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Parallel Chess Searching and Bitboards
Parallel Chess Searching and Bitboards David Ravn Rasmussen August 2004 Abstract In order to make chess programs faster and thus stronger, the two approaches of parallelizing the search and of using clever data structures have been suc- cessful in the past. In this project it is examined how the use of a specific data structure called a bitboard affects the performance of parallel search. For this, a realistic bitboard chess program with important modern enhance- ments is implemented, and several experiments are done to evaluate the performance of the implementation. A maximum speedup of 9.2 on 22 pro- cessors is achieved in one experiment and a maximum speedup of 9.4 on 12 processors is achieved in another experiment. These results indicate that bitboards are a realistic choice of data structure in a parallel chess program, although the considerable difference in the two results suggests that more research could be done to clarify what factors affect such an implementation, and how. I II Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 The Game Of Chess 5 2.1 TheBoard............................. 6 2.2 TheArmies ............................ 6 2.3 TheMoves............................. 6 2.3.1 TheBishop ........................ 7 2.3.2 TheRook ......................... 7 2.3.3 TheQueen ........................ 8 2.3.4 TheKnight ........................ 8 2.3.5 TheKing ......................... 8 2.3.6 ThePawn ......................... 10 2.4 TheEnd.............................. 11 3 Game Trees and Searching 13 3.1 GameTrees ............................ 13 3.2 SearchAlgorithms ........................ 15 3.2.1 Minimax.......................... 16 3.2.2 Negamax ......................... 18 3.2.3 Evaluation......................... 18 3.2.4 Alpha-BetaSearch . 20 4 Search Algorithm Improvements 25 4.1 AspirationWindows . -
1 Najdorf Sicilian Focus on the Critical D5 Squar One the Most Common Openings in the Past 50 Years Is the Najdorf Variation Of
1 Najdorf Sicilian will try to keep full control over the d5 Focus on the Critical d5 Squar square, and try to maintain the possibility of placing and keeping a piece One the most common openings in the on d5. Fully controlling the d5 square past 50 years is the Najdorf variation of allows white to affect both sides of the the Sicilian Defense. The Najdorf offers board. In order to assure that control, many different possibilities, starting from white wants to trade off black pieces extremely sharp, poison pawn variation that can control d5. For example, he (1. e4, c5 2. nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 wants to play with Bg5, in order to trade Nf6 5. Nc3 a6 6. Bg5 e6 7. f4 Qb6 8. off the Knight on f6. He also will Qd2 Qxb2! ) to extremely positional lines increase the number of his own pieces (1. e4, c5 2. nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 that can control d5, with maneuvers like Nf6 5. Nc3 a6 6. Be2 e5 7. Nb3 ... ) bishop to c4, then b3, and the knight on Somewhere between those two lines is f3 going to d2-c4-e3. It seems that white the following position, which I will try to has full control of the situation. So why explain. 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 does black choose to create this pawn 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 a6 6.Be3 e5 7.Nf3 structure? The answer is because this is Diagram one of the rare Sicilian pawn structures abcdef gh that gives the black side a slight space advantage. -
A Glimpse Into the Complex Mind of Bobby Fischer July 24, 2014 – June 7, 2015
Media Contact: Amanda Cook [email protected] 314-598-0544 A Memorable Life: A Glimpse into the Complex Mind of Bobby Fischer July 24, 2014 – June 7, 2015 July XX, 2014 (Saint Louis, MO) – From his earliest years as a child prodigy to becoming the only player ever to achieve a perfect score in the U.S. Chess Championships, from winning the World Championship in 1972 against Boris Spassky to living out a controversial retirement, Bobby Fischer stands as one of chess’s most complicated and compelling figures. A Memorable Life: A Glimpse into the Complex Mind of Bobby Fischer opens July 24, 2014, at the World Chess Hall of Fame (WCHOF) and will celebrate Fischer’s incredible career while examining his singular intellect. The show runs through June 7, 2015. “We are thrilled to showcase many never-before-seen artifacts that capture Fischer’s career in a unique way. Those who study chess will have the rare opportunity to learn from his notes and books while casual fans will enjoy exploring this superstar’s personal story,” said WCHOF Chief Curator Bobby Fischer, seen from above, Shannon Bailey. makes a move during the 1966 Piatigorsky Cup. Several of the rarest pieces on display are on generous loan from Dr. Jeanne and Rex Sinquefield, owners of a a collection of material from Fischer’s own library that includes 320 books and 400 periodicals. These items supplement highlights from WCHOF’s permanent collection to create a spectacular show. Highlights from the exhibition: Furniture from the home of Fischer’s mentor Jack Collins, which -
Super Human Chess Engine
SUPER HUMAN CHESS ENGINE FIDE Master / FIDE Trainer Charles Storey PGCE WORLD TOUR Young Masters Training Program SUPER HUMAN CHESS ENGINE Contents Contents .................................................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 2 Power Principles...................................................................................................................................... 4 Human Opening Book ............................................................................................................................. 5 ‘The Core’ Super Human Chess Engine 2020 ......................................................................................... 6 Acronym Algorthims that make The Storey Human Chess Engine ......................................................... 8 4Ps Prioritise Poorly Placed Pieces ................................................................................................... 10 CCTV Checks / Captures / Threats / Vulnerabilities ...................................................................... 11 CCTV 2.0 Checks / Checkmate Threats / Captures / Threats / Vulnerabilities ............................. 11 DAFiii Attack / Features / Initiative / I for tactics / Ideas (crazy) ................................................. 12 The Fruit Tree analysis process ............................................................................................................ -
Positional Attacks
Positional Attacks Joel Johnson Edited by: Patrick Hammond © Joel Johnson, January 2014 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission from Joel Johnson. Edited by: Patrick Hammond Cover Photography: Barry M. Evans Cover Design and Proofreading: Joel Johnson Game Searching: Joel Johnson, Richard J. Cowan, William Parker, Nick Desmarais Game Contributors: Brian Wall, Jack Young, Clyde Nakamura, James Rizzitano, Keith Hayward, Hal Terrie, Richard Cowan, Jesús Seoane, William Parker, Domingos Perego, Danielle Rice Linares Diagram and Linares Figurine fonts ©1993-2003 by Alpine Electronics, Steve Smith Alpine Electronics 703 Ivinson Ave. Laramie, WY 82070 Email: Alpine Chess Fonts ([email protected]) Website: http://www.partae.com/fonts/ Pressure Gauge graphic Image Copyright Araminta, 2012 Used under license from Shutterstock.com In Memoriam to my step dad and World War II Navy, Purple Heart Recipient, Theodore Kosiavelon, 12/22/1921 – 11/09/2012 CONTENTS Preface 7 Kudos 7 Brian Wall 8 Young Rising Stars 27 Daniil Dubov 27 Wei Yi 30 Section A – Pawn Roles 36 Pawn Structure 37 Ugliest Pawn Structure Ever? 38 Anchoring 41 Alien Pawn 48 Pawn Lever 63 Pawn Break 72 Center Pawn Mass 75 Isolated Pawn 94 Black Strategy 95 White Strategy 96 Eliminate the Isolated Pawn Weakness with d4-d5 96 Sacrifices on e6 & f7 , Often with f2-f4-f5 Played 99 Rook Lift Attack 104 Queenside Play 111 This Is Not Just -
Course Notes and Summary
FM Morefield’s Chess Curriculum: Course Review This PDF is intended to be used as a place to review the topics covered in the course and should not be used as a replacement. Feel free to save, print, or distribute this PDF as needed. Section 1: Background Information History ● Chess is widely assumed to have originated in India around the seventh century. ● Until the mid-1400s in Europe, chess was known as shatranj, which had different rules than modern chess. ● Some well-known authors and chess players from that time period are Greco, Lucena, and Ruy Lopez. ● The Romantic Era lasted from the late 18th century until the middle of the 19th century, and was characterized by sacrifices and aggressive play. ● Chess has widely been considered a sport since the late 1800s, when the World Chess Championship was organized for the first time. Other ● Chess is considered a game of planning and strategy because it is a game with no hidden information, where you and your opponent have the same pieces, so there is no luck. ● Studying chess seriously can bring you many benefits, but simply playing it won’t make you smarter. Section 2: Rules of the Game Setting Up the Board ● There are sixty-four squares on the board, and thirty-two pieces (sixteen per player). ● Each player’s pieces are made up of eight pawns, two knights, two bishops, two rooks, a queen, and a king. ● There are two players, Black and White. White moves first. ● If you’re using a physical board, rotate the board until there is a light square on the bottom right for each player. -
Starting Out: the Sicilian JOHN EMMS
starting out: the sicilian JOHN EMMS EVERYMAN CHESS Everyman Publishers pic www.everymanbooks.com First published 2002 by Everyman Publishers pIc, formerly Cadogan Books pIc, Gloucester Mansions, 140A Shaftesbury Avenue, London WC2H 8HD Copyright © 2002 John Emms Reprinted 2002 The right of John Emms to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyrights, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the publisher. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 1 857442490 Distributed in North America by The Globe Pequot Press, P.O Box 480, 246 Goose Lane, Guilford, CT 06437·0480. All other sales enquiries should be directed to Everyman Chess, Gloucester Mansions, 140A Shaftesbury Avenue, London WC2H 8HD tel: 020 7539 7600 fax: 020 7379 4060 email: [email protected] website: www.everymanbooks.com EVERYMAN CHESS SERIES (formerly Cadogan Chess) Chief Advisor: Garry Kasparov Commissioning editor: Byron Jacobs Typeset and edited by First Rank Publishing, Brighton Production by Book Production Services Printed and bound in Great Britain by The Cromwell Press Ltd., Trowbridge, Wiltshire Everyman Chess Starting Out Opening Guides: 1857442342 Starting Out: The King's Indian Joe Gallagher 1857442296 -
Read Book Garry Kasparov on My Great Predecessors
GARRY KASPAROV ON MY GREAT PREDECESSORS: PT. 4 PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Garry Kasparov | 496 pages | 01 Jan 2005 | EVERYMAN CHESS | 9781857443950 | English | London, United Kingdom Garry Kasparov on My Great Predecessors: Pt. 4 PDF Book Whether you've loved the book or not, if you give your honest and detailed thoughts then people will find new books that are right for them. Community Reviews. Zlatko Dimitrioski rated it it was amazing Aug 31, As always the analysis is top notch and the anecdotal stories are great! Jovany Agathe rated it liked it Nov 13, Both are great players and I would give Fischer and edge due to his results and his work ethic, whereas Kasparov could also deserve the top billing as the strongest player of his generation, a generation that was weened on the games of Fischer and others and played against players who had a deeper understanding of the game. For these reasons alone, I would call it a significant book, perhaps even one of this year's best. The primary value in Kasparov's series is that he teaches the most important classics volume 1 covers Greko through Alekhine. In that case, we can't The indefatigable Staunton, who had long dreamed of organizing a tournament of the leading players in the world, decided to make use of a convenient occasion - the Great Industrial Exhibition in London right from the moment that Prince Albert proposed it in In this book, a must for all serious chessplayers, Kasparov analyses deeply Fischer's greatest games and assesses the legacy of this great American genius. -
Mikhail Botvinnik Sixth World Chess Champion
Mikhail Botvinnik Sixth World Chess Champion Isaak & Vladimir Linder Foreword by Andy Soltis Game Annotations by Karsten Müller World Chess Champions Series 2020 Russell Enterprises, Inc. Milford, CT USA 1 1 Mikhail Botvinnik Sixth World Chess Champion ISBN: 978-1-949859-16-4 (print) ISBN: 949859-17-1 (eBook) © Copyright 2020 Vladimir Linder All Rights Reserved No part of this book may be used, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any manner or form whatsoever or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the express written permission from the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. Published by: Russell Enterprises, Inc. P.O. Box 3131 Milford, CT 06460 USA http://www.russell-enterprises.com [email protected] Cover by Janel Lowrance Printed in the United States of America 2 Table of Contents Foreword by Andy Soltis Signs and Symbols Everything about the World Championships Prologue Chapter 1 His Life and Fate His Childhood and Youth His Family His Personality His Student Life The Algorithm of Mastery The School of the Young and Gifted Political Survey Guest Appearances Curiosities The Netherlands Great Britain Chapter 2 Matches, Tournaments, and Opponents AVRO Tournament, 1938 Alekhine-Botvinnik: The Match That Did Not Happen Alekhine Memorial, 1956 Amsterdam, 1963 and 1966 Sergei Belavienets Isaak Boleslavsky Igor Bondarevsky David Bronstein Wageningen, 1958 Wijk aan Zee, 1969 World Olympiads -
THE MATCH of the CENTURY USSR Vs. WORLD Th 50 Anniversary Edition
Tigran Petrosian Aleksandar Matanović THE MATCH OF THE CENTURY USSR vs. WORLD th 50 Anniversary Edition Edited and revised by Douglas Griffin and Igor Žveglić Authors Tigran Petrosian Aleksandar Matanović Editorial board Vitomir Božić, Douglas Griffin, Branko Tadić, Igor Žveglić Design Miloš Majstorović Editing and Typesetting Katarina Tadić Editor-in-chief GM Branko Tadić General Manager Vitomir Božić President GM Aleksandar Matanović © Copyright 2020 Šahovski informator All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. No part of the Chess Informant system (classification of openings, endings and combinations, system of signs, etc.) may be used in other publications without prior permission in writing from the publisher. ISBN 978-86-7297-108-8 Publisher Šahovski informator 11001 Beograd, Francuska 31, Srbija Phone: (381 11) 2630-109 E-mail: [email protected], Internet: https://www.sahovski.com Contents SYSTEM OF SIGNS [ 4 ] Foreword [ 5 ] Introduction: Half a century ago [ 9 ] Articles in The Soviet & Russian press [ 11 ] M. A. Beilin Carnations for Victory over the World Team - The Submerged Reefs of the ‘Match of the Century’ [ 11 ] A. B. Roshal Ahead – A Great Match [ 14 ] B. M. Kažić The Match of the Century, Day by Day [ 16 ] A. B. Roshal Against a Blue Background [ 23 ] Board-by-board – player profiles and -
3 Fischer Vs. Bent Larsen
Copyright © 2020 by John Donaldson All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission from the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. First Edition 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Donaldson, John (William John), 1958- author. Title: Bobby Fischer and his world / by John Donaldson. Description: First Edition. | Los Angeles : Siles Press, 2020. Includes index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020031501 ISBN 9781890085193 (Trade Paperback) ISBN 9781890085544 (eBook) Subjects: LCSH: Fischer, Bobby, 1943-2008. | Chess players--United States--Biography. | Chess players--Anecdotes. | Chess--Collections of games. | Chess--Middle games. | Chess--Anecdotes. | Chess--History. Classification: LCC GV1439.F5 D66 2020 | DDC 794.1092 [B]--dc23 Cover Design and Artwork by Wade Lageose a division of Silman-James Press, Inc. www.silmanjamespress.com [email protected] CONTENTS Acknowledgments xv Introduction xvii A Note to the Reader xx Part One – Beginner to U.S. Junior Champion 1 1. Growing Up in Brooklyn 3 2. First Tournaments 10 U.S. Amateur Championship (1955) 10 U.S. Junior Open (1955) 13 3. Ron Gross, The Man Who Knew Bobby Fischer 33 4. Correspondence Player 43 5. Cache of Gems (The Targ Donation) 47 6. “The year 1956 turned out to be a big one for me in chess.” 51 7. “Let’s schusse!” 57 8. “Bobby Fischer rang my doorbell.” 71 9. 1956 Tournaments 81 U.S. Amateur Championship (1956) 81 U.S. Junior (1956) 87 U.S Open (1956) 88 Third Lessing J. -
Brekke the Chess Saga of Fridrik Olafsson
ØYSTEIN BREKKE | FRIDRIK ÓLAFSSON The Chess Saga of FRIÐRIK ÓLAFSSON with special contributions from Gudmundur G. Thórarinsson, Gunnar Finnlaugsson, Tiger Hillarp Persson, Axel Smith, Ian Rogers, Yasser Seirawan, Jan Timman, Margeir Pétursson and Jóhann Hjartarson NORSK SJAKKFORLAG TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword by President of Iceland, Guðni Th. Jóhannesson ..................4 Preface .........................................................5 Norsk Sjakkforlag Fridrik Ólafsson and his Achievements by Gudmundur G. Thorarinsson .....8 Øystein Brekke Haugesgate 84 A Chapter 1: 1946 – 54 From Childhood to Nordic Champion .............10 3019 Drammen, Norway Mail: [email protected] Chapter 2: 1955 – 57 National Hero and International Master ...........42 Tlf. +47 32 82 10 64 / +47 91 18 91 90 www.sjakkforlag.no Chapter 3: 1958 – 59 A World Championship Candidate at 23 ..........64 www.sjakkbutikken.no Chapter 4: 1960 – 62 Missed Qualification in the 1962 Interzonal ........94 ISBN 978-82-90779-28-8 Chapter 5: 1963 – 68 From Los Angeles to Reykjavik ..................114 Authors: Øystein Brekke & Fridrik Ólafsson Chapter 6: 1969 – 73 The World’s Strongest Amateur Player ............134 Design: Tommy Modøl & Øystein Brekke Proof-reading: Tony Gillam & Hakon Adler Chapter 7: 1974 – 76 Hunting New Tournament Victories ..............166 Front page photo: Chapter 8: 1977 – 82 Brilliant Games & President of FIDE ..............206 Fridrik in the Beverwijk tournament 1961. (Harry Pot, Nationaal Archief) Chapter 9: 1983 – 99 Fridrik and the Golden Era of Icelandic Chess ....246 Production: XIDE AS & Norsk Sjakkforlag Chapter 10: 2000 – An Honorary Veteran Still Attacking ..............262 Cover: XIDE AS & Norsk Sjakkforlag Printing and binding: XIDE AS Games in the Book ................................................282 Paper: Multiart Silk 115 gram Opening index ....................................................284 Copyright © 2021 by Norsk Sjakkforlag / Øystein Brekke Index of opponents, photos and illustrations ...........................285 All rights reserved.