DOCSLIB.ORG

From Neglected Space to Protected Place

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
From Neglected Space to Protected Place FROM NEGLECTED SPACE TO PROTECTED PLACE AN ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY OF MOJAVE NATIONAL PRESERVE Prepared for: U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Mojave National Preserve Prepared by: Eric Charles Nystrom Great Basin CESU Cooperative Agreement H8R0701001 March 2003 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I still vividly remember the way I met this thesis. My advisor, Dr. Hal Rothman, casually pitched it to me: “I have a project that would be cool, but it would take a year and probably rearrange your schedule.” Yes, every bit as promised. I really need to thank Dr. Rothman for everything he has done for me. I couldn’t possibly list even a fraction of the debts I owe him, big and small. It will have to suffice to say that he’s taught me a lot, and I’m a much better historian than I ever thought I could be at this stage because of his guidance. I’ll never forget his lessons, the explicit ones and the silent ones alike. I'd also like to convey my deep gratitude to Dr. David Wrobel, Dr. Andrew Kirk, and Francisco Menendez, who served on my M.A. Committee at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, and to Dr. Bill Leslie, my Ph.D. advisor in the Department of the History of Science, Medicine, and Technology at Johns Hopkins University, for his patience as I finish the revisions to this project. The employees of the National Park Service, especially the current and former staff of Mojave National Preserve, have been wonderful throughout the project. They put up with my questions and tolerated my miscues, and I can only hope that this history does them justice. I'd like to specifically thank Dave Anderson, Gordon Chappell, Bob Conway, Jean de los Reyes, Tim Duncan, Kelly Hawk-Mee, Marv Jensen, Mary “Jeff” Karraker, Andy Lesczykowski, Gretchen Luxenberg, Mary Martin, Janet McDonnell, Sean McGuinness, Kristy McMillan, David Moore, Tom Mulhern, Ruby Newton, Dave Paulissen, Gordon Pine, Barbara Schneider, Dennis Schramm, Doug Scovill, Linda Slater, Ted Weasma, and Danette Woo for sharing their experiences, comments, assistance, and time with me. I'd like to acknowledge a professional debt to Elisabeth M. Infield and the late Frank Wheat for their important accounts of the California Desert Protection Act. Like any other historian who might attempt to write about the eastern Mojave, my indebtedness to Dennis iii Casebier is substantial. His well-researched series of books form the backbone of any historical study, and his incredible archive collections are a priceless resource for any future account of the history of the park's lands. My own account of the pre-park history of the area which is now Mojave National Preserve relies heavily on his research, though any mistakes in interpretation are, of course, mine alone. Bill Fullerton, my desert chauffeur, was a tremendous help and an honest friend - how they squeezed such a big heart into such a rough exterior, I’ll never know. My families, the one I’ve had for decades now and the one I formally acquired only months ago, cheered me on through the entire ordeal. I hope Bruce Nystrom and Herbert Nystrom would have approved of my efforts. Rachel Diane Land Nystrom is my best friend in the world. She’s smart, caring, hilarious and tender, beautiful and considerate, helpful, warm and utterly unique. She married me, and I’m the luckiest guy on the planet. I dedicate this text to her. Eric Charles Nystrom Baltimore, Maryland iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS..............................................................................................................iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS........................................................................................................vii One: INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................1 Two: PRELUDE TO SYSTEMATIC FEDERAL MANAGEMENT............................................9 Native Americans and Anglo Contact.........................................................................................9 Grazing......................................................................................................................................16 Mining.......................................................................................................................................21 Railroads...................................................................................................................................27 Homesteading............................................................................................................................31 Modern Roads and Rights of Way............................................................................................33 Modern Military Training.........................................................................................................38 Recreation.................................................................................................................................40 Three: BLM MANAGEMENT IN THE EAST MOJAVE..........................................................46 FLPMA and the Desert Plan.....................................................................................................48 The East Mojave National Scenic Area and the Genesis of the CDPA....................................51 The Political Battle Over the CDPA.........................................................................................60 Four: AN AWKWARD START AND THREATS OF AN EARLY END...................................75 The Dollar Budget.....................................................................................................................86 Five: PLANNING FOR MOJAVE’S FUTURE...........................................................................98 Six: PARK MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION........................................................119 Seven: VISITOR SERVICES.....................................................................................................137 Resource and Visitor Protection..............................................................................................138 Interpretation...........................................................................................................................155 Eight: RESOURCE MANAGEMENT.......................................................................................168 Natural Resources...................................................................................................................168 Cultural Resources..................................................................................................................186 Nine: FUTURES.........................................................................................................................206 BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................................................................................................209 v LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Illustration 1 - Joshua tree and buckhorn cholla..............................................................................2 Illustration 2 - Prehistoric petroglyphs at Indian Well..................................................................10 Illustration 3 - The 7IL Ranch.......................................................................................................18 Illustration 4 - Stone walls of 1880s-era Providence.....................................................................24 Illustration 5 - U.S. Highway 66, Essex, California......................................................................35 Illustration 6 - High-tension power wires and associated infrastructure.......................................37 Illustration 7 - Visitor's center for Providence Mountains State Recreation Area........................41 Illustration 8 - Zzyzx......................................................................................................................43 Illustration 9 - Four-wheel drive vehicles traveling the Mojave Road..........................................55 Illustration 10 - Painted sign opposing S.21..................................................................................65 Illustration 11 - Cross on Sunrise Rock.......................................................................................128 Illustration 12 - Solar panels at Hole-in-the-Wall........................................................................134 Illustration 13 - Mojave National Preserve entrance monument.................................................135 Illustration 14 - Official logo of Mojave National Preserve........................................................136 Illustration 15 - Buildings at the New Trail Mine........................................................................141 Illustration 16 - Graffiti on Kelbaker Road..................................................................................143 Illustration 17 - The Union Pacific Railroad................................................................................145 Illustration 18 - Kelso Depot........................................................................................................156 Illustration 19 - NPS visitors' center at Hole-in-the-Wall............................................................161 Illustration 20 - Lake Tuendae at Zzyzx......................................................................................176 Illustration 21 - Desert cattle.......................................................................................................179
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Use of Radiocarbon Ages to Narrow Groundwater Recharge Estimates in the Southeastern Mojave Desert, USA
    hydrology Article Use of Radiocarbon Ages to Narrow Groundwater Recharge Estimates in the Southeastern Mojave Desert, USA Adam H. Love 1,* and Andy Zdon 2 1 Roux Associates, Inc., 555 12th Street, Suite 250, Oakland, CA 95607, USA 2 Partner Engineering and Science, Inc., 1761 E. Garry Avenue, Santa Ana, CA 92705, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-415-697-6200 Received: 2 August 2018; Accepted: 10 September 2018; Published: 13 September 2018 Abstract: Estimating groundwater recharge in arid or semiarid regions can be a difficult and complex task, since it is dependent on a highly variable set of spatial and temporal hydrologic parameters and processes that are dependent on the local climate, the land surface properties, and subsurface characteristics. As a result, traditional methods for estimating the recharge can result in a wide range of derived values. This is evident in the southeastern Mojave Desert, where calculated recharge estimates by previous investigators that range over an order of magnitude (from ~2500 to ~37,000 acre feet per year) are reported. To narrow down this large span of recharge estimates to narrower and more plausible values, this study evaluates the previous recharge estimates in this region, to examine the sources of variability in the reported results and to constrain the recharge estimates based on the hydrologic conditions and the radiocarbon age-dating of spring flows—even without knowledge of the precise subsurface hydrology. The groundwater age and perennial flow characteristics of springs in this study could not be derived from waters sourced solely from local recharge.
    [Show full text]
  • The Winners Tab
    The Winners Tab 2013 BETTER NEWSPAPERS CONTEST AWARDS PRESENTATION: SATURDAY, MAY 3, 2014 CALIFORNIA NEWSPAPER PUBLISHERS ASSOCIATION INSIDE ESTABLISHED 1888 2 General Excellence 5 Awards by Newspaper 6 Awards by Category 10 Campus Awards normally loquacious violinist is prone to becoming overwhelmed with emotion The Most Interesting Man in the Phil when discussing the physical, psychologi- How Vijay Gupta, a 26-Year-Old Former Med Student, cal and spiritual struggles of his non-Dis- Found Himself and Brought Classical Music to Skid Row ney Hall audience. “I’m this privileged musician,” he said recently. “Who the hell am I to think that I By Donna Evans could help anybody?” On a sweltering day in late August, raucous applause. Chasing Zubin Mehta Los Angeles Philharmonic violinist Vijay Screams of “Encore!” are heard. One Gupta will be front and center this week Gupta steps in front of a crowd and bows man, sitting amidst plastic bags of his when the Phil kicks off the celebration of his head to polite applause. belongings, belts out a curious request for the 10th anniversary of Walt Disney Con- He glances at the audience and surveys Ice Cube. Gupta and his fellow musicians, cert Hall. Along with the 105 other mem- the cellist and violist to his left . He takes Jacob Braun and Ben Ullery, smile widely bers of the orchestra, he’ll spend much of a breath, lift s his 2003 Krutz violin and and bow. the next nine months in formal clothes tucks it under his chin. Once it’s settled, Skid Row may seem an unlikely place and playing in front of affl uent crowds.
    [Show full text]
  • Mojave Trails National Monument for Consideration in the Department of the Interior’S “Review of Certain National Monuments Established Since 1996.”1
    Submitted electronically via regulations.gov July 10, 2017 The Honorable Ryan Zinke Secretary of the Interior U.S. Department of the Interior 1849 C Street, NW Monument Review, MS-1530 Washington, DC 20240 Re: Notice of Opportunity for Public Comment regarding a Review of Certain National Monuments Established Since 1996 Dear Secretary Zinke: California Wilderness Coalition (CalWild), Defenders of Wildlife (Defenders) and the Mojave Desert Land Trust respectfully submit the following comments on Mojave Trails National Monument for consideration in the Department of the Interior’s “Review of Certain National Monuments Established Since 1996.”1 We urge you to recommend the President support Mojave Trails National Monument and uphold the protections afforded by the monument designation. We firmly believe that none of America’s national monuments should be revoked, reduced or subjected to nonconforming uses, with Mojave Trails a prime example of the Antiquities Act intent and purpose. CalWild protects and restores California’s wildest natural landscapes. These important wild places provide clean air and water, refuges for wildlife, and outstanding opportunities for recreation and spiritual renewal for people. Dedicated solely to protecting and restoring the wild places and native biodiversity of California’s public lands, CalWild works with local communities to identify wild places that need protection and builds coalitions in support of protecting these special lands. 1 82 Fed. Reg. 22016 (May 11, 2017). 1 Founded in 1947, Defenders is a national non-profit conservation organization focused on conserving and restoring native species, as well as the habitat upon which they depend. Based in Washington D.C., our organization maintains six regional field offices, including a California Regional Office.
    [Show full text]
  • People of Snowy Mountain, People of the River: a Multi-Agency Ethnographic Overview and Compendium Relating to Tribes Associated with Clark County, Nevada
    Portland State University PDXScholar Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations Anthropology 2012 People of Snowy Mountain, People of the River: A Multi-Agency Ethnographic Overview and Compendium Relating to Tribes Associated with Clark County, Nevada Douglas Deur Portland State University, [email protected] Deborah Confer University of Washington Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/anth_fac Part of the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons, and the Sustainability Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Citation Details Deur, Douglas and Confer, Deborah, "People of Snowy Mountain, People of the River: A Multi-Agency Ethnographic Overview and Compendium Relating to Tribes Associated with Clark County, Nevada" (2012). Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations. 98. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/anth_fac/98 This Report is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Pacific West Region: Social Science Series National Park Service Publication Number 2012-01 U.S. Department of the Interior PEOPLE OF SNOWY MOUNTAIN, PEOPLE OF THE RIVER: A MULTI-AGENCY ETHNOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW AND COMPENDIUM RELATING TO TRIBES ASSOCIATED WITH CLARK COUNTY, NEVADA 2012 Douglas Deur, Ph.D. and Deborah Confer LAKE MEAD AND BLACK CANYON Doc Searls Photo, Courtesy Wikimedia Commons
    [Show full text]
  • Mojave National Preserve: Administrative History
    Mojave National Preserve: Administrative History Mojave Administrative History From Neglected Space To Protected Place: An Administrative History of Mojave National Preserve by Eric Charles Nystrom March 2003 Prepared for: United States Department of the Interior National Park Service Mojave National Preserve Great Basin CESU Cooperative Agreement H8R0701001 TABLE OF CONTENTS moja/adhi/adhi.htm Last Updated: 05-Apr-2005 http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/moja/adhi/adhi.htm[8/6/2013 5:32:15 PM] Mojave National Preserve: Administrative History (Table of Contents) Mojave Administrative History TABLE OF CONTENTS COVER ACKNOWLEDGMENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION CHAPTER TWO: PRELUDE TO SYSTEMATIC FEDERAL MANAGEMENT Native Americans and Anglo Contact Grazing Mining Railroads Homesteading Modern Roads and Rights of Way Modern Military Training Recreation CHAPTER THREE: BLM MANAGEMENT IN THE EAST MOJAVE FLPMA and the Desert Plan The East Mojave National Scenic Area and the Genesis of the CDPA The Political Battle Over the CDPA CHAPTER FOUR: AN AWKWARD START AND THREATS OF AN EARLY END The Dollar Budget CHAPTER FIVE: PLANNING FOR MOJAVE'S FUTURE CHAPTER SIX: PARK MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION CHAPTER SEVEN: VISITOR SERVICES Resource and Visitor Protection Interpretation CHAPTER EIGHT: RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Natural Resources http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/moja/adhi/adhit.htm[8/6/2013 5:32:17 PM] Mojave National Preserve: Administrative History (Table of Contents) Cultural Resources CHAPTER NINE: FUTURES BIBLIOGRAPHY FOOTNOTES INDEX (omitted from the online edition) LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Illustration 1 - Joshua tree and buckhorn cholla Illustration 2 - Prehistoric petroglyphs at Indian Well Illustration 3 - The 7IL Ranch Illustration 4 - Stone walls of 1880s-era Providence Illustration 5 - U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Lesen B2 Hinweise Zum Bearbeiten Der Aufgaben
    Name: Klasse/Jahrgang: Standardisierte kompetenzorientierte schriftliche Reifeprüfung / Reife- und Diplomprüfung / Berufsreifeprüfung 7. Mai 2020 Englisch Lesen B2 Hinweise zum Bearbeiten der Aufgaben Sehr geehrte Kandidatin, sehr geehrter Kandidat! Dieses Aufgabenheft enthält vier Aufgaben. Verwenden Sie für Ihre Arbeit einen schwarzen oder blauen Stift. Bevor Sie mit den Aufgaben beginnen, nehmen Sie das Antwortblatt heraus. Schreiben Sie Ihre Antworten ausschließlich auf das dafür vorgesehene Antwortblatt. Beachten Sie dazu die Anweisungen der jeweiligen Aufgabenstellung. Sie können im Aufgabenheft Notizen machen. Diese werden bei der Beurteilung nicht berücksichtigt. Schreiben Sie bitte Ihren Namen in das vorgesehene Feld auf dem Antwortblatt. Bei der Bearbeitung der Aufgaben sind keine Hilfsmittel erlaubt. Kreuzen Sie bei Aufgaben, die Kästchen vorgeben, jeweils nur ein Kästchen an. Haben Sie versehentlich ein falsches Kästchen angekreuzt, malen Sie dieses vollständig aus und kreuzen Sie das richtige Kästchen an. A B C X D Möchten Sie ein bereits von Ihnen ausgemaltes Kästchen als Antwort wählen, kreisen Sie dieses Kästchen ein. A B C D Schreiben Sie Ihre Antworten bei Aufgaben, die das Eintragen von einzelnen Buchstaben verlangen, leserlich und in Blockbuchstaben. Falls Sie eine Antwort korrigieren möchten, malen Sie das Kästchen aus und schreiben Sie den richtigen Buchstaben rechts neben das Kästchen. B G F Falls Sie bei den Aufgaben, die Sie mit einem bzw. bis zu maximal vier Wörtern beantworten können, eine Antwort korrigieren möchten, streichen Sie bitte die falsche Antwort durch und schreiben Sie die richtige daneben oder darunter. Alles, was nicht durchgestrichen ist, zählt zur Antwort. falsche Antwort richtige Antwort Beachten Sie, dass bei der Testmethode Richtig/Falsch/Begründung beide Teile (Richtig/Falsch und Die ersten vier Wörter) korrekt sein müssen, um mit einem Punkt bewertet werden zu können.
    [Show full text]
  • Alex Gallardo Irene Carlson Gallery of Photography Eyes on the Ball April 11 Through May 20, 2011
    Alex Gallardo Irene Carlson Gallery of Photography Eyes on the Ball April 11 through May 20, 2011 An exhibition of photographs Miller Hall, University of La Verne Photographer’s Statement My start in photojournalism began with a slide show program during a beginning photo class at the University of La Verne. It was presented by a well-known photojournalist at the The Sun in San Bernardino, Tom Kasser. His work opened my eyes. Once I had seen what he could do with a camera, it brought me to see, and not just look, at the world around me. Kasser gave me a goal to strive for, to work at The Sun as a staff photographer. Through my undergraduate career I learned the mechanics of the craft. As a lifetime baseball player I already had the competitive gene so I redirected my passion for athletics toward photography. I took a detour in my quest to be a photojournalist after graduating from ULV. A huge mistake cost me thirteen months of my professional life, and almost the use of my legs. I drove a dump truck backwards over a cliff, spent three months in a hospital and at home in a body cast recuperating from injuries. I spent another nine months in physical therapy learning to walk. Doctors told me that I might not regain the use of my legs or walk without assistance for least five years, if ever. Luckily, I had a great physical therapist. We worked hard every day and prayed to regain the use of my legs. Once I began to walk doctors cleared me to continue as a photographer and stay away from driving trucks.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sherpa and the Snowman
    THE SHERPA AND THE SNOWMAN Charles Stonor the "Snowman" exist an ape DOESlike creature dwelling in the unexplored fastnesses of the Himalayas or is he only a myth ? Here the author describes a quest which began in the foothills of Nepal and led to the lower slopes of Everest. After five months of wandering in the vast alpine stretches on the roof of the world he and his companions had to return without any demon strative proof, but with enough indirect evidence to convince them that the jeti is no myth and that one day he will be found to be of a a very remarkable man-like ape type thought to have died out thousands of years before the dawn of history. " Apart from the search for the snowman," the narrative investigates every aspect of life in this the highest habitable region of the earth's surface, the flora and fauna of the little-known alpine zone below the snow line, the unexpected birds and beasts to be met with in the Great Himalayan Range, the little Buddhist communities perched high up among the crags, and above all the Sherpas themselves that stalwart people chiefly known to us so far for their gallant assistance in climbing expeditions their yak-herding, their happy family life, and the wav they cope with the bleak austerity of their lot. The book is lavishly illustrated with the author's own photographs. THE SHERPA AND THE SNOWMAN "When the first signs of spring appear the Sherpas move out to their grazing grounds, camping for the night among the rocks THE SHERPA AND THE SNOWMAN By CHARLES STONOR With a Foreword by BRIGADIER SIR JOHN HUNT, C.B.E., D.S.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Providence Mountains State Recreation Area 38200 Essex Road Or P.O
    Our Mission Providence The mission of California State Parks is to provide for the health, inspiration and In the middle of the education of the people of California by helping Mountains to preserve the state’s extraordinary biological Mojave Desert, Jack and diversity, protecting its most valued natural and State Recreation Area cultural resources, and creating opportunities Ida Mitchell shared with for high-quality outdoor recreation. thousands of fortunate visitors the cool beauty of the caverns’ magnificent “draperies” and “coral California State Parks supports equal access. pipes” formations. Prior to arrival, visitors with disabilities who need assistance should contact the park at (760) 928-2586. If you need this publication in an alternate format, contact [email protected]. CALIFORNIA STATE PARKS P.O. Box 942896 Sacramento, CA 94296-0001 For information call: (800) 777-0369 (916) 653-6995, outside the U.S. 711, TTY relay service www.parks.ca.gov Providence Mountains State Recreation Area 38200 Essex Road or P.O. Box 1 Essex, CA 92332 • (760) 928-2586 © 2010 California State Parks (Rev. 2017) V isitors to Providence Mountains State that left abundant shell-covered organisms Recreation Area are greeted by the sight on the sea floor. of jagged slopes of gray limestone, topped The shells and plant materials that settled by volcanic peaks of red rhyolite. Located on the sea bottom eventually became on the eastern slope of the Providence limestone. As the restless land heaved Mountains Range, the park lies within the upward, these formations were pushed boundaries of the 1.6-million acre Mojave above the level of the former ocean bed.
    [Show full text]
  • Recovery of Soils and Vegetation in World War II Military Base Camps, Mojave Desert
    UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Recovery of soils and vegetation in World War II military base camps, Mojave Desert Doug V. Prose and Susan K. Metzger Open File Report # 85-234 This report is preliminary and has not been edited or reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. 1 Menlo Park, California. Contents Page INTRODUCTION 4 SETTING 5 METHODS 6 Soil Studies 6 Vegetation studies 7 RESULTS 8 Soils and Surface Hydrology 8 Camp Ibis 8 Camp old Clipper 10 Camp new Clipper 11 Camp Iron Mountain 11 Camp Granite 12 Vegetation 13 Camp Ibis 13 Camp old Clipper 14 Camp new Clipper 14 Camp Iron Mountain 15 Camp Granite 16 DISCUSSION 18 REFERENCES 27 List of Illustrations Figure 1 Desert Training Center, 1942-1944. Figure 2 Recent aerial view of Camp Granite. Figure 3 Location of study area. Figure 4 Contemporary aerial photo of new and old Camp Clipper. Figure 5 Contemporary photo of main camp road at Camp Iron Mountain. Figure 6 Recent photo of road at Camp Ibis. Figure 7 Contemporary photo of vehicle parking lot. Figure 8 Recent photo of parking lot at Camp Ibis. Figure 9 Contemporary photo of tent sites and adjacent tent road. Figure 10 Recent photo of tent sites and tent road at Camp Ibis. Figure 11 Control plot at Camp Ibis. Figure 12, 12a Metzger value system explanation and example. Figure 13 Camp Ibis. Figure 14 Establishment of vegetation in disturbed areas on a previously unvegetated surface. Figure 15 Penetrometer resistance values; Camp Ibis.
    [Show full text]
  • Minority Percentages at Participating Newspapers
    Minority Percentages at Participating Newspapers Asian Native Asian Native Am. Black Hisp Am. Total Am. Black Hisp Am. Total ALABAMA The Anniston Star........................................................3.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 6.1 Free Lance, Hollister ...................................................0.0 0.0 12.5 0.0 12.5 The News-Courier, Athens...........................................0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Lake County Record-Bee, Lakeport...............................0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 The Birmingham News................................................0.7 16.7 0.7 0.0 18.1 The Lompoc Record..................................................20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20.0 The Decatur Daily........................................................0.0 8.6 0.0 0.0 8.6 Press-Telegram, Long Beach .......................................7.0 4.2 16.9 0.0 28.2 Dothan Eagle..............................................................0.0 4.3 0.0 0.0 4.3 Los Angeles Times......................................................8.5 3.4 6.4 0.2 18.6 Enterprise Ledger........................................................0.0 20.0 0.0 0.0 20.0 Madera Tribune...........................................................0.0 0.0 37.5 0.0 37.5 TimesDaily, Florence...................................................0.0 3.4 0.0 0.0 3.4 Appeal-Democrat, Marysville.......................................4.2 0.0 8.3 0.0 12.5 The Gadsden Times.....................................................0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Merced Sun-Star.........................................................5.0
    [Show full text]
  • San Bernardino County California, U
    ADELANTO CITY SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY CALIFORNIA, U. S. A. San Bernardino County. Condado de San Bernardino Officially the County of San Bernardino, is a county located in the Oficialmente, el Condado de San Bernardino, es un condado ubicado en la southern portion of the U.S. state of California, and is located within the parte sur del estado de California en los Estados Unidos, y se encuentra dentro Inland Empire area. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, the population was del área del Inland Empire. A partir del censo estadounidense de 2010, la 2,035,210, making it the fifth-most populous county in California and the población era de 2.035.210, lo que lo convierte en el quinto condado más 14th-most populous in the United States. The county seat is San Bernardino. poblado de California y el 14º más poblado de los Estados Unidos. La sede del condado es San Bernardino. While included within the Greater Los Angeles area, San Bernardino Si bien se incluye dentro del área metropolitana de Los Ángeles, el County is included in the Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario metropolitan condado de San Bernardino se incluye en el área estadística metropolitana statistical area (also known as the Inland Empire), as well as the Los Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario (también conocida como Inland Empire), así Angeles–Long Beach combined statistical area. como el área estadística combinada Los Ángeles-Long Beach. With an area of 20,105 square miles (52,070 km2), San Bernardino Con un área de 20,105 millas cuadradas (52,070 km2), el condado de San County is the largest county in the United States by area, although some of Bernardino es el condado más grande de los Estados Unidos por área, aunque Alaska's boroughs and census areas are larger.
    [Show full text]