. Further, this area is guarded by two dedicated persons - Bicharmaan Rumba, 73 and Bir Maan Moktan, 65.

Over the past days, they used to spend time in farming in their own land. But every year flood used to wash away their land. They expressed with pain in very low voice that now only a small patch of land left over. These malicious situations turn them to be bold and take step towards plantation. They said “we are working in this field voluntarily, bringing lunch box from home. We do not expect anything. Our only desire is to protect our offspring and next generation from being displaced from their home”. Now, they use to patrol the plantation site every day to protect their Bicharmaan Rumba, 73 (bottom) and Bir turf and seedlings keeping human and cattle interference to the minimum. Maan Moktan, 65 (top) – two old guards in Pasaha Khola flood plain restoration site in Manaharuwa VDC, Bara district

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Devotion of people from Pasaha tole (community), especially CLAC women and these two brave elderly guards compel us to realise how they perform their duties with sincerity and passion without any greed. They said “we must love and revere the forests and grassland. If we could protect this flood plain, it will help protect our farmland which is our annadaata (giver of sustenance)”. Written by: Kala Kharel, Halkhoriya CFMC, Bara

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Towards the path of good governance Users in Sadabahar community forest users group were not aware about forest management issues. Neither there was an effective implementation of forest operation plan nor had they followed their constitution. They were unknown about provisions mentioned in community forest development guideline.

During 2014, with the aim of improving good governance, Hariyo Ban Program conducted good governance activities in this CFUG. Governance status of CFUG has gradually improved with some remarkable changes. Executive committee has become more inclusive. Currently, there is ethnic representative in chairperson position and women representation in secretary. Their meeting minute reflects the meaningful women participation has been increased in meeting and assemblies because of their influence in decisions. Gradually, women agendas are being addressed and they are involved in decision making process as well. General assembly has supported users group to incorporate their voice in

decision-making process. Women in Sadabahar CFUG

Proper documentation of financial transaction and programmatic issues helped to maintain transparency and accountable towards users. People said “now days we get information related to our forest through letters, public notice and verbal communication”. Governance tools like governance assessment, public hearing and auditing are being conducted regularly.

CFUG member, Manamaiti Tharu says that: "There is great difference between earlier and current days. We are more happy with changing leadership in our community. There used to be misunderstanding and conflict between CFUG committee and users. No feeling of ownership. People used to carry sickles secretly into forest to cut down firewood and grasses. But now, forest resource are well managed as we are given benefits through equitable benefit sharing. Forest resources and well managed and conserved by us and for us and for coming generation".

Sadabahar CFUG was registered in DFO, Banke during 2062 B.S and handed over to community during 2066 B.S. It is located in Fattepur VDC, Jhoraipa ward no. 8. It has an area of 162 ha and 187 HHs. Among which 76 HHs are poor, 62 HHs are medium and 49 HHs are rich. There are about 10 dalit HHs, 162 janajati and 15 BCT HHs. Majority of people depend upon agriculture for their livelihood.

In order to ensure sustainable forest management, community is working towards good governance with the aim of making it a reality. They have started some of the noteworthy livelihood improvement program for poor HHs as pro poor program. CFUG has started selling forest products at different rate based upon well being ranking. Grass and firewood are distributed in free of cost for poor and ultra poor households. During 2072/73, forest products were distributed to 25 poor households at the rate of NRs. 25/- . Various forest management activities like plantation, fencing and cleaning has been done. Hariyo Ban program has supported for development of coordination and successfully completed various activities such as bioengineering, high hand pump, fencing, kurilo farming, unseasonal vegetable farming, improved cooking system, and plantation, climate change sensitization to school students, fire line construction, pig farming and fodder plantation. Coordination with other stakeholders is one of the major strength of this CFUG. Various activities like establishment of distillation unit, kurilo farming, and lemon grass production, oil production from citronella and pal, and fencing are done. During 2015, Sadabahar CFUG is awarded as top most CFUG in Banke district.

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Devi Ram Gharti, a chairman of Sadabahar CFUG says that: "At least executive committee is aware about issues of good governance and other members are gradually motivated towards good governance. They are also aware about provisions of CFD Guideline. Male members in executive committee are positive towards development of women leadership. 50% women are in vital post i.e. Secretary. Women are given not only responsibilities but also opportunities in order to improve capacity. Moreover, women themselves seem to be motivated, get involved in forest management issues. They have started to work for it".

Prepared By: Bimala Lama, Field Officer (Banke and Dang)

Women governing forest The gender role is very important while considering women’s stewardship in the forests. In the last few years, there has been a proliferation of communities protecting forests in Pashupati CFUG, Manahari VDC – 3 in Makwanpur district that covers an area about 167 hectare.

Despite certain percentage of quota for women is mandatory, there was less participation of women in decision making and benefit sharing. Women from diverse ethnic background have some common problem that their voice and choice are given less priority by elite or men. Women were limited to daily chores and household responsibilities. They were not aware about benefits of forest management, women empowerment and several other social issues. They used to extract forest resources haphazardly regardless of consequences.

In 2013, Pashupati CFUG, Manahari VDC-3 allocated 3 ha of area on lease to 25 poor households for five years. The leadership was taken by Laligurans CLAC affiliated to the CFUG. Laligurans CLAC under Pashupati CFUG started managing forest by uprooting invasive species and doing cleaning operation to remove other unwanted regeneration. They also planted 10,000 seedlings of different species. “Except amriso, all other species have survived very well which might be due to heavy rainfall”, says Champa Pariyar, CLAC chairperson. Now the area has turned to greenery and they are getting grasses for livestock and other needs in easy way, need not to walk far away in search of fodder, leaves and grasses for livestock. Over the past days they had to walk minimum 6 hours a day (two-way) to collect leaves and fodder from Rapti river. CLAC members patrolled turn by turn from 11 am to 5 pm every day, one person per day. Even the monsoon rains could obstruct the women from patrolling the nearby forest. They look for intruder that comes to cut down their trees and leave cattle for grazing without permission. They Forest area managed by Laligurans CLAC in Pasupati CFUG warned numbers of people in community who leave their livestock for grazing.

Their success is well acknowledged by other nearby CFUGs. Women in other CFUGs like Manakamana CFUG have self initiated plantation in open space available in their CF. Seeing this progress Panchamaya Syangtan, FECOFUN chairperson says, “Women’s presence had led to better regeneration of forests and more equitable access. Women’s greater presence in CF, indeed, have several demonstrable effects – like forest protection and and management, utilization of waste land, support for livestock management, replication of best practices in other CFUGs”. They tend to have a more effective voice in decisions of forest management and its proper utilization. In overall, women’s enhanced participation have influenced in the nature of decisions to be made, especially regarding the forest rules and its enforcement; it reduces the incidence of rule violations.

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Women from Laligurans CLAC in Pasupati CFUG say:

“We have been putting entire effort in managing and conserving this 3 ha forest area allocated by Pasupati CFUG since 2013. We have realized that women participation increases the effectiveness of protection. We are taking up patrolling and encouraging other village women to do so.

Champa Pariyar, CLAC member says, women’s participation can increase children’s awareness in conservation practices as well. She further told that forest will help to produce clean drinking water and needful forest resources for the village, which in turn help boost crop yields.

Involving women in forest protection can therefore ensure overall sustainability of envrionement and governance institutions.”

Written by: Deepa Shrestha

Exemplary role of ‘Namuna Sikai Kendra’

Sadly, the twelve years old girl, inhabitant of Kawasoti-13, Gairi, Nawalparasi had been victim of gang rape. Addressing this cruel and inhuman incident, this ‘Namuna CLAC’ has displayed exemplary and pivotal role in putting people involved in that incident behind the bar via their consistent social awareness campaign and pressurizing local legal administration (i.e., Police department). Hence, this ‘Namuna CLAC’ has also been able to firmly establish itself as a focal point in a society, which untiringly fight against deeply-rooted any sort of social injustices. This Gairi Gaun located in Kawasoti Muncipality-13 and is actually inhabited by Musahar, Tharu and other dalit communities. Besides, this place is in close proximity of forest areas and ironically this place is far beyond the reach of any sort of services prevailed in urban areas, profoundly entangled with poverty and awareness. This ‘Namuna CLAC’ came into existence and became effective in this community since Falgun 2068 BS through ‘Hariyo Ban Program’. Since then this centre had been effectively working in diverse fields that have direct influence in people’s well-being in particular and society as a whole such as social justice, good governance, upliftment of people’s livelihood, biodiversity conservation, etc. Even without the aid from Hariyo Ban Program, this centre has been consistently undertaking their plans, programs or campaigns. That brutal and inhuman gang rape on 12 years old girl incident took place on 18th Chaitra 2072 BS. The thus victim girl had gone for training of ‘Laathi Naach’ on that day as she was one of the members of cultural group under Musahar community. When she was returning home aftermath of training, she was forcibly grabbed on her way back by three persons (inhabitants of same community) and took her to the nearby football ground where she was raped. When her parents noticed that their daughter did not reach home even by late night then they went for searching her. Eventually, they found their girl in a critical condition which any parents would never dare to imagine of. This incident was notified in the centre the very following day early morning. As quickly as possible, co-ordinator of centre – Kaliya Musahar including some other people in community filed prosecution case in local police station against those three people involved in gang rape. In accordance to Kaliya Musahar, those prosecuted people involved in gang rape threatened them and also tried to lure them with good sum of money in order to stop them from prosecution against them. They were even told by the prosecuted people that how the poor people can fight legal prosecution. In response to such demoralising threatening, Kaliya Musahar responded that they would not stop unless they will get justice no matter what. The struggling committee was formed under the pioneering leadership of centre and were eventually able to put those prosecuted people behind the bars for their brutal crime that they committed via untiring and consistent protest in concerned local police and legal administrative offices, press meeting/press statement to reach their voice to different stakeholders such as political parties, GOs, NGOs including children and woman rights activists. - Yasodha Sunar (Field officer, Chitwan Cluster)

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Earthquake Recovery and Reconstruction

“Hope to overcome pain”

GORKHA: Bimala Pariyar, 25, permanent resident in Simjung-5 never imagined that her world would turn upside down in a moment due to devastating earthquake during 25th April 2015. It has been more than a year, she lost her house. It was being difficult to forget that nightmare but again another loss added to her life, death of her husband. It was beyond tolerance for her. She lost him which was the only hope for rebuilding back better life. After devastating earthquake completely damaged their property, Bimala Pariyar used to work together along with her husband, Arjun Pariyar, aged 30. They were earning to rebuild their home. They were fulfilling daily basic need and education expenses for children. They were financial support and moral support to each other. “When debris removal scheme of nearby school under Hariyo Ban Program launched in our community, we became excited to get an opportunity and to earn more money. He worked 19 days and me 5 days and work was ongoing. But one day early in the morning I saw him tying rope around his neck and hanging on ceiling. I was completely broken and could not speak out even a single word. It was being easier to fight against challenges and loss when there was company and support. When he left me, I was clueless and no idea of carrying on family. My 3 children completely relied upon me. It was difficult for me to find high paid job the only option was daily labor. That time I wasn’t even able to manage money to conduct funeral rituals of my husband. When I asked loan from neighbor, no one believed us. Somehow I managed NRs 10,000 from one of the neighbor and completed funeral rituals”, Bimala Pariyar sheds her tears while telling her story. She earned NRs 14,400, working 24 days at the rate of NRs 600. Through this earning she was able to clear loan that she borrowed to conduct funeral rituals of her husband. She invested other earnings to meet her daily needs. Total amount NRs 11,400 that her husband earned working 19 days was only gift he left before bidding adieu to Bimala Pariyar and her family. DHADING: I am Gauri Dahal, 26 and live in Pithye in Budhathum-6 in Dhading district. I have one 7 years old daughter and I do not have support of my husband. On 25th April 2015 my small thatched house was damaged by Earthquake. I started living in rental room. Several times I tried for initiating small shop but could not turn my dream into reality due to financial constraint. After a long time effort, I became able to open a micro scale transportable shop. But it could not get successful. Due to financial problem I could not manage enough items and business started decelerated day after day. My daily income was not more than seventy rupees.

Green recovery and reconstruction project by Hariyo Ban Program identified of poor, vulnerable and socially excluded (PVSE) women, single women, women headed households in VDC for livelihood support. I was one of Figure 30: Gauri Dahal in her upgraded business them as being a single women and family as a women headed household. On the occasion of world environment day 2016, I got financial support from the program for livelihood improvement. Once again I got an opportunity to revive my small transportable shop. I added extra food items targeting the school children and purchased cart as well. These days I have opened an account in local cooperatives and started saving. In average daily income has reached up more than one thousand and the same amount. It has become great support for fulfilling my family basic needs. By: Binita Khanal and Bishnu Bahadur Nepal

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Annex 10: List of Publications

Year Name of publication Theme of Types of Target Audience # of copies Publication Publicati published on

Year 2 Technical Resources Materials collection for GESI Book Community groups 1000 Local Resource Person

Year 2 Guide Book for Local Resource Person GESI Book Community groups 1000

Year 2 Community adaptation plans for action - Guide Climate Book Community, research groups, educational 500 book change institution, government line agencies, NGOs adaptation and INGOs and other stakeholders

Year 2 GESI in NRM In relation to Climate change - GESI Book Community, research groups, educational 500 Training manual institution, government line agencies, NGOs and INGOs and other stakeholders

Year 2 Preparation and implementation of CAPA Climate Poster Community groups, GLAs, stakeholders 100 (poster with stick at top and bottom) change adaptation

Year 2 Preparation and implementation of CAPA Climate Poster Community groups, GLAs, stakeholders 1000 (poster) change adaptation

Year 2 Integrated climate change adaptation plan - Climate Poster Community groups, GLAs, stakeholders, 100 community and ecological system (poster with change Climate change conference sticks top and bottom) adaptation

Year 2 Integrated climate change adaptation plan - Climate Poster Community groups, GLAs, stakeholders, 2000 community and ecological system (poster) change Climate change conference adaptation

Year 2 National framework of LAPA (poster with sticks Climate Poster Community groups, GLAs, stakeholders 100 top and bottom) change adaptation

Year 2 National framework of LAPA (poster) Climate Poster Community groups, GLAs, stakeholders 1000 change adaptation

Year 3 Adaptation measures in agriculture sector Climate Stickers Community groups, GLAs, stakeholders and 1000 change LRPs adaptation

Year 3 Integration of CC adaptation plan into local Climate Stickers Community groups, GLAs, stakeholders and 1000 development plans change LRPs adaptation

Year 3 Disaster preparedness and mitigatioon of Climate Stickers Community groups, GLAs, stakeholders and 1000 property loss with respect to Unpredictable change LRPs climate induced disaster adaptation

Year 3 Focus on the residential management id Climate Stickers Community groups, GLAs, stakeholders and 1000 physical infrastructure development change LRPs adaptation

Year 3 Proper management of water resources Climate Stickers Community groups, GLAs, stakeholders and 1000 and energy change LRPs adaptation

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Year 3 Human health impacts Climate Stickers Community groups, GLAs, stakeholders and 1000 change LRPs adaptation

Year 3 Adaptation measures to reduce threats in Climate Stickers Community groups, GLAs, stakeholders and 1000 forest and bio diversity sector change LRPs adaptation

Year 3 Major provisions of CFDG (2nd amendment Governance Brochur Community groups, GLAs, stakeholders and 1000 2065) e LRPs

Year 3 Brief introduction of CLAC Governance Brochur Community groups, GLAs, stakeholders and 1000 e LRPs

Year 3 Dhakreswara CFUG, Keshavtaar-9, Tanahun Climate Brief CFUGs, GLAs, stakeholders and community 500 (CAPA) change docume groups adaptation nt

Year 3 Jumdanda Jhapri CFUG, Bandipur-6, 11, Climate Brief CFUGs, GLAs, stakeholders and community 500 Tanahun (CAPA) change docume groups adaptation nt

Year 3 Siddhathani CFUG, Dharampaani-1, Tanahun Climate Brief CFUGs, GLAs, stakeholders and community 500 (CAPA) change docume groups adaptation nt

Year 3 CAPA preparation and implementation - climate Flip Community groups, stakeholders and LRPs 1000 handbook change chart adaptation

Year 3 Rajdevi CFUG, Deurali 5 and 7, Gorkha (CAPA) Climate Brief CFUGs, GLAs, stakeholders and community 500 change docume groups adaptation nt

Year 3 Bhakerjung CFUG, Kaski (CAPA) Climate Brief CFUGs, GLAs, stakeholders and community 500 change docume groups adaptation nt

Year 3 CCA: Initiation of resilient human community Climate Brief CFUGs, GLAs, stakeholders and community 1000 and ecosystem (a case of Dharampaani, change docume groups Tanahun) (CAPA) adaptation nt

Year 3 PES poster (with sticks top and bottom) PES- Poster Community groups, GLAs, stakeholders 100 Sustainable landscape

Year 3 PES poster. PES- Poster Community groups, GLAs, stakeholders 1000 Sustainable landscape

Year 4 Integration of gender into forestry research REDD + and Book Community, research groups, educational 300 - CIFOR GESI institution, government line agencies, NGOs and INGOs and other stakeholders

Year 4 GESI mainstreaming in REDD+ training manual REDD + and Book Community, research groups, educational 300 GESI institution, government line agencies, NGOs and INGOs and other stakeholders

Year 4 Vulnerability assessment and adaptation Climate Book Community, research groups, educational 1000 planning (training of trainers manual) change institution, government line agencies, NGOs adaptation and INGOs and other stakeholders

Year 4 Footprints of change (Mahila Paila) GESI Docume Community, district line agencies and media 500 ntary

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Year 4 Community initiatives on CCA (Jamarko) Climate Docume Community, district line agencies and media 500 change ntary adaptation

Year 4 Carrier of social transformation (Samajik GESI Docume Community, district line agencies and media 500 Rupantaran ka Sambahak) ntary

Year 4 Preliminary assessment for piloting PES in Payment for Brief Community groups, GLAs, stakeholders, 300 Lamjung ecosystem docume Upstream downstream communities of mid services nt marsyangdi region

Year 4 Footprints of change (Mahila Paila) GESI Docume Community, district line agencies and media 500 ntary

Year 4 Community initiatives on CCA (Jamarko) Climate Docume Community, district line agencies and media 500 change ntary adaptation

Year 4 Carrier of social transformation (Samajik GESI Docume Community, district line agencies and media 500 Rupantaran ka Sambahak) ntary

Year 4 VDC Level LAPA (45 different VDC across TAL Climate Book Local government bodies like VDC, DDC; 660 and CHAL) change community groups, stakeholders adaptation

Year 5 Reflecting the past - designing the future The GESI and Book Partner organization, community groups, LRPs 300 proceeding of reflective learning on social governance and stakeholders mobilization

Year 5 GBWB_Soil Conservation and Watershed Watershed Book Government bodies 1000 Management ProgramsActivities Soil managemen Conservation and Watershed Management t ProgramsActivities

Year 5 Hariyo Ban Program Framework for Governance Brief Community groups, stakeholders, GLAs and 200 Strengthening Governance in Natural docume stakeholders Resource Management nt

Year 5 Building Resilience through the Integration and Climate Brief CBA 10 conference, GLAs, stakeholders and 200 Mainstreaming of Climate Change Adaptation change docume partner organization and Disaster Risk Reduction: Lessons from the adaptation nt Hariyo Ban Program in Nepal

Year 5 Perceptions and Engagement of the Private Climate Brief CBA 10 conference, GLAs, stakeholders and 200 Sector in Urban Climate Resilience: change docume partner organization A case study from western Terai, Nepal adaptation nt Synthesis Paper

Year 5 Building Resilience through the Integration and Climate Poster CBA 10 conference, GLAs, stakeholders and 2 Mainstreaming of Climate Change Adaptation change partner organization and Disaster Risk Reduction: Lessons from the adaptation Hariyo Ban Program in Nepal

Year 5 Perceptions and Engagement of the Private Climate Poster CBA 10 conference, GLAs, stakeholders and 2 Sector in Urban Climate Resilience: change partner organization A case study from western Terai, Nepal adaptation Synthesis Paper

Year 5 Measuring effectiveness of adaptation plans Climate Poster CBA 10 conference, GLAs, stakeholders and 2 by using a ‘Health Checkup Tool’: Practices and change partner organization lessons from the Hariyo Ban Program in Nepal adaptation

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