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The Impact of the Identity of Asian American Teachers

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The Impact of the Identity of Asian American Teachers UNDERSTANDING ASIAN AMERICAN STUDENTS’ IDENTITIES AND THEIR LEARNING IN SOCIAL STUDIES DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Jing Gao, M.A. College of Education and Human Ecology The Ohio State University Spring / 2011 Dissertation Committee: Professor Merry Merryfield, Advisor Professor Binaya Subedi Professor Adrienne Dixson Copyright by Jing Gao 2011 ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to examine how the identities of Asian American students interacted with their learning in the social studies curriculum in two high schools in the Midwestern United States. It investigated: (1) how do Asian American students identify themselves within school settings, (2) how do they perceive and interpret their social studies instruction, and (3) in what ways do their identities influence their learning in social studies and in what ways does the social studies instruction influence their identity. This qualitative study employed a naturalistic inquiry paradigm to collect data. The data were collected through participant interviews, classroom observations, and relevant documents. A constant comparative method was implemented for data analysis. Analysis of the data in the study suggested three main findings. First, the Asian American students all recognize being scholar/student as a crucial part of their identity and demonstrate different perceptions of their racial/ethnic and cultural identity. They employ different strategies to negotiate with their dynamic, multiple, and sometimes contradictory identities when being confronted with the challenges and opportunities within different social contexts. Second, the teachers play a significant role in how well the Asian American students have learned in social studies curriculum. These students ii also express their values of social studies education. Third, the Asian American students’ identities have influenced their learning in social studies in certain ways, and likewise the social studies instruction has affected their identities. The findings of the study have some implications for the teachers, teacher educators, curriculum policy, and future research. iii Dedicated to My Unique Husband, Children, and Parents iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I thank my advisor Dr. Merry Merryfield for her continuous support, guidance, and encouragement in my graduate studies over the years. In particular, Dr. Merryfield’s advice and suggestions have been invaluable for this dissertation. I also wish to thank Dr. Binaya Subedi and Dr. Adrienne Dixson for all their help and consistent support throughout my study. I am grateful for their insights in this dissertation. Special thanks should be given to the ten research participants. I am appreciative for their willingness to participate in the study and generosity in sharing their life stories. I am indebted to my family for all their support. To my husband, my children, my parents, my brother and his family, I give my deepest expression of love and appreciation for the support that you gave and the sacrifices that you made for me throughout the entire graduate program. Finally, I would like to thank all of my friends for their support and friendship. Thank you. v VITA April 27, 1977…………….………………………… Born – Xinjiang, China 2006………………………………………………… Master of Arts Social Studies and Global Education The Ohio State University 2007-2011…………………………………………… Graduate Teaching Associate Graduate Administrative Associate The Ohio State University PUBLICATIONS Gao, J. (2008). One day with a second grader in Beijing. Social Studies and the Young Learner, 20(4), 4-8. vi FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Education Social Studies and Global Education Multicultural Education Economic Education vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... ii DEDICATION ................................................................................................................. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................ v VITA ................................................................................................................................ vi LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................ xiv LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................... xv CHAPTER 1 ...................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1 Purpose of the Study .............................................................................................. 4 Research Questions ................................................................................................ 5 Theoretical Framework .......................................................................................... 6 Methodological Framework ..................................................................................10 Sampling .............................................................................................................. 11 Data Collection .................................................................................................... 12 Data Analysis ....................................................................................................... 13 Significance of the Study ..................................................................................... 14 Limitations of the Study ....................................................................................... 15 Definition of Terms .............................................................................................. 15 viii Overview of Chapters .......................................................................................... 17 CHAPTER 2 .................................................................................................................... 18 LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................................................... 18 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 18 Asian American Students’ Identities ................................................................... 19 Asian American Students in Social Studies Education ....................................... 39 Culturally Relevant Pedagogy ............................................................................. 47 Summary .............................................................................................................. 51 CHAPTER 3 .................................................................................................................... 53 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................... 53 Rationale for the Naturalistic Paradigm ............................................................... 53 Natural Setting ............................................................................................... 55 The Human as Instrument .............................................................................. 57 Utilization of Tacit Knowledge ..................................................................... 64 Qualitative Methods ....................................................................................... 65 Purposeful Sampling ...................................................................................... 66 Inductive Data Analysis ................................................................................. 68 Emergent Design ............................................................................................ 69 Negotiated Outcomes ..................................................................................... 69 Research Design ................................................................................................... 70 Participant Selection ..................................................................................... 70 Gaining Access .............................................................................................. 72 Research Sites................................................................................................. 76 ix Methods for Data Collection ............................................................................... 76 Interviews ..................................................................................................... 76 Observation .................................................................................................... 91 Data Analysis ..................................................................................................... 108 Trustworthiness .................................................................................................. 122 Prolonged Engagement and Persistent Observation ................................... 122 Triangulation ............................................................................................... 123 Member Checking ....................................................................................... 124 Ethical Concerns ...............................................................................................
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