Death Toll Rises As Syria Crackdown Continues
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Women and Participation in the Arab Uprisings: a Struggle for Justice
Distr. LIMITED E/ESCWA/SDD/2013/Technical Paper.13 26 December 2013 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMISSION FOR WESTERN ASIA (ESCWA) WOMEN AND PARTICIPATION IN THE ARAB UPRISINGS: A STRUGGLE FOR JUSTICE New York, 2013 13-0381 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This paper constitutes part of the research conducted by the Social Participatory Development Section within the Social Development Division to advocate the principles of social justice, participation and citizenship. Specifically, the paper discusses the pivotal role of women in the democratic movements that swept the region three years ago and the challenges they faced in the process. The paper argues that the increased participation of women and their commendable struggle against gender-based injustices have not yet translated into greater freedoms or increased political participation. More critically, in a region dominated by a patriarchal mindset, violence against women has become a means to an end and a tool to exercise control over society. If the demands for bread, freedom and social justice are not linked to discourses aimed at achieving gender justice, the goals of the Arab revolutions will remain elusive. This paper was co-authored by Ms. Dina Tannir, Social Affairs Officer, and Ms. Vivienne Badaan, Research Assistant, and has benefited from the overall guidance and comments of Ms. Maha Yahya, Chief, Social Participatory Development Section. iii iv CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... iii Chapter I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 II. GENDERING ARAB REVOLUTIONS: WHAT WOMEN WANT ......................... 2 A. The centrality of gender to Arab revolutions............................................................ 2 B. Participation par excellence: Activism among Arab women.................................... 3 III. CHANGING LANES: THE STRUGGLE OVER WOMEN’S BODIES ................. -
Country Advice
Country Advice Bahrain Bahrain – BHR39737 – 14 February 2011 Protests – Treatment of Protesters – Treatment of Shias – Protests in Australia Returnees – 30 January 2012 1. Please provide details of the protest(s) which took place in Bahrain on 14 February 2011, including the exact location of protest activities, the time the protest activities started, the sequence of events, the time the protest activities had ended on the day, the nature of the protest activities, the number of the participants, the profile of the participants and the reaction of the authorities. The vast majority of protesters involved in the 2011 uprising in Bahrain were Shia Muslims calling for political reforms.1 According to several sources, the protest movement was led by educated and politically unaffiliated youth.2 Like their counterparts in other Arab countries, they used modern technology, including social media networks to call for demonstrations and publicise their demands.3 The demands raised during the protests enjoyed, at least initially, a large degree of popular support that crossed religious, sectarian and ethnic lines.4 On 29 June 2011 Bahrain‟s King Hamad issued a decree establishing the Bahrain Independent Commission of Investigation (BICI) which was mandated to investigate the events occurring in Bahrain in February and March 2011.5 The BICI was headed by M. Cherif Bassiouni and four other internationally recognised human rights experts.6 1 Amnesty International 2011, Briefing paper – Bahrain: A human rights crisis, 21 April, p.2 http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/MDE11/019/2011/en/40555429-a803-42da-a68d- -
Special Administrative Measures and the War on Terror: When Do Extreme Pretrial Detention Measures Offend the Constitution?
Michigan Journal of Race and Law Volume 19 2014 Special Administrative Measures and the War on Terror: When do Extreme Pretrial Detention Measures Offend the Constitution? Andrew Dalack University of Michigan Law School Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjrl Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, Criminal Procedure Commons, Law and Race Commons, and the National Security Law Commons Recommended Citation Andrew Dalack, Special Administrative Measures and the War on Terror: When do Extreme Pretrial Detention Measures Offend the Constitution?, 19 MICH. J. RACE & L. 415 (2014). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjrl/vol19/iss2/5 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Michigan Journal of Race and Law by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE MEASURES AND THE WAR ON TERROR: WHEN DO EXTREME PRETRIAL DETENTION MEASURES OFFEND THE CONSTITUTION? Andrew Dalack* Our criminal justice system is founded upon a belief that one is innocent until proven guilty. This belief is what foists the burden of proving a person’s guilt upon the government and belies a statutory presumption in favor of allowing a defendant to remain free pending trial at the federal level. Though there are certainly circum- stances in which a federal magistrate judge may—and sometimes must—remand a defendant to jail pending trial, it is well-settled that pretrial detention itself inher- ently prejudices the quality of a person’s defense. -
The American University in Cairo School of Humanities and Social Sciences
1 The American University in Cairo School of Humanities and Social Sciences Alternative Causes of Civil War Onset – Repression and Signals From External Actors: A Comparative Case Study of Bahrain and Syria A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Political Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts by Katherine Ann Kassanitz (under the supervision of Dr. Kevin Koehler) April 2016 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………… 4 A. Background of the Problem………………………………………………..4 B. Statement of the Problem…………………………………………………..7 C. Purpose of the Study……………………………………………………….8 D. Overview of Chapters to Come………………………………………...…15 II. LITERATURE REVIEW……………………………………………………17 A. Causes of Civil War Onset………………………………………………..18 1. Grievance Theories……………………………………………………19 2. Greed Theories………………………………………………………...20 3. Repression Theories…………………………………………………...23 4. Transnational Factors and Civil ……………………………………33 III. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK & RESEARCH DESIGN……………….44 A. Why Bahrain and Syria?.............................................................................44 1. Shared Country-Specific Characteristics……………………………...44 2. How these Shared Features Effected their Similar Responses to the Arab Spring Protests…………………………………………………..45 B. Hypotheses………………………………………………………………..49 A. Escalation Theory…………………………………………………….49 B. Signaling Theory……………………………………………………...49 C. Research Design…………………………………………………………..49 IV. BAHRAIN…………………………………………………………………...53 A. Background History………………………………………………………53 -
Bahrain Protest Deaths Point to Excessive Police Force
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL PRESS RELEASE AI Index: PRE 01/063/2011 15 February 2011 Bahrain protest deaths point to excessive police force Amnesty International has condemned the heavy-handed tactics used by Bahrain’s riot police earlier today after the second death in two days of protests calling for political reform in the tiny Gulf state. Fadhel ‘Ali Matrook was among a crowd of people mourning the death yesterday of ‘Ali ‘Abdulhadi Mushaima’, killed in clashes between protesters and police, when he was shot dead by police earlier today in Bahrain’s capital, Manama. Riot police are said to have opened fire on the crowd without warning during the funeral. “This second killing within two days is both tragic and a very worrying development,” said Malcolm Smart, Amnesty International’s Director for the Middle East and North Africa. “The Bahrain authorities must thoroughly investigate what occurred, stand down the police involved in these shootings and make clear to the police that the use of excessive force will not be tolerated.” “An independent investigation is also urgently required to establish the facts, particularly whether the level of force used by the police, both yesterday and today, can possibly be justified.” “Eyewitness reports of today’s shooting received by Amnesty International suggest strongly that Fadhel ‘Ali Matrook’s death was caused by excessive force, in which case the police responsible must be brought to justice.” Over 10,000 people reportedly joined today’s funeral procession for ‘Ali ‘Abdulhadi Mushaima’, who died on Monday during clashes with riot police in the village of al-Daih, east of Manama. -
Facebook Revolution": Exploring the Meme-Like Spread of Narratives During the Egyptian Protests
It was a "Facebook revolution": Exploring the meme-like spread of narratives during the Egyptian protests. Fue una "Revolución de Facebook": Explorando la narrativa de los meme difundidos durante las protestas egipcias. Summer Harlow1 Recibido el 14 de mayo de 2013- Aceptado el 22 de julio de 2013 ABSTRACT: Considering online social media’s importance in the Arab Spring, this study is a preliminary exploration of the spread of narratives via new media technologies. Via a textual analysis of Facebook comments and traditional news media stories during the 2011 Egyptian uprisings, this study uses the concept of “memes” to move beyond dominant social movement paradigms and suggest that the telling and re-telling, both online and offline, of the principal narrative of a “Facebook revolution” helped involve people in the protests. Keywords: Activism, digital media, Egypt, social media, social movements. RESUMEN: Éste es un estudio preliminar sobre el rol desempeñado por un estilo narrativo de los medios sociales, conocido como meme, durante la primavera árabe. Para ello, realiza un análisis textual de los principales comentarios e historias vertidas en Facebook y retratadas en los medios tradicionales, durante las protestas egipcias de 2011. En concreto, este trabajo captura los principales “memes” de esta historia, en calidad de literatura principal de este movimiento social y analiza cómo el contar y el volver a contar estas historias, tanto en línea como fuera de línea, se convirtió en un estilo narrativo de la “revolución de Facebook” que ayudó a involucrar a la gente en la protesta. Palabras claves: Activismo, medios digitales, Egipto, medios sociales, movimientos sociales. -
Spring 2021 Advocate
SPRING EDITION 2021 VOL. 30, NO. 3 MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT BY: STEVEN F. GRIFFITH, JR. I sit here, just a day after our The New Orleans Chapter’s Justice Camp is a top notch April Board meeting, and I program that we offer to young people in New Orleans find myself throwing out my each summer, with a focus on the role of the judiciary, planned remarks regarding our and all its participants (attorneys, judges, jurors, etc.). upcoming Chapter program- The program has attained national recognition, and just ming (you should still attend last week, I was communicating with a Magistrate Judge these fabulous programs, and I in another court as that Court hopes to model its program will mention them later, but my after ours. In our program, we have speakers from our mind is now on other things). organization (i.e., people like you . .) that teach the kids the fundamentals of the legal system, including ca- Several months ago, our Board began a practice of in- reers within that system, and to develop basic advocacy viting some of our partners to attend and address our skills in a fun, interesting, and interactive format. So, monthly Board meetings about their ongoing activities, back to yesterday’s meeting. priorities, challenges for the year, and ways in which our Chapter could assist their efforts. We have heard from In yesterday’s meeting, Courtney talked about her ex- West Allen, the President of the National FBA organiza- perience at Justice Camp, how much she enjoyed it, and tion; Jim Hammerschmidt, the President of the FBA Bar then she explained how excited she was to be going to Foundation; and Camille Bryant, President of the Louis college next year. -
SAUDI ARABIA FACES a CHANGING MIDDLE EAST October 26, 2011 Gloria-Center.Org
http://www.gloria-center.org/2011/10/saudi-arabia-faces-a-changing-middle-east/ SAUDI ARABIA FACES A CHANGING MIDDLE EAST October 26, 2011 gloria-center.org The calls for democracy during the “Arab Spring” presented the Saudi Arabian regime with serious challenges. Traditional allies such as the leaders of Tunisia and Egypt fell by the wayside leaving Riyadh practically alone as defender of an authoritarian government. The flames of protest grew closer as both Yemen and Bahrain experienced major unrest. An embryonic Saudi protest movement was snuffed out by a combination of threats and massive financial aid. The kingdom remains stable, since its rulers continue to maneuver skillfully between conservatives and reformers and oil revenue buys support. Still, Saudi Arabia’s rulers are watching matters closely and trying to manage slow change that does not undermine the regime. Saudi Arabia’s royal family has faced major–but not unprecedented–challenges as Arab unrest has spread throughout the region since early 2011. The year had already started out poorly for Riyadh, when in January, the Lebanese government it had backed along with the United States fell due to pressure from the Syrian-backed Hizballah. Its ally, Tunisian President Zine al-Abidine bin Ali, was thrown out of office by a popular rebellion in mid-January, followed by Egyptian President Husni Mubarak’s departure from power on February 11. The demonstration effect was clearly evident as eruptions occurred in Morocco; Jordan; Libya; Yemen; Syria; Oman; Kuwait; and most ominously for Riyadh, in Bahrain. In foreign affairs, Saudi Arabia lost a close and strong ally against Iranian influence with Mubarak’s departure. -
Weaponizing Tear Gas: Bahrain’S Unprecedented Use of Toxic Chemical Agents Against Civilians
Physicians for Human Rights Weaponizing Tear Gas: Bahrain’s Unprecedented Use of Toxic Chemical Agents Against Civilians August 2012 physiciansforhumanrights.org About Physicians for Human Rights Physicians for Human Rights (PHR) uses medicine and science to investigate and expose human rights violations. We work to prevent rights abuses by seeking justice and holding offenders accountable. Since 1986, PHR has conducted investigations in more than 40 countries, including on: 1987 — Use of toxic chemical agents in South Korea 1988 — Iraq’s use of chemical weapons against Kurds 1988 — Use of toxic chemical agents in West Bank and the Gaza Strip 1989 — Use of chemical warfare agents in Soviet Georgia 1996 — Exhumation of mass graves in the Balkans 1996 — Critical forensic evidence of genocide in Rwanda 1999 — Drafting the UN-endorsed guidelines for documentation of torture 2004 — Documentation of the genocide in Darfur 2008 — US complicity of torture in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Guantánamo Bay 2010 — Human experimentation by CIA medical personnel on prisoners in violation of the Nuremberg Code 2011 — Violations of medical neutrality in times of armed conflict and civil unrest during the Arab Spring ... 2 Arrow Street | Suite 301 1156 15th Street, NW | Suite 1001 Cambridge, MA 02138 USA Washington, DC 20005 USA +1 617 301 4200 +1 202 728 5335 physiciansforhumanrights.org ©2012, Physicians for Human Rights. All rights reserved. ISBN: 1-879707-68-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2012945532 Cover photo: Bahraini anti-riot police fire tear gas grenades at peaceful and unarmed civilians protesters, including a Shi’a cleric, in June 2012. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QxauI5hdjqk. -
Collaboration EDITOR’S CHOICE “Alone We Can Do So Little; Together We Can Do So Much.” (Helen Keller) NATIONAL NEWS
IN THIS ISSUE: EDITOR’S NOTE Collaboration EDITOR’S CHOICE “Alone we can do so little; together we can do so much.” (Helen Keller) NATIONAL NEWS STATE NEWS This was the spirit in which the idea of developing a Memorandum of Cooperation (MOC) between the Association of State Wetland Managers (ASWM) and the Society WETLAND SCIENCE NEWS of Wetland Scientists (SWS) was born. RESOURCES & PUBLICATIONS Signed on September 30th, 2015 by Jeanne Christie, POTPOURRI ASWM Executive Director, and on October 7th, 2015 by Kimberly Ponzio, SWS President, the MOC creates a CALENDAR OF EVENTS formal partnership between ASWM and SWS, recognizing INDEX the fact they share the common goal of encouraging sound science in wetland research, management, restoration, policy, and conservation. A copy of the MOC can be found here. This agreement will pave the way for To view the October issue of greater collaboration between both organizations to promote and enhance protection and management of Wetland Breaking News as wetland resources, to promote application of sound well as past issues on our science to wetland management efforts, and to provide website, please click here. training and education for our members and the public. ASWM and SWS will cooperate on communications, Visit ASWM online to read workshops, symposia, conferences, publications and other knowledge-sharing efforts. weekly news updates between issues. The world of “Wetlandia” is too small to work in isolation. I’m sure you all find as I have, that whenever I go to a wetland conference, I always see familiar faces. And Please send comments and when I meet someone new, I find out that they are directly connected to someone else news stories to I know. -
Prefering Order to Justice Laura Rovner
American University Law Review Volume 61 | Issue 5 Article 3 2012 Prefering Order to Justice Laura Rovner Jeanne Theoharis Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/aulr Part of the Courts Commons Recommended Citation Rovner, Laura, and Jeanne Theoharis. "Prefering Order to Justice." American University Law Review 61, no.5 (2012): 1331-1415. This Essay is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in American University Law Review by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Prefering Order to Justice This essay is available in American University Law Review: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/aulr/vol61/iss5/3 ROVNER‐THEOHARIS.OFF.TO.PRINTER (DO NOT DELETE) 6/14/2012 7:12 PM PREFERRING ORDER TO JUSTICE ∗ LAURA ROVNER & JEANNE THEOHARIS In the decade since 9/11, much has been written about the “War on Terror” and the lack of justice for people detained at Guantanamo or subjected to rendition and torture in CIA black sites. A central focus of the critique is the unreviewability of Executive branch action toward those detained and tried in military commissions. In those critiques, the federal courts are regularly celebrated for their due process and other rights protections. Yet in the past ten years, there has been little scrutiny of the hundreds of terrorism cases tried in the Article III courts and the state of the rights of people accused of terrrorism-related offenses in the federal system. -
Message from the President By: Hon
SUMMER EDITION 2016 VOL. 25, NO. 4 MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT BY: HON. SARAH S. VANCE On July 31, 2016, the Eastern will be filled, but she will not be replaced. I am proud to District of Louisiana will say call her my friend.” goodbye to Magistrate Judge Sally Shushan. Magistrate Judge Shushan Chief Magistrate Judge Jay Wilkinson said of his has served the Eastern District colleague, “We’re really going to miss her around here, since February 1, 1999. Although not only because she is a work horse; but we’re also going our Advocate Editor contacted to miss her humor, her clear-eyed sensibility and her good Magistrate Judge Shushan for advice.” It is certainly true that Magistrate Judge Shushan a feature article, she did not want the attention. That is will be sorely missed, but I am sure we can count on seeing typical of Magistrate Shushan who never wanted to take her across the street at her beloved Lafayette Square – just credit or draw attention to herself. Small in stature, but look for the lady handing out doggie poop bags. large in presence, Magistrate Judge Shushan leaves a The Eastern District is pleased to announce the selection legacy of being one of the most effective magistrate of Janis van Meerveld as its newest Magistrate Judge. judges in the history of the Eastern District. As Judge Although Ms. van Meerveld has big shoes to fill, we are Stanwood Duval described her, “She is a rare combination confident that she is up for the challenge, and she will hit of intelligence, fairness, a super-human work ethic, and a the ground running.