Processos De Actualização E Adaptação Na Encenação De Óperas De Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Em Lisboa, Na Primeira Década Do Século XXI

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Processos De Actualização E Adaptação Na Encenação De Óperas De Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Em Lisboa, Na Primeira Década Do Século XXI Processos de actualização e adaptação na encenação de óperas de Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart em Lisboa, na primeira década do século XXI Nuno Gonçalo das Neves Fidalgo Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Musicais – Musicologia Histórica Setembro 2012 Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Musicais – Musicologia Histórica, realizada sob a orienta- ção científica da Professora Doutora Paula Gomes Ribeiro. RESUMO A presente Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Musicais – Musicologia Histórica (Fa- culdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas – Universidade Nova de Lisboa) propõe uma re- flexão sobre determinadas problemáticas da encenação operática contemporânea, nomea- damente a tendência de actualização dos repertórios através da alteração dos seus contextos espácio-temporais (para épocas recentes ou para os dias de hoje) ou através de processos de adaptação dramatúrgico-musical da obra original; nesse sentido, procuraremos aqui analisar e caracterizar a participação dos encenadores portugueses, ou residentes em Por- tugal, no contexto dos espectáculos de ópera ocorridos na área metropolitana de Lisboa, na primeira década do século XXI, designadamente nas óperas de Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (compositor mais encenado por portugueses no período e contexto em estudo). Inquirindo as estratégias de adaptação e actualização empreendidas por estes encenadores, bem como os modos como se relacionaram com determinadas tradições de representação e recepção operática, serão aqui visados dois estudos de caso específicos: Fiore Nudo – Espécie de ópera a partir de cenas de Don Giovanni (encenação de Nuno M. Cardoso, Teatro Municipal São Luiz, 2006) e As Bodas de Fígaro (encenação de Maria Emília Cor- reia, Teatro da Trindade, 2006). Embora muito diferentes nos seus pressupostos estéticos, dramatúrgicos e performativos, estas duas encenações levantam diferentes respostas sobre as problemáticas em estudo, demonstrando como as estratégias de actualização e adapta- ção dos repertórios têm constituído uma tendência recente da encenação de ópera em Por- tugal, acompanhando assim um conjunto ecléctico de percursos, discursos e práticas artís- ticas igualmente observável a nível internacional. PALAVRAS-CHAVE Ópera – Encenação – Mozart – Lisboa – Século XXI – Actualização/Adaptação ABSTRACT This master thesis in Historical Musicology (Faculty of Human and Social Sciences – New University of Lisbon) proposes a reflection on some problems of contemporary op- eratic staging, namely the tendency to update repertoires through the modification of space and time contexts (for recent times or even the present day) or through musical and dramaturgical adaption of the original work; therefore, we will analyse and characterize the involvement of Portuguese directors, or others living in Portugal, in the context of opera performances in Lisbon during the first decade of the 21st century, especially in the operas of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (the composer more staged by these directors in the period and context under study). Having the intention to inquire the updating and adapta- tion strategies, as well as the ways by which the Portuguese directors position themselves regarding the operatic repertoires and their traditions, this investigation focuses on two specific case studies: Fiore Nudo – espécie de opera a partir de cenas de Don Giovanni (directed by Nuno M. Cardoso, Teatro Municipal São Luiz, 2006) and As Bodas de Fíga- ro (directed by Maria Emília Correia, Teatro da Trindade, 2006); although very different in their aesthetic, dramaturgical and performative assumptions, these two stagings raise different answers about the problems under study, showing how updating and adaptation strategies have been a recent trend of operatic staging in Portugal, following a broad artis- tic and conceptual framework that we can also observe at the international level. KEYWORDS Opera – Staging – Mozart – Lisbon – 21st Century – Update/Adaptation Strategies AGRADECIMENTOS Começo por agradecer à minha orientadora, a Professora Doutora Paula Gomes Ri- beiro, por ter acolhido tão generosamente o meu projecto e pelo constante incentivo e rigor. Sou igualmente grato pelos conselhos das Professoras Luísa Cymbron e Vera San Payo de Lemos e do Professor Paulo Ferreira de Castro, que concorreram para um aprofundamento de diferentes aspectos do meu trabalho. Agradeço igualmente ao Professor Mário Vieira de Carvalho a possibilidade de publicar um dos capítulos desta dissertação e o apoio concedido em diferentes momentos da investigação. Quero também agradecer a todos os professores e colegas com os quais me cruzei durante a minha formação académica e artística, cujas vi- vências e percursos em comum estiveram presentes, de diferentes modos, no meu trabalho. À Luísa Marques da biblioteca da Escola Superior de Teatro e Cinema, pela pronta disponibilidade e apoio bibliográfico; às senhoras Paula Braga, do Centro de Documentação do Teatro Nacional São João, e Elisabete Duarte, da produção do Teatro da Trindade/Inatel, que facilitaram o acesso a um grande número de fontes e que sempre atenderam prontamen- te os meus telefonemas; ao encenador Nuno M. Cardoso, pelo interesse demonstrado e pela partilha de documentos; ao maestro Cesário Costa, pelas informações concedidas a propósi- to da sua participação em As Bodas de Figaro; aos cenógrafos João Mendes Ribeiro e Rui Francisco, cujos projectos de cenografia, tão generosamente facultados, me permitiram en- riquecer o presente trabalho; às sopranos Carla Simões e Ana Barros por partilharem as suas experiências na encenação de Fiore Nudo; ao barítono Mário Redondo pela disponibilidade na resposta a algumas questões sobre As Bodas de Figaro; a todos os que me ajudaram na pesquisa documental realizada nas instituições culturais: Cecília Folgado (Teatro Municipal São Luiz); Cristina Nunes (Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian); Sofia Mântua (Centro Cultural de Belém); Maria João Franco (Teatro Nacional São Carlos); Joana Grande (Teatro Aber- to); Miguel Sobral Cid (Culturgest) e Heloísa Oliveira (Centro Cultural Olga Cadaval). Um agradecimento muito especial aos meus pais e irmã, que acompanharam de per- to e tornaram possível, em muitos aspectos, este meu trabalho (a eles é dedicado); aos meus amigos de sempre, pelo apoio incondicional, em especial ao Pedro Nascimento, que sempre me ajudou em momentos cruciais e cujo olhar atento não deixou escapar uma única vírgula. Índice 1 Introdução ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Identificação do objecto de estudo e problemática .......................................................... 1 1.2 Considerações metodológicas ......................................................................................... 5 1.3 Estado da arte e enquadramento teórico .......................................................................... 8 2 Vivência da dramaturgia mozartiana em Lisboa, na primeira década do século XXI ...19 2.1 Instituições e espaços culturais lisboetas ....................................................................... 19 2.2 Os encenadores portugueses ou residentes em Portugal ................................................ 22 2.3 Períodos históricos, compositores e repertórios ............................................................ 25 2.4 As produções mozartianas no contexto cultural lisboeta da última década .................... 26 2.4.1 Os repertórios mais representados: ................................................................................ 26 2.4.2 Aspectos mencionados na imprensa jornalística e na blogosfera ................................ 27 2.4.3 A selecção dos dois estudos de caso .............................................................................. 37 3 Metamorfose de Don Giovanni num “ensaio poético-jocoso”: a encenação de Fiore Nudo no Teatro Municipal São Luiz .....................................................................................39 3.1 Fiore Nudo no quadro da teoria pós-dramática ............................................................. 48 3.1.1 Parataxe ............................................................................................................................ 49 3.1.2 Imagens-Sonho ................................................................................................................ 51 3.1.3 Dramaturgia visual e paisagem ...................................................................................... 53 3.2 Considerações sobre a recepção de Fiore Nudo na imprensa jornalística ...................... 57 3.3 Fiore Nudo, Don Juan e “resistir ao desejo” – Conclusões ........................................... 59 4 Sobre a representação da Condessa de Almaviva em Le Nozze di Figaro: As Bodas de Figaro no Teatro da Trindade ................................................................................................61 4.1 Entre o desequilíbrio do desejo e a estabilidade conjugal: a Condessa de Almaviva e Cherubino no recitativo do acto II – cena 2 .................................................................. 68 4.2 O acto II – cena 2 nas encenações de Ponnelle, Strehler, Sellars, Guth e Correia ............ 72 4.3 Conclusões ................................................................................................................... 79 5 Conclusão ..................................................................................................................................81
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