DOCSLIB.ORG

Central Africa Editor PHILIP MURPHY Part I CLOSER

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Central Africa Editor PHILIP MURPHY Part I CLOSER 00-Central Africa-Blurb-cpp 7/10/05 6:53 AM Page 1 British Documents on the End of Empire Project Volumes Published and Forthcoming Series A General Volumes Series B Country Volumes Vol 1 Imperial Policy and Vol 1 Ghana (in two parts, 1992) Colonial Practice Vol 2 Sri Lanka (in two parts, 1997) 1925–1945 (in two parts, 1996) Vol 3 Malaya (in three parts, 1995) Vol 2 The Labour Government and Vol 4 Egypt and the Defence of the the End of Empire 1945–1951 Middle East (in three parts, 1998) (in four parts, 1992) Vol 5 Sudan (in two parts, 1998) Vol 3 The Conservative Government Vol 6 The West Indies (in one part, and the End of Empire 1999) 1951–1957 (in three parts, 1994) Vol 7 Nigeria (in two parts, 2001) Vol 4 The Conservative Government Vol 8 Malaysia (in one part, 2004) and the End of Empire Vol 9 Central Africa (in two parts, 1957–1964 (in two parts, 2000) 2005) Vol 5 East of Suez and the Commonwealth 1964–1971 (in three parts, 2004) ● Series A is complete. Further country volumes in series B are in preparation on Kenya, Southern Africa, the Pacific (Fiji), and the Mediterranean (Cyprus and Malta). The Volume Editor PHILIP MURPHY is Reader in Imperial and Commonwealth History at the University of Reading. He is author of Party politics and decolonization: the Conservative Party and British colonial policy in tropical Africa 1951–1964 (Oxford, 1995), and Alan Lennox-Boyd: a biography (London, 1999) 01A-Map of Africa 7/10/05 6:56 AM Page 2 GABON R. Kwa BELGIAN CONGO R . Kasai Leopoldville Port Francqui Kenge Mombasa R. Congo Kigoma Matadi Albertville Mpanda Zanzibar Mikumi Dar-es-Salaam Kabonga Kamina Abercorn Tunduma TANGANYIKA Fort Rosebery Tenke ANGOLA Elizabethville Vila Luso Mwinilunga Lobito Ndola Benguela NYASALAND Kapiri Fort Jameson Salima M’poshi NORTHERN Mozambique Broken Hill RHODESIA Zomba bezi Lusaka R. Zam Tete Blantyre Kafue BAROTSE -LAND Kariba Dam Livingstone Salisbury MOZAMBIQUE Wankie SOUTHERN Umtali RHODESIA Vila Pery Bulawayo Beira SOUTH Serowe INDIAN OCEAN WEST BECHUANALAND Beitbridge AFRICA Komatipoort Pretoria Lourenço Marques Johannesburg SWAZI -LAND Ladysmith REFERENCE International Boundaries Bloemfontein Pipe-line BASUTO ROADS UNION OF Durban -LAND Waterproof Surface ATLANTIC OCEAN SOUTH Colesburg Gravel or Laterite Surface Natural Surface AFRICA RAILWAYS MAIN ROUTES 3’ 6” Gauge Metre Gauge East London Projected Cape Town Port Elizabeth I.W.T. Connections PORTS East London Scale Copper Belt Miles 200 100 0 200 400 600 Miles CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN AFRICA CIRCA 1959 01-Central Africa-Prelims-cpp 7/10/05 6:54 AM Page i Central Africa 01-Central Africa-Prelims-cpp 7/10/05 6:54 AM Page ii The British Documents on the End of Empire Project gratefully acknowledges the generous assistance of the Arts and Humanities Research Board. The Project has been undertaken under the auspices of the British Academy. To Christina, Alex and Nicholas 01-Central Africa-Prelims-cpp 7/10/05 6:54 AM Page iii BRITISH DOCUMENTS ON THE END OF EMPIRE General Editor S R Ashton Project Chairman A N Porter Series B Volume 9 Central Africa Editor PHILIP MURPHY Part I CLOSER ASSOCIATION 1945–1958 Published for the Institute of Commonwealth Studies in the University of London LONDON: TSO 01-Central Africa-Prelims-cpp 7/10/05 6:54 AM Page iv First published 2005 © The Stationery Office 2005 Introduction © Philip Murphy, 2005 Documents from The National Archives © Crown copyright Crown copyright material used by permission of The National Archives under licence from the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the permission of the Publishers Applications for reproduction of government documents in this work should be addressed to the Copyright Officer, The National Archives, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 4DU Applications for reproduction of any other part of this work should be addressed to the publisher: The Stationery Office, St Crispins, Duke Street, Norwich, NR3 1PD ISBN 0 11 290586 2 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library If you wish to receive future volumes from the British Documents on the End of Empire project, please write to TSO, Standing Order Department, PO Box 29, St Crispins, Duke Street, NORWICH NR3 1GN, or telephone on 0870 600 5522, quoting classification reference numbers 04 03 017 and 04 03 018 Published by TSO (The Stationery Office) and available from: Online www.tsoshop.co.uk Mail, Telephone, Fax & E-mail TSO PO Box 29, Norwich NR3 1GN Telephone orders/General enquiries: 0870 600 5522 Fax orders 0870 600 5533 E-mail: [email protected] Textphone 0870 240 3701 TSO Shops 123 Kingsway, London WC2B 6PQ 020 7242 6393 Fax 020 7242 6394 68–69 Bull Street, Birmingham B4 6AD 0121 236 9696 Fax 0121 236 9699 9–21 Princess Street, Manchester M60 8AS 0161 834 7201 Fax 0161 833 0634 16 Arthur Street, Belfast BT1 4GD 028 9023 8451 Fax 028 9023 5401 18–19 High Street, Cardiff CF10 1PT 029 2039 5548 Fax 029 2038 4347 71 Lothian Road, Edinburgh EH3 9AZ 0870 606 5566 Fax 0870 606 5588 TSO Accredited Agents (see Yellow Pages) and through good booksellers Printed in the UK by the Stationery Office, London ID 000000 11/05 C5 990646 01-Central Africa-Prelims-cpp 7/10/05 6:54 AM Page v Contents page Foreword vii Central Africa: Schedule of contents: parts I–II xv Abbreviations: part I xvii Principal holders of offices 1945–1958: part I xix Chronological Table of principal events: parts I–II xxiii Introduction xxvii Notes to Introduction cvii Summary of documents: part I cxvii Documents: part I 1 Index: parts I–II 437 MAP Central and Southern Africa circa 1959 vi 01-Central Africa-Prelims-cpp 7/10/05 6:54 AM Page vi 01-Central Africa-Prelims-cpp 7/10/05 6:54 AM Page vii vii Foreword The main purpose of the British Documents on the End of Empire Project (BDEEP) is to publish documents from British official archives on the ending of colonial and associated rule and on the context in which this took place. In 1945, aside from the countries of present-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Burma, Britain had over fifty formal dependencies; by the end of 1965 the total had been almost halved and by 1985 only a handful remained. The ending of Britain’s position in these formal dependencies was paralleled by changes in relations with states in an informal empire. The end of empire in the period at least since 1945 involved a change also in the empire as something that was more than the sum of its parts and as such formed an integral part of Britain’s domestic affairs and international relations. In publishing official British documents on the end of empire this project is, to a degree, the successor to the two earlier series of published documents concerning the end of British rule in India and Burma which were edited by Professors Mansergh and Tinker respectively. The successful completion of The transfer of power and The struggle for independence,1 both of which were based on British records, emphasised the need for similar published collections of documents important to the history of the final stages of Britain’s association with other dependencies in Africa, the Middle East, the Caribbean, South-East Asia and the Pacific. These documents are crucial research tools for scholars both from sovereign independent states which emerged from colonial rule as well as those from Britain itself. BDEEP is also set in the much wider context of the efforts made by successive British governments to locate Britain’s position in an international order. Here the empire, both in its formal and informal senses, is viewed as an instrument of the domestic, foreign and defence policy of successive British governments. The project is therefore concerned with the ending of colonial rule in individual territories as seen from the British side at one level, and the broader political, economic and strategic considerations involved in that at another. Despite the similarities, however, BDEEP differs in significant ways from its predecessors in terms both of presentation and content. The project is of greater magnitude than that undertaken by Professor Mansergh for India. Four major differences can be identified. First, the ending of colonial rule within a dependent empire took place over a much longer period of time, extending into the final years of the twentieth century while having its roots in the Second World War and before. Secondly, the empire consisted of a large number of territories, varying in area, population, wealth and in many other ways, each with its own individual problems but often with their futures linked to those of neighbouring territories and the 1 Nicholas Mansergh el al, eds, Constitutional relations between Britain and India: the transfer of power 1942–47 12 vols (London, 1970–1983); Hugh Tinker, ed, Constitutional relations between Britain and Burma: the struggle for independence 1944–1948 2 vols (London, 1983–1984). 01-Central Africa-Prelims-cpp 7/10/05 6:54 AM Page viii viii FOREWORD growing complexity surrounding the colonial empire. Thirdly, while for India the documentary record for certain matters of high policy could be encapsulated within a relatively straightforward ‘country’ study, in the case of the colonial empire the documentary record is more diffuse because of the plethora of territories and their scattered location.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 the African Dimension to the Anti-Federation Struggle, C.1950-53
    ‘It has united us far more closely than any other question would have accomplished’.1 The African Dimension to the Anti-Federation Struggle, c.1950-53 The documentary record of African opposition to the C[entral] A[frican] F[ederation] has been the subject renewed historiographical interest in recent years.2 This paper seeks to contribute to the existing debate in three principle ways. Firstly, it will be shown that opposition to the scheme was fatally undermined by the pursuit of two very distinct strands of N[yasaland] A[frican] C[ongress] and A[frican] N[ational] C[ongress] political activism. This dissimilar political discourse produced contradictions that resulted in the bypassing African objections. In the third instance, the paper will go a step further, suggesting that the two respective anti-Federation campaigns not only undermined Congress efforts to stop federation, but laid the path for future discord in the national dispensation then materialising. In 1988, John Darwin wrote that ‘with its telescope clapped firmly to its ear, London declared that [African] opposition [to Federation] could be neither seen nor heard’.3 The well-worn historiographical path points to the fact that African opposition was effectively ignored on the basis that ‘partnership’ between white settlers and black Africans in Northern and Southern Rhodesia and Nyasaland offered a strong rationale for the CAF. The requisite benefits arising would see the promotion of African economic opportunities, the placation of settler politicians seeking to reduce the influence of the Colonial Office and the preservation of British influence in the region.4 The utility of ‘partnership’ was in its ambiguity.
    [Show full text]
  • General Assembly Resolution Were Reserved for the Europeans Alone
    United Nations FOURTH COMMITTEE, 1363rd GENERAL MEETING ASSEMBLY Friday, 26 October 1962, at 3,45 p.m. SEVENTEENTH SESSION 0 f/icial Records • NEW YORK CONTENTS failed to appreciate the seriousness of the crisis Page threatening Southern Rhodesia. Agenda item 56: 3. During the forty years which had elapsed since Question of Southern Rhodesia: report of the the first Constitution had been granted to the settlers Special Committee established under Gen­ in 1923, the Government of Southern Rhodesia had eral Assembly resolution 1654 (XVI) (con­ done practically nothing to prepare the people for tinued) self-government. Now a new Constitution was about to General debate (continued). • . 221 be introduced in order to perpetuate white domination for centuries to come. The people of Southern Rho­ Chairman: Mr. Guillermo FLORES AVENDANO desia had shown great tolerance during the longyears of white minority rule, but no self-respecting people (Guatemala). would be content with fifteen seats in the legislatl}re to represent 3 million as against fifty seats for the 250,000 white settlers. Over the years the white In the absence of the Chairman, Mr. Nabavi (Iran), settler Parliament in Southern Rhodesia had enacted Vice-Chairman, took the Chair. many repressive laws which had turned the country into a police State in the heart of the peaceful African continent. The Africans in Southern Rhodesia were AGENDA ITEM 56 subjected to economic exploitation; their wages were Question of Southern Rhodesia: report of the Special Com­ kept below subsistence level and certain positions mittee established under General Assembly resolution were reserved for the Europeans alone.
    [Show full text]
  • Database of Mineral Resources of Zambia
    International Workshop on UNFC-2009 DATABASEDATABASE OFOF MINERALMINERAL – Theory and Practice RESOURCESRESOURCES OFOF ZAMBIAZAMBIA Warsaw, 21-22 June 2010 By Prof. Imasiku Nyambe & Cryton Phiri University of Zambia, Geology Department, Lusaka-Zambia PRESENTATIONPRESENTATION LAYOUTLAYOUT y Introduction y Regional Geological Setting y Stratigraphy y Geology and Mineral Resources y Mining Administration Of Mineral Resource y Regional Mapping y Geochemical Survey y Mineral Resource Exploration y Mineral Resource Evaluation y Mineral Potential y Conclusion y References IntroductionIntroduction y Zambia is a landlocked country in Southern Africa with a total area of 752,614km² and with a population of 12 million people. Located well in the tropics and enjoys a sunny climate with three distinct seasons. The country is endowed with mineral resources and since 1930s the mining industry has been the economic backbone of Zambia. RegionalRegional GeologicalGeological SettingSetting y Zambia is a vivacious country forming a natural hub for the regions diverse activities. Its diverse mineral endowment is entirely a function of the variety of geological terrains and the multiplicity of thermal tectonic events that have overprinted and shaped these terrains. Position of Zambia RegionalRegional GeologicalGeological SettingSetting Zambia’s geological terrains y The multiplicity of tectono‐thermal events reflect somewhat a complex geology. These differential movements have played an important role in the geological evolution and the genesis of the country’s
    [Show full text]
  • Africa: Background, May 1977, Part 3
    , , . STATE~iENT OF PRINCIPLES OF U. S. FIRNS WITH AFFILIATES IN THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA . 1. Non-segregation of the races in all eating, comfort, and ,,,ork facili ties. 2. Eoual, and fair .employment practices for all employees. 3. Equal pay for all employees doing equal or comparable work for the same period of t~me. 4 • Initiation of and development of training program~ that will prepare, in substan~ial numbers, blacks and,other non-whites for supervisory, administrative, clerlcal, and t echnical jobs. ~ . 5 . Incr~asing the number of blacks and other non-~lites in manag~ment and supervisory positions. 6. Improving the qualitY ' of employees' lives outside the work cnvi rO])Hl en t in such are as as hOl.S ing, tl'?nsporta U 0] )" school i ng, recreation and health facilities. We :lg 'r- Ct:: to fU 'rther implement these principles . Wh<;!te,J j~P l. (;':.:J:: : 1J~ E . ~.... iol1 requires a modification of existjng' South African . '\mrkir.q . con(iit:Lc:-;s . I we will seek s uch modification throug]l appropriate' ch ~ nnels. , . We be 1 i eve that the implementation of the foregoing pri n::.5.ples . Is t. consistent with respect for human dignity and will con t ribute grea t ly I to the general e~o;)omic vlelfare of all the people of the Republic. of South Afl"ica ~ . ; .' • • . r • •• t ... •..... h • • • • _ .... .t ... ;" ~ . " . , .t· - .- MEMORANDUM OFFICE OF THE VICE PRESIDENT WASHINGTON UNCLASSIFIED INFORMATION Memo No. 861-77 April 20, 1977 MEMORANDUM FOR THE VICE PRESIDENT THRU: Denis Clift ~ FROM: Jay Katzen ~ SUBJECT: Anatomy of a Rebel, by Peter Joyce Attached, at Tab A, is a synopsis of the subject book, as you requested.
    [Show full text]
  • Land Concentration, Labour and Institutional Control
    Land Concentration, Intistutional Control and African Agency - Growth and Stagnation of European Tobacco Farming in Shire Highlands, c. 1900-1940 Green, Erik 2012 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Green, E. (2012). Land Concentration, Intistutional Control and African Agency - Growth and Stagnation of European Tobacco Farming in Shire Highlands, c. 1900-1940. (Lund Papers in Economic History; No. 125). Department of Economic History, Lund University. Total number of authors: 1 General rights Unless other specific re-use rights are stated the following general rights apply: Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Read more about Creative commons licenses: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. LUND UNIVERSITY PO Box 117 221 00 Lund +46 46-222 00 00 No. 125, 2012 Development Economics Land Concentration, Institutional Control and African Agency Growth and stagnation of European tobacco farming in Shire Highlands, c 1900 – 1940 Erik Green DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC HISTORY, LUND UNIVERSITY Lund Papers in Economic History ISRN LUSADG-SAEH-P--12/125--SE+32 © The author(s), 2012 Orders of printed single back issues (no.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Zimbabwe, 1890-2000 and Postscript, Zimbabwe, 2001-2008
    A History of Zimbabwe, 1890-2000 and Postscript, Zimbabwe, 2001-2008 A History of Zimbabwe, 1890-2000 and Postscript, Zimbabwe, 2001-2008 By Chengetai J. M. Zvobgo A History of Zimbabwe, 1890-2000 and Postscript, Zimbabwe, 2001-2008, by Chengetai J. M. Zvobgo This book first published 2009 Cambridge Scholars Publishing 12 Back Chapman Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2XX, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2009 by Chengetai J. M. Zvobgo All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-1360-5, ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-1360-0 To Kelebogile Clara and Ruvimbo Heather And to the memory of Eddison. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements .................................................................................. xiii Preface....................................................................................................... xv Summary ................................................................................................. xvii Introduction ............................................................................................... 1 Chapter One............................................................................................. 11 From the Occupation of Mashonaland to the Ndebele and Shona Risings,
    [Show full text]
  • Losing an Empire, Losing a Role?: the Commonwealth Vision, British Identity, and African Decolonization, 1959-1963
    LOSING AN EMPIRE, LOSING A ROLE?: THE COMMONWEALTH VISION, BRITISH IDENTITY, AND AFRICAN DECOLONIZATION, 1959-1963 By Emily Lowrance-Floyd Submitted to the graduate degree program in History and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Chairperson Dr. Victor Bailey . Dr. Katherine Clark . Dr. Dorice Williams Elliott . Dr. Elizabeth MacGonagle . Dr. Leslie Tuttle Date Defended: April 6, 2012 ii The Dissertation Committee for Emily Lowrance-Floyd certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: LOSING AN EMPIRE, LOSING A ROLE?: THE COMMONWEALTH VISION, BRITISH IDENTITY, AND AFRICAN DECOLONIZATION, 1959-1963 . Chairperson Dr. Victor Bailey Date approved: April 6, 2012 iii ABSTRACT Many observers of British national identity assume that decolonization presaged a crisis in the meaning of Britishness. The rise of the new imperial history, which contends Empire was central to Britishness, has only strengthened faith in this assumption, yet few historians have explored the actual connections between end of empire and British national identity. This project examines just this assumption by studying the final moments of decolonization in Africa between 1959 and 1963. Debates in the popular political culture and media demonstrate the extent to which British identity and meanings of Britishness on the world stage intertwined with the process of decolonization. A discursive tradition characterized as the “Whiggish vision,” in the words of historian Wm. Roger Louis, emerged most pronounced in this era. This vision, developed over the centuries of Britain imagining its Empire, posited that the British Empire was a benign, liberalizing force in the world and forecasted a teleology in which Empire would peacefully transform into a free, associative Commonwealth of Nations.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rhodesian Crisis in British and International Politics, 1964
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Birmingham Research Archive, E-theses Repository THE RHODESIAN CRISIS IN BRITISH AND INTERNATIONAL POLITICS, 1964-1965 by CARL PETER WATTS A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham For the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Historical Studies The University of Birmingham April 2006 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract This thesis uses evidence from British and international archives to examine the events leading up to Rhodesia’s Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) on 11 November 1965 from the perspectives of Britain, the Old Commonwealth (Canada, Australia, and New Zealand), and the United States. Two underlying themes run throughout the thesis. First, it argues that although the problem of Rhodesian independence was highly complex, a UDI was by no means inevitable. There were courses of action that were dismissed or remained under explored (especially in Britain, but also in the Old Commonwealth, and the United States), which could have been pursued further and may have prevented a UDI.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 the Meanings of Boundaries: Contested Landscapes of Resource
    The Meanings of Boundaries: Contested Landscapes of Resource Use in Malawi Peter A. Walker Department of Geography, University of Oregon Eugene, OR 97403-1251 [email protected] Fax: (541) 346-2067 Pauline E. Peters Harvard Institute for International Development, Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138 [email protected] Fax: (617) 495-0527 Stream: Multiple Commons Discipline: Geography/Anthropology This paper examines the changing meanings of boundaries that demarcate community, private, and public land in Malawi and their roles in shaping resource use. Boundaries have long been a central concept in many social science disciplines, and recently considerable attention has been given to the ways that boundaries—whether physical or socio-cultural—are socially constructed and contested. In some cases landscapes are said to reflect multiple overlapping or multi-layered boundaries asserted by competing social groups. In other cases boundaries are said to be blurred, or even erased, through social contests and competing discourses. The authors of this paper, one a geographer, one an anthropologist, suggest that such choices in analytical language and metaphors tend to obscure certain key social dynamics in which boundaries play a central role. Specifically, the paper argues that in the two case studies presented from southern and central Malawi, social contests focus not on competing (‘overlapping’, or ‘multi-layered’) sets of spatially-defined boundaries but over the meanings of de jure boundaries that demarcate community, private, and state land. In asserting rights to use resources on private and state land, villagers do not seek to shift or eliminate the boundaries marking community and private or state land or to assert alternative sets of spatial boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Property Rights, Land and Territory in the European Overseas Empires
    Property Rights, Land and Territory in the European Overseas Empires Direitos de Propriedade, Terra e Território nos Impérios Ultramarinos Europeus Edited by José Vicente Serrão Bárbara Direito, Eugénia Rodrigues and Susana Münch Miranda © 2014 CEHC-IUL and the authors. All rights reserved. Title: Property Rights, Land and Territory in the European Overseas Empires. Edited by: José Vicente Serrão, Bárbara Direito, Eugénia Rodrigues, Susana Münch Miranda. Editorial Assistant: Graça Almeida Borges. Year of Publication: 2014. Online Publication Date: April 2015. Published by: CEHC, ISCTE-IUL. Avenida das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal. Tel.: +351 217903000. E-mail: [email protected]. Type: digital edition (e-book). ISBN: 978-989-98499-4-5 DOI: 10.15847/cehc.prlteoe.945X000 Cover image: “The home of a ‘Labrador’ in Brazil”, by Frans Post, c. 1650-1655 (Louvre Museum). This book incorporates the activities of the FCT-funded Research Project (PTDC/HIS-HIS/113654/2009) “Lands Over Seas: Property Rights in the Early Modern Portuguese Empire”. Contents | Índice Introduction Property, land and territory in the making of overseas empires 7 José Vicente Serrão Part I Organisation and perceptions of territory Organização e representação do território 1. Ownership and indigenous territories in New France (1603-1760) 21 Michel Morin 2. Brazilian landscape perception through literary sources (16th-18th centuries) 31 Ana Duarte Rodrigues 3. Apropriação econômica da natureza em uma fronteira do império atlântico 43 português: o Rio de Janeiro (século XVII) Maria Sarita Mota 4. A manutenção do território na América portuguesa frente à invasão espanhola da 55 ilha de Santa Catarina em 1777 Jeferson Mendes 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Flag of Defiance – the International Use of the Rhodesian Flag Following Udi
    FLAG OF DEFIANCE – THE INTERNATIONAL USE OF THE RHODESIAN FLAG FOLLOWING UDI BRUCE BERRY University of Pretoria ([email protected] ; +27 82 909 5829) Abstract The international response to Rhodesia’s Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) was to proclaim the colony to be in a state of rebellion, the government in Salisbury to be illegal, and to request the United Nations to apply sanctions against the ‘rebel regime’. The ensuing political impasse resulted in the need to promote a more distinctive national identity and the symbols to reflect this newfound independence. The first, and most obvious, change came with the adoption of a new national flag on the third anniversary of UDI on 11 November 1968. As the most visible symbol of post-UDI Rhodesia, the international use and display of the new flag became the subject of demonstration and controversy. This paper shows how the green and white Rhodesian flag came to highlight Rhodesia’s contested statehood when flown outside the country during the UDI period. Rhodesia’s new flag became a symbol of the country’s defiance, and the emotion it evoked, and continues to evoke, causes controversy even to this day. Keywords: Rhodesia, symbols, flags 1 1. INTRODUCTION After years of fruitless negotiations on the issue of independence, at 11 a.m. on 11 November 1965 (the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month) Rhodesian Prime Minister Ian Smith and his Cabinet signed a Proclamation of Independence from the British Parliament, whilst retaining loyalty to the person of the Monarch as the Queen of Rhodesia.1 The immediate response by the British Government to this Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) was to proclaim Rhodesia to be in a state of rebellion, the Government in Salisbury to be illegal and to request the United Nations to apply sanctions against the ‘rebel regime’.
    [Show full text]
  • A Right to Land?
    Aadfadffa rightdfdadfadf to land? Population density and land rights in Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe, 1923-2013 Jenny de Nobel UNIVERSITEIT LEIDEN July 2016 A right to land? Population density and land rights in Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe, 1923-2013 A MASTER THESIS by Jenny de Nobel s1283545 Supervised by: prof. dr. Jan-Bart Gewald Second reader: dr. Marleen Dekker ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to prof. Bas van Bavel for introducing me to the academic study of long-term economic patterns. Discerning the drivers of change and essentially questioning how the foundations of societies lead to certain paths of development has inspired much of my work as a student of history. Prof. Nick Vink and prof. Ewout Frankema helped me channel this interest to an area that has been noticeably absent in the literature on questions of global development or the 'Great Divergence': Africa. I can only hope that this study can help fill that hiatus. My gratitude to dr. Cátia Antunes and prof. Robert Ross for sharing their thoughts with me and guiding me through the myriad of ideas that were once the momentum of this thesis. Many thanks to prof. Jan-Bart Gewald for his guidance, support and open-minded approach to my ideas, and dr. Dekker for her comments. Lastly, thanks to my friends and family who kept me going throughout this journey. Your support was invaluable, and this work would not be there without it. Two people, especially, made this possible, and how lucky I am that they are my parents: thank you for your endless faith.
    [Show full text]