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Diccionario Hidrografico ORGANIZACION HIDROGRAFICA INTERNACIONAL DICCIONARIO HIDROGRAFICO 20 Parte Publicacion especial nE 32 VERSION ESPAÑOLA DE LA QUINTA EDICION DE LA 10 Parte Volumen I MONACO 1996 300-VIII-1996 S-32 ORGANIZACION HIDROGRAFICA INTERNACIONAL DICCIONARIO HIDROGRAFICO 20 Parte Publicacion especial nE 32 VERSION ESPAÑOLA DE LA QUINTA EDICION DE LA 10 Parte Volumen I MONACO 1996 P R E F A C I O La preparación de la 50 Edición del Diccionario Hidrográfico (S-32) Parte I, Volumen I (en Inglés), editada a fines de 1994, estuvo a cargo del Grupo de Trabajo (WG-S-32) de la Organización Hidrográfica Internacional. Durante el período de revisión, ese Grupo fue presidido por el Sr. H. P. ROHDE, Asesor Técnico del Bureau, e integrado por miembros de Argentina, Croacia, Estados Unidos de América y Francia. La traducción al Español, efectuada originalmente por el Servicio de Hidrografía Naval de Argentina y revisada por el Instituto Hidrográfico de la Marina de España, con respecto a la 40 Edición, fue actualizada con la 50 Edición arriba indicada. Dicha actualización fue coordinada por el miembro argentino del WG-S-32, con la asistencia del Servicio Hidrográfico de su país y bajo la supervisión del Presidente del Grupo. Esta primera presentación es perfectible en la medida que los usuarios detecten falencias y aporten sugerencias para su mejora, asimismo requiere la incorporación de regionalismos no contemplados hasta el momento y que son propios del vasto ámbito hidrográfico de habla hispana. Toda observación al respecto será bien recibida por el presidente del WG-S-32 en la sede del Bureau. El BHI agradece la colaboración de los Servicios Hidrográficos de Argentina y España que han hecho posible la publicación de este volumen. __________ I N T R O D U C C I O N Con el objeto de darle prioridad a la consulta de normas y bibliografía, predominante- mente en Inglés, se ha mantenido la numeración de la S - 32 Parte I Volumen I, que corresponde al ordenamiento alfabético de los términos en esa lengua. Luego sigue la traducción del vocablo, o expresión equivalente, al Español y la definición en este idioma. Las palabras o expresiones transcriptos en mayúsculas en la definición son las que pueden consultarse en el mismo diccionario. Para facilitar esa búsqueda se han utilizado o agregado (por lo general entre paréntesis) esas palabras en Inglés; pero, por falta de uniformidad de criterio en las traducciones efectuadas por distintos especialistas, en muchos casos ese realce se transcribe en Español. En estos últimos casos, la búsqueda requiere el uso intermedio del Indice, que se describe más adelante. La presentación descripta (número, término en Inglés, vocablo en Español y su definición en esta última lengua) constituye lo que se denomina DICCIONARIO PRINCIPAL. Junto al término en Inglés y cuando es necesario, se agrega la aclaración con las siguientes abreviaturas: adj. adjetivo adv. adverbio n. (noun) sustantivo v.t. verbo transitivo v.i. verbo intransitivo pl. plural Para la búsqueda inversa, a partir de palabras o expresiones en Español, se debe recurrir al INDICE que se presenta a continuación del Diccionario Principal. Consiste en un ordenamiento alfabético de los vocablos en Español, indicando a continuación los números con los que se deben buscar su equivalencia y definición en el Diccionario Principal. Por su naturaleza, en este índice es posible que una palabra, o expresión, en Español se refiera a varios números; eso implica que es equivalente a varios términos en Inglés. Por otra parte, también puede ocurrir que,en distinta ubicación alfabética, varios vocablos converjan a un mismo número. La considerable extensión del índice se debe fundamentalmente a que, en la elaboración del Diccionario Principal, se incluyeron, además de diversas acepciones de cada término, algunos sinónimos o expresiones equivalentes. Finalmente, el Anexo A, titulado ACRONIMOS, incluye siglas o abreviaturas de uso frecuente en el ámbito internacional. Manteniendo los lineamiento expuestos, se conservó el ordenamiento de la Parte I, Vol. I con predominio de origen en Inglés. Cuando es necesario se conserva el texto en esa lengua, el cual se omite cuando las letras coinciden con su expresión en Español. A continuación de esa expresión, o traducción, si es usual, se agrega (entre paréntesis) la sigla o abreviatura en esta lengua. Dado lo reducido de este Anexo, no se previó su ordenamiento alfabético en Español; no obstante ello, algunos de los conceptos o instituciones relacionados con los acrónimos figuran en el Indice ya descripto. __________ A 1 abeam. por el través. Dirección que forma ángulo recto con la línea de crujía del buque; también la parte central del buque. 2 aberration of light. aberración de la luz En astronomía (ASTRONOMY), es el desplazamiento aparente de la posición de un CUERPO CELESTE a consecuencia de la composición de velocidades de la luz y de un observador en la superficie de la tierra Se denomina aberración diurna a la aberración de la luz debida al movimiento de rotación de la tierra alrededor de su eje. Aquella provocada por el movimiento de traslación de la tierra alrededor del sol recibe el nombre de aberración anual. En óptica, es el defecto de un sistema óptico en llevar todos los rayos luminosos que provienen de un objeto puntual a una única imagen puntual o a una posición geométrica dada. La aberración esférica se produce cuando rayos que provienen de distintas zonas de una lente o espejo llegan a focos que se encuentran a distancias diferentes de la lente o del espejo. La aberración cromática (o cromatismo) se produce a consecuencia de las diferencias de refracción de los rayos de diferentes colores del espectro, aquellos de colores diferentes tienen focos diferentes. 3 abrasion. abrasión. Desgaste o redondeo de superficies mediante fricción. 4 abscissa. abscisa. Ver COORDINATES: PLANE RECTANGULAR. 5 absolute accuracy. exactitud absoluta. Ver ACCURACY: ABSOLUTE. 6 absolute error. error absoluto. Ver ERROR. 7 absolute orientation. orientación absoluta. Ver ORIENTATION: ABSOLUTE. 8 absolute stereoscopic parallax. paralaje estereoscópica absoluta. Ver PARRALAX: ABSOLUTE STEREOSCOPIC. 9 absorption: atmospheric. absorción atmosférica. Transformación de la ENERGIA RADIANTE en energía térmica, mecánica, eléctrica, etc, por interacción con componentes atmosféricos. 10 abyssal(adj.). abisal. Relativo a las mayores PROFUNDIDADES del OCEANO, generalmente superiores a 3700 METROS (2000 BRAZAS). 11 abyssal gap. garganta abisal. Garganta entre dos planicies abisales. 12 abyssal hills. colinas abisales. Conjunto de pequeñas elevaciones en profundidades abisales. 13 abyssal plain. planicie abisal, llanura abisal. Región extensa, plana, con una pendiente suave o casi horizontal, situada en profundidades abisales. 14 acceleration. aceleración. Variación de la VELOCIDAD con respecto al tiempo. 15 acceleration: angular. aceleración angular. Variación de la VELOCIDAD ANGULAR con respecto al tiempo. 16 acceleration of gravity. aceleración de la gravedad. ACELERACION de un cuerpo que cae libremente, causada por la fuerza de GRAVEDAD 17 accidental error. error accidental, error casual. Ver ERROR: ACCIDENTAL. 18 acclivity. cuesta. PENDIENTE ascendente del TERRENO, en oposición a DECLIVE. 19 accommodation. acomodación. Facultad del ojo humano para obtener IMAGENES nítidas de los objetos situados a distintas distancias. En ESTEREOSCOPIA, la capacidad de los ojos para obtener una visión estereoscópica mediante la superposición de dos IMAGENES. 20 accretion. aglomeración, acrecentamiento. Acumulación gradual de materiales en una PLAYA, por deposición, transportados por el agua o el aire, durante un largo período de tiempo, exclusivamente por acción de las fuerzas naturales. El acrecentamiento artificial es una acumulación similar de materiales debida a la acción del hombre. 7 21 accuracy. exactitud. Grado de concordancia de un valor medido o calculado con otro asumido o aceptado. 22 accuracy: absolute. exactitud absoluta. Evaluación de todos los errores posibles encontrados en la definición de la posición de un punto en relación a un sistema o DATUM. 23 accuracy: relative. exactitud relativa. Evaluación de los ERRORES ALEATORIOS al determinar la disposición posicional de un punto o accidente con respecto a otro. 24 accuracy: repeatable. exactitud de repetitividad, precisión de repetitividad. Ver REPEATABLE ACCURACY. 25 achromat. objetivo acromático. Ver ACHROMATIC LENS. 26 achromatic lens. lente acromática. LENTE compuesta que ha sido parcialmente corregida a fin de atenuar la aberración cromática. Generalmente, con esta LENTE se hacen converger aproximadamente, al mismo punto focal los RAYOS LUMINOSOS verdes y rojos. 27 aclinic line. línea aclínica. Ver EQUATOR: MAGNETIC. 28 acoustic. acústica. Ciencia del sonido, incluyendo su producción, transmisión y efectos. 29 acoustic bearing. marcación acústica, demora acústica. Ver BEARING: SONIC. 30 acoustic line of position. línea de posición acústica. Ver SONIC LINE OF POSITION. 31 acoustic navigation. navegación acústica, navegación sónica. Ver NAVIGATION: SONIC. 32 acoustic sounding. sondaje acústico, sondaje acústico. Ver ECHO SOUNDING. 33 acoustic wave. onda sonora, onda acústica, onda de sonido. Ver WAVE: SOUND. 34 active satellite. satélite activo. 1. Un satélite artificial que transmite una señal electrónica . Un satélite con una capacidad de transmitir,repetir o retansmitir información electrónica, en contraste con un satélite pasivo. 2. Definido por la Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones (ITU).
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