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Narratology of the Short Story Elegy for Jaleh and Her Murderer

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Narratology of the Short Story Elegy for Jaleh and Her Murderer Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 9:55 IRST on Sunday September 26th 2021 دوﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ - ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ 8د ، ش 4 (ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ 39 )، ﻣﻬﺮ و آﺑﺎن 1396 ، ﺻﺺ -175 206 رواﻳﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ داﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﻮﺗﺎه « ﻣﺮﺛﻴﻪ ﺑﺮاي ژاﻟﻪ و ﻗﺎﺗﻠﺶ » ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﺸﻲ و ﺷ ﻮﺷﻲ ﮔﺮﻣﺲ * ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻋﻠﻲ آﺗﺶ ﺳﻮدا1 ، رﺿﺎ ﻧﻜﻮﺋﻲ2 1 . داﻧﺸﻴﺎر زﺑﺎن و ادﺑﻴﺎت ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ واﺣﺪ ﻓﺴﺎ، ﻓﺎرس، اﻳﺮان 2 . داﻧﺸﺠﻮي دﻛﺘﺮي زﺑﺎن و ادﺑﻴﺎت ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ ﮔﺮاﻳﺶ ﻏﻨﺎﻳﻲ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻴﺮاز ، ﻓﺎرس، اﻳﺮان درﻳﺎﻓﺖ: /4/20 95 ﭘﺬﻳﺮش: /21/9 95 95 ﭼﻜﻴﺪه اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ رواﻳﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ داﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﻮﺗﺎه « ﻣﺮﺛﻴﻪ ﺑﺮ اي ژاﻟﻪ و ﻗﺎﺗﻠﺶ » ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺔ اﺑﻮﺗﺮاب ﺧﺴﺮوي ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﺸﻲ و ﺷَﻮﺷﻲ ﮔﺮﻣﺲ اﺧﺘﺼﺎص دارد. ﻫﺪف اﺻﻠﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي داﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻣﺲ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻴﺎن ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺪرﻳﺠﻲ ﭘﻴﺮﻓﺖ ﻫﺎ و ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﻴﺮي داﺳﺘﺎن، ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﺔ دو اﻟﮕﻮي ﻛﻨﺸﻲ و ﺷﻮﺷﻲ و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻋﺒﻮر از ﻧﻈﺎم ﻛﻨﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺷﻮﺷﻲ در اﻳﻦ داﺳﺘﺎن اﺳﺖ. اﻟﮕﻮي ﻛﻨﺸﻲ اﻳﻦ داﺳﺘﺎن ﺣﻮل ﻛﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺘﻮان ﻛﺎووس ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد ﻛﻪ در آن، ﺑﺎ ﻧﻈﻤﻲ ﺧﺎص در زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ﻫﺎي ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻧﻲ، اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ و اﻧﻔﺼﺎﻟﻲ، ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺴﺐ ﻣﻨﻔﻌﺖ در ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻲ ﺗﺠﻮﻳﺰي و ازﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي ﺷﺪه ﻣﻲ ﻛﻮﺷﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺑﮋة ارزﺷﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﮕﺬارد و ﻛﻨﺸﻴﺎرﻫﺎ و ﺿﺪﻛ ﻨﺸﮕﺮﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺑﺔ ﺧﻮد، ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻳﺎ دﺷﻮار ﺳﺎزي ﻛﻨﺶ ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎن را ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ. در اﻟﮕﻮي ﺷﻮﺷﻲ داﺳﺘﺎن، درﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻨﺸﮕﺮان و اﺑﮋة ارزﺷﻲ در ﭼﺮﺧﺔ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ اﺑﮋة ارزﺷﻲ و ﺷﻮﺷﮕﺮ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ و ﺷﻮﺷﮕﺮ ﺑﺪون اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ازﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ اي داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، در ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد ﺑﺎ اﺑ ﮋة ارزﺷﻲ و ﭘﺲ از ﻃﻲ ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﺣﺴﻲ ـ ادراﻛﻲ و اﺑﻌﺎد دﻳﮕﺮ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن، دﭼﺎر وﺿﻌﻴﺘﻲ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ آن را ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮي وﺻﺎل ﻣﻌﺸﻮق ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪ. ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ، اﻳﻦ Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 9:55 IRST on Sunday September 26th 2021 ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ آﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ در اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ، راﺑﻄﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﺸﮕﺮان ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ دﮔﺮﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﺗﺪرﻳﺠﻲ در ﭘﻴﺮﻓﺖ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻨﺞ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎزﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد و ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺷﺪة ﻛﻨﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﺗﺮدﻳﺪ و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻮﺷﻲ ﻣﻲ رﺳﺪ. واژﮔﺎن ﻛﻠﻴﺪي: رواﻳﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، « ﻣﺮﺛﻴﻪ ﺑﺮاي ژاﻟﻪ و ﻗﺎﺗﻠﺶ» ، اﻟﮕﻮي ﻛﻨﺸﻲ، اﻟﮕﻮي ﺷﻮﺷﻲ، ﮔﺮﻣﺲ. ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ــ ∗ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪ ة ﺌﻣﺴ ﻮل ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ: E-mail: [email protected] ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻋﻠﻲ آﺗﺶ ﺳﻮدا و ﻫﻤﻜﺎر رواﻳﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ داﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ... 1 . ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ « رواﻳﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ1 ﺷﺎﺧﻪ اي از ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ2 ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﻲ رود ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﻈﺎم دﻫﻨﺪة ادر اك رواﻳﺘﻲ ﻣﺎ را ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ » (ﺳﻴﺪان، 1395 : 196 ). ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﻤﺪة ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر رواﻳﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺬر از ﻳﻚ دوران ﻓﺘﺮت ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ، از زﻣﺎن ارﺳﻄﻮ ﺗﺎ روي ﻛﺎر آﻣﺪن ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻫﺎي روس، ﺑﺎ رﻳﺨﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻗﺼﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮﻳﺎن ( 1928 ) وﻻدﻳﻤﻴﺮ ﭘﺮاپ آﻏﺎز ﺷﺪ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ در ﺣﻮزه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﻲ، ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻧ ﺸﺎﻧﻪ ـ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ رواﻳﻲ، ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺧﻮد اداﻣﻪ داد. در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎن، ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻪ ﺗﻼش ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ در اﺛﺮ ﭘﺮاپ اﻟﮕﻮﻳﻲ را ﭘﻴﺪا ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ آن، اﺻﻮل ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﻫﺎي رواﻳﻲ در ﻛﻠﻴﺖ آن ﻫﺎ ﭘﻴﺪا ﺷﻮد. ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺔ وﺟﻮد ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ رواﻳﺖ را ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ و ﺑﻪ آن ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺨﺸﻨﺪ، از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺎرﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﻣﻲ ﻛﻮﺷﻴﺪﻧﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم دﻫﻨﺪ. ﮔﺮﻣﺲ ﻧﻴﺰ ازﺟﻤﻠﺔ اﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﭘﺮدازان اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ﭘﺮاپ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺮ ﻛﻨﺶ ﻛﻨﺸﮕﺮان ﺑﻨﺎ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻬﺪ، ﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ ﮔﻔﺘﺔ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﭘﺮداز (ﻋﺒﺎﺳﻲ، 1393 : 54 و ).59 ).59 ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي رواﻳﺖ ﺷﻨ ﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﻨﺸﻲ و ﺷﻮﺷﻲ ﮔﺮﻣﺲ و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﻋﺒﻮر از ﻧﻈﺎم ﻛﻨﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺷﻮﺷﻲ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﺤﻮل ﭼﺮﺧﺔ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ از ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﺮدﻳﺪ و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ در داﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﻮﺗﺎه « ﻣﺮﺛﻴﻪ ﺑﺮاي ژاﻟﻪ و ﻗﺎﺗﻠﺶ » از ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ داﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻛﻮﺗﺎه دﻳﻮان ﺳﻮﻣﻨﺎت ، ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺔ اﺑﻮﺗﺮاب ﺧﺴﺮوي، ﻣﺴﺌﻠﺔ اﺻﻠﻲ در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ا ﺳﺖ. در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ، ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺆاﻻت زﻳﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﮔﺮﻣﺲ، ﭘﻴﺮﻓﺖ ﻫﺎي داﺳﺘﺎن و ﺳﺎزه ﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﺸﮕﺮ و ﺷﻮﺷﮕﺮ ﻛﺪام اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ و ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻴﺮﻓﺖ ﻫﺎ، ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎت روﻧﺪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ داﺳﺘﺎﻧﻲ و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات آن ﻫﺎ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟ زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ﻫﺎي ﺳﻪ ﮔﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻗ ﻲ، اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ و اﻧﻔﺼﺎﻟﻲ در داﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﺪام اﺳﺖ و ﻛﻨﺸﮕﺮان و Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 9:55 IRST on Sunday September 26th 2021 ﺷﻮﺷﮕﺮان در اﻳﻦ زﻧﺠﻴﺮه ﻫﺎ ﭼﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ دارﻧﺪ؟ ﻋﺒﻮر از ﻧﻈﺎم ﻛﻨﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺷﻮﺷﻲ در اﻳﻦ داﺳﺘﺎن ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد و اﺳﺘﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎزﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ راﺑﻄﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﺸﮕﺮان از ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﺮدﻳﺪ و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ رﺳ ﺪ؟ ﺪ؟ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﺑﺎ روﻳﻜﺮد ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، در ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻓﺮض ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺖ 176 ﺟﺴﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ دورة 8 ، ﺷﻤﺎرة 4 (ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ 39 )، ﻣﻬﺮ و آﺑﺎن 1396 ﻛﻪ اﺳﺘﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ راﺑﻄﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﺸﮕﺮان را ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ دﮔﺮﮔﻮﻧﻲ ﺗﺪرﻳﺠﻲ در ﭘﻴﺮﻓﺖ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻨﺞ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎزﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ و ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺷﺪة ﻛﻨﺸﻲ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﺗﺮدﻳﺪ و ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻮﺷﻲ ﻣﻲ رﺳﺪ. 2 . ﭘﻴﺸﻴﻨﺔ ﺗﺤ ﻘﻴﻖ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﺸﻲ و ﺷﻮﺷﻲ ﮔﺮﻣﺲ، ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ رواﻳﻲ و ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي آن ﻫﺎ در ﻣﺘﻮن ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻛﺘﺎب ﻫﺎ و ﻣﻘﺎﻻت ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﺑﻮده اﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﺬرا ﺑﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه در اﻳﻦ ﺣﻮزه، درﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ دو روﻳﻜﺮد ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮرد وﺟﻮد دارد. روﻳﻜﺮد اول ﻣﻮﺟﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻛﺘﺎب ﻫﺎي ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ادﺑﻲ ( 1368 ) ﺗﺮي اﻳﮕﻠﺘﻮن و راﻫﻨﻤﺎي ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ادﺑﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ( 1372 ) رﻣﺎن ﺳﻠﺪن و ﻫﻤﻜﺎر ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻋﺒﺎس ﻣﺨﺒﺮ و ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ آﺛﺎر ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر و ﺗﺄوﻳﻞ ﻣﺘﻦ ( 1370 ) و ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ و زﻳﺒﺎﻳﻲ: درس ﻫﺎي ﻓﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﻫﻨﺮ ( 1374 ) ﺑﺎﺑﻚ اﺣﻤﺪي و ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ ﻛﺘﺎب درآﻣﺪي ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﮔﺮاﻳﻲ در ادﺑﻴﺎت ( 1379 ) راﺑﺮت اﺳﻜﻮﻟﺰ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﺮزاﻧﻪ ﻃﺎﻫﺮي در ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ اﻟﮕﻮي ﻛﻨﺸﻲ ﮔﺮﻣﺲ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎ ﺧﺎﺳﺖ و درﭘﻲ آن، ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺗﻲ ﭼﻮن « رواﻳﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ داﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻮم و زاغ در ﻛﻠﻴﻠﻪ و دﻣﻨﻪ » (ﻧﺒﻲ ﻟﻮ، 1389 «)، ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر رواﻳﻲ داﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﻮدﻛﺎن ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﮔﺮﻣﺲ » (ﻫﻤﺎن، 1392 «)، ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر رواﻳﺖ در ﻧﮕﺎرة ﻣﺮگ ﺿﺤﺎك ﺑﺮﺑﻨﻴﺎد اﻟﮕﻮي ﻛﻨﺸﻲ ﮔﺮﻣﺲ » (ﻣﻮﺳﻮي ﻟﺮ و ﻣﺼﺒﺎح، 1390 «)، ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ دو ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺖ از ﺑﺎب ﺳﻮم ﻣﺮزﺑﺎن ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﺮﺑﻨﻴﺎد اﻟﮕﻮي ﻛﻨﺶ ﮔﺮﻣﺲ » (ﻋﻠﻲ اﻛﺒﺮي و دﻳﮕﺮان، 1393 ) و « ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻛﺎرﻛﺮد رواﻳﻲ دو ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺖ از اﻟﻬﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻄﺎر ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﮔﺮﻣﺲ و ژﻧﺖ » (آذر و دﻳﮕﺮان، 1393 ) ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ در آن ﻫﺎ، ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻛﺎر ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ ﺧﺎص ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﻟﮕﻮي ﻛﻨﺸﻲ ﮔﺮﻣﺲ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻮج دوم و واﻗﻌﻲ را ﺣﻤﻴﺪرﺿﺎ ﺷﻌﻴﺮي ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ و ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎرﮔﻴﺮي ﻋﻠﻤﻲ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﺸﻲ و ﺷﻮﺷﻲ ﮔﺮﻣﺲ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ و ﺗﻼش ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻮﻣﻲ ﻛﺮدن آن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل اﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎت ﺑ ﺮ ﻣﺘﻮن ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ اﻳﺠﺎد ﻛﺮد. ﻛﺘﺎب ﻫﺎي راﻫﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺳﻴﺎل: ﺑﺎ روﻳﻜﺮد Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 9:55 IRST on Sunday September 26th 2021 ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﻮردي « ﻗﻘﻨﻮس » ﻧﻴﻤﺎ ( 1388 ) ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎري وﻓﺎﻳﻲ، ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ و ﺷﺮح ﻧﻘﺼﺎن ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ( 1389 ) اﺛﺮ ﮔﺮﻣﺲ در ﺑﻴﺎن اﻟﮕﻮي ﺷﻮﺷﻲ درﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﻟﮕﻮي ﻛﻨﺸﻲ و ﺑﺎب ﻛﺮدن آن، ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ( 1391 )، ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ( 1392 )، ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ادﺑﻴﺎت: ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ و روش ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ادﺑﻲ ( 1395 ) در ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻫﺎي ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ ادﺑﻲ و اراﺋﺔ روش ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ از اﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎزﻛﺎر آن ﻫﺎ و ﻣﻘﺎﻻت « از ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ 177 ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻋﻠﻲ آﺗﺶ ﺳﻮدا و ﻫﻤﻜﺎر رواﻳﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ داﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ... ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﮔﺮا ﺗﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ (» 1388 «)، ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﺪاوم ﻣﻌﻨﺎ در ﭼﻬﻞ ﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺴﺮم از ﻧﺎدر اﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻤﻲ » ( 1390 ) ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎري آرﻳﺎﻧﺎ، « ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺑﻮدﺷﻲ: ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﻮردي داﺳﺘﺎن داش آﻛﻞ ﺻﺎدق ﻫﺪاﻳﺖ » ( 1391 ) ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎري ﻛﺮﻳﻤﻲ ﻧﮋاد، « ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ، ﻣﻤﺎرﺳﺖ و ﻣﻤﺎﺷﺎت ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎﻧﻲ: ﻗﻠﻤﺮوﻫﺎي ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن و ﻛﺎرﻛﺮدﻫﺎي ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ آن » ( 1394 ) و « ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﺤﻮر: از ﺑﺮﻫﻢ ﻛﻨﺸﻲ ﺗﺎ اﺳﺘﻌﻼ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن روﻣﻴﺎن و ﭼﻴﻨﻴﺎن ﻣﻮﻻﻧﺎ » ( 1394 ) ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎري ﻛﻨﻌﺎﻧﻲ، ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از آﺛﺎر ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ وي در اﻳﻦ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﻲ روﻧﺪ. ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺳﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ از ﻛﺘﺎب رواﻳﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي: ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ زﺑ ﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ رواﻳﺖ ( 1393 )، رواﻳﺖ را ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ و ﻣﺘﻮن را ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎت ﮔﺮﻣﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﺮده اﺳﺖ. او در ﻣﻘﺎﻻت « ﻋﺒﻮر از ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺗﻨﺸﻲ: ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﻴﺎه ﻛﻮﭼﻮﻟﻮ » ( 1390 ) ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎري ﻳﺎرﻣﻨﺪ و « ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺳﺎزي در ﻣﺜﻨﻮي ﺳﻼﻣﺎن و اﺑﺴﺎل ﺟﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ » ( 1394 ) ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎري رازي زاده و دﻳﮕﺮان، در اﻳﻦ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻗﻠﻢ زده اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻲ ﺑﺎﺑﻚ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺰ در ﻛﺘﺎب ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﺔ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺔ زﻳﺴﺘﻪ: ﮔﺬر از ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﻼﺳﻴﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺎ دورﻧﻤﺎي ﭘﺪﻳﺪارﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ( 1394 )، ﻛﻮﺷﻴﺪ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ اﺑﻌﺎد ﮔﻤﺸﺪة ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻇﻬﻮر ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ دورﻧﻤﺎي ﭘﺪﻳﺪارﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﻧﺎﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﺪه ﺑﻮد، ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﻼﺳﻴﻚ و ﺑﻪ وﻳﮋه ﻧﻈﺎم رواﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺪار را ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﺑﻜﺸﺪ و ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ را ﺷﺮح دﻫﺪ. در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﻣﻲ ﻛﻮﺷﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻫﻢ زﻣﺎن رواﻳﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ داﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﻮﺗﺎه « ﻣﺮﺛﻴﻪ ﺑﺮاي ژاﻟﻪ و ﻗﺎﺗﻠﺶ » را ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﻛﻨﺸﻲ و ﺷﻮﺷﻲ ﮔﺮﻣﺲ اﻧﺠﺎم دﻫﻴﻢ و ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﺔ اﻳﻦ دو اﻟﮕﻮ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ در اﻳﻦ داﺳﺘﺎن، ﻳﻚ راﺑﻄﺔ ﺳﺎده و ﻛﻨﺶ ﻣﺪار ﺑﻪ راﺑﻄﻪ اي ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪه و ﺷﻮش ﻣﺪار ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد. در ﻣﺘﻮن ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ، ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ د رﺑﺎرة اﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ دارد. Downloaded from lrr.modares.ac.ir at 9:55 IRST on Sunday September 26th 2021 3 . ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻧﻈﺮي 1 3- . اﻟﮕﻮي ﻛﻨﺸﻲ ﮔﺮﻣﺲ آﻟﮋﻳﺮداس ژوﻟﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﻣﺲ3 از ﺑﻨﻴﺎن ﮔﺬاران ﻣﻜﺘﺐ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ4 ﭘﺎرﻳﺲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺲ از اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري ( 1966 ) و درﺑﺎرة ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ( 1970 )، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ ﭘﺮداز 178 ﺟﺴﺘﺎرﻫﺎي زﺑﺎﻧﻲ دورة 8 ، ﺷﻤﺎرة 4 (ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻲ 39 )، ﻣﻬﺮ و آﺑﺎن 1396 ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ رواﻳﺖ ﺷﻬﺮت ﻳﺎﻓﺖ. ﮔ ﺮﻣﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻜﻴﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻫﺎي دوﮔﺎﻧﻪ در زﺑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺳﻮﺳﻮر و ﻳﺎﻛﻮﺑﺴﻦ و ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﻴﺮي از ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ رواﻳﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﭘﺮاپ، ﺑﺎ روﺷﻲ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻠﻲ اﻟﮕﻮﻳﻲ را ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻧﻮاع رواﻳﺖ اراﺋﻪ ﻛﺮد (اﺣﻤﺪي، 1388 : 161 - 162 ؛ ﻣﻮﺳﻮي ﻟﺮ و ﻣﺼﺒﺎح، 1390 : 24 ؛ ﻋﺒﺎﺳﻲ، 1393 7: ). ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻣﺲ، داﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎوﺟﻮد ﻫﻤﺔ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻇﺎﻫﺮي و ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ از ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ رواﻳﺖ ﭘﻴﺮوي ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ از ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻫﺎي رواﻳﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﻳﻚ دﺳﺘﻮر زﺑﺎن ﻣﺸﺘﺮك ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد ﻣﻲ آﻳﻨﺪ.
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