Archaeological Test Pit Excavations in Coddenham, Suffolk 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011
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Archaeological Test Pit Excavations in Coddenham, Suffolk 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011 Catherine Ranson and Clemency Cooper ii Carenza Lewis & Catherine Ranson Archaeological Test Pit Excavations in Coddenham 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011 Catherine Ranson and Clemency Cooper Access Cambridge Archaeology Department of Archaeology and Anthropology University of Cambridge Pembroke Street Cambridge CB2 3QG 01223 761518 [email protected] www.access.arch.cam.ac.uk (Front cover image: COD/11/06 at Manor Farm. Copyright ACA) iii iv Contents 1 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................ 1 2 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 2 2.1 ACCESS CAMBRIDGE ARCHAEOLOGY (ACA) ...................................................................................... 2 2.2 THE HIGHER EDUCATION FIELD ACADEMY (HEFA) ........................................................................... 2 2.3 TEST-PIT EXCAVATION AND RURAL SETTLEMENT STUDIES ................................................................ 3 3 AIMS, OBJECTIVES AND DESIRED OUTCOMES ........................................................................... 4 3.1 AIMS .................................................................................................................................................... 4 3.2 OBJECTIVES ......................................................................................................................................... 4 3.3 OUTCOMES .......................................................................................................................................... 4 4 METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................................................... 5 4.1 EXCAVATION STRATEGY ..................................................................................................................... 5 4.2 CRITERIA FOR SITE SELECTION............................................................................................................ 5 4.3 EXCAVATION METHODS ...................................................................................................................... 5 4.4 ON-SITE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SUPERVISION .......................................................................................... 6 4.5 ON-SITE FINDS IDENTIFICATION AND RETENTION ............................................................................... 6 4.6 TEST-PIT CLOSING AND BACK-FILLING ............................................................................................... 6 4.7 TEST-PIT RECORDING .......................................................................................................................... 7 4.8 FINDS PROCESSING AND RECORDING .................................................................................................. 7 4.8.1 Finds appropriate for recording, analysis, reporting, retention and curation ... 7 4.8.2 Finds appropriate for disposal after recording and reporting .......................... 7 4.8.3 Legal ownership of finds ................................................................................ 8 4.8.4 Curation of Archaeological Finds ................................................................... 8 5 LOCATION ................................................................................................................................................ 9 6 GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................ 13 7 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ............................................................ 14 7.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................... 14 7.2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND..................................................................................................... 17 7.2.1 Prehistoric Period ..........................................................................................17 7.2.2 Roman Period ...............................................................................................19 7.2.3 Anglo-Saxon Period ......................................................................................22 7.2.4 High and Later Medieval Period ....................................................................23 7.2.5 Post-Medieval Period ....................................................................................25 7.2.6 Undated ........................................................................................................26 8 RESULTS OF THE TEST PIT EXCAVATIONS IN CODDENHAM ................................................ 27 8.1 2006 EXCAVATIONS .......................................................................................................................... 28 8.2 2007 EXCAVATIONS .......................................................................................................................... 40 8.3 2008 EXCAVATIONS .......................................................................................................................... 52 8.4 2009 EXCAVATIONS .......................................................................................................................... 62 8.5 2010 EXCAVATIONS .......................................................................................................................... 75 8.6 2011 EXCAVATIONS .......................................................................................................................... 83 9 DISCUSSION .......................................................................................................................................... 94 9.1 PREHISTORIC PERIOD ........................................................................................................................ 94 9.2 ROMAN PERIOD ................................................................................................................................. 94 9.3 ANGLO-SAXON PERIOD ..................................................................................................................... 95 9.4 HIGH MEDIEVAL PERIOD ................................................................................................................... 96 v 9.5 LATE MEDIEVAL PERIOD ................................................................................................................... 96 9.6 POST-MEDIEVAL AND LATER PERIODS .............................................................................................. 97 10 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................... 99 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................... 100 12 REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................. 101 13 APPENDICES ................................................................................................................................... 103 13.1 POTTERY REPORTS – PAUL BLINKHORN .......................................................................................... 103 13.1.1 Pottery Types .............................................................................................. 103 13.1.2 2006 Results ............................................................................................... 107 13.1.3 2007 Results ............................................................................................... 112 13.1.4 2008 Results ............................................................................................... 116 13.1.5 2009 Results ............................................................................................... 119 13.1.6 2010 Results ............................................................................................... 123 13.1.7 2011 Results ............................................................................................... 126 13.2 OTHER FINDS – CATHERINE RANSON & ROBERTA FULTON ............................................................ 130 13.2.1 2006 Finds .................................................................................................. 130 13.2.2 2007 Finds .................................................................................................. 136 13.2.3 2008 Finds .................................................................................................. 142 13.2.4 2009 Finds .................................................................................................. 148 13.2.5 2010 Finds .................................................................................................. 155 13.2.6 2011 Finds .................................................................................................. 161 13.3 MAPS ............................................................................................................................................... 166 List of Figures Figure 1: Map of England with insert map of East Anglia and the location of Coddenham highlighted in red. ...............................................................................................................