Subject Index J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): •1

Subject Index

A Actin-rich protrusive structure, 10995 extracellular signal-regulated kinase, 4228, 6955 Action. See also Behavior fibrillar amyloid ␤-stimulated microglial, 11982 A11 cell group neuron, 12532 ␥-aminobutyric acid, 6982 gamma, 13962 A117V transgenic mouse, 10072 aversion and, 15669 gamma-band electrocorticographic, 10203 AAV. See Adeno-associated virus countermanding, 9059 guanosine triphosphatase, 14534 A␤. See Amyloid goal-directed, 6154, 8280, 14617 homopentameric cysteine-loop receptor, 6022 ABCA1. See Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter past, 15669 human brain, 10563 A1 prefrontal dopamine and, 6599 hypothalamus-brainstem circuit, 8302 ABCG2, 5463 reelin, 10653 inhibition of, 13543, 13823 Abducens motoneuron, 575 transsynaptic, 9809 integrin, 12506 Aberrant frontoparietal function, 11347 Action choice, 13365, 14701 kinase, 5758, 7607 Ablation, conditional, 10869 Action goal, 11134 local field potential, 5354 Abnormal chemosensory jump 6, 12940 Action knowledge, 4922 locomotor, 4155, 13283 Abnormal involuntary movement, 4829 Action network, cortical, 4922 matrix metalloproteinase-9, 3508 Abnormal muscle spindle development, 4719 Action potential, 6897 maturation of, 12558 Abnormal water diffusion, 3508 backpropagating, 3233, 7803 memory and, 14463 Absence epilepsy, 2833 basal, 15586 metabotropic, 2890 Absence seizure, 371 repetitive postsynaptic, 11153 metabotropic glutamate receptor, 9281 Absence timing, 14383 Action potential phasing, 13353 N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, 14581 Abstinent methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 14050 Action selection, 3148, 6105, 6926 microglia, 3781 Abundance, calcium ion channel, 10730 Action sequence chunking, 8280 miniature excitatory synaptic, 13222 Abuse, drug. See Drug, abuse of Action space, structured, 13524 motoneuron, 11732 AC. See Adenylyl cyclase Action value, 7489, 11182 motor, 9351 ACC. See Anterior cingulate cortex Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule, 15630 multisite local field potential, 5354 aCC. See Adenylate cyclase Activated N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, 6819 neocortical network, 10890 Accessory olfactory bulb, 14211 Active input on dendrite, 6406 network, 328, 10890 Accumbens, nucleus. See Nucleus accumbens Active zone, 351, 517 neural (See Neural activity) Accumbens core, 12275 development of, 11484 neuritogenic, 3220 Accumbens shell, 1331, 12275 differentiation and, 5207 neuron, 591, 5616, 6691, 8871 Accumulation Activity/Activation, 2334, 2890, 2972, 3182, 3206, 3288, 3307, nicotinic adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, 13823 at excitatory synapse, 4004 4155. See also Inactivation; specific types, e.g. Calcium- nucleus accumbens, 9582 psychosine, 6068 activated occupancy and, 6022 ACd. See Anterior cingulate cortex acetylcholine release and, 3808 opioid, 4293, 6500 Acetate, methylazoxymethanol, 2344 acid-sensing ion channel-1a, 14371 oscillatory, 9481 Acetylation, protein, 2824 afferent, 10025 p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, 3518 Acetylcholine, 52, 1626 ␣-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid re- pacemaker, 15414 extracellular, 3808 ceptor, 6308 pathway, 10299 Acetylcholine receptor, 842 ␥-aminobutyric acid receptor, 11650 performance-related, 11880 muscarinic, 14271, 14942 amygdala, 9123 periodic afferent, 10025 nicotinic (See Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor) amygdala opioid, 6500 peripheral, 8051 Acetylcholine release, 2272, 3808 amyloid ␤-induced calpain, 4640 persistent cortical, 7513 Acetylcholinesterase biosynthesis, 4519 anticipatory, 11880 place cell, 898 Acetylcholinesterase targeting, 4519 asynchronous neuron, 8871 prelimbic, 8474 Acetyltransferase, histone, 2824 ATPase, 12079 prestimulus, 2725 ACh. See Acetylcholine auditory cortical, 15898 proteolipid promotor, 7256 AChE. See Acetylcholinesterase autocrine, 12702 Rab3A guanosine triphosphatase, 14534 AChR. See Acetylcholine receptor autophagy, 13578 regulation of, 5276, 8129 Acid. See specific acid by name axotomy-induced Smad1, 7116 rest-related, 14463 Acidosis-induced neuron death, 14371 background, 10234 rhythmic motor, 9351 Acid-sensing ion channel 1a, 14371 biphasic, 7424 rostral shift in, 7166 in amygdala, 5381, 6053 brain, 8604, 10563, 14463, 14812 short-latency, 6336 depression and, 5381 brain glucose metabolic, 9961 slow-wave, 620 fear and, 6053 breathing, 5806 Sonic hedgehog, 10299 Acid-sensing ion channel 2, 8438 calcium-dependent chloride channel, 6809 spatiotemporal, 7166 Acj. See Abnormal chemosensory jump cannabinoid receptor, 11078 spike, 5062, 5276 Acoustically evoked discharge, 9510 cerebral, 7053 spike train, 10234 Acoustic communication, 2575 cerebrocortical, 15126 spinal neuron, 6691 Acoustic rate, 61 chemokine receptor, 8051 spontaneous, 8512, 9510, 14596 Acoustics, 454 cofilin, 8129 spontaneous bursting, 12131 Acquired channelopathy, 4430 contralateral, 6353, 8187 spontaneous calcium spike, 7877 Acquisition, 2762, 3302 correlated, 1077 state-dependent gamma, 13962 sequential, 6234 cortical (See Cortical activity) stimulus-induced gamma, 13962 of simple motor skill, 5784 cortical oscillatory, 9481 striatal network, 7540 ACTH. See Adrenocorticotrophic hormone corticostriatal, 2414 subthreshold, 15213 Actin, 550, 638, 863, 1586 decorrelation of, 10890 superior temporal sulcus, 4542 Actin cytoskeleton, 288, 10869 dopamine receptor, 6124, 10785 sustained, 6353, 11880 rearrangement of, 13971 dynamic, 10264 synaptic (See Synaptic activity) Actin depolymerization, 2926 electrical, 2167 synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate, 4442 Actin-depolymerizing factor/cofilin, 12994 electrocorticographic, 10203 task-dependent, 13338 Actin filament, 15083 enzymatic, 5525 theta, 8094 Actin network interference, 12167 error-related, 7158 tonic, 11294 Actin rearrangement, 12244 excitatory synaptic, 13222 transcription factor, 12101 2 • J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): Subject Index

tuberous sclerosis complex, 5926 Adenosine triphosphatase extinction and, 10802 tyrosine kinase-dependent, 14451 ATPase activity, 12079 healthy, 8774 visual area V4, 7432 secretory pathway calcium ion-ATPase isoform 1, 12174 neurodegeneration and, 7290 working memory, 14463 sodium/potassium-ATPase, 4498, 8143 neurogenesis and, 4408 Activity dependence, 4004, 14855 sodium/potassium-ATPase ␤3 subunit, 7877 olfactory bulb, 11385 Activity-dependent anchoring, 15613 Adenosine triphosphate, 14713 spatial memory and, 10835 Activity-dependent bulk endocytosis, 7706 taste bud and, 13909 Age-dependent impairment, 10144, 10741 Activity-dependent change, 8764 Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1, 3579 Age-related difference, 15684 Activity-dependent codevelopment, 8816 Adenosine triphosphate metabolite, 14713 Aggregate, fibrillar, 9104 Activity-dependent learning, 6514 Adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium ion channel, 7137 Aggregation state, amyloid, 9321 Activity-dependent maturation, 11294 Adenosine triphosphate synthase, 2053 Aggression, 2676 Activity-dependent regulation, 4658, 5425 Adenylate cyclase, 2393 Agnosia, visual form, 5854 Activity-dependent repression, 5425 Adenylyl cyclase Agonism, 13264 Activity-dependent secretion, 23, 14185 AC1, 10835 adenosine receptor, 14015 Activity-dependent synaptic development, 11852 AC5, 12115 selective, 4564 Activity-dependent trafficking, 12845 overexpression of, 10835 Agonist, 1937 Activity-dependent vesicular monoamine transporter, 15878 Adenylyltransferase. See Nicotinamide mononucleotide Agonist binding site, 6022 Activity fluctuation, 13410 adenylyltransferase Agonist potency modulation, 4287 Activity level, 6320 ADHD. See Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Agonist sensitivity, 13898 Activity pattern, 5516 Adhesion AHP. See Afterhyperpolarization Activity pattern-dependent long-term potentiation, 5587 cell (See Cell adhesion) AIF. See Apoptosis-inducing factor Activity profile, 4664 granule cell, 7439 AIM. See Abnormal involuntary movement Activity propagation, 4782 growth cone, 13981 Aimed scratching movement, 3897 Acuity, tactile spatial, 15756 modifier of cell, 118 Airflow, nasal, 12070 Acutely applied estradiol, 5616 Adhesion kinase, focal, 6649, 8129 AKAP. See A-kinase anchoring protein Aczonin/Piccolo domain, 12584 Adhesive contact, 12449 A-kinase anchoring protein 79/150, 7929 ADAM. See A disintegrin and metalloproteinase A disintegrin and metalloproteinase-10, 4605 Akt, 998, 1093, 1657 Adaptation, 169, 2553, 8996 ADP. See Afterdepolarization phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/, 775, 4564 behavioral, 2794 Adrenal chromaffin cell, 7137 Akt signal, 6860 of cortical neuron, 13837 Adrenergic innervation, 3613 ALCAM. See Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule ␣ dual, 10396 2-Adrenergic receptor, 13264 Alcohol dynamic range, 13797 ␣1b-Adrenergic receptor, 987 addiction to, 8655 face, 12035 Adrenocorticotrophic hormone, 1404 binge drinking, 8655 fast, 4023 Adult, 3276 gating and, 13494 functional magnetic resonance imaging, 1688 Adult avian forebrain, 6558 interoception and, 9582 and inferior colliculus, 5483 Adult avian song nucleus, 4586 withdrawal from, 5389 mechanism, 5009 Adult-born hippocampal neuron, 14484 Aldosterone, 2857 motor, 13019 Adult brain, 5949 Alkalization, 153 night vision and, 5716 Adult hippocampus, 7966 Allan-Herdon-Dudley syndrome, 9439 peripheral, 3067 Adult neuroblast, 5075 Allele, 15810 rapid, 2695 Adult neuroblast plasticity, 5075 Alligator, 7978 saccadic, 250, 11055 Adult neurogenesis, 86, 7966 Allocation, adaptive, 11933 spike frequency, 2626 Adult-onset motoneuron disease, 8236 Allocentric body, 4162 stimulus-specific, 5483, 7359, 13837 Adult plasticity, 15910 Allocentric encoding, 10512 superior colliculus and, 5266 Adult starling, 6871 Allodynia, 2519 task-dependent, 5784 Adult testosterone treatment, 7658 Allopregnanolone, 6449 visuomotor, 15053 Adult zebrafish cerebellum, 6142 Allosteric modulation, positive, 8734 Adaptation learning, 6472 AEA. See Anandamide Allosteric potentiation, 14271 Adaptation mechanism, 2626 AF4, 15366 Alpha, 1699 Adapting mechanoreceptor, slowly, 9370 Affective pain, 3307 ␣3-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, 6883 Adaptive allocation, 11933 Affective regulation, 1395 ␣4␤2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, 12428 Adaptive behavior, 2876, 3148 Affective state valence, 7199 ␣7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, 7137, 8805, 12625, 14847 Adaptive coding, 7489 Afferent, 686. See also Deafferentation amyloid ␤ and, 10961 Adaptive control of saccade, 12930 cortical, 7815 ␣9 integrin, 5546 Adaptive decision, mediation of, 11020 cranial visceral, 12886 ␣ oscillation, 10855 ␣ ␦ Adaptive gaze control, 6234 glutamatergic, 3093 2 -1 calcium channel subunit, 4076 ␣ ␦ Adaptive immune inflammation, 11511 mammillary, 7815 2 ligand pregabalin, 4076 Adaptive optimal control, 6472 synaptic properties of, 7815 Alpha rhythm, 2725, 5863 Adaptive rewiring, 8187 thalamic, 13919 ALS. See Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Adaptor complex AP-2, 3865 Afferent activity, periodic, 10025 Alteration Adaptor protein, nitric oxide synthase 1, 8248 Afferent neuron, tactile, 8022 amyloid ␤-related synaptic, 9704 Addiction, 543, 1331 Afferent pathway, functional, 2762 axon, 3172 cocaine, 4846, 6001 Afg3l2, 9244 cocaine-induced, 3715 drug, 4035 Afterdepolarization, 973, 10038 early functional, 4871 Additive signal, 10671 Aftereffect, ventriloquism, 13809 in local field potential, 5354 Adenine dinucleotide, neuron nicotinamide, 5525 Afterhyperpolarization, 973, 4750 spike train, 6207 Adeno-associated viral vector, 1544, 1897 Afterimage, negative, 8996 synaptic, inflammation and, 3442 Adeno-associated virus, 179, 1257, 3365 Age/Aging, 529, 15223 Alternating locomotor circuitry, left-right, 15642 Adenomatous polyposis coli 2, 11628 amyloid burden and, 12686 Alternatively spliced isoform, 6250 Adenosine, 1267 attenuation in, 11698 Alternative splice variant, 4287 Adenosine-evoked hyperpolarization, 11237 auditory cortex and, 6078 Alternative splicing, 1904 Adenosine monophosphate, cyclic See Cyclic adenosine monophos- brain (See Brain aging) Alzheimer-like neuritic cytoskeletal striation, 12994 phate calcium-related biomarker of, 6058 Alzheimer pathology, 4964 Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, 2997 cognitive, 5108 Alzheimer’s disease, 3, 918, 1115, 1805, 1846, 1860, 2774, 4708,

Adenosine receptor A2A, 14015, 14741, 15100 estradiol and, 6058 5108, 5463, 5758, 8774, 8805 Adenosine receptor agonist, 14015 excitability and, 4750 amyloid ␤ and, 3603, 8075, 10961 Subject Index J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): •3

amyloid pathology in, 9665 plasticity and, 9592 mediation by, 14451 amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme and, 12787 pregnancy and, 9592 pathway dependent on, 10405 ␤-catenin signaling and, 12369 ␥-Aminobutyric acid transporter 1, 15836 Reelin and, 7459 cholesterol and, 6394 ␥-Aminobutyric acid-triggered depolarization, 3419 regulation of, 4442 cognition and, 12957 Amino-terminal domain, 12045 ␣-secretase, 4442 impaired balance and, 9090 Ammonia, 153 soluble, 11226 memory and, 8075 Amnesia, 930, 10900 transsynaptic interaction of, 10788 mouse model of, 7957, 8805, 9321, 10144 AMP. See Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase Amyloid precursor protein anterograde transport, 14534 neurogenesis in, 6545 AMPA. See ␣-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic Amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme, 12787 pathology in, 9665 acid Amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 mouse, 10706, 14108 progenitor cell and, 6545, 12369 Amperometry, 620, 863 Amyloid precursor protein signaling, 15703 seizure and, 3453 Amphetamine, 1361, 3328 Amyloid precursor protein transport, 9704 sildenafil and, 8075 chronic exposure to, 10663 Amyloid reduction, 7957 soluble amyloid ␤ and, 4252 cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, 6973 Amyloid suppression, 4964 synaptic function and, 8075 AMPK. See Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 610 synaptic targeting and, 4004 Amplifier, conditional, of spike transmission, 5000 mouse model of, 15031 tau pathology in, 9665 Amplitude, calcium transient, 15586 superoxide dismutase 1-dependent, 13850 transgenic mouse model of, 9321, 10144 Amygdala, 43, 402, 678, 1132, 1191, 1817, 9961 Anabolic androgenic steroid, 12484 Viagra and, 8075 acid-sensing ion channel-1a in, 5381, 6053 Analgesia/Analgesic Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis, 9078 actin rearrangement within, 12244 counterirritation, 14236 Amacrine cell activation of, 9123 endogenous lipoamino acid and, 13106 AII, 14903 basolateral (See Basolateral amygdala) food consumption and, 13053 ␥-aminobutyric acidergic, 10449 central, 15205 placebo, 4882 development of, 3992 central nucleus of the, 6500, 7379 placebo-induced expectation and, 11745 uncoupling and, 14903 control and, 5985 tolerance of, 5295 Ambiguity, 1648, 11020 decision-making and, 5251, 5985 visually induced, 12125 Ambiguous perception, 1688 emotional discrimination and, 14864 Analgesic pathway, descending, 7220 Amide hydrolase, fatty acid, localization of, 3766 lateral nucleus of the, 9700 Analog ␣-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid, 6308, medial prefrontal cortex and, 14299 fluorescent cocaine, 6794 6479 neural diversity in, 15933 rat, 4829 ␣-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid recep- opioid activation and, 6500 Analog neural circuit, 3045 tor, 303, 550, 1469, 2414, 2563, 3206, 4332, 11912, 13401 synaptic plasticity and, 10131 Analysis activation and, 6308 tri-allelic serotonin and, 10461 of cortex, 8429 AMPA/kainate, 13274 Amygdala corticosterone, 15745 decision variable, 9861 modulation and, 8688 Amygdala-prefrontal pathway, 11614 Drosophila lineage, 6904 trafficking and, 6320 Amyloid, 1115, 1977 lineage, 6904 turnover and, 4498 Amyloid aggregation state, 9321 of neuroinflammation, 8429 ␥-Aminobutyric acid, 393, 1375, 1457, 2344, 13684, 15195 Amyloid angiopathy, cerebral, 5463 of neuron injury, 8429 action and, 6982 Amyloid ␤, 918, 1846, 7459, 14439 pattern, 1565 concentration of, 15721 ␣7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and, 10961 pharmacological, 4829 excitatory action of, 2637 Alzheimer’s disease and, 3603, 8075, 14770 quantitative pixelwise, 2805 ␤ GABAb, 1414, 10321 A 56, 1977 of viral burden, 8429 relay and, 7330 brain, 6771 Anandamide, 1375 signaling and, 7966 degradation of, 3603 Anaphase-promoting complex, Cdh1-, 4322 synaptic input and, 2754 fibrillar, 11982 Anatomical characterization, 4263 tonic conductance and, 5116 inhibition of, 4442 Anatomical network, cortical, 15684 ␥-Aminobutyric acid-driven calcium ion/calmodulin-dependent intraneuron, 9704 Anatomical reorganization, 12210 protein kinase cascade, 13720 soluble, 4252, 11393 Anatomy ␥-Aminobutyric acidergic amacrine cell, 10449 Amyloid ␤ glycine 33, 7582 of Broca’s area, 14607 ␥-Aminobutyric acidergic cell, CA3, 4239 Amyloid ␤ immunization, 6132 of human object recognition, 5854 ␥-Aminobutyric acidergic current, gigantic, 7776 Amyloid ␤ immunotherapy, 11393, 14108 Anchor, proline-rich membrane, 4519 ␥-Aminobutyric acidergic excitation, 3419, 10989 Amyloid ␤-induced calpain activation, 4640 Anchoring, activity-dependent, 15613 ␥-Aminobutyric acidergic-glutamatergic interaction, 2695 Amyloid ␤-induced neuritic dystrophy, 10627 Anchoring protein ␥-Aminobutyric acidergic interneuron, 939, 1300 Amyloid ␤-induced neuron hyperexcitability, 3453 regulator of G-protein signaling 9, 9301 cerebellar, 7079 Amyloid ␤-mediated tau toxicity, 9665 synaptic, 6308 cortical, 9380 Amyloid ␤ monomer, 10582 Androgen receptor, 12484 dopamine-deprived striatal, 7776 Amyloid ␤ oligomer, 9078 Androgen receptor gene, 4461 neocortical fast-spiking, 7040 Amyloid ␤ oligomer formation, 4004 Anesthesia/Anesthetic, 600, 871, 1434, 2177, 4664, 5483 ␥-Aminobutyric acidergic microcircuit, 13454 Amyloid ␤ peptide, 3, 14741 cerebral activity during, 7053 ␥ -Aminobutyricacidergicneuron,1434,4664,8094,11828,13860 gatekeeper for, 5463 interaction of with GABAA, 3083 ␥-Aminobutyric acidergic short-term plasticity, 15660 neurotoxic, 6394 isoflurane, 9850 ␥-Aminobutyric acidergic signaling, 15063 Amyloid ␤ peptide-induced inflammation, 6394 urethane, 10600 ␥-Aminobutyric acidergic synapse, 8039, 11650 Amyloid ␤-related synaptic alteration, 9704 Anesthesia-like state, 7053 ␥-Aminobutyric acidergic transmission, 5032, 9809 Amyloid ␤ toxicity, 6394 Anesthetic binding site, 3083 ␥-Aminobutyric acid-mediated inhibitory synaptic transmission, Amyloid ␤ transport, 5463 Angiopathy, cerebral amyloid, 5463 10416 Amyloid burden, 12686 Angular gyrus, 15115 ␥-Aminobutyric acid receptor Amyloid ␤ vaccination, 7957 Anhydrase, carbonic, 3252 ␣ ␤ 1M1- 2M3 GABAA, 3083 Amyloid deposition, 4964, 9163 Animal brain, live, 3508 Drosophila, 4287 Amyloidogenic processing, 15472 Animal model, 1343 excitability and, 9592 Amyloid pathology, 9665 Animal research, 11417, 11419

extrasynaptic GABAA, 12757 Amyloid plaque, 10706 Animal-rights extremists, 11417, 11419 GABAA, 1434, 1573, 2177, 2833, 3083, 5032, 5116, 7513, 9592, Amyloid polyneuropathy, familial, 3220 Anion channel, calcium ion-activated, 13063 12757, 15341 Amyloid precursor-like protein-2, 5666 Antagonism, 6710, 9534, 9955, 11484, 13410 ␦ GABAA subunit, 1755 Amyloid precursor protein, 4964, 12636, 15660 Antagonist, kisspeptin, 3920 ␥ ␤ GABAA 2 subunit mutation, 2845 A , 3565, 5666 Antagonist pretreatment, N-methyl-D-aspartate, 6917 GABAB, 7513, 11650, 15796 expression of, 4708 Antennal lobe, 716 4 • J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): Subject Index

Antennal lobe projection neuron, 6239 Appearance, amyloid plaque, 10706 Astroglial potassium ion channel expression, 7474 Anterior auditory field, 8350 Appetitive valuation, 8388 Asymmetric hearing loss, 7065 Anterior cingulate cortex, 1766, 3307, 8206, 11619, 14506 Apposition, synaptic, 11484 Asymmetry, 61 speech recognition and, 6078 Approaching object, 11841 of Broca’s area, 14607 task switching and, 5135 Arborization vestibular, 12477 Anterior cingulate neuron, 6418 axon, 11065 Asynchronous neuron activity, 8871 Anterior hindbrain, 11377 dendritic, 476, 2334, 5032, 12229 Asynchronous transmitter release, 11112, 15770 Anterior intraparietal area, macaque, 6436, 10613, 12031 Arc, 1525 AT. See Ataxin; Autophagy Anterior precuneus, 2961 Architecture Ataxia Anterior subventricular zone, 2902 dendritic, 6904 neurodegeneration in, 9148 Anterior thalamic nucleus, 3302 intersegmental neuron, 10254 optic, 1928, 5854 Anterodorsal thalamic nucleus, 493, 1061, 7815 parallel, 10396 spinocerebellar type 2, 9148 Anterograde axon transport, 5443 raft, 6068 spinocerebellar type 28, 9244 Anterograde transport, amyloid precursor protein, 14534 Arcuate fasciculus, 10215 Ataxia3, 2733 Anthanogene2, BCL-associated, 2151 Arcuate nucleus, 1503, 4622, 8198, 11859 Ataxin-7, 15134 Anti-amyloid ␤ monoclonal antibody 266, 11393 Arcuate nucleus neuron, 11859 ATG, 517 Antiapoptotic transcription, 15331 Area. See specific area by name Atoh1-lineal neuron, 11123 Antibody, 1846 Area 5 of posterior parietal cortex, 9396 Atonia, motor, 9361 anti-amyloid ␤ monoclonal antibody 266, 11393 Area 11, 2794 ATP. See Adenosine triphosphate recombinant, 1126 Area 13, 2794 ATPase. See Adenosine triphosphatase single-chain Fv recombinant, 1126 Area 17, 13919 Atrophy Anticipation, blood oxygen level-dependent modulation and, Area CA3. See CA3 brain, 15223, 15410 10671 Area MT. See Middle temporal area bulbar muscular, 1987 Anticipatory activity, 11880 Area V1. See Visual area spinal muscular, 842, 1987 Anticipatory alpha rhythm, 5863 A receptor. See Adenosine receptor Attachment domain, 4519 Anticipatory process, 2742 Arg. See Arginase Attachment learning, 15745 Anticipatory pursuit, 13302 Arginase I, upregulation of, 9545 Attention, 460, 705, 1191, 1395, 1784, 3059, 10362 Antidepressant, 1937, 5381, 11451 Arginine vasopressin, 13182 border ownership and, 6392 Antidepressant binding, 9635 Aristaless-related homeobox, 8752 lapsing, 8604 Antidepressant-like behavior, 8493 Arm movement, ipsilateral, 12948 memory and, 8270 Antigen, 3816 Arm position, 4162 multitasking and, 5640 myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, 140 Arousal object representation and, 10120 prostate stem cell, 14847 behavioral, 3705 preparatory, 6418 Antihyperalgesia, pharmacological, 6167 cortical, 11698 reward and, 11182 Antinociceptive potential, 4981 histamine and, 4471 selective, 8270 Antinociceptive tolerance, 3551 state of, 5897 spatial (See Spatial attention) Antioxidant, 529, 13823 strength and, 9450 sustained, 1784 Antipsychotic drug, 13730 Arrangement Attentional bias, 8032 atypical, 7124 calcium channel, 5343 Attentional capture, overriding, 8726 serotonin receptor and, 7124 intrasynaptic, 12896 Attentional control, 11641 Antisaccade task, 5516 spatial, 5343, 11540 Attentional gain, 11933 Anxiety, 678, 1817, 4218, 12617 Arrestin, 222 Attentional stability, 13418 bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and, 10357 ␤-Arrestin-1, 4228 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, 2496 corticotropin-releasing factor and, 13743 Arrestin competition, 11867 Attention shift, 10563, 14160 inhibition of, 6379 Artery occlusion, middle cerebral, 3875 Attenuated morphine, 3551 intranasal insulin and, 6734 Articulator representation, 9819 Attenuation, 3843, 4981 mediation of, 10357 Artificial chromosome transgenic mouse, bacterial, 1615 in aging, 11698 prediction of, 11614 Artificial nonspeech sounds, expertise with, 5234 of reinstatement, 9239 serotonin brain system and, 13743 ARX. See Aristaless-related homeobox of truncation, 11226 social, 9955 Ascending fiber input, 8462 Attractor dynamics, 9059 trait, 11614 ASH neuron, 1446 A-type repeat, sorting protein-related receptor with, 15472 Anxiety-related behavior, 2259, 9955, 15375 ASIC. See Acid-sensing ion channel Atypical antipsychotic drug, 7124 Anxious temperament, prediction of, 9961 Aspartate, 12702. See also N-Methyl-D-aspartate Auditory brainstem, 5832, 9625 AP. See Adaptor complex Aspiration, selective, 2794 Auditory cortex, 61, 334, 1699, 2064, 2283, 6406, 7230, 10321, APC. See Adenomatous polyposis coli; Anaphase-promoting com- Assembly, 7731, 12449 11192, 14127 plex Association, 10335, 10750 aging and, 6078 aPCu. See Anterior precuneus Association fiber, 15089 cat, 14323 APdE9 mouse, 3453 Associative conditioning, 2225, 10191 corticocortical interaction in, 7230 Aphasia, primary progressive, 15762 Associative learning, 15386 low-level, 6078 Apicobasal polarity, 11426 Associative long-term potentiation, 3233 newborn, 14726 APLP. See Amyloid precursor-like protein Associative stimulation, paired, 2648 pitch and, 13338 Aplysia, 9553, 10281 Astrocyte, 234, 753, 3276, 7766 plasticity of, 4888 Aplysia californica, facilitation in, 5100 cortical, 8063 primary, 3374, 4888, 8350, 14323 Apnea, 2984, 10341 hippocampal, 13063 sensitive periods of, 5456 apoE. See Apolipoprotein E mesencephalic, 9651 speech and, 15564 Apolipoprotein E, 3603 protoplasmic, 3276 speech recognition and, 6078 Apolipoprotein E4, 6771, 15317 reactive, 11511 urethane-anesthitized, 10600 Apoptosis, 1011, 1987, 2297, 2453, 11385 Rett syndrome, 5051 Auditory cortex dynamics, 10600 axotomy-induced, 4564 spinal cord, 4096 Auditory cortical activity, 15898 Bax-mediated neuron, 2824 Astrocyte connexin, deletion of, 7743 Auditory direction signal, 6490 caspase-mediated, 4586 Astrocyte hemichannel, 7092 Auditory field, 8350, 14323 neuron, 1011, 2824, 14790 Astrocyte-neuron contact, 11723 Auditory forebrain, 6871, 13557 Apoptosis-inducing factor, 4189 Astrocyte passive conductance, 8551 Auditory hair cell morphogenesis, 15859 Apoptosis ligand, 14790 Astrocytic dysfunction, 10588 Auditory impairment, and chemotherapy, 3843 APP. See Amyloid precursor protein Astrocytosis, 234 Auditory input, 2762, 4210 Apparatus, spine, 1017 Astroglia, 11161 Auditory location, 13074 Subject Index J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): •5

Auditory nerve, 13797 motor, 5062, 5690, 15187 B Auditory neuron, 2780, 4888, 11123 myelinated, 8363 Auditory nucleus, brainstem accessory, 11123 olfactory sensory neuron, 10184 BAC. See Bacterial artificial chromosome Auditory object, 2283 peripheral sensory, 13190 BACE. See Amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme Auditory pathway, 1034, 13672 Rohon-Beard peripheral sensory, 13190 Bacillus Calmette-Gue´rin, 4200 Background activity, spike train and, 10234 Auditory perception, 454, 2780 sensory (See Sensory axon) Background noise, 14100 Auditory processing, 5949, 13074 sensory neuron, 10184, 14211 Auditory response, 9602 Background statistics, 12035 spinal interneuron, 12145 Back-propagating action potential, 3233, 7803 Auditory stimulus, 13410 spinal motor, 5690 Auditory streaming, 12695 Bacterial artificial chromosome, 1615, 4162, 4252, 4392 vomeronasal sensory neuron, 14211 Auditory synapse, Held, 7991 BAG2. See BCL-associated anthanogene2 Auditory system/Audition, 61, 2252, 2477, 2575, 2626, 3011, 8447 Axon alteration, 3172 Balance, impaired, 9090 Auditory thalamic neuron, 6013 Axon arborization, 11065 Barbituate withdrawal locus, 11662 Auditory thalamus, 6013, 7359 Axon branching, 1350, 3354 Barhl2, differential regulation by, 3992 Autapse, of hippocampal neuron, 7395 dopaminergic, 11973 Barn owl, 9602 Autism, 1773, 2259, 5051, 10843 nerve growth factor-dependent, 7569 Baroreceptor, 1817, 2754 Autoantibody, myasthenia gravis, 13898 Axon collateral, striatopallidal, 8977 Baroreceptor signal transmission, 11807 Autobiographical memory, 3073 Axon cytoskeleton, 11316 Barrel, 964 Autocrine, 12702, 13909 Axon damage mechanism, primary, 10272 Barrel cortex, 70, 2384, 3642, 4089 Autoimmune encephalomyelitis, 14965 Axon degeneration, 118, 653, 6526 Barrier experimental, 2805, 3442, 3816 Axon development, 10995 blood-brain, 3538, 5463, 13761 Autoimmune response, suppression of, 3816 Axon dieback, macrophage-mediated, 9967 glial, 15187 Autoimmunity, 140 Axon elongation, cortical, 13720 perivascular, 11511 Autonomic control, 9292 Axoneme, rod photoreceptor, 9748 Basal action potential, 15586 Autonomous firing pattern, 8396 Axon exit, motor, 15187 Basal cerebral metabolism, 14770 Basal dendrite, 11891 Autonomous regulation, 12865 Axon formation, 9794 Basal forebrain, 52, 918, 11828 Autophagy, 517, 15134 Axon growth, 4312, 4322, 7116, 13292, 15266 Basal forebrain cholinergic system, 5992 activation of, 13578 dorsal root ganglion neuron and, 3956 inhibition of induction of, 8506 Basal forebrain lactate release, 11698 inflammatory stimulation and, 14334 neurodegeneration and, 8506 Basal ganglia loop, avian, 15420 Autoradiography, 1312 nerve growth factor-dependent, 7569 Basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuit, avian, 4782 Autoreceptor, kainate, 5713 Axon guidance, 1126, 4044, 5690, 7450, 13190 Basal ganglion, 436, 1375, 2477, 4392, 4782, 9861 Autoregulation, 11139 cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent, 15434 Basal ganglion output, regulation of, 10424 Avalanche, neuron, 15595 longitudinal, 8914 Basalis magnocellularis, nucleus, 4120 Aversion, 1046, 1855 repulsive, 5873 Basal vomeronasal sensory neuron axon, 14211 conditioned odor, 10287 Axon initial segment, 13242 Baseline shift, 8715 conditioned taste, 4056 Axon initiation, 7450 Basilar papillar lesion, restricted, 6871 light, 8798 Axon injury, 2805, 3160 Basis set, temporal, 4369 past action, 15669 Axon laterality, retinogeniculate, 14855 Basket cell, 9563 risk, 12574 Axon maintenance, 7667, 11594 Basket cell circuit, dentate, 7846 serotonin and, 11993, 15669 Axon membrane, 5062 Basolateral amygdala, 4218, 5251, 9941, 11078, 15205 Aversive learning, 5726, 10287, 15205 Axon messenger ribonucleic acid, 4697 decision-making and, 5251 Aversive memory, 12244 Axon morphogenesis, 4312 fear and, 6053 Aversive stimulus, 11471 Axon neuropathy, 1608 medial prefrontal cortex and, 14299 Avian basal ganglia loop, 15420 Axonopathy Bassoon, 351 Bassoon domain, 12584 Avian basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuit, 4782 initiation of, 14965 Bax, 1987 Avian forebrain, 6558 of multiple sclerosis viral infection, 10272 Avian midbrain, 4131 Bax-mediated neuron apoptosis, 2824 progression of, 14965 Avian song nucleus, 4586 BBB. See Blood-brain barrier Avian song system, 6461 Axon outgrowth, 5873, 9405 BC. See Brain cytoplasm Avian systems, 2780 Axon projection, 630, 8187, 11628 Bcl-2 19 kDa interacting protein, 4189 Avoidance mediation of, 5525 BCL-associated anthanogene2, 2151 formalin-induced conditioned place, 3307 in vivo, 6526 bcl-w, 6700 inhibitory, 11078 Axon regeneration, 1514, 4697, 9545, 12145, 15489 BDNF. See Brain-derived neurotrophic factor AVP. See Arginine vasopressin functional, 14881 Beat perception, 7540 Awake brain, 6851, 12229 macrophage and, 3956 Beclin 1, 13578, 14637 Awake monkey, 14463 retinal, 6607 Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, 9961 Awake mouse, 6734, 13751 sensory, 5546, 6285 anxiety and, 10357 Awareness, 2725, 8715 Axon sodium channel, 14408 fear and, 10357, 15351 Axial diffusivity, 2805 Axon specification, 13292 juxtacapsular, 5389 Axis Axon sprouting, 8259, 14247, 14932 Bee brain, 9987 hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, 1826, 6449, 7330, 12970 Axon stress, 5758 Behavior, 14, 52, 1319, 1846, 2238, 9471. See also Action laminin-2, dystroglycan, utrophin, 3908 Axon targeting, 828, 11674 adaptive, 2876, 3148 Axoglial interaction, 630 Axon terminal, early withdrawal of, 3738 antidepressant-like, 8493 Axoglial signaling, 7667, 11304 Axon tiling, 14151 anxiety-related, 2259, 9955, 15375 circadian, 14681 Axon, 638, 1796, 2312 Axon transport, 3365, 3565, 5758, 6625, 12776 brain-derived neurotrophic factor and, 14185 cocaine-seeking, 4155, 9239 anterograde, 5443 cortical, sprouting of, 3738 communication, 9417 cortical mammalian, 4697 mitochondrial, 5443 conditional reinforcement and, 3627 corticocortical, 3172 retrograde, 5443, 10715 cortex-specific Pax6 and, 8335 dopaminergic, 4044, 8914, 12542 Axon turning, repulsive, 10488 cortical map plasticity and, 5992 doublecortin in, 10995 Axotomized sensory neuron, 10063 cycling, 12824 interneuron, 12145 Axotomy, 575, 3160 defensive, 12617 Layer 5 pyramidal cell, 11441 Axotomy-induced apoptosis, 4564 depression-related, 5381 longitudinal dopaminergic diencephalospinal, 8914 Axotomy-induced Smad1 activation, 7116 depressive, 4200 midbrain dopaminergic, 4044 AZ. See Active zone drug-seeking, 3715 6 • J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): Subject Index

dynamic, 8419 Binding domain, 11912 Body structural description, 4162 goal-directed, 3259, 11330 Binding-gating transduction, 3189 BOLD. See Blood oxygen level-dependent habitual, 7191, 11330 Binding protein. See specific binding protein by name Bombesin-related peptide, 4622 instrumental, 7191 Binding regulation, 15613 Bond, disulfide, 907 intertemporal choice and, 6055 Binding site, 2774 Bone marrow-derived macrophage, 3603 intranasal insulin and, 6734 agonist, 6022 Bone morphogenetic protein, persistent retrograde, 3852 kalirin-7 and, 5367 anesthetic, 3083 Bone morphogenetic protein signaling, 3852, 12401 light-aversive, 8798 neural cell adhesion molecule, 11360 Border ownership, 460, 6392 male, 4461 neuron nicotinic acetylcholine, 8734 Botulinum toxin, 4981 masculinization of, 13274 Binge drinking, 8655 Boundary molecule, inhibitory, 9405 maternal, 1312, 6042 Binocular eye position, 11461 Boundary-related cell, 13429 modulation of, 10221 Biological motion processing, 7315 Boundary-vector cell, 9771, 13429 motor (See Motor behavior) Biology of memory, 12748 Bound protein gradient, 7450 neural activity and, 5793 Biomechanics, 12807 Bouton, presynaptic, 12449, 15586 olfactory, 15245 Biophysical basis of decision-making, 3431, 4301 Bouton size, 15586 overt motor, 11134 Biosynthesis BP. See specific binding protein by name reward, 2915 acetylcholinesterase, 4519 BRAF-histone deacetylase complex, 6296 rotational, 1897 heparan sulfate, 8539 Brain. See also Cerebellum; Forebrain; Hindbrain sensation and, 4897 serotonin, 4065 activity in, 8604, 10563, 14463, 14812 sexual, 7658 Biphasic activation, 7424 adult, 5949 sickness, 2089 Bipolar cell, 106, 8875 aged, 4408 social communication, 9417 ON cone, 8372 awake, 6851, 12229 stress and, 7191 OFF cone, 8372 bee, 9987 subcortical visual, 12909 retinal, 1469, 7753 blood glucose level and, 7015 suppression of, 3627 rod, 6088 chronic amphetamine exposure and, 10663 training and, 13418 Bipolar cell signaling, retinal, 7753 Drosophila, 4768 transcriptional control of, 7181 Bipolar disorder, 10863 globoid cell leukodystrophy and, 6068 visual, 12909 Bipolar neuron, 9301 human, 4531, 9575, 10563 Behavioral adaptation, 2794 Bird. See Avian; individual types intact, 12229 Behavioral arousal, 3705 Birdsong, 2252. See also Songbird larval Drosophila, 8312 Behavioral discrimination, 15650 Bistability, 1688, 8512 live animal, 3508

Behavioral flexibility, 3148 BKCa channel. See Large-conductance calcium ion and voltage- macaque, 5897 Behavioral impairment, 8752 activated potassium channel mammalian, 4312, 7649 Behavioral mechanism, 5370 BKchannel.SeeCalciumionandvoltage-activatedpotassiumchan- masculinization of, 13274 Behavioral phenotype, 5938, 9439 nel murine, 9390 Behavioral plasticity, 11965 BLA. See Basolateral amygdala physical effort and, 9450 Behavioral sensitization, 3529, 8408 Black response, 11753 psychosine and, 6068 Behavioral sequence, 6418 Blind, 2205 rat, 4820 Behavior modulation, 3109 Blind dorsal neuron 2 clock neuron, 8312 rodent, 6042 Bestrophin-1, 10063, 13063 Blind mouse, 9186 sex difference and, 12815 ␤2 calcium ion channel subunit, 10730 Blindness, 2297 structural change in, 9661, 10863 ␤2 subunit nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, 12909 mirror system and, 9719 visual learning and, 14026 ␤3 subunit, sodium/potassium-ATPase, 7877 Blind subject, 3485 Brain aging, 1805, 12795 ␤4 transmembrane helix, 8321 Block estradiol and, 6058 ␤4 tubulin, 7649 of calcitonin gene-related peptide release, 4981 sex difference of, 8774 ␤ amyloid. See Amyloid ␤ open channel, 2371 Brain amyloid ␤, 6771 ␤arr-2 knock-out, 3322 Blockade Brain area, innervation of, 9137 ␤ ␬ deficiency, nuclear factor B kinase, 12919 adenosine A2A receptor, 14741 Brain atrophy, 15223, 15410 Beta oscillation, 10287 of Nogo receptor ligand, 6285 Brain-cell signaling, dynamic, 9002 BFA. See Brefeldin-A Blood-brain barrier, 3538, 5463, 13761 Brain chemistry, creativity and, 5319 BHC80, 6296 Blood flow, cerebral, 2545, 2814 Brain cholesterol uptake, 3579 Bias Blood glucose level, and brain, 7015 Brain circuit manipulation, 8621 attentional, 8032 Blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance im- Brain connectivity, 14812 decision, 8715 aging, 3036 Brain control, 14363 decision-making, genetics and, 5985 Blood oxygen level-dependent modulation, 10671 Brain cytoplasm 1, 9977 incentive, 14820 Blood oxygen level-dependent response, 2428, 8839 Brain damage, after cerebral ischemia, 6186 during learning, 14891 Blood oxygen level-dependent signal, 1648, 3760 Brain-derived myelin regeneration, 15694 response, 14891 Blood phobia, 1817 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, 575, 678, 1343, 1525, 2637, saccadic, 13815 Blood pressure, 1817 3354, 4016, 8901, 11294, 14956, 15472 Bicarbonate ion exchange, chloride ion, 3252 Blood volume, cerebral, 3036 activity-dependent secretion of, 14185 Bicuculline, 3660 Blue-sensitive retinal photoreceptor cell, 2666 decreased, 9321 Bidirectional regulation, 8764 Blue-yellow receptive field, 8372 endogenous, 13494 Bifurcation, 973, 1350 B lymphocyte stimulator, 6348 environmental enrichment and, 10809 Bilateral motor representation, 6196 BMAL1, 6114 infusion of, 3715 Bimanual skill learning, 8419 Bmi1, 529, 8884 mature, 12412 Binding BMP. See Bone morphogenetic protein plasticity and, 6461 antidepressant, 9635 BNIP3. See Bcl-2 19 kDa interacting protein proBDNF, 12412 feature, 4120 BNST. See Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis release of, 3518 fluoxetine, 9635 Body Val66Met variant, 4056 main immunogenic region and, 13898 allocentric, 4162 vasculature-derived, 4172 mnemonic, 8270 egocentric, 4162 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-dependent dorsal root ganglion morantel, 8734 Lewy, 13578 neuron, 4016 multisensory, 12265 mushroom, 852, 1573 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor hypersecretion, 14932 myelin basic protein, 4794 Body movement, 10499 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor release, 8688, 11650, 12764, neurofilament and, 11043 Body myositis, inclusion, 6132 14383 Prozac, 9635 Body schema, 4162 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling, 4172, 15511 Subject Index J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): •7

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor synthesis, 12764 CA1 hippocampal region, 10512 Calcium ion influx, voltage-gated, 6663 Brain development, 3019, 3271, 11065, 12229 CA1 hippocampal vacuolation, 7743 Calcium ion oscillation, concomitant cytosolic, 9281 fetal, 4263 CA1 hippocampus, 7743, 10144, 10512 Calcium ion permeability, NR3A subunit and, 5260 massage and, 6042 CA1 neuron, 3387, 10144, 12167, 14472 Calcium ion regulation, 8063 postnatal, 2496 CA1 plasticity, 9026 Calcium ion release, 2890, 7833 subcortical, 11772 CA1 pyramidal neuron, 11203, 14472 Calcium ion selectivity, 15414 Brain function, 3172 CA1 synapse, 9026, 11294 Calcium ion sensitivity, 4023 Brain glucose metabolic activity, 9961 CA3, 1381, 2027 Calcium ion signaling Brain imaging, functional, 12729 CA3 ␥-aminobutyric acidergic cell, 4239 cytosolic, 7886 Brain injury, 2588, 5075, 5974 CA3 hippocampal synapse, 10869 dendritic, 4658 acute, 10299 CAA. See Cerebral amyloid angiopathy phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent, 7766 hypoxic-ischemic, 8669 cad. See Cadherin Calcium ion transient, 3419, 15232 ischemic, 9839 E-Cadherin, regulation of neural stem cell and, 3885 Calcium oscillation, inhibition of, 4708 newborn, 8669 N-Cadherin, calpain-mediated, 5974 Calcium-related biomarker of aging, 6058 Brain lesion, 2684 N-Cadherin cleavage, 4605, 5974 Calcium release, 9458 Brain maturation, 11772 Cadherin contact, 12506 Calcium signaling, 1257, 8005 Brain mechanism, 14924 N-Cadherin proteolytic processing, 5974 deranged, 9148 Brain microstructure, white matter, 8698 CADM. See Cell adhesion molecule nuclear, 14687 Brain phenotype, heritable, 2867 Caenorhabditis elegans, 4065, 5207, 7302 parallel fiber-induced, 9668 Brain reserve, 14770 chemotaxis in, 5370 Calcium spike activity, spontaneous, 7877 Brain response, visual, 12321 mitochondrial dysfunction and, 9210 Calcium syntilla, 14120 Brain-specific homeobox/POU domain protein 3b, 14309 potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 and, 9943 Calcium transient amplitude, 15586 Brain state, 2915, 6851 tastant in, 11904 Calcium/voltage imaging, 2654 Brainstem, 1580 Caffeine, sleep and, 11029 Calcium wave, spontaneous glial, 11339 auditory, 5832, 9625 Calbindin expression, 2915 Call. See Vocalization musical pitch and, 13165 Calcineurin, 550, 2938 Callosal projection neuron, 12343 Brainstem accessory auditory nucleus, 11123 Calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cell signaling, 12957 Calmette-Gue´rin bacillus, 4200 Brainstem circuit, 8302 Calcitonin gene-related peptide, 8798 Calmodulin, 11550. See also Calcium/calmodulin Brain stimulation, 5354 Calcitonin gene-related peptide release, mediation of, 4981 Calpain, proteolysis mediation and, 10350 Brain structural variability, 2867 Calcium, 1105, 1796, 3518 Calpain activation, amyloid ␤-induced, 4640 Brain system, 12711, 13743 elevated, 4794 Calpain-induced truncation, 11226 Brain tumor, 15161 mobilization of, 6568 Calpain-mediated cleavage, 9330 Branching, axon. See Axon branching postsynaptic, 1503 Calpain-mediated N-cadherin, 5974 Branching interneuron, 8595 Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, 3288 Calpain substrate, 10350 Branch stabilization, 12229 ␥-aminobutyric acid-driven cascade of, 13720 Calyceal synapse, 3103 Breathing, 14912. See also Respiration CaMKI␥, 9794 Calyx of Held synapse, 13770 activation of, 5806 CaMKII, 669, 2890 CAM. See Cell adhesion molecule control of, 3824 CaMKII␣, 7607 CaMK. See Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in rat, 5806 CaMKIV, 8901 Camouflage response screen, 8408 Breeding condition, 6558 CaMKK2, 8901 cAMP. See Cyclic adenosine monophosphate Brefeldin-A, 3865 Calcium channel, 1434, 2510 Canary, 15511 ␣ ␦ Brn3. See Brain-specific homeobox/POU domain protein 3b 2 -1 subunit, 4076 Cancer, 2824 Broadband shift, 13613 arrangement of, 5343 Candidate gene for morphine tolerance, 5295

Broca’s area, 14607 Cav1.2 L-type, 15660 Cannabidiol, 14764 Bromophenyl-oxoethyl-methyl pyridinium, 10961 Cav1.3, 15414 Cannabinoid, 2053, 12597 BST. See Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis Cav3.1 T-type, 9668 Cannabinoid receptor, 1554 Bulb, olfactory. See Olfactory bulb L-type, 9534, 15660 activation of, 11078 Bulbar muscular atrophy, 1987 L-type voltage-gated, 9534 CB2R, 4564 Bumblebee, 9987 T-type (See T-type calcium channel) Capacitance, 863 Bundle, multielectrode, 2486 Calcium current, 716, 1434, 9826 Capacity, 8103, 10989 Bundle myelination, Remak, 11304 Calcium-dependent chloride channel activity, 6809 Capitate projection, 828 Bundling, microtubule, 14199 Calcium-dependent exocytosis, 10474 Capsaicin, 743 Buprenorphine, 7341 Calcium dynamics, nonequalibrium, 8396 Capture, 8726, 13809 Burden, amyloid, 12686 Calcium ion, 1105, 1657, 3276 Carausius morosus. See Stick insect Bursicon, 3343 endoplasmic reticulum, 6568 Carbon-fiber microelectrode, 1735 Burst/Bursting, 1285, 1834 intracellular, 2167 Carbonic anhydrase, 3252 decoding, 11891 Calcium ion-activated anion channel, 13063 Carbon monoxide intoxication, 5854 dopaminergic neuron, 15888 Calcium ion-activated chloride ion current expression, 10063 ␤-Carboxyl terminal fragment, 13042 encoding, 11891 Calcium ion-activated potassium ion channel, small conductance, Carboxypeptidase E, 8248 rhythmic, 11943 8452, 11237 Cardiac arrest, 3508 suppression of, 9850 Calcium ion and voltage-activated potassium channel, 2581, 8321 Carotid body, 4903 theta, 15836 Calcium ion-ATPase isoform 1, secretory pathway, 12174 Carrier vesicle, 3565 Burst code, 2575 Calcium ion/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. See Calcium/ CART. See Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript Burst discharge, 2563 calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Cascade, 13603, 13720 Burst firing, 1735, 9281, 15531 Calcium ion channel, 4430, 12196 Casein kinase 2, 466, 14779 Bursting activity, spontaneous, 12131 Calcium ion channel abundance, 10730 Caspase, 1011 Bursting pacemaker neuron, 6427 Calcium ion channel function, 10730 Caspase-3 inhibitor, 13761 Bypass, propriospinal, 5681 Calcium ion channel subunit ␤2, 10730 Caspase-7, 15134 Bystander suppression, 3816 Calcium ion current, calcium ion channel versus, 12196 Caspase-9, 11385 Calcium ion cycling, mitochondrial, 12101 Caspase-dependent cell death, 9714 C Calcium ion-dependent mechanism, 11495 Caspase-mediated apoptosis, 4586 Calcium ion-dependent nonselective cation current, 11943 Caspr. See Contactin-associated protein C57BL/6J mouse, 871 Calcium ion-dependent synaptic exocytosis, 8639 Cassette transporter A1, adenosine triphosphate-binding, 3579 CA1, 1381, 1457 Calcium ion exchange, sodium ion/, 2053 CAST domain, 12584 CA1 hippocampal neuron, 10144, 12167, 14472 Calcium ion feedback, 2125 Cat. See Feline CA1 hippocampal pyramidal neuron, 14472 Calcium ion homeostasis, 12174 Catagorization rules, 3930 8 • J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): Subject Index

Catalytic subunit, 4519 hematopoietic, fusion of with Purkinje neuron, 3799 Cell fusion, 3799 Catamenial epilepsy, 1457 hippocampal dentate granule, 13532 Cell hyperproliferation, Schwann, 11304 Catecholamine, 280 hippocampal granule, 7504 Cell killing, retrograde-directed, 14790 Catechol-O-methyltransferase, 10855 hippocampal place, 6840, 12597 Cell loss, neuron, 8506 Categorical perception, 9819 horizontal, 6358 Cell maintenance, neural progenitor, 7404 Category fluency, 10900 inner cochlear hair, 4023 Cell migration, 1093, 4605, 6663 Category perception, 11421 inner hair, 10730 Cell morphogenesis, auditory hair, 15859 ␤-Catenin, 13630 intermediate progenitor, 9614, 14571 Cell myelination, Schwann, 8858 ␦-Catenin, 5435 intrinsically photosensitive ganglion, 476 Cell nucleus, geometry of, 14687 ␤-Catenin signaling, 6545, 12369, 13710 Layer 5 pyramidal, 11441 Cell polarity, 12506 Cathepsin S, 6945 mammalian cochlear hair, 15277 Cell proliferation, 4351, 4408, 9614 Cation channel isoform, hyperpolarization-activated cyclic Mauthner, 2762 Cell regeneration, hair, 6871 nucleotide-gated, 8847 mesenchymal stem, 14932 Cell renewal, stem, 8884 Cation current, calcium ion-dependent nonselective, 11943 midget ganglion, 4675 Cell self-renewal, 3885 Cationic current, hyperpolarization-activated, 600 mitral, 2043, 7023 Cell source, primitive, 7649 Caudalis, trigeminal spinal subnucleus, 11161 multilineage, 7256 Cell surface, regulation of, 6883 Caudal segment, 2972 neocortical pyramidal, 7413 Cell survival, 1826, 4351 Caudate, 1244 neural precursor, 6710, 13126 Cell type specification, 8539 Caudate nucleus, 14511 neural stem (See Neural stem cell) Cellular excitabilty, 1677 Caudate-putamen, 3036 neuron progenitor, 2902 Cellular mechanism, 4945, 15531 Caveolin-1, 3590 OFF cone bipolar, 8372 Cellular nucleic acid binding protein. See Zinc-finger factor 9 CB. See Calbindin; Cannabinoid receptor oligodendrocyte precursor, 4351 Cellular plasticity, 3497 CBF. See Cerebral blood flow oligodendroglial, 4794 Cellular prion, 6752 Cbln 1 expression, 5425 oligodendroglial progenitor, 6663 Cellular resolution imaging, 13751 CBP. See Cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element- outer cochlear hair, 4023 Cellular stress response, 5926 binding protein parasol, 4675 Cell variability, 15053 CBV. See Cerebral blood volume photoreceptor (See Photoreceptor cell) Center of mass, 191 CCK. See Cholecystokinin place (See Place cell) Center response, potentiation of, 6358 CCL. See Chemokine ligand precursor (See Precursor cell) Central amygdala, 15205 CCR. See Chemokine receptor progenitor (See Progenitor cell) Central bee brain, 9987 CD8 ion, cytotoxic, 15397 prostate stem, 14847 Central canal contacting cell, 10010 CD14, 11982 Purkinje (See Purkinje cell) Central complex, locust, 4911, 11783 CD24 cell adhesion molecule, 6677 pyramidal (See Pyramidal cell) Central glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor, 5916 CD82, 11172 radial glial, 14571 Central nervous system, 2238, 2762 Cdh1-anaphase-promoting complex, 4322 rat dorsal root ganglion, 3766 function of, 12764 Cdh1 phosphorylation, 4322 Rbpj, 12865 inflammation of, 11511 Cdk. See Cyclin-dependent kinase Renshaw, 6616 injury to, 9967 Celecoxib, 14 retinal bipolar (See Retinal bipolar cell) myelination defects in, 4736 Cell. See also Single-cell; Whole-cell retinal ganglion, 1469, 2706, 3463, 4274, 11237, 12865, 14334, Central nervous system myelination, 6860, 9174, 15355 adrenal chromaffin, 7137 15001 Central nervous system pathology, 7743 amacrine (See Amacrine cell) retinal photoreceptor (See Retinal photoreceptor cell) Central nervous system synapse, 3865, 11723 ␥-aminobutyric acidergic, 4239 retinal pigment epithelium, 15810 Central neuron, 4564 ␥-aminobutyric acidergic amacrine, 10449 rod bipolar, 6088 Central nucleus of the amygdala, 6500, 7379 basket, 7846, 9563 Schwann (See Schwann cell) Central pattern generator, 268, 1834, 2972, 13115 bipolar (See Bipolar cell) spiking hair, 10025 Central pattern generator comodulation, 12355 blue-sensitive retinal photoreceptor, 2666 stem (See Stem cell) Central respiratory network, 14713 blue-yellow ganglion, 8372 T- (See T-cell) Central sensitization, 159, 4096 boundary-related, 13429 vector, 9771 Central synaptogenesis, 10788 boundary-vector, 9771, 13429 vestibular hair, 3103, 10474 Cerebellar ␥-aminobutyric acidergic interneuron, 7079 CA3 ␥-aminobutyric acidergic, 4239 in vivo multilineage, 7256 Cerebellar computation, 8462 canal contacting, 10010 X-, 2467 Cerebellar cortex, 10309 central canal contacting, 10010 Y-, 2467 Cerebellar cortex excitability, 14352 cerebellar granule, 2938 Y-like ganglion, 5048 Cerebellar development, 7439, 8901 cerebellar Purkinje, 8005, 8530 Cell activity, place, 898 Cerebellar excitability, modulation of, 9115 cerebral endothelial, 4351 Cell adhesion, 118, 7439 Cerebellar functional connectivity, 8586 chromaffin, 863, 7137 Cell adhesion molecule Cerebellar granule cell, 2938, 8901 color-opponent ganglion, 2706 activated leukocyte, 15630 Cerebellar granule neuron, 3242 ON cone bipolar, 8372 CD24, 6677 Cerebellar growth, 11377 contacting, 10010 Down syndrome, 1904, 2984 Cerebellar interneuron, 9281 cortical inhibitory, 10533 Cell biology, 12787 Cerebellar lesion, 15126 corticothalamic, 13919 Cell circuit, 7846 Cerebellar-motoneuron network, 10750 dendritic, 140 Cell cycle exit, 2902 Cerebellar neuron, 5193 dentate granule, 8259, 13532 Cell cycle progression, 6932 Cerebellar nucleus neuron, 9826 dentate gyrus granule, 1755 Cell death, 2588, 14439 Cerebellar parallel fiber, 15586 embryonic neural precursor, 6710 caspase-dependent, 9714 Cerebellar Purkinje cell, 8005, 8530 endothelial (See Endothelial cell) estrogen and, 9714 Cerebellar Purkinje neuron, 10463 external tufted, 2043, 11943 hair, 3843 Cerebellar synapse, 5425 ganglion (See Ganglion cell) neuron, 529, 15397 Cerebellothalamocortical connectivity, 9740 glial (See Glial cell) prevention of, 4189 Cerebellum, 169, 250, 381, 2404, 10104 globoid (See Globoid cell) programmed, 14847 adult zebrafish, 6142 Golgi, 250 Cell degeneration, Purkinje, 9244 intrinsic connectivity network and, 8586 granule (See Granule cell) Cell dendrite, mitral, 7023 saccadic control and, 12930 green-sensitive retinal photoreceptor, 2666 Cell development, Purkinje, 15366 stem cell in, 6142 grid, 7504 Cell differentiation, 4408 in vivo, 5738 hair (See Hair cell) Cell fate, 13710, 15277 Cerebral activity, during anesthesia, 7053 head direction, 493 Cell firing, 7497 Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, 5463 Subject Index J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): •9

Cerebral artery occlusion, middle, 3875 Chemodetection, 206 Circadian clock, 466, 1670, 11717 Cerebral blood flow, 2545, 2814 Chemokine, 263, 2089, 2534 Circadian entrainment, 476 Cerebral blood volume, 3036 Chemokine ligand 2, 1657, 2089 Circadian oscillator, 10920 Cerebral cortex, 620, 1202, 1300, 10038, 10695 Chemokine receptor 2, 2089, 8051 Circadian phase, executive function and, 7948 development of, 7404 Chemokine receptor activation, 8051 Circadian rhythm, 1152, 2597, 12824 monkey, 14223 Chemoprotective mechanism, 3538 Circuit/Circuitry. See also Microcircuit Cerebral endothelial cell, 4351 Chemosensation, 716 ␥-aminobutyric acidergic, 13454 Cerebral infarction, 10081 Chemosensitivity, 14836 analog neural, 3045 Cerebral ischemia, 14779 Chemotaxis, 3, 5370, 11904 avian basal ganglia-thalamocortical, 4782 brain damage after, 6186 Chemotherapy, auditory impairment and, 3843 basal ganglia-thalamocortical, 4782 global, 3508 Chick auditory brainstem, 9625 brain, 8621 transient focal, 7003 Chicken, embryonic, 3749, 15232 brainstem, 8302 Cerebral metabolism, basal, 14770 Chicken ciliary ganglion, 3749 collicular-cortical, 5308 Cerebral process, 14236 Chicken ovalbumin upstream promotor-transcription factor, 12401 corticothalamic, 7679 Cerebral sleep-loss effect, 7948 Chimera, 12000 dentate basket cell, 7846 Cerebral thrombosis, regulation of, 5666 Chimeric mouse, 1319 duration tuning in, 9255 Cerebral wall, 9521 Chimeric toxin, 4981 formation, 15642 Cerebrocortical activity, 15126 Chimpanzee Broca’s area, 14607 hypothalamus-brainstem, 8302 Cerebrocortical neuron, 3288 Chinchilla, 14521 incentive, 9450 Cerebrospinal processing, 14236 Chloride, 9635, 14652 left-right alternating locomotor, 15642 Cerebrovascular cyclooxygenase-1, 12970 Chloride channel, 2440 locomotor, 15642 Cerebrovascular injury. See Stroke Chloride channel activity, calcium-dependent, 6809 medullary, 9361 Ceruleus, locus. See Locus ceruleus Chloride ion, intracellular, 10416 motor, 12355 Cervical spinal cord, 8816 Chloride ion-bicarbonate ion exchange, 3252 mouse sensorimotor, 5326 c-Fos, 1331. See also Fos Chloride ion current expression, calcium ion-activated, 10063 neural (See Neural circuit) cGKI. See Cyclic guanosine monophosphate/cyclic guanosine Choice, 7278 neuron, 10081, 10309 monophosphate-dependent protein kinase I action, 13365, 14701 olfactory, 12641 cGMP. See Cyclic guanosine monophosphate hedonics and, 3760 respiratory, stimulation of, 3720 CGN. See Cerebellar granule neuron intertemporal, 6055, 8839 retinal, 13691 CGRP. See Calcitonin gene-related peptide pain and, 14617 reward, 3715 Change reward and, 14617 sensorimotor, 5326 activity-dependent, 8764 Choice utility, 11020 spiking neural, 9059 conformational, 6767, 8743, 9635 Cholecystokinin, 11112 synaptic, 12440 decision-making and, 11560 Cholecystokinin expression, 4140 Circuit manipulation, brain, 8621 developmental, 9761 Cholecystokinin interneuron, 4140 Circuit remodeling, 10081 long-term, 5784 Cholera toxin, 2926 cis-only mouse, 10695 long-term synaptic, 9700 Cholergic mechanism, 5992 Cisplatin ototoxocity, 3843 myelin, 14663 Cholergic modulation, 9888 Citalopram, 12617 presynaptic, 8299 Cholergic theta oscillation, 15375 c-Jun N-terminal kinase, neuropathic pain and, 4096 prion protein conformational, 8743 Cholesterol, 1805, 6094 c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling, 9078 spatially restricted, 14352 Alzheimer’s disease and, 6394 Classicalconditioning,1046,14956.SeealsoPavlovianconditioning spike timing-dependent, 11708 membrane, 4640, 9665 Classical estrogen receptor pathway, 9390 structural, 9661, 10863, 13557 mitochondrial, 6394 Classification synaptic, 9700 Cholesterol uptake, brain, 3579 of neocortical interneuron, 3642 Channel Cholinergic deafferentation, of the neocortex, 4120 pattern, 508 anion, 13063 Cholinergic dependence, 8087 Clathrin, 1361 axon sodium, 14408 Cholinergic interneuron, striatal, 8396 Clearance, glutamate, 14581 calcium (See Calcium channel) Cholinergic neuron, 918, 4664, 11828 Cleavage, 1115, 3565, 14956 calcium ion (See Calcium ion) Cholinergic stimulation, 8119 N-cadherin, 4605, 5974 cation (See Cation channel) Cholinergic system, basal forebrain, 5992 calpain-mediated, 9330

Cav3.1 T-type calcium, 9668 Cholinesterase-3, resistant to inhibitor of, 12625 semaphorin, 11385 chloride (See Chloride channel) Chondroitinase, 14881 of striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase, 9330 cyclic nucleotide-gated, 6250 Chordotonal organ, femoro-tibial, 3897 Cleavage fragment, 15134 dopaminergic axon, 12542 Chromaffin cell, 863, 7137 Climbing fiber, 8005, 10463 hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated, 6250 Chromatin regulation, 7820 Clinicoradiological paradox, 2805 ion (See Ion channel) Chromosome ten, phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on, Clock leak potassium, 2528 1773, 1874 circadian, 466, 1670 ligand-gated ion, 11441 Chromosome transgenic mouse, bacterial artificial, 1615 larval, 8312 L-type voltage-gated calcium, 9534 Chronic amphetamine, 10663 Clock neuron, blind dorsal neuron 2, 8312 neuron sodium, 10350 Chronic cocaine, 6535 Clockwork, mammalian molecular, 6114 potassium (See Potassium channel) Chronic inflammation, 3 Cluster/Clustering potassium ion (See Potassium ion) Chronic intermittent hypoxia, 4903 ectopic, 14408 sodium (See Sodium channel) Chronic nicotine, 7137, 12428 field map, 7031 sodium-activated potassium, 5127 Chronic pain, gray matter and, 13746 functional, 13751 thalamic T-type calcium ion, 4430 Chronic sustained hypoxia, 3093 phase-resetting curve and, 5218 transient receptor potential (See Transient receptor potential) Chunking, action sequence, 8280 seizure, 2103 T-type calcium, 371, 1615, 9500 Ciliary ganglion, chicken, 3749 synaptic, 7639 T-type calcium ion, 4430 Ciliary neurotrophic factor, 14334 Cluster-sorting protein 1, phosphofurin acidic, 10541 voltage-gated (See Voltage-gated) Ciliary trafficking, phosphorylation-dependent, 10541 CNBP. See Zinc-finger factor 9 Channel block, open, 2371 Cilium morphology, sensory, 4065 CNG. See Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel Channel function, 10869 Cilium plasticity, 4065 CNS. See Central nervous system Channelopathy, acquired, 4430 Cingulate, 98, 1191, 1860. See also Anterior cingulate CO. See Cytochrome oxidase Chaperone, endoplasmic reticulum, 12625 Cingulate cortex, 43, 1175, 1395 Coactivation, 10463 Chemically inducible inactivation, 6761 anterior (See Anterior cingulate cortex) Coatomer protein-9 signalosome, 1152 Chemical manipulation, 12079 Cingulate zone, rostral, 7489 Cocaine, 1087, 1735, 1855, 2393, 2876, 3715 Chemoattractant protein-1, monocyte, 4096 Circadian behavior, 14681 addiction to, 4846, 6001 10 • J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): Subject Index

chronic, 6535 Commissural local neuron, 6780 instrumental, 6599, 8280 medial prefrontal cortex, 12664 Commitment, lineage, 5365 Pavlovian, 1648 motivation for, 4846 Communication, acoustic, 2575 trace, 4346 noncontingent exposure to, 6955 Communication behavior, social, 9417 trace eyeblink, 14511 nucleus accumbens and, 6955 Comodulation, central pattern generator, 12355 trace fear, 8087 preference and, 6176 Compaction, peripheral myelin, 6094 Conductance, 5573 prenatal, 6308 Comparative magnetic resonance imaging, 14607 ␥-aminobutyric acid tonic, 5116 reward and, 3529 Comparison, value, 8388 astrocyte passive, 8551 synaptic plasticity and, 12664 Compartment, dendritic, 13649 membrane, 973 in utero exposure to, 12664 Compartmentalization of myelin segment, 3908 unitary, 3242, 14257 withdrawal from, 2876 Compartmentalized regulation, 4658 Conduction velocity, 8363 Cocaine analog, fluorescent, 6794 Compartmental modeling, 1544, 12033 Cone, 2706. See also Growth cone Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, 6973 Compensation, 13094 Cone contact, 106 Cocaine-associated cue, 11619 Compensatory enhancement, 6982 Cone function, 4616 Cocaine-seeking behavior, 4155, 9239 Compensatory gene expression, 6828 Cone opsin, mouse, 12401 Cochlea, 4210 Compensatory mechanism, 13094 Cone outer segment, 14287 Cochlear hair cell, 4023, 15277 Compensatory plasticity, 14942 Cone photoreceptor, 5841, 12865 Cochlear nerve degeneration, 14077 Competence, learning, 4542 Conflict, 1766, 6926, 14506 Cochlear nucleus, 4210 Competition, arrestin, 11867 Conflicting emotion, 5884 Cochlear stereocilia, 15083 Competitive interaction, 15780 Conflict resolution, impaired, 5884 Cockroach, 4109, 7181 Complementary theta resonance filtering, 14472 Confluence, foveal, 9050 Code/Coding, 3067. See also Decoding; Encoding Complex Confocal microscopy, 1796 adaptive, 7489 central, 4911, 11783 Conformational change, 9635 burst, 2575 dystroglycan, 3908 in glutamate receptor, 6767 hippocampal, 5287 integrin-contactin, 9174 prion protein, 8743 histone, 13079 locust central, 4911, 11783 Conformational movement, intersubunit, 3083 memory strategy, 7208 presynaptic protein, 6809 Conformation-dependent myasthenia gravis, 13898 neural system, 15727 PTF1-J transcription factor, 11139 Congruency, multisensory, 11641 olfactory, 10191 TC10-Exo70, 13292 Conjunction, robust, 9918 phase-of-firing, 13484 trigeminocervical, 12532 Connection place, 9918 tuberous sclerosis, 1773 of dorsomedial visual area, 4548 population, 8965 Complex class I molecule, histocompatability, 13503 neostriatal synaptic, 8977 robust, 14993 Complex fingertip parameters, 8022 reticulomotoneuron, 4993 selective, 7208 Complexin-I, 7991 sensorimotor, 4719, 10181 sensory, 12802 Complexity, dendritic, 15317 synaptic, 8977, 11283 single-cell, 8965 Complex movement stimulus, 14026 Connectional specificity, 3271 sparse, 2355 Complex sound, 5456, 11192 Connectivity, 43, 98, 1860, 11263 spatial pattern, 8005 Complex spike synchrony, 14352 brain, 14812 spatiotemporal olfactory, 10191 Composition, subunit, 2272 cerebellar functional, 8586 synchrony-based, 10463 Computation cerebellothalamocortical, 9740 temporal, 334, 2355, 2486, 2626, 9227 cerebellar, 8462 correlated, 3685 visual space, 11841 dynamic, 12220 functional (See functional connectivity) Codevelopment, activity-dependent, 8816 reference-dependent value, 3833 neuron, 5088, 7395 Coexpression, heterozygous, 2845 stereo, 15780 organization of, 5088 Cofilin, 288, 550, 12994 Computational model, 1077, 9255 retinotectal synaptic, 11065 Cofilin activity, 8129 Computational power, 3276 spike train and, 10234 Cognition, 1244, 1312, 1860, 2212, 2252, 4690 COMT. See Catechol-O-methyltransferase in superficial dorsal horn, 5088 Alzheimer’s disease and, 12957 Concentration, 9809 Connectivity network, intrinsic, 8586 epileptogenesis and, 5402 ␥-aminobutyric acid, 15721 Connectivity pattern, 6406 Huntington’s disease and, 13589 odor, 3067 Connexin spatial, 169 synaptic cleft glutamate, 10221 astrocyte, 7743 verbal, 3792 Concomitant cytosolic calcium ion oscillation, 9281 Cx30, 7743 visual, 3792 Concurrent excitation, 11732 Cx32, 4736 Cognitive aging, 5108 Concurrent inhibition, 11732 Cx35, 15178 Cognitive control, 98, 1766, 3930 Concurrent mutation, 12089 Cx36, 1235, 14903 Cognitive deficit, 8363, 8805, 14177 Concurrent neurotoxicity, 3956 Cx43, 7743 Cognitive function, 10741, 14637 Conditional ablation, 10869 Connexin phosphorylation, 15178 Cognitive impairment, 8752, 14770 Conditional amplifier, of spike transmission, 5000 Conscious perception, 12839 Cognitive network, striatal, 7364 Conditional forebrain inactivation, 7290 Conservation, evolutionary, 3538 Cognitive performance, 14050 Conditional inactivation, 4461 Conserved Ig superfamily member turtle, 14151 Coherence, 2076 Conditional knock-out mouse, 2581, 7290 Consolidation, 2225, 10087 Coincident discharge, 2384 Conditional mutant, 2453 memory, 5143, 8206, 9644, 14299 Cold, 2162 Conditional reinforcement, 3627 Consonance, 13165 Cold-thermosensitive neuron, 3120 Conditioned cue, drug, 6001 Conspecific vocalization, 3011, 6769 Collapse, growth cone, 6649 Conditioned odor aversion, 10287 Constitutive heterotrimer, 9301 Collateral, striatopallidal axon, 8977 Conditioned place avoidance, formalin-induced, 3307 Consumption, voluntary nicotine, 10410 Collicular-cortical circuit, 5308 Conditioned response, 8474 Contact Colliculus. See Inferior colliculus; Superior colliculus Conditioned stimulus, 1573 adhesive, 12449 CoLo. See Commissural local neuron Conditioned taste aversion, 4056 astrocyte-neuron, 11723 Colocalization, 14553, 15308 Conditioning, 3676 cadherin, 12506 Color, 12159, 13992 associative, 2225, 10191 cone, 106 Color-opponent ganglion cell, 2706 classical, 1046, 14956 Contact force, 3930 Color-related signal, 12159 cue-dependent fear, 11089 Contactin, 6677 Color vision, 2666 eyeblink classical, 14956 Contactin-associated protein, 3103 Column, ocular dominance, 6514 fear (See Fear conditioning) Contactin complex, integrin-, 9174 Combined motion/force task, 8784 inhibitory avoicance, 11078 Contacting cell, central canal, 10010 Subject Index J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): •11

Context dependence, 2553 Cooperativity, of exocytosis, 12196 subgenual cingulate, 1395 Context-dependent modulation, 7238 Coordinate, hand-centered, 11841 superior parietal, 14980 Context independence, 591 Coordinate-based meta-analytic modeling, 14496 superior parieto-occipital, 4381 Context-specific grasp, 6436 Coordination temporal, 5494, 10335 Contextual fear, 3387 intersegmental, 9351 temporal association, 11924 Contextual fear memory, 7379, 15713 motor, 15735 ventral, 11421 Contextual information, 8270 of rhythmic motor activity, 9351 ventral frontoparietal, 4392 Contraction COP. See Coatomer protein ventral visual, 10638, 14864 diaphram, 2984 Core, accumbens, 12275 ventromedial prefrontal, 1395, 2188, 7631, 11020, 11330, muscle, 4109, 13190 Corpuscle, pacinian, 2695 12315 unilateral, 6353 Correlated activity, 1077 visual (See Visual cortex) Contralateral activity, 6353, 8187 Correlated connectivity, 3685 visual ventral, 11421 Contralateral cortical hemisphere, 10081 Correlation Cortex development, 15029 Contralaterality, 811 density, 14553 Cortex inhibition, medial, 7330 Contralateral option, 13465 neural, 12574, 13165 Cortex-specific Pax6, 8335 Contrast gain control, 2467 noise, 6635 Cortical action network, 4922 Contrast response, regulation of, 5009 Cortex, 964, 1191, 1285, 1860, 1915, 2009, 2414, 3738. See also Cortical activity, 3685, 5276 Contrast response function, modulation of, 10683 Neocortex auditory, 15898 Control analysis of, 8429 modulation of, 7513 adaptive, 12930 anterior cingulate, 1766, 3307, 8206, 11619, 14506 pain and, 7909 adaptive gaze, 6234 auditory (See Auditory cortex) persistent, 7513 adaptive optimal, 6472 barrel, 70, 2384, 3642, 4089 spontaneous, 8512 amygdala, 5985 cerebellar, 10309 termination of, 7513 attentional, 11641 cerebral, 620, 1202, 1300 Cortical afferent, 7815 autonomic, 9292 cingulate (See Cingulate cortex) Cortical ␥-aminobutyric acidergic interneuron, 9380 avian song, 6461 cocaine and, 12664 Cortical anatomical network, 15684 behavior, 7181 dorsal frontoparietal, 4392 Cortical area, medial, 14463 brain, 14363 dorsolateral prefrontal, 10827 Cortical arousal, 11698 cognitive, 98, 1766, 3930 dorsomedial prefrontal, 8280, 10827, 11020, 13158 Cortical astrocyte, 8063 contrast gain, 2467 embryonic, 9614 Cortical axon, 3738 decision, 13158 entorhinal (See Entorhinal cortex) Cortical axon elongation, 13720 dendritic spine, 7929 extrastriate, 4548, 7432 Cortical axon outgrowth, 5873 differential, 5616, 6250 extrastriate visual, 7031, 8936 Cortical circuit, 5308 diffuse noxious inhibitory, 15828 foveal, 2768 Cortical deactivation, 13006 direct, 5916 frontal, 2496 Cortical-dependent learning, 7424 emotional, 14812 guinea pig, 4930 Cortical depression, 8177 executive, 5135 gustatory, 765, 7424, 11271, 15386 Cortical deprivation, visual, 8960 feeding, 15205 inferior frontal, 10171, 10827 Cortical dopamine, prefrontal, 4836 gain (See Gain control) inferior temporal, 5494, 7788 Cortical dynamics, 10600 gaze shift, 7723 insular, 2684, 6769, 9314 Cortical dysplasia, 313 glomerular signaling, 13454 laryngeal motor, 14912 Cortical encoding, visual, 7199 growth rate, 11973 lateral intraparietal, 7278 Cortical excitability, 10979 impedance, 12606 lateral prefrontal, 3259, 8114 Cortical excitation, 10371, 10410 inhibitory, 9059, 12558 Layer 4 visual, 15286 Cortical fast-spiking interneuron, 7040 lateral gain, 6358 low-level auditory, 6078 Cortical field potential, visual, 10120 by medial septum, 15375 macaque, 7031, 8936, 11753, 13702, 15780 Cortical folding, 11149 modular, 191 medial entorhinal, 973 Cortical hemisphere, contralateral, 10081 motor (See Motor control) medial frontal, 6926 Cortical infarct, 8187 movement, 14363 medial orbitofrontal, 1395 Cortical inhibition, 2725, 9850 musician’s dystonia and, 14627 medial prefrontal, 402, 4836, 7631, 10802 Cortical inhibitory cell, 10533 neural, 3930, 4109 monkey, 5516, 7788, 9490, 13210, 14223 Cortical inhibitory neuron, 10520 neuron stress response, 5926 motor (See Motor cortex) Cortical lamination, 288 optimal, 6472, 7723 murine, 14553 Cortical layer, 8335 proactive inhibitory, 9059 neonatal, 15479 Cortical lesion, 6917 respiration, 3824, 8177 newborn auditory, 14726 Cortical mammalian axon, 4697 response, 13158 orbitofrontal (See Orbitofrontal cortex) Cortical map, interaural, realignment of, 7065 saccadic, 12930 oscillations in, 15029 Cortical map plasticity, behavior and, 5992 segregation, 14211 parietal (See Parietal cortex) Cortical network, 4392, 5897, 14596, 15595 sensorimotor, 3026 perceptual decision-making and, 8675 Cortical neuron, 9127, 15331 by septum, 15375 perirhinal, 4346, 8329 adaptation of, 13837 song, 6558 piriform, 12641, 13649 medial prefrontal, 7526 spatial attention, 5863 plasticity of, 4888 motor, 13870 strategic, 13158 posterior insular, 9314 prefrontal, 7208, 7526 surface diffusion, 6007 posterior parietal, 9396, 11182, 14363 rat, 4708, 7208 temporally specific, 11732 prefrontal (See Prefrontal cortex) in vivo, 15317 top-down, 1565 premotor (See Premotor cortex) Cortical neuron migration, 15520 trace conditioning, 4346 primary auditory, 3374, 4888, 8350 Cortical neurotransmitter, modulation of, 5202 transcriptional, 6752, 7181 primary motor, 6926, 12675, 15115 Cortical oscillation, 4571, 7679, 9481 volitional, 8177 primary somatosensory, 2684, 11817 Cortical plasticity, 5992, 7549 wakefulness, 14423 primary visual (See Primary visual cortex) Cortical power spectrum, 3132 Control performance, inhibitory, 7158 primate, 5640, 6769 Cortical processing, 7686 Convergence, 106 rat, 8965, 15551 Cortical pyramidal neuron, 600 cranial visceral afferent, 12886 secondary hyperalgesia and, 11424 Cortical region, 5234 spatiotemporal, 9271 secondary somatosensory, 7238 Cortical representation, 2961, 12948 Convulsion. See Seizure sensorimotor, 12210 Cortical thickness, 2205 Cooperative interaction, 15780 somatosensory (See Somatosensory cortex) Corticocollicular input, 6580 12 • J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): Subject Index

Corticocortical axon, 3172 aversive learning, 15205 Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent growth cone col- Corticocortical interaction, 7230 cocaine-associated, 11619 lapse, 15155 Corticogenesis, 775, 14571 depth, 727 Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase, Corticomuscular coupling, 6616 drug conditioned, 6001 PrkG1, 1350 Corticospinal excitability, 11841 endogenous, 14160 Cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway, 7886, 8225, 9344, Corticospinal interneuron development, 8816 environmental, 3109, 11619 13945 Corticospinal neuron, 14932 fear memory, 15713 Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel isoform, hyperpolarization- Corticospinal pathway, 11708 guidance, 12542 activated, 8847 Corticospinal system, 8816 learning, 15205 Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel, 6250, 10541 Corticospinal tract regeneration, 8649 memory, 2742, 15713 Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel, hyperpolarization-activated, Corticosterone, 1404, 1826, 15745 motion, 7315 5841 Corticosterone modulation, 2857 Pavlovian, 12220 Cyclin D2, 9614 Corticostriatal activity, 2414 prepotent reward, 6500 Cyclin-dependent kinase 5, 3551, 12497 Corticostriatal interaction, 12831 reweighting of, 15601 Cycling behavior, 12824 Corticostriatal plasticity, 12115 vestibular, 15601 Cyclohydrolase-1, guanosine triphosphate, 1544 Corticothalamic cell, 13919 visual, 15601 Cyclooxygenase, cerebrovascular COX-1, 12970 Corticothalamic circiut, human, 7679 Cue-dependent fear conditioning, 11089 Cyclophilin D, 2588 Corticothalamic neuron, 964 Cue-induced dopamine release, 6176 CypD. See Cyclophilin D Corticotropin-releasing factor, 6535, 7379, 13743 Cue-induced heroin seeking, 14764 Cys. See Cysteine Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor, 9955 Cue-induced reinstatement, 9239 Cystatin B, 5910 Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1, 4155 Cue-outcome associations, 5287 Cystatin B deficiency, 5910 Corticotropin-releasing hormone, 1404, 15745 Culture, 9545 Cysteine430, 12284 Cost-benefit valuation, 4531 Curcumin, 9078 Cysteine-loop, 1626, 3189 Cotransporter. See Potassium-chloride cotransporter; Sodium- Current Cysteine-loop receptor, homopentameric, activation of, 6022 potassium-chloride cotransporter calcium ion-dependent nonselective cation, 11943 Cytochrome oxidase, 15455 Cough receptor, 13662 cation (See Cation current) Cytokine, 359, 1319, 2089 Counterirritation analgesia, 14236 depolarization-induced slow, 8530 Cytokinesis 1, dedicator of, 118 Countermanding action, 9059 evoked excitatory postsynaptic, 3093 Cytokine switch, 3816 Coupling, 4065, 9351 excitatory postsynaptic, 3093, 7558 Cytoplasm 1, brain, 9977 corticomuscular, 6616 extrasynaptic, 543 Cytoplasmic coiled-coil domain, 12625 electrical, 789, 9761 gigantic ␥-aminobutyric acidergic, 7776 Cytoplasmic N-terminal domain, 2733 energetic, 3189 hyperpolarization-activated cationic, 600 Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 1, 13630 functional, 9668 inhibitory, 15299 Cytoplasmic tail, 15613 glutamate transporter, 8143 inhibitory synaptic, 2857 Cytoskeletal striation, Alzheimer-like neuritic, 12994 G-protein (See G-protein-coupled) modulator-activated, 12355 Cytoskeleton, 1277, 12982 joint, 191 M-type potassium ion, 11098 actin, 288, 10869, 13971 membrane-delimited, 10000 persistent inward, 2748 axon, 11316 neurometabolic, 1424 postsynaptic (See Postsynaptic current) axon initial segment, 13242 neurovascular, 1424, 2545, 2814 potassium ion (See Potassium ion current) neurofilament and, 11316 photoreceptor, 15178 resurgent, 2027 Cytosolic calcium ion oscillation, concomitant, 9281 stability of, 9761 sound-evoked postsynaptic, 2762 Cytosolic calcium ion signal, 7886 Coupling preference, 9330 staircase, 5343 Cytotoxic CD8 ion, 15397 COUP-TF. See Chicken ovalbumin upstream promotor-transcription synaptic, 3109, 3749 factor tonic, 543, 1755 D Coverage, 106 voltage-gated, 5411 COX. See Cyclooxygenase Cutaneous murine polymodal nociceptor, 8612 DA. See Dopamine CPEB. See Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein Cutaneous nociceptor, 1636 Damage. See also Injury/Ischemia CPG. See Central pattern generator Cutaneous sensory neuron, 4808 brain, 6186 CPu. See Caudate-putamen CV ratio, 973 cochlear, 4210 CPX. See Complexin Cx. See Connexin ischemic oxidative, 13823 Cranial motoneuron, 2322 CXC. See Chemokine primary axon, 10272 Cranial visceral afferent, 12886 Cyclase. See Adenylate cyclase; Adenylyl cyclase primary visual cortex, 3981 CRE. See Cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element Cycle/Cycling Danio rerio. See Zebrafish Creativity, 5319 calcium ion, 12101 Dark-adapted toad, 5716 CREB. See Cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element- cell, 2902, 6932 Dark degeneration, Purkinje cell, 9244 binding protein hippocampal theta, 9563 DARPP. See Dopamine and cyclic adenosine monophosphate- Cre transgene, 1267 mitochondrial calcium ion, 12101 regulated phosphoprotein CRF. See Corticotropin-releasing factor sleep-wake, 11828 DAT. See Dopamine transporter CRH. See Corticotropin-releasing hormone visual, 1486 Dauer quiescence, 7302 Critical function, 15810 Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, 263, 2393, 8408, 8493 DBH. See Dopamine-␤-hydroxylase Critical information, 13730 Cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent axon guidance, DBS. See Deep brain stimulation Criticality, 15595 15434 DCC. See Deleted in colorectal cancer Critical period, 11852 Cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase A, DCX. See Doublecortin Cross-correlation, between spike train, 10234 2637 Deacetylase, histone. See Histone deacetylase Cross-frequency spatial phase, representation of, 14342 Cyclic adenosine monophosphate-induced gene transcription, Deactivation, cortical, 13006 Cross-frequency synchronization, directional, 426 12702 Deafening, 4210 Cross-linking, functional, 11912 Cyclic adenosine monophosphate-regulated phosphoprotein 32, Deafferentation, cholinergic, of the neocortex, 4120 Crossover inhibition, 789 6828 Deafness, 811, 5711, 10215. See also Hearing loss Cross-seeding fibrillation, 5153 Cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding pro- Death Cross-talk, synaptic, 4140 tein, 402, 2334, 4356, 6389, 8828, 15542 acidosis-induced neuron, 14371 Cross-talk pathway, 9521 CREB/cAMP-responsive element modulator, 328 caspase-dependent cell, 9714 Crustacean, 1834 CREB-dependent gene transcription, 12702 cell (See Cell death) CT. See Cholera toxin signaling and, 7966 excitotoxic, 5536 C-terminal 4.1 Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin domain, 15810 Cyclic guanosine monophosphate, 1350 hair cell, 3843 Cue Cyclic guanosine monophosphate/cyclic guanosine N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced neuron, 5536 attention shift, 14160 monophosphate-dependent protein kinase I, 15155 neuron (See Neuron death) Subject Index J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): •13

neuron cell, 529, 15397 active input on, 6406 Depolymerization, actin, 2926 normoxic oxidative, 8828 basal, 11891 Deposition perinatal, 2984 brain-derived neurotrophic factor and, 14185 amyloid, suppression of, 4964 programmed cell, 14847 mitral cell, 7023 peripheral lipid, 5916 Deceleration, of phototransduction, 14199 pyramidal cell, 7833, 12641 reduced amyloid, 9163 Decision, 1998, 2136, 2569, 3343 pyramidal neuron, 7833 Depression, 268, 1395, 1937, 2259 adaptive, 11020 thalamorecipient neuron, 6406 acid-sensing ion channel-1a and, 5381 mediation of, 11020 Dendrite mapping, 6406 cortical, 8177 preference and, 3760 Dendrite patterning, regulation of, 8248 endocannabinoid-mediated long-term, 4131 taste-guided, 11271 Dendrite structure, 5032 long-term (See Long-term depression) Decision bias, 8715 Dendrite targeting, 13919 major depressive disorder, 9072 Decision control, 13158 Dendrite targeting interneuron, 9563 model of, 7820 Decision-making, 1175, 2231 Dendritic arborization, 476, 2334, 5032, 12229 motion perception and, 9072 amygdala and, 5251, 5985 Dendritic architecture, 6904 rapid synaptic, 3374 basolateral amygdala and, 5251 Dendritic calcium ion signaling, 4658 spreading, 8225 biophysical basis of, 3431, 4301 Dendritic cell, 140 synaptic, 2076, 3374, 7797 changing condition, 11560 Dendritic compartment, 13649 visual motion perception and, 14381 corticostriatal interaction and, 12831 Dendritic complexity, 15317 Depression model, 14 intertemporal, 15727 Dendritic development, 3288 Depression-related behavior, 4200, 5381 perceptual, 8675 Dendritic hyperpolarization-activated cation nonselective 1 sub- Deprivation, 811 prefrontal cortex and, 10827 unit, 10979 long-term visual, 13691 reward and, 5251 Dendritic messenger ribonucleic acid translation, 8688 sensory, 2384 risk and, 5251, 12574, 15727 Dendritic signaling, 7803 sleep, 14050 social, 7631 Dendritic spine, 1017, 1719, 2876, 3529, 6406, 8206 visual, 2205, 13691 Decision-making bias, 5985 control of, 7929 visual cortical, 8960 Decision-making model, 4301, 9861 maintenance of, 8129 Depth cue, 727 Decision-making reversal, 7591 membrane potential and, 6897 Depth perception, 1688 Decision value, 12315 purkinje cell, 9668 Deranged calcium signaling, 9148 Decision variable analysis, 9861 Dendritic spine enlargement, 7607 Descending analgesic pathway, 7220 Declarative memory, 1052 Dendritic spine plasticity, 5367 Descending neuron, 14993 Decoding burst, 11891 Dendritic translocation, local, 12636 Desensitization, 3322, 6819, 7341. See also Sensitivity/Sensitiza- Decoding color, 13992 Dendritic transmission, 7023 tion Decorrelation of activity, 10890 Dendritic transmitter release, 7023 Desoxysphingolipid, 14646 Decoupling, 3132 Dendritic tree, 3271, 5343 Desynchronization, 2597, 10890 Dedicator of cytokinesis 1, 118 Denervation, peripheral somatosensory, 3738 Detection, 13410, 14143 Deep brain stimulation, 5354 Dense-core vesicle, large, 23, 1457 Detect probability task, 5793 Deep tissue pain, 10820 Density Deubiquitinating enzyme Usp14, 10909 Default-mode network, 11424, 14496 gray matter, 4882 Developing entorhinal cortex, 12131 Defensive behavior, 12617 microvascular, 14553 Developing rat, 7898 Defensive fear system, 12236 neuron, 14553 Developing visual pathway, 1126 Degeneration, 951, 2297. See also Neurodegeneration postsynaptic (See Postsynaptic density) Development, 328, 686, 811, 1163, 1599, 2009, 2113, 2205, 2334, axon, 118, 653, 6526 spine, 2876, 10405, 15317 2404, 2510, 2588, 2762, 3172, 10094 cochlear nerve, 14077 Density correlation, 14553 activity-dependent synaptic, 11852 dark, 9244 Dentate basket cell circuit, 7846 amacrine cell, 3992 inflammation and, 3442 Dentate granule cell, 8259, 13532 axon, 10995 light-sensitive retinal, 15145 Dentate gyrus, 1381, 1826, 2428, 8493, 15063 brain (See Brain development) macular, 2768 development of, 8578, 9875 central nervous system synapse, 11723 neuron, 3200, 15353 mouse, 12412 cerebellar, 7439 photoreceptor, 9186 Dentate gyrus granule cell, 1755 cerebellar granule cell, 8901 Purkinje cell dark, 9244 Deoxyribonucleic acid-based magnetic resonance imaging, 10663 cerebral cortex, 7404 retinal, 1486, 15145 Dependence. See also individual types, e.g. Activity dependence complex sound representation, 5456 striatal neuron, 3200 N-cadherin cleavage and, 4605 cortex, 15029 Wallerian, 653, 3160, 6276 cholinergic, 8087 corticospinal interneuron, 8816 Degradation context, 2553 dendritic, 3288 ␣-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid re- environmental, 3343 dentate gyrus, 8578, 9875 ceptor, 4498 methamphetamine, 14734 Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1 and, 12768 background noise and, 14100 nicotine, 4922 Drosophila, 4972 delayed, 10715 response, 15115 early, 6389, 9930 endocannabinoid, 3766 of sensory response, 10600 early hippocampal, 3419 endoplasmic reticulum-associated, 2833, 2845 sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter 1, 3419 early postnatal, 9510 macrophage-mediated, 3603 state, 10600 fetal brain, 4263 protein, 1152 voltage, 15414 glial, 11399 Delay, robust, 6526 Dephosphorylation, 6649 gustatory neuron, 3354 Delayed degradation, 10715 dopamine-stimulated, 14903 habenula, 14309 Delayed match-to-sample, 11880 dynamin, 7706 hippocampal, 3419, 7474, 8578 Delayed reward, 13365, 14820 Depletion hippocampal neuron, 5435, 13630 Deleted in colorectal cancer/Netrin-1, 8914 dopamine, 6828 hypothalamic, 9714 Deletion, 10254 of nucleus, 15878 inhibitory neurotransmission, 9943 astrocyte connexin, 7743 serotonin, 6033 interneuron, 15039 genetic, 15100 tryptophan, 11993 late, 12558 localized, 4218 Depolarization, 483, 2938 lateral geniculate nucleus, 13672 Delivery, 1755 ␥-aminobutyric acid-triggered, 3419 learning, 13389 Delta, 1267 sustained, 1140 massage and, 6042 ␦2, 907 synaptic, 3233 molecular, 5170 Dementia, 3948, 8506, 12467 Depolarization-induced slow current, 8530 motor learning, 13389 Dendrite, 476 Depolarizing potential, giant, 6982 mouse thalamic, 4484 14 • J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): Subject Index

muscle spindle, 4719 Diffusion Dissonance, 13165 neocortical network, 9011 abnormal water, 3508 Distinct dynamics, 12355 neural, 2984, 11139 N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor surface, 6007 Distortion, spatiotemporal, 13147 neuromuscular junction, 10909 surface, control of, 6007 Distraction, 3059 neuron, 13292 Diffusion imaging, 2212 Distribution, 3011 olfactory, 4972 Diffusion tensor imaging, 1175, 2805, 3160, 4263 of activity fluctuation, 13410 olfactory bulb, 9405 Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging reversal, 3508 differential protein, 1904 oligodendrocyte, 7898, 10047 Diffusivity, axial, 2805 firing rate, 3685 perinatal, 14713 Digit, diminutive, 15756 of gray matter, 14265 postnatal brain, 2496 Dihydroethidium, 2545 neuron, 4829 purkinje cell, 15366 Dihydroxyphenylalanine, 7364, 13730 pattern, 10563 rat, 9521 Dihydroxyphenylalanine-induced dyskinesia, 4829 probability, 1648 regulation of, 5170, 5425, 10184, 11484 Dilator neuron, pyloric, 5062 of vesicular glutamate transporter, 4210 retinal, 1077, 10809 Diminutive digit, 15756 Disulfide bond, 907 retinotectal synaptic connectivity, 11065 Dinucleotide, neuron nicotinamide adenine, 5525 Disulfide isomerase, protein, 13850 rostral cerebellar, 7439 DiO tracer dye, 9197 Disynaptic inhibition, neocortical, 8991 serotonin neuron and, 10341 2,3-Dioxygenase, indoleamine, 4200 Divalent salt, 2654 structural, 3019 Dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein, DPP6, 3242 Divergence, 106, 14439 subcortical brain, 11772 Dipicrylamine, 9197 Diversity, neural, 15933 sympathetic neuron, 7569 Direct connection, 4993 Dizocilpine, 6917 synaptic, 9778, 11723, 11852 Direct control, 5916 DLG. See Disc large synaptic connectivity, 11065 Direct counting, 14553 DM2. See Myotonic dystrophy 2 thalamic motor learning, 13389 Direct current stimulation, 5202 dMIRO. See Drosophila Miro zebrafish, 13566 polarity-specific, 9115 DMS. See Delayed match-to-sample Developmental change, 9761 transcranial, 2648, 7271 DNA. See Deoxyribonucleic acid Developmental desynchronization, 10890 Direct innervation, 3138 DOCK180. See Dedicator of cytokinesis 1 Developmental expression, 7877 Direction, 6353, 13870. See also Head direction Docking regulation, 9429 Developmental neuroscience, 12735 Directional cross-frequency synchronization, 426 Docking site, 10131 Developmental song learning, 12878 Directional polarity, 7886 Domain, 2440 Developmental switch, 8288, 14652 Directional selectivity, 13030 Aczonin/Piccolo, 12584 Deviant ryanodine receptor, 9458 Direction cell, head, 493 amino-terminal, 12045 Dexamethasone, 2857 Direction signal, auditory, 6490 attachment, 4519 dFmr1, 1948 Direction-specific disruption, 12909 Bassoon, 12584 DGC. See Dystroglycan complex Disassembly, microtubule, 6593 binding, 11912 Dialysis. See Microdialysis DISC1. See Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1 CAST, 12584 Diapause, 7302 Discharge C-terminal 4.1 Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin, 15810 Diaphram contraction, 2984 acoustically evoked, 9510 cytoplasmic coiled-coil, 12625 Dieback, macrophage-mediated axon, 9967 burst, 2563 cytoplasmic N-terminal, 2733 Diencephalospinal axon, longitudinal dopaminergic, 8914 coincident, 2384 extracellular, 3189 Diet-induced obesity, 5916 ictal, 2814, 3660 multidimensional sensory, 9227 Difference/Differentiation, 2113, 2938 maintained, 2467 N-terminal (See N-terminal domain) active zone, 5207 neuron, 11828 pre-M1, 3189 age-related, 15684 self-sustained, 2748 protein, 1126 cell, 4408 Disc large 1, 8858 Rim, 12584 cortical inhibitory cell and, 10533 Disconnection syndrome, 10215 transmembrane, 13042, 14257 embryonic stem cell and, 5711 Discounting, 8839, 9575 transmembrane domain TM3-TM4 loop, 2440 ethopharmacological, 12617 Discrimination Domain-independent cognitive control, 3930 hippocampal neuron, 6607 behavioral, 15650 Domain mechanism, 8675 interaural time, 7978 emotional, 14864 Domain mobility, 11912 motor cortex and, 13255 left-right sound source, 3431 Dominance, ocular, equalization and, 6514 neural, 12174 neural, 11409, 15650 Dominant-negative suppression, 2845 neuroblast, 5075 object, 2794 l-DOPA. See Dihydroxyphenylalanine neuron, 6607, 14394 odor, 12302 Dopamine, 444, 852, 1224, 1538, 1887, 1897, 2259, 2414, 2496, oligodendrocyte, 5365, 6367, 11172 perceptual, 8329 2648, 3328 presynaptic, 11065 pitch, 13338 cortical, 4836 progenitor cell and, 4408 sensory, 14924 cue-dependent fear conditioning and, 11089 regulation of, 5207 sound source, 3431 hibernation and, 7302 sequential, 13566 of tactile stimulus, 5964 Parkinson’s disease and, 6105 sex (See Sex difference) Discrimination performance, orientation, 15721 phase signaling modulation and, 8215 spiral ganglion neuron and, 5711 Discrimination task, two-stimulus-interval, 7238 prefrontal cortical, 4836 temporal, 11904 Disengagement, reponse, 6033 reward and, 4858 white matter, 8698 Disinhibition, 2519 striatal (See Striatal dopamine) Differential control, 5616, 6250 endocannabinoid-mediated, 7220 transcription and, 6828 Differential engagement, 11330 millisecond timescale, 15420 Dopamine and cyclic adenosine monophosphate-regulated phos- Differential excitation, 9127 synaptic, 9826 phoprotein 32, 6828 Differential expression, 4972, 12332 Dismutase, superoxide. See Superoxide dismutase Dopamine-␤-hydroxylase, 280 Differential gene expression, 13672 Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1, 12768 Dopamine depletion, 6828 Differential modulation, 4836, 5411, 8350, 8633, 10131 Disruption Dopamine-deprivedstriatal␥-aminobutyricacidergicinterneuron, dopamine, 8977 of axon initial segment, 13242 7776 in hippocampal neuron, 4750 direction-specific, 12909 Dopamine function, nigrostriatal, 14057 Differential pattern of activity, 5516 of Ether-a`-go-go, 14637 Dopamine-glutamate interaction, 2948 Differential protein distribution, 1904 head direction cell signal, 14521 Dopamine-induced gene transcription, 12702 Differential recruitment, 10321 sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter 1, 6982 Dopamine modulation, 5116, 8977 Differential regulation, 3992, 5616 Dissimilar goods, 12315 Dopamine neuron Differential translocation, 10281 Dissociable brain structural change, 10863 midbrain, 15923 Diffuse noxious inhibitory control, 15828 Dissociable striatal subregions, 4690 nigral, 15414 Subject Index J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): •15

substantia nigra, 15531 Down syndrome phenotype, 5938 transient, 10191 ventral tegmental area and, 6535 DP5, 1987 Dynamin, temperature-sensitive, 14199 Dopamine pathway, 10424, 12428 DPA. See Dipicrylamine Dynamin dephosphorylation, 7706 Dopamine pathway function, nigrostriatal, 8156 DPP. See Dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein Dynamin-independent endocytosis, 8063 Dopamine receptor, 2414 Dravet syndrome, 10764 Dynamin-syndapin interaction, phospho-dependent, 7706 activation of, 6124 DRG. See Dorsal root ganglion Dynein light chain LC8, 9429

D1, 2663, 2948, 4829, 4836, 7766, 15001 Drinking, binge, 8655 Dynorphin, 4293, 7349, 11859 D1/D5, 3109 Driven change, 2915 Dynorphin, 9390 D2, 1224, 2663, 3036, 3695, 14086, 14752, 14812, 15551 Drl, 4972 Dynorphin opioid peptide, 14371 D2/D3, 6124, 14734 Drl-2, 4972 Dyskinesia, dihydroxyphenylalanine-induced, 4829 D4, 550, 4836, 10785 Drosophila, 517, 951, 1573, 1948, 2371, 2666, 3343, 3538, 3852, Dysmyelinating phenotype, 7743 phosphatidylinositol-linked, 7766 8595, 12940 Dysphoria, 1855 striatal, 14734 axon tiling in, 14151 Dysplasia, cortical, 313 u-shaped effect of, 6124 caffeine and, 11029 Dystonia, 9740, 14627 Dopamine release, 4690, 14670 larval brain of, 8312 Dystroglycan, 3908, 13136 cue-induced, 6176 leg motoneuron in, 6904 Dystroglycan complex, 3908 somatodendritic, 6568 parkin and, 11257 Dystrophic neurite, 5108, 9163 Dopaminergic axon, 4044, 12542 sleep in, 11029 Dystrophy Dopaminergic axon branching, 11973 Drosophila ␥-aminobutyric acid receptor, 4287 amyloid ␤-induced neuritic, 10627 Dopaminergic/calcitonin gene-related peptide A11, 12532 Drosophila brain, 4768 muscular (See Muscular dystrophy) Dopaminergic diencephalospinal axon, longitudinal, 8914 Drosophila Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule, 1904 Dopaminergic drug, 15104 Drosophila importin 13, 5628 E Dopaminergic innervation, medial prefrontal, 6599 Drosophila lineage analysis, 6904 Dopaminergic neurodegeneration, 3365, 11257 Drosophila melanogaster, 828 E. See Excitation E%-Max Dopaminergic neuron, 1361, 1962, 13543 Drosophila Miro, 5443 E2. See 17␤-Estradiol heterogeneous, 2915 Drosophila model, 7148 EAE. See Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mesodiencephalic, 5170 Drosophila neuromuscular junction, 5628, 8539 Ear, inner, 2762 midbrain, 10410 Drosophila neuron, 6239, 12033 Early development, 6389, 9930 nigrostriatal, 444 Drosophila olfactory system development, 4972 Early functional alteration, 4871 substantia nigra, 11011 Drosophila photoreceptor, 14199 Early gene. See Immediate-early gene in vivo, 5170 Drosophila protease-activated receptor domain protein, 10920 Early hippocampal development, 3419 Dopaminergic neuron bursting, 15888 Drug Early integration, pathway for, 4548 Dopaminergic neurotransmission, 13730 abuse of, 1087, 5389 Early-life social isolation, 9955 Dopaminergic response, to drug conditioned cue, 6001 addiction to, 4035 Early-life stress, 15745 Dopaminergic signaling, neural cell adhesion molecule and, 14752 antipsychotic, 13730 Early neurite morphogenesis, 8946 Dopaminergic terminal, 2948 dopaminergic, 15104 Early olfactory processing, 10191 Dopamine shape, 5062 withdrawal from, 12244 Early-onset schizophrenia, 9481 Dopamine signaling, 4035, 7302, 8530 Drug conditioned cue, dopaminergic response to, 6001 Early postnatal development, 9510 Dopamine-stimulated dephosphorylation, 14903 Drug-seeking behavior, 3715 Early visual area, 6392 Dopamine synthesis, 13730 Dscam. See Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule Early withdrawal, 3738 Dopamine transmission, 13344 DSCR. See Down syndrome critical region ECM. See Extracellular matrix Dopamine transport, 1087, 1361, 3328, 4592 DTI. See Diffusion tensor imaging Economic value, 14004 Dopamine transporter trafficking, 6794 Dual adaptation, 10396 Ecstasy. See Methylenedioxymethamphetamine Dorsal frontoparietal cortex, 4392 Dual gradient in opsin, 2706 Ectoderm, 2113 Dorsal hippocampus, 2857, 8633, 12244 Dual neural routing, 13445 Ectonucleotidase, 14713 Dorsal horn Dual stream, 3011 Ectopic clustering, 14408 fractalkine in, 6945 dunce, 852 Ectopic expression, 9186 medullary, 11161 Duration, of long-term pause, 6625 Editing, ribonucleic acid, 4287 superficial, 5088, 6691, 13401 Duration tuning, millisecond level, 9255 Edn. See Endothelin Dorsal horn neuron, 798, 3206, 15828 Dye, tracer, 9197 EE. See Environmental enrichment Dorsal neuron 2, 8312 Dynamic activation, 10264 EEG. See Electroencephalography Dorsal pontine nucleus, 6154 Dynamic association, 10750 Effect Dorsal raphe nucleus, 9955 Dynamic behavior, 8419 dose-dependent, 6124 Dorsal root axotomy, 3160 Dynamic brain-cell signaling, 9002 downstream, 12401 Dorsal root crush, 6285 Dynamic clamp, 973 of estradiol, 8790 Dorsal root ganglion, 1636 Dynamic computation, 12220 global advantage, 7788 Dorsal root ganglion cell, 3766 Dynamic encoding, 3148, 7526, 13870 isoform-dependent, 6771 Dorsal root ganglion neuron, 3956, 4016, 5127 Dynamic foraging task, 15104 shift, 2467 Dorsal spinal cord, 14415 Dynamic modification, 10221 Effector-specific value, 13524 Dorsal striatum, nicotine and, 4035 Dynamic pain modulation, 10264 Efficacy, increased synaptic, 2637 Dorsal-ventral frequency gradient, 7625 Dynamic range, 15595 Effort, physical, 9450 Dorsal-ventral integration, 5336 Dynamic range adaptation, 13797 Effort-based valuation, 4531 Dorsal visual stream, 1928, 4548 Dynamics EGCG. See Epigallocatechin gallate Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, 10827 attractor, 9059 EGF. See Epidermal growth factor Dorsolateral striatum, 13494 auditory cortex, 10600 Egocentric body, 4162 Dorsomedial hypothalamus, 7389 cortical, 10600 Ego-motion, 14993 Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, 8280, 10827, 11020, 13158 distinct, 12355 EGR1 downregulation, 12467 Dorsomedial striatum, 14891 of glutamate receptor 1, 4332 Electrical activity, 2167 Dorsomedial visual area, connection of, 4548 motor cortex, 12653 Electrical coupling, 789, 9761 Dose-dependent effect, 6124 network, 1677 Electrical microstimulation, 10683 Doublecortin, 313, 10995 neural, 2076, 5494, 12374 Electrical silencing, 15397 Downregulation, 10653, 11294, 12467 nonequalibrium calcium, 8396 Electrical stimulation, 2428 Downstream, 2611, 8129 spatiotemporal, 2814 Electrical synapse, 3431 Downstream effect, 12401 subcellular, 8198 Electrocorticographic activity, gamma-band, 10203 Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule, 1904, 2984 temporal, 3660 Electrode, nitric oxide, 2545 Down syndrome critical region, 5938 theta timescale, 12597 Electroencephalogram, intracranial, 12675 16 • J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): Subject Index

Electroencephalogram oscillation, 7869, 12839 Endocannabinoid-mediated disinhibition, 7220 Entropy, 10989 Electroencephalogram phase, 7869 Endocannabinoid-mediated long-term depression, 4131 Envelope, 7686, 15564 Electroencephalography, 426, 620, 871, 1052, 1191, 1699, 2103, Endocannabinoid signaling, 7220, 13603 Environment, natural, 6234 2725 Endocannabinoid system, 4846 Environmental cue, 3109, 11619 Electrographic pattern, 3660 Endocytic trafficking, 3590 Environmental dependence, 3343 Electromyography, 1915 Endocytosis, 222, 1361, 3865, 15308 Environmental enrichment, 3395, 10809 Electron microscopy, 1235, 1457 activity-dependent bulk, 7706 Environmental mechanics, 13255 Electrophysiological maturation, 7040 dynamin-independent, 8063 Environmental stimulation, 1496, 3148 Electrophysiological properties, 6558 rapid, 11038 Enzymatic activity, 5525 Electrophysiological recording, 907 synaptic vesicle, 7706 EPA. See Ethyl-eicosapentaenoate Electrophysiology, 1034, 2428, 2486, 5573, 12532 Endodomain, 1904 Epac, 15434 error-predicting, 8604 Endogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor, 13494 Eph. See Ephrin intracranial, 5287 Endogenous inhibition, 6379 Ephrin of object naming, 15762 Endogenous lipoamino acid, 13106 EphB, 7404 Electrotonic postsynaptic potential, 3431 Endogenously cued attention shift, 14160 EphB1, 3463 Element-binding protein, cyclic adenosine monophosphate re- Endogenous lynx1-like prototoxin, 14847 glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked, 3404 sponse, 4356, 6389 Endogenously released serotonin, 3720 Manduca, 3404 Elevated calcium, 4794 Endogenous neurotransmission, 3036 Ephrin B1 specificity, 3463 Elongation Endogenous nitric oxide, 8565 Ephrin B receptor, 8129 cortical axon, 13720 Endogenous ␬-opioid, 4293 Epidermal growth factor receptor, 2666 of myelin segment, 3908 Endogenous pain, 10264 Epigallocatechin gallate, 3843 rapid perceptual, 8960 Endogenous peripheral modulation, 7246 Epigenetics of sex difference, 12815 EM. See Electron microscopy Endogenous release, 10387 Epilepsy, 1615, 2103, 2814. See also Status epilepticus Embedding multiple trajectory, 13172 Endogenous rhythm, 14681 absence, 2833 Embryonic chicken, 3749, 15232 Endolymphatic sodium homeostasis, 15851 catamenial, 1457 Embryonic cortex, 9614 Endonuclease 1, 5726 Dravet syndrome, 10764 Embryonic mouse retina, 6932 Endoplasmic reticulum, 2845, 6094 experimental, 5402 Embryonic neural precursor cell, 6710 Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation, 2833, 2845 and fragile X syndrome, 3497 Embryonic preoptic area, 9380 Endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion, 6568 generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus, 2027, 2845 Embryonic spinal neuron, 7877 Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone, 12625 genetic, 2833 Embryonic stem cell, 5711 Endoplasmic reticulum exit, 303, 6094 genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg, 371 Embryonic synapse, 3749 Endoplasmic reticulum export, 10843 idiopathic generalized, 371 EMG. See Electromyography Endosomal sorting complex required for transport III, dysfunction model of, 6964 Emission tomography, positron, 1538, 1544, 1887 of, 8506 progressive, 3453 Emotion, 43, 705, 1132, 1175, 3307 Endothelial cell, 4351, 14451 progressive myoclonus, 5910 conflicting, 5884 Endothelial cell preconditioning, 4356 temporal lobe (See Temporal lobe epilepsy) facial expression of, 15089 Endothelial growth factor. See Vascular endothelial growth factor Epileptogenesis, 10979 nonsalient, 4836 Endothelin 1, 10047 astrocytic dysfunction in, 10588 salient, 4836 Endothelium, vascular, 3538 cognition and, 5402 Emotional control, 14812 Energetic coupling, 3189 group I mGluR-mediated, 3497 Emotional discrimination, 14864 Energy capacity, optic nerve and, 7917 mammalian target of rapamycin and, 6964, 12372 Emotional facilitation, 9450 Energy store, 3138 mediation of, 6964 Emotional information, encoding of, 4836 Engagement, differential, 11330 transforming growth factor ␤ and, 8927 Emotional learning, 10785 Engrailed knock-out, 7181 Episodic encoding, 8270 Emotional memory, 4836, 5143 Engram, fear, 9700 Episodic memory, 3073, 3475, 10900 Emotion processing, 14812 Enhancement Epithelium, 1486, 3354, 15851 Empathic neural response, 8525 compensatory, 6982 Epithelium cell, retinal pigment, 15810 Empathy, for pain, 12384 match, 131 EPM1. See Progressive myoclonus epilepsy Emx1 lineage progenitor, 15933 of memory, 8114 EPSC. See Excitatory postsynaptic current En. See Engrailed mismatch, 131 EPSP. See Excitatory postsynaptic potential Encephalitis, neuron dysfunction in, 3948, 12467 of neuritogenesis, 12393 Equalization, ocular dominance and, 6514 Encephalomyelitis, 2805, 3442, 3816, 14965 neuron, 6389 Equation, structural, 2212 Encoding, 4381. See also Code/Coding of planning ability, 7271 Equilibrium, 191, 1998 allocentric, 10512 selective, 5832 ER. See Endoplasmic reticulum Bestrophin-1, 13063 serotonin-dependent, 5100 ERAD. See Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation cholinergic stimulation and, 8119 subcortical, 5832 ERBB4, 12255 dynamic, 3148, 7526, 13870 of visual motion perception, 9072 ERK. See Extracellular signal-regulated kinase of emotional information, 4836 Enlargement, spine, 3395, 7607 ERM. See 4.1 Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin episodic, 8270 Enrichment, 86, 3395, 10809 ERP. See Event-related potential fingernail, 9370 ENS. See Enteric nervous system Error of marginal utility, 9575 Ensemble, 1006, 11271, 15386 brain activity and, 8604 outcome, 7526 Ensheathing glia, 4768 learning from, 7158 phase, 3431 Enteric nervous system, 9683 likelihood of, 14506 response, 7526 Entorhinal cortex, 8087 reward and, 12183 simultaneous, 12031 developing, 12131 Error correction, and proprioception, 3485 spatial information, 10512 medial, 973 Error prediction, 8604 taste-encoding neural ensemble, 15386 nicotine and, 10436 Error processing, 12183 of value, 13365 rat, 10436 Error-related activity, 7158 ventral pallidum, 12220 Entorhinal cortex slice, 8565 Error representation, 6418 visual cortical, 7199 Entorhinal neuron, medial, 7625 Escape, fast, 6780 of visual information, 5671 Entrainment, 1152, 2972 Escape trajectory, of cockroach, 7181 Encoding burst, 11891 circadian, 476 ESCRT. See Endosomal sorting complex required for transport III Encoding space, 5308 gating photic, 11717 Esrom, 6593 Endbulb of Held auditory synapse, 7991 neocortical network and, 10309 Esterase, neuropathy target, 11594 Endocannabinoid, 393, 1554, 3766 slow oscillation, 6013 Estimation, 13785, 14803 Endocannabinoid-dependent homeostatic regulation, 13222 temperature, 8312 Estradiol, 1897 Subject Index J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): •17

acutely applied, 5616 function of, 8288 potassium ion channel, 7474 auditory processing and, 5949 maturation of, 8288 presynaptic, 4131, 10974 brain aging and, 6058 Excitatory synaptic activity, miniature, 13222 proopiomelanocortin, 13684 diverse effects of, 8790 Excitatory transmission, 6535 protein, 8621 estrogen trafficking and, 15323 Excitoprotection, statin, 11226 restricted, 11399 17␤-Estradiol Excitotoxic death, 5536 rhythmic, 6114 activation induced by, 4228 Excitotoxicity, 3200, 9330, 10928 selective, 11441, 12255, 13662 locally synthesized, 10779 Excitotoxic lesion, 6033 spatially restricted, 11399 regulation by, 10552 Excitotoxin/Excitotoxicity, 2053, 2193, 2414 surface, 2997 Estrogen Exclusion, xenobiotic, 3538 survival of motoneuron protein, 7633 cell death and, 9714 Execution, movement, 14363 targeted, 3343 executive function and, 10362 Executive control, 5135 tetraspanin, 11172 ischemic oxidative damage and, 13823 Executive function, 765, 7948, 10362 transgenic, 13929 synaptic transmission and, 12982 Exercise, 2754, 7549 Expression pattern, 8847, 11399 Estrogen receptor, 1897, 5616, 12484 Exit Extended access, to cocaine, 4846 ER␣, 8790, 13823, 15323 cell cycle, 2902 Extension, neurite, 15520 ER␤, 8790 endoplasmic reticulum, 303, 6094 Extensor motoneuron, 2748 Estrogen receptor pathway, 9390 Exo70 complex, TC10-, 13292 External tufted cell, 2043, 11943 Estrogen trafficking, 15323 Exocytosis, 23, 863, 1480, 2581, 15308 Extinction, 402, 2225, 3387 Ethanol, 543, 8408, 9521 calcium-dependent, 10474 age and, 10802 Ethanol withdrawal, 11662 calcium ion-dependent, 8639 fear, 10802 Ether-a`-go-go, 14637 cooperativity of, 12196 impairment of, 15713 Ethological rate, 5163 spontaneous, 14120 inhibitory avoidance, 11078 Ethopharmacological differentiation, 12617 synaptic, calcium ion-dependent, 8639 medial prefrontal cortex and, 10802 Ethyl-eicosapentaenoate, 14 Expansion of memory, 3676, 4056 EtOH. See Ethanol of face representation, 12009 Extinction failure, 8474 Evaluation, 2569, 11020 membrane, 13292 Extinction memory, 9644 Event-related potential, 454, 1132, 2725, 2742, 4871, 8447 triplet repeat, 8752 Extinction-reconsolidation interaction, 13432 Evoked discharge, acoustically, 9510 wing, 3343 Extracellular acetylcholine, 3808 Evoked excitatory postsynaptic current, 3093 Expectancy theory, Gibbon’s scalar, 14803 Extracellular domain, 3189 Evoked plasticity, 4888 Expectation, 4392, 11745 Extracellular glutamate, 3715 Evoked response, local field potential, 5354 Expected reward, 8965 Extracellular gradient, 7450 Evoked spike, synaptically, 5276 Expected utility theory, 2231 Extracellular magnesium ion, 2774 Evolutionary conservation, 3538 Expected value, 13465 Extracellular matrix, 7731 Exchange Experience Extracellular pH, 3252 chloride ion-bicarbonate ion, 3252 musical, 14100 Extracellular recording, 1580 sodium ion/calcium ion, 2053 previous, during training, 9644 Extracellular signal-regulated kinase, 1657, 2393, 2890, 3307 Exchange factor, guanine nucleotide, 118 psychostimulant, 12275 ERK1/2, 3322 Excitability, 1743, 2414, 8612 sensory, 3172 ethanol and, 8408 aging and, 4750 short-term, 15910 Extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation, 4228, 6955 ␥ -aminobutyric acid receptor GABAA and, 9592 visual, 14066 Extramacular epithelium, 15851 cerebellar, 9115 Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, 2805, 3442, 3816 Extrastriate cortex, 4548, 7432 cerebellar cortex, 14352 Experimental stroke, 3875 Extrastriate visual cortex, macaque, 7031, 8936 ␥ cortical, 10979 Expertise, with artificial nonspeech sounds, 5234 Extrasynaptic -aminobutyric acid GABAA receptor, 12757 corticospinal, 11841 Export, endoplasmic reticulum, 10843 Extrasynaptic current, 543 fast-spiking interneuron, 12412 Expression, 3307, 4622 Extrasynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, 9330 interneuron, 12412 ␣-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid syn- Eye, 2297 intrinsic, 5389 aptic, 6308 fearful, 9123 intrinsic neuron, 11098 of amyloid precursor protein, 4708 Eyeblink conditioning learning and, 4750 astroglial potassium ion channel, 7474 classical, 14956 M1, 8897 calbindin, 2915 trace, 14511 metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated, 9977 calcium ion-activated chloride ion current, 10063 Eye field, 591. See also Frontal eye field modulation of, 9115, 9888 Cbln 1, 5425 Eye field neuron, frontal, 5308, 15621 neuron, 313, 9977, 13328 cerebrovascular cyclooxygenase-1, 12970 Eye field region, frontal, 7599 pregnancy and, 9592 cholecystokinin, 4140 Eye movement, 3026, 12374 pyramidal neuron, 11203 compensatory gene, 6828 adaptation of, 5266 Excitabilty, cellular, 1677 developmental, 7877 goal-directed, 6154 Excitation differential, 4972, 12332 rapid (See Rapid eye movement) ␥-aminobutyric acidergic, 3419, 10989 differential gene, 13672 saccadic, 5266 concurrent, 11732 Dynorphin, 9390 Eye position, binocular, 11461 cortical, 10371, 10410 ectopic, 9186 Eye-specific segregation, 14855 differential, 9127 fear, 8474, 13432 Ezrin, radaxin, and moesin family proteins, 13971 feedforward, 2043 fibroblast growth factor, 7766 4.1 Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin domain, C-terminal, 15810 glutamate, 2997 full, 15017 of histaminergic tuberomamillary neuron, 4471 gene (See Gene expression) F thalamocortical, 9127 homozygous, 2845 Excitation E%-Max, 7497 Kiss1, 9390 FAAH. See Fatty acid amide hydrolase Excitatory action of ␥-aminobutyric acid, 2637 N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, 6955 Face, 38, 5336 Excitatory input, 15195 neuron vascular endothelial growth factor, 8493 Face adaptation, 12035 Excitatory interaction, mediation of, 4953 neuropeptide Y gene, 7389 Face recognition, 5336 Excitatory microcircuit, functional, 15479 nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase, 6276 Face representation, expansion of, 12009 Excitatory neuron, 10533 NPY, 3642 Facial expression of emotion, 15089 Excitatory postsynaptic current, 3093, 7558 opsin, 12401 Facilitation, 2076 Excitatory postsynaptic potential, 3233 parvalbumin, 4140 in Aplysia californica, 5100 Excitatory synapse plasticity-associated gene, 5949 emotional, 9450 accumulation at, 4004 postsynaptic, 4131 intracortical, 8897 18 • J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): Subject Index

long-term, 9553 Feature-dependent sensitive period, 5456 supplementary eye, 591 mutual, 4953 Feature detection, 14143 visual area V4 receptive, 5749 presynaptic, 268 Feedback, 2569 visual receptive, 10520 of somatodendritic dopamine release, 6568 calcium ion, 2125 Field map cluster, 7031 visual, 13445 frontal, 15675 Field potential. See Local field potential Factor inhibitory, 9930, 11582 Figure-ground segregation, 460 apoptosis-inducing, 4189 negative, 3695, 7591, 11582 Filament, actin, 15083 brain-derived neurotrophic (See Brain-derived neurotrophic position, 5476 Filopodial stabilization, 12229 factor) proprioceptive, 2961 Filtering, temporal, 10264 ciliary neurotrophic, 14334 sensory, 2972 Finger movement, 3132 corticotropin-releasing (See Corticotropin-releasing factor) short-latency, 7166 Fingernail encoding, 9370 epidermal growth (See Epidermal growth factor) thalamic inhibitory, 9930 Fingernail mechanoreceptor, 9370 exchange (See Exchange factor) visual, 2961 Fingertip force, 8784, 9370 fibroblast growth (See Fibroblast growth factor) Feedback synapse, 789 Fingertip parameters, complex, 8022 granulocyte-colony stimulating, 11572 Feedforward excitation, 2043 Fingertip size, 15756 growth (See Growth factor) Feedforward loop, transcriptional, 15542 Finger trajectory, 191 guanine nucleotide exchange, 118 Feedforward synapse, 789 Firing leukemia inhibitory, 14334 Feeding, 179, 359 burst, 1735, 9281, 15531 Lim-homeobox transcription (See Lim-homeobox transcription glucoprivic, 280, 7015 cell, 7497 factor) Feeding control, 15205 large-scale synchronized, 5022 MEF2D transcription, 6700 FEF. See Frontal eye field neuron, 2915, 5022, 11817, 12532, 13952 negative guidance, 10488 Feline periodic burst, 9281 neurotrophic (See Neurotrophic factor) adult, 12145 persistent, 4945 nuclear (See Nuclear factor) area 17 of, 13919 precision of, 8452 pigment-dispersing, 2597 auditory cortex of, 14323 repetitive, 2748 repressor element 1 silencing transcription, 6296 respiratory system of, 3824 spontaneous, 9826 serum response, 1525, 4512 sound duration and, 15650 striatal neuron, 13952 transcription (See Transcription factor) walking, 9396 synchronized, 5022 trophic, 2167 Feline immunodeficiency virus infection, 8429 Firing pattern, 9563 tumor necrosis (See Tumor necrosis factor) Female canary, 15511 autonomous, 8396 VEGF (See Vascular endothelial growth factor) Female mouse, male sexual behavior in, 7658 hippocampal place cell, 6840 Fading, visual, 8996 Female rat, brain aging in, 6058 neuron, 5411 Familial amyloid polyneuropathy, 3220 Femoro-tibial chordotonal organ, 3897 neurotrophic regulation of, 5411 Familiarity memory, 14987 Fen-1, long-term memory and, 5726 in superior colliculus, 7166 Fasciculation, dopaminergic axon, 12542 FERM. See 4.1 Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin sympathetic, 5411 Fasciculus, arcuate, 10215 Ferret, 2355 Firing property, 12275 FASD. See Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder Ferritin, 2534 Firing range, subprimary, 11246 Fast adaptation, 4023 Fetal brain development, 4263 Firing rate, distribution of, 3685 Fast afterhyperpolarization, 4750 Fetal nicotine exposure, 7137 FISH. See Fluorescence in situ hybridization Fast calcium signaling, parallel fiber-induced, 9668 FGF. See Fibroblast growth factor Fission, mitochondrial, 9090 Fast escape, 6780 Fgf8, 13389 5-HTT knock-out mouse, 15575 Fastigial nucleus, rostral, 10499 Fiber Flap structure, 5726 Fasting-induced change, 5240 association, 15089 Flashed visual stimulus, 11055 Fast kinetics, 11246 cerebellar parallel, 15586 Flexibility, behavioral, 3148 Fast-spiking ␥-aminobutyric acidergic interneuron, neocortical, climbing, 8005, 10463 Flexor motoneuron, 2748 7040 hippocampal mossy, 2637 Flotillin, 6607 Fast-spiking interneuron, 5276, 7040, 13883 mossy (See Mossy fiber) Flow. See Blood flow Fast-spiking interneuron excitability, 12412 parallel (See Parallel fiber) Fluctuation, 8512, 8715 Fate Fiber input, 8462 Fluency, category, 10900 cell, 13710, 15277 Fiber synapse Fluid phase macropinocytosis, 4252 laminar, 7079 hippocampal mossy, 5000, 5713 Fluorescence in situ hybridization, 898 laminar cell, 13710 parallel, 10974 Fluorescence microscopy, 863, 1361, 3328 neurotrophin, 10715 Fiber synaptogenesis, parallel, 5738 Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, 351 Fate mapping, 7256 Fibrillar aggregate, 9104 Fluorescent cocaine analog, 6794 Fate specification, neuron, 6932 Fibrillar amyloid ␤-stimulated microglial activation, 11982 Fluorescent protein. See Green fluorescent protein Fatty acid amide hydrolase, localization of, 3766 Fibrillation, cross-seeding, 5153 Fluoxetine binding, 9635 F-BAR. See FCH/Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs Fibroblast growth factor, 1202, 1608 Fly descending neuron, 14993 FCH/Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs, 13315 FGF2, 6379, 7766 Fly neck motoneuron, 13097 FCO. See Femoro-tibial chordotonal organ FGF8, 4044 fMR. See Functional magnetic resonance FCS. See Phenylalanine-cysteine-serine Fibroblast growth factor expression, 7766 Fmr1, 1948 Fear, 1496, 12617 Fibroblast growth factor receptor, 1608 FMRP. See Fragile X mental retardation protein bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and, 10357, 15351 Fibroblast growth factor signaling, 14571 Focal adhesion kinase, 6649, 8129, 13981 contextual (See Contextual fear) Fictive gain/loss, 8839 Focal hypoxia, transient, 2814 threat and, 12236 Fictive locomotion, 11601 Focal plasticity, 6124 unconditioned, 6053 Field Folding Fear conditioning, 1648, 3387, 4346, 9700 anterior auditory, 8350 cortical, 11149 cue-dependent, 11089 eye (See Eye field) neuroligin-4, 10843 trace, 8087 frontal eye (See Frontal eye field) protein, 15145 Fear engram, 9700 lateral geniculate nucleus receptive, 11409 Food, 43, 13053 Fear expression, 8474, 13432 local (See Local field) Food consumption, analgesia and, 13053 Fear extinction, 10802 place, 7504 Food intake, 1503, 8302, 15195 Fearful eye, 9123 posterior auditory, 14323 Food memory, 10287 Fear learning, modulation of, 10131 receptive (See Receptive field) Food picture, 11330 Fear memory, 6053, 7379, 9700, 15713 retrorubral, innervation of, 3613 Foraging, 3148 Fear system, defensive, 12236 spatially coextensive receptive, 8372 Foraging task, 15104 Feature binding, 4120 spectrotemporal receptive, 2780 Force Subject Index J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): •19

combined motion/force task, 8784 Frontal-limbic white matter, 6229 Functional magnetic resonance imaging adaptation, 1688 contact, 3930 Frontal lobe, 2569 Functional network, 14912 fingertip, 9370 Frontal neuron, prelimbic, 8474 Functional neuroanatomy, 3073 sensory weighting of, 5476 Front-leg stepping, 2972 Functional neuron, 4408 voluntary fingertip, 8784 Frontoparietal cortex Functional null mutation, 10764 Forebrain, 4172 dorsal, 4392 Functional plasticity, 3172 auditory, 6871, 13557 spatial attention and, 5863 Functional presynaptic bouton, 12449 avian, 6558 ventral, 4392 Functional recovery, 14932 basal (See Basal forebrain) Frontoparietal function, aberrant, 11347 central pattern generator lesion and, 13115 mammalian, 12484 Frontoparietal network, 1395 contralateral cortical hemisphere and, 10081 songbird auditory, 13557 Frontotemporal dementia, 8506 femoro-tibial chordotonal organ and, 3897 spatial memory and, 10835 FS. See Fast-spiking grafting and, 13126 Forebrain cholinergic system, basal, 5992 Full expression, 15017 Functional reelin receptor, 10653 Forebrain inactivation, conditional, 7290 Function. See also Structure-function Functional regeneration, 6285 Forebrain neuron, 2780 aberrant frontoparietal, 11347 Functional reorganization, 12210, 13691 Forebrain tonotopy, 6871 Alzheimer’s disease and, 12787 Functional specificity, 4239 Foreleg stepping, 9396 brain, 3172 Functional topography, 13158 Forkhead box, FOXO3a, 8236 calcium ion channel, 10730 Functional Val158Met polymorphism, 10855 Formalin-induced conditioned place avoidance, 3307 ␦-catenin and, 5435 Functional variation, 14812 Formation central nervous system, 12764 Fundamental frequency, 7718 amyloid ␤ oligomer, 4004 channel, 10869 Fundamental pitch, 7718 axon, 9794 cognitive (See Cognitive function) Fusion circuit, 15642 cone, 4616 cell, 3799 habit, 15100 contrast response, 10683 membrane, 883 hippocampal, 9771 critical, 15810 mitochondrial, 9090 long-term memory, 5726, 10335 dopamine, 14057 vesicle, 10221 memory (See Memory formation) of excitatory synapse, 8288 Fusion machinery, synaptic, 8639 of potassium channel, 5654 executive, 765, 7948, 10362 Fusion pore, 863 roof plate, 11377 glia, 4768 Fv recombinant antibody, single-chain, 1126 spatiotemporal pattern, 1677 hippocampal, 1267, 1381, 2676 FXR2P. See Fragile X mental retardation protein homolog FXR2P stable heterokaryon, 3799 hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel, Fyn phosphorylation, 9174 synapse, 2167, 2404, 11065, 15039 6250 Fyn regulatory mechanism, 11794 time-dependent, 8206 impaired receptor, 3551 Fornix microstructure, 14987 loss of (See Loss of function) G Fos, 1404 memory, 5640, 9219 c-Fos, 1331 motor, 11550 G. See G-protein 4.1 Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin domain, C-terminal, 15810 neural system, 12636 G33. See Glycine 33 Foveal confluence, 9050 neuron, 3579, 7246, 12484 G2019S. See Glycine at position 2019 Foveal cortex, 2768 nigrostriatal dopamine, 14057 GABAergic. See ␥-Aminobutyric acidergic FOX. See Forkhead box nigrostriatal dopamine pathway, 8156 GAD. See Glutamic acid decarboxylase Foxb1, 2453 overlapping, 11377 GAERS. See Genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg Foxp2, 13672 sensory, 7667 Gain, 973, 8839, 11933 Fractalkine, 6945 spinal, 5435, 14383 Gain control, 2125, 5009 Fractions, representation of, 4652 synaptic (See Synaptic function) contrast, 2467 Fragile X mental retardation, 12419 taste memory, 9219 lateral, 6358 Fragile X mental retardation protein, 1514, 1948 transfer, 1006 Gain modulation, 9490 Fragile X mental retardation protein homolog FXR2P, 1514 visual, maturation of, 6042 Gait, locomotion and, 7098 Fragile X syndrome, 1514, 3497 vomeronasal, surgical disruption of, 7658 Gallate, epigallocatechin, 3843 Fragment, cleavage, 15134 Functional afferent pathway, 2762 G␣, 393 FRAP. See Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching Functional alteration, early, 4871 Game, 4542, 7278 Freely moving rodent, 6176 Functional axon regeneration, 14881 Game theory, 1998 Free radical, 610 Functional brain imaging, 12729 Gamma activity, 13962 Frequency, 426, 1285 Functional clustering, 13751 Gamma-band, sensorimotor, 12384 fundamental, 7718 Functional connectivity, 1395, 5897, 7238, 10171 Gamma-band electrocorticographic activity, 10203 gamma oscillation, 15721 cerebellar, 8586 Gamma-band synchronization, 9471, 12384, 12521 network, 6427 disruption of, 12686 Gamma oscillation, 2563, 7497, 13353 Frequency adaptation, spike, 2626 modulation of, 7364 Gamma oscillation frequency, 15721 Frequency gradient, dorsal-ventral, 7625 Functional coupling, 9668 Ganglion, 3749. See also Basal ganglion; Dorsal root ganglion Frequency modulation, 7833, 13030 Functional cross-linking, 11912 Ganglion cell Frequency organization, 6871 Functional excitatory microcircuit, 15479 blue-yellow, 8372 Frequency response, 5841 Functional glial subtype, 4768 color-opponent, 2706 Frequency specification, 12675 Functional heterogeneity, 14496, 14670 intrinsically photosensitive, 476 Frequency stimulation, 11203, 15308 Functional hierarchy, 3271 midget, 4675 Frequency tuning, 7679, 11409 Functional interaction, 4592, 14299 rat dorsal root, 3766 Frog sacculus, 10025 Functional isoform, 12332 retinal, 1469, 2706, 3463, 3992, 4274, 11237, 12865, 14334, Frontal area, 765 Functionality, reduced, 4719 15001 Frontal cortex, 2496 Functional lateralization, 13516 Y-like, 5048 inferior, 10171, 10827 Functional ligand, 6348 Ganglion cell synapse, 4274 medial, 6926 Functionalmagneticresonanceimaging,43,61,169,460,508,705, Ganglion neuron Frontal eye field, 2136, 13815 727, 930, 1052, 1132, 1224, 1395, 1565, 1648, 1707, 1766, dorsal root, 4016, 5127 human, 7599 1817, 1860, 2231, 2252, 2283, 2428, 2477, 3073, 3182, spiral, 5711, 11123 macaque, 10683 4381, 5985 GAP. See Guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein Frontal eye field neuron, 5308, 15621 blood oxygen level-dependent, 3036 Gap junction, 1235, 2009, 5051, 5276, 6266 Frontal eye field region, 7599 of executive function, 7948 Gastrin-releasing peptide, 4622 Frontal feedback, 15675 motion processing and, 7315 GAT. See Aminobutyric acid transporter Frontal gyrus, inferior, 10153, 12675 negative, 3036 Gatekeeper for amyloid ␤ peptide, 5463 20 • J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): Subject Index

Gating, 1626. See also specific type, e.g. Voltage-gated radial (See Radial glia) subthreshold, 7023 alchohol, 13494 retinal, 5536 Glutamate response, 5100 spontaneous, 14257 Glial barrier, 15187 Glutamatergic afferent, 3093 Gating photic entrainment, 11717 Glial calcium wave, spontaneous, 11339 Glutamatergic-GABAergic interaction, 2695 Gating transduction, binding-, 3189 Glial cell, 3276, 14571 Glutamatergic neuron, putative, 4664, 11828 Gaze control, adaptive, 6234 Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, 11360 Glutamatergic synapse, 13401 Gaze orienting, 9123 Glial development, 11399 Glutamatergic terminal, 2948 Gaze pattern, 6234 Glial fibrillary acidic protein, 234, 1743, 3276 Glutamatergic transmission, regulation of, 7349 Gaze prediction, 9123 Glial function, 4768 Glutamate transport, 563 Gaze saccade, 7166 Glial motility, 14066 coupling of, 8143 Gaze shift, optimal control of, 7723 Glial subtype, 4768 GLT1, 9239 Gbx2, 2453 Glial survival, 7694 regulation of, 7898 GC. See Ganglion cell Glioblastoma cell migration, 4605 upregulation of, 9239 GCI. See Global cerebral ischemia Glioblastoma multiforme, 4189, 8884 vesicular, distribution of, 4210 G-CSF. See Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor Glioma, malignant, 4189 Glutamate uncaging, 1017 GDF. See Growth/differentiation factor Global advantage effect, 7788 Glutamic acid decarboxylase, 15713 GDNF. See Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor Global cerebral ischemia, 3508 Glutamic acid decarboxylase 2 promotor, 8790 GDP. See Giant depolarizing potential Global representation, spatially, 15258 Glycan, sialyl, 6677 GEF. See Guanine exchange factor Globoid cell leukodystrophy, 6068 Glycine, 1140, 1469, 2519 GEFSϩ. See Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus Globus pallidus, 7797 Glycine 33, 7582 Gelatinosa, substantia, 686 Globus pallidus neuron, 8452 Glycine at position 2019, 11257 Gender. See Female; Male; Sex difference Glomerular odorant response, 12070 Glycine receptor, 2440, 7639 Gene, 2334. See also Transgene; specific name, e.g. Afg3l2; specific Glomerular signaling, 13454 Glycine reversal potential, 11495 type, e.g. Abelson-related gene Glomerulus, 2043, 3067 Glycinergic projection neuron, 10104 Gene expression, 8187, 8363, 15472 GLP-1. See Glucagon-like peptide-1 Glycogen synthase kinase-3, 1350 compensatory, 6828 GLT. See Glutamate transporter Glycogen synthase kinase-3␤, 11484, 15551 differential, 13672 Glu. See Glutamate Glycoprotein, myelin-associated, 630, 5768 Dynorphin, 9390 Glucagon-like peptide-1, 5916 Glycoprotein antigen, myelin oligodendrocyte, 140 Kiss1, 9390 Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor, 6973 Glycoprotein gp130, 13473 modulation of, 7389 Glucocorticoid, 393 Glycosylation, 15145, 15445 neuron regeneration-associated, 15542 Glucocorticoid effect, memory consolidation and, 14299 Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-linked ephrin, 3404 neuropeptide Y, 7389 Glucocorticoid receptor, 2022 GMD. See Gray matter density plasticity-associated, 5949 Glucocorticosteroid receptor, 2857 GnRH. See Gonadotropin-releasing hormone Gene inactivation, 2528 Glucoprivic feeding, 280, 7015 Goal, action, 11134 Gene knockdown, 3508 Glucose, 1707 Goal-directed action, 6154, 8280, 14617 Gene-linked polymorphic region, serotonin transporter, 6229 Glucose level, brain and, 7015 Goal-directed behavior, 3259, 11330 Gene network, 5295 Glucose metabolic activity, brain, 9961 Goal-directed reaching, 9490 Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus, 2027, 2845 Glucosensing, 7015 Goal representation, 11134 Generatorofmotorsequence,4369.SeealsoCentralpatterngener- Glucose transporter Goal state, 131 ator GLUT3, 2997 Golgi, 12174 Gene regulation, 14309 GLUT4, 5193 Golgi cell, 250 Gene regulatory pathway, 14309 Glucose transporter 4-vesicle in neuron, 5193 Golgi complex, 2733 Gene-related peptide, 4981, 8798 Glud1, 13929 Golgi myelin basic protein, 6663 Gene therapy, intrabody, 13589 GluD2. See Glutamate receptor, GluR␦2 Gonadal steroid, 3808 Genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg, 371 GluR. See Glutamate receptor Gonadotropin regulation, 3920 Genetically targeted neuron, 6761 GLUT. See Glucose transporter Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, 3920, 5616 Genetic deletion, 15100 Glutamate, 263, 620, 1140, 1375, 1503, 1707, 1887, 2414 Gonadotropin-releasinghormoneneuron,3138,5616,9809,10552 Genetic epilepsy, 2833 extracellular, 3715 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion, 11859 Genetic mapping, 2867 GluK3, 15499 gp. See Glycoprotein Genetic model, murine, 3200 growth rate and, 11973 GPCR. See G-protein-coupled receptor Genetics, 1132, 2162, 2212, 5985 phase signaling modulation and, 8215 GPR. See G-protein-coupled receptor Genetic visualization, 4756 presynaptic, 4332 G-protein-coupled receptor, 1446, 2534, 3322 Gene transcription, 1525, 4512 Glutamate clearance, 14581 GPR39, 2890 cAMP element-binding protein-dependent, 12702 Glutamate concentration, synaptic cleft, 10221 GPR56, 7439 cAMP-induced, 12702 Glutamate dehydrogenase 1, 13929 Mrgpr, 8612 dopamine-induced, 12702 Glutamate excitation, 2997 Mrgprd, 13202 Gene transfer, 13578 Glutamate GluA1 subunit mouse, 5587 presynaptic, 10221 Geniculate. See Lateral geniculate Glutamate homeostasis, epileptogenesis and, 10588 G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2, 4228 Genome-wide screening, 11399 Glutamate neuron, 13684 G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 3, 1855 Gentle touch, 9314 Glutamate receptor, 517, 563 G-protein inwardly rectifying potassium, 11662 Geometry, 10160, 14687 conformational change in, 6767 G-protein inwardly rectifying potassium channel, 11237 Gephyrin oligomerization, 7639 GluR1, 1017, 4332 G-proteinsignaling,regulatorof.SeeRegulatorofG-proteinsignal- Gerstmann-Stra¨ussler-Scheinker syndrome, 10072 GluR2, 3206, 6479 ing GFAP. See Glial fibrillary acidic protein GluR4, 303 G-protein subunit G␤5, 9301 GFP. See Green fluorescent protein GluR-A subunit mouse, 5587 G-protein subunit G␤␥, 393 GFR␣1 signaling, 10695 GluR-D, 303 GR. See Glucocorticosteroid receptor Ghrelin, 14057 GluR␦2, 5738, 6767 Graded signal change, 3897 Giant depolarizing potential, 6982 GluR⑀2/NR2B, 10869 Gradient Gibbon’s scalar expectancy theory, 14803 ionotropic, 6767, 12896 dorsal-ventral frequency, 7625 Gigantic ␥-aminobutyric acidergic current, 7776 metabotropic (See Metabotropic glutamate receptor) extracellular, 7450 Gigantic inhibitory postsynaptic current, repetitive, 7776 postsynaptic, 5558 of synaptic strength, 9351 GIRK. See G-protein inwardly rectifying potassium regulation of, 5558 Graft, peripheral nerve, 14881 Glia, 263, 1608, 1707, 2009. See also Astroglia; Axoglial; Microglia; spatial organization of, 6266 Grafting neural precursor cell, 13126 Oligodendroglia Glutamate receptor-interacting protein, 6308 Granule cell, 2404, 14247 ensheathing, 4768 Glutamate release, 13929 cerebellar, 2938 neuron-glia interaction, 2695, 8363, 9292 presynaptic, 7349 dentate, 8259 Subject Index J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): •21

dentate gyrus, 1755 Gustatory cortex, 765, 7424, 11271, 15386 Hemichannel, astrocyte, 7092 hippocampal, 7504 Gustatory neuron, 3354 Hemineglect, visual, 6917 hippocampal dentate, 13532 Gyrus Hemisphere, 10081, 13465 Granule cell adhesion, 7439 angular, 15115 Hemispheric lateralization, 14912 Granule neuron, cerebellar, 3242 dentate (See Dentate gyrus) Hemodynamic response, 13962 Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, 11572 Heschl’s gyrus/superior temporal gyrus region, 6078 Hemoglobin saturation, 2814 Grasp, context-specific, 6436 inferior frontal, 10153, 12675 Hemorrhage, intracerebral, 15819 Grasping, 1928 temporal, 6078 Henophidian snake vision, 7519 Grasping movement, 6436, 12031 Heparan sulfate biosynthesis, 8539 Gravity, 1061 H Heparan sulfate proteoglycan, 8914 Gray matter, 13516 Hereditary sensory, and neuropathy type 1 phenotype, 14646 chronic pain and, 13746 Habenula, 2272 Hereditary spastic paraplegia, 11594 distribution of, 14265 development of, 14309 Heritability, 8897 sex difference and, 14265 lateral, 493 Heritable brain phenotype, 2867 Gray matter density, 4882 medial, 493 Heroin seeking, cue-induced, 14764 Green fluorescent protein, 70, 2926 Habenulo-interpeduncular system, 3014 Heschl’s gyrus/superior temporal gyrus region, 6078 strong renilla, 4622 Habit formation, 15100 Heterogeneity, 11772 vasopressin-enhanced, 13182 Habitual behavior, 7191, 11330 functional, 14496, 14670 Green-sensitive retinal photoreceptor cell, 2666 HAD. See Human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia Heterogeneous dopaminergic neuron, 2915 Grid cell, 7504 Hair cell, 2762, 7558 Heterogeneous kinetics, 9625 GRIP. See Glutamate receptor-interacting protein inner, 10730 Heterogeneous pathway, 789 GRK. See G-protein-coupled receptor kinase inner cochlear, 4023 Heterogeneous reactivity, 12292 Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated epileptogen- mammalian cochlear, 15277 Heterokaryon formation, stable, 3799 esis, 3497 outer cochlear, 4023 Heteromeric sodium-activated potassium channel, Slick/Slack, Grouping spiking, 10025 5654 perceptual, 12695 vestibular, 3103, 10474 Heteroreceptor, 1414 visual, 13210 Hair cell death, 3843 Heterotopia, 313 Growth, 14942 Hair cell morphogenesis, auditory, 15859 Heterotrimer, constitutive, 9301 of amyloid plaque, 10706 Hair cell regeneration, 6871 Heterotrimeric kinesin-II, 14287 axon (See Axon growth) Hair cell ribbon synapse, 10474 Heterozygous coexpression, 2845 cerebellar, 11377 Hallucinogen, serotonin receptor and, 7124 HF HRV. See High frequency heart rate variability presynaptic terminal, 5558 Haloperidol, modulation and, 15675 hGH. See Human growth hormone radial, 1277 Haltere input, 13097 HG/STG. See Heschl’s gyrus/superior temporal gyrus regulation of, 4044 Hand-centered coordinate, 11841 Hh. See Hedgehog rostral, 12542 Hand movement, 3930, 6154 Hibernation, 3705 terminal, 5558 Hand-object interaction, 1928, 4381 Hibernation-like state, 7302 Growth cone, 638, 6593 Hand orientation, reaching movement and, 3485 Hierarchical processing, 14323 Growth cone adhesion, regulation of, 13981 Hand position, 11461 Hierarchy Growth cone collapse, 6649, 15155 Haploinsufficiency, 9244 functional, 3271 Growth cone guidance, 7886 Haptoglobin, neuroprotection and, 15819 of musical pitch, 13165 Growth cone macropinocytosis, 10488 Harmonics-to-noise ratio, 2283 HIF. See Hypoxia-inducible factor Growth cone microtubule, 6593 HAT. See Histone acetyltransferase High-fidelity transmission, 7991 Growth cone motility, p53 and, 5183 Hb. See Homeobox gene High frequency heart rate variability, 1817 Growth cone pause, 6593 HCN. See Hyperpolarization-activated cation nonselective; High-frequency oscillation, 11246 Growth cone turning, 7450, 14136 Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated High frequency stimulation, 15308

Growth/differentiation factor-15, 13640 HCO3-. See Bicarbonate ion Highwire, 6593 Growth factor, 1636, 2113 Hcrt. See Hypocretin/orexin Hilar somatostatin interneuron, 14247 epidermal (See Epidermal growth factor) HD. See Huntington’s disease Hindbrain, 280, 2322, 11377 fibroblast (See Fibroblast growth factor) HDAC. See Histone deacetylase Hindbrain cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, 6973 nerve, 14, 10883 Head direction, 1061, 4945 Hindlimb paralysis, transitory, 12089 transforming growth factor ␤, 8927 Head direction cell, 493 Hippocampal astrocyte, 13063 VEGF (See Vascular endothelial growth factor) Head direction cell signal disruption, 14521 Hippocampal CA1. See CA1 hippocampal Growth factor receptor, epidermal, 2666 Heading perception, 8936 Hippocampal coding, 5287 Growth factor signaling, 4356 Head movement, 3103 Hippocampal dentate granule cell, 13532 Growth hormone secretion, 8198 Head rotation, horizontal, 13074 Hippocampal-dependent learning, 3109 Growth rate, 11973 Head-unrestrained monkey, 7166 Hippocampal-dependent memory, 3109 GTPase. See Guanosine triphosphatase Hearing, 2064, 2581 Hippocampal development, 3419, 7474, 8578 Guanine nucleotide exchange factor, 118 Atoh1-lineal neuron and, 11123 Hippocampal formation, 9771 Guanosine monophosphate. See Cyclic guanosine monophosphate calcium ion channel subunit ␤2 and, 10730 Hippocampal function, 1267, 1381, 2676 Guanosine triphosphatase, 9301, 15859 Hearing loss. See also Deafness Hippocampal gamma oscillation, 13353 Guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein p120, 6649 asymmetric, 7065 Hippocampal granule cell, 7504 Guanosine triphosphatase activity, Rab3A, 14534 noise-induced, 14077 Hippocampal interneuron, 4658, 5605 Guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase-1, 1544 Heat, 705, 2162 Hippocampal long-term potentiation, 5587, 9344 Guanylate kinase, membrane-associated, 669, 7929 Heat shock protein Hippocampal mossy fiber, 2637 Guidance, 638 hsp70, 2151, 9104, 12079 Hippocampal mossy fiber synapse, 5000, 5713, 8299 axon (See Axon guidance) hsp90, 1480 Hippocampal network, 8094 growth cone, 7886 loss of, 9104 Hippocampal neurogenesis, 9875 limbic, 10563 Hebbian-type reinforcement, 3271 Hippocampal neuron, 3252, 3387, 4640, 8248, 9794, 9918, 10144, repulsive (See Repulsive guidance) Hedgehog signaling, 6932 12167, 14472 visual, 6234 Hedgehog signal transduction, 4065 adult-born, 14484 Guidance cue, 12542 Hedonic food, 13053 autapse of, 7395 Guidance factor, negative, 10488 Hedonics, 2486, 3760 development of, 13630 Guidance molecule, repulsive, 1126 Heel region, of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, 11360 differential modulation in, 4750 Guided recording, 10520 Held auditory synapse, 7991 differentiation of, 6607 Guilt, 2188 Helix, ␤4 transmembrane, 8321 Hippocampal neuron development, 5435 Guinea pig visual cortex, 4930 Hematopoietic cell, fusion of with Purkinje neuron, 3799 Hippocampal neuron network, 7395 22 • J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): Subject Index

Hippocampal place cell, 6840, 12597 growth (See Growth hormone) Hypertensive rat, spontaneously, 2754 Hippocampal place cell firing pattern, 6840 locus ceruleus corticotropin-releasing, 15745 Hypertrophy, neuron, 1773 Hippocampal plasticity, 9026, 10883 melanin-concentrating (See Melanin-concentrating hormone) Hypocretin, 10939, 15575 Hippocampal pyramidal neuron, 3233 stress, 2022 Hypocretin-1/orexin A, 11215 Hippocampal retrieval, 10087 thyroid (See Thyroid hormone) Hypocretin/orexin, 14423 Hippocampal slice, 1105, 8551, 8565, 12167 thyrotropin-releasing, 3705, 4471 Hypocretin/orexin neuron, modulation of, 3705 Hippocampal synapse CA3, 10869 Hormone neuron, gonadotropin-releasing, 3138 Hypofunction, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, 8215 Hippocampal synaptic plasticity, 14581 Hormone secretion, growth, 8198 Hyposmotic inhibition, 11098 Hippocampal theta cycle, 9563 Horn, dorsal. See Dorsal horn Hypotension, postexercise, 2754 Hippocampal theta oscillation, 15836 HPA. See Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal Hypothalamic development, 9714 Hippocampal theta rhythm, 7111 H-reflex, soleus, 5784 Hypothalamic leucine, 8302 Hippocampus, 131, 328, 402, 563, 898, 930, 1052, 1414, 1826, HSAN. See Hereditary sensory, and neuropathy Hypothalamic patterning, 6989 1977,2053,2344,2428,2890,3660,4140,4239,8206,8493 hSMP. See Homeostatic synapse-driven membrane plasticity Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, 1826, 6449, 7330, 12970 acetylcholine release in, 3808 HSP. See Heat shock protein; Hereditary spastic paraplegia Hypothalamic ventral premammillary nucleus, 3138 adult, 7966 5-HT. See Serotonin Hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus, 14828 CA1 (See CA1 hippocampus) Htau mouse model, 10741 Hypothalamus, 179, 359, 1503, 2177, 7349 dorsal, 2857, 8633, 12244 5-HTT knock-out mouse, 15575 dorsomedial, 7389 human, 3475 Human, 98, 426, 727, 1175, 2162, 2648, 3276, 12948 mouse, 6989 macaque, 12521 Human apolipoprotein E, 6771 Hypothalamus-brainstem circuit, 8302 neonatal, 6982 Human brain, 4531, 9575 Hypothermia, mediation of, 6973 phase precession and, 13232 Human corticothalamic circiut, 7679 Hypothyroidism, secondary, 1212 primary, 3781 Human frontal eye field, 7599 Hypoxia rat, 8633 Human hippocampus, 3475 chronic intermittent, 4903 rodent, 12255 Human immunodeficiency virus, 2534 chronic sustained, 3093 ventral, 2857, 8633 Humanimmunodeficiencyvirus-associateddementia,3948,12467 transient focal, 2814 Histamine, 2177, 4471, 14423 Human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis mouse, 3948 Hypoxia-inducible factor-2␣, 7137 Histaminergic tuberomamillary neuron, excitation of, 4471 Human mirror neuron, 10153 Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl-hydrozylase 1, 8828 Histochemistry, 1846 Human object recognition, anatomy of, 5854 Hypoxia-ischemia, 2588 Histocompatability complex class I molecule, 13503 Human tool use, 11523 Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, 8669 Histogram, joint poststimulus time, 2384 Human visual cortex, 9050 Hypoxic sensitivity, 7137 Histone acetyltransferase, 2824 Huntingtin, 1343, 2193, 3200 Histone code, 13079 Huntington, 2414 I Histone deacetylase Huntington’s disease, 1257, 2193, 3200 BRAF-HDAC complex, 6296 cognition and, 13589 Ia. See Muscle spindle HDAC1, 8288 cortical excitation and, 10371 Iba1 protein, 998 HDAC2, 8288 heat shock protein 70 and, 9104 IBM. See Inclusion body myositis Histone deacetylase inhibitor, 2824, 11451 inhibition and, 10371 ICSS. See Intracranial self-stimulation Histone H3 phosphorylation, 14687 motor function and, 11550, 13589 Ictal discharge, 2814, 3660 History, motor, 6105 mouse model of, 9104, 13589 Ictogenesis, 1677 HIV. See Human immunodeficiency virus neuropathology of, 11550, 13589 Identity HIVE mouse. See Human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis pathology of, 5153 molecular, 12343 mouse weight loss and, 11550 thalamic progenitor, 4484 Homeobox, Aristaless-related, 8752 yeast artificial chromsome and, 10928 Idiopathic generalized epilepsy, 371 Homeobox gene Hb9 interneuron, 11601 HVC, 6558, 15511 Idiopathic scoliosis, 12477 Homeodomain protein 2, zinc-finger and, 7404 Hybridization, in situ, 898 IEG. See Immediate-early gene Homeostasis Hydrogen ion exchanger NHE1, sodium ion/, 8946 IGF. See Insulin-like growth factor calcium ion, 12174 Hydrogen peroxide, 9002 192 IgG-saporin lesion, 4120 endolymphatic sodium, 15851 Hydrolase Ig superfamily member turtle, 14151

epileptogenesis and, 10588 fatty acid amide, 3766 Ih See Hyperpolarization-activated executive function and, 7948 ubiquitin C-terminal, 7857 IL. See Interleukin glutamate, 10588 3␣-Hydroxy-5␣-pregnan-20-one, 1755 Illusory kinesthetic image, 8483 medullary, 3613 Hydroxylase, tyrosine, 444, 1544 Illusory movement, 8483 membrane, 8858 5-Hydroxytryptamine. See Serotonin Image sleep, 7948, 10939, 15575 Hyperactivity, neuron, 10410 illusory kinesthetic, 8483 synaptic, 5628, 9458 Hyperalgesia, 998, 1554, 6167, 6217, 12855 imagined kinesthetic, 8483 Homeostatic modulation, 5597 Hypercapnia, 2984 sound capture and, 13809 Homeostatic plasticity, 5820 Hyperdomapine, 15551 static visual, 8996 Homeostatic regulation, 4687, 5425, 8858, 13222 Hyperdopaminergia, 8215 Imagery, visual, 1565 Homeostatic synapse, 5820 Hyperdopaminergic tone, 14086 Imagined kinesthetic image, 8483 Homeostatic synapse-driven membrane plasticity, 5820 Hyperexcitability, amyloid ␤-induced neuron, 3453 Imagined movement, 8483 Homer2, 8655 Hyperglycemia, 6973 Imaging, 930, 1046, 1670, 1743. See also Neuroimaging Hominid, 3276 Hyperphosphorylation, 6308 calcium/voltage, 2654 Homolog deleted on chromosome ten, phosphatase and tensin, Hyperpolarization, 2938, 11237 diffusion, 2212 1773, 1874 Hyperpolarization-activated cationic current, 600 diffusion tensor, 1175, 2805, 3160, 4263 Homolog FXR2P, Fragile X mental retardation protein, 1514 Hyperpolarization-activated cation nonselective 1 subunit, 10979 fluorescent (See Fluorescence) Homolog Nogo-66 receptor-2, 5768 Hyperpolarization-activatedcyclicnucleotide-gatedcationchannel fMRI (See Functional magnetic resonance imaging) Homology, 727 isoform, 8847 functional brain, 12729 Homology modeling, 3083 Hyperpolarization-activatedcyclicnucleotide-gatedchannel,6250, live cell, 3328 Homopentameric cysteine-loop receptor, activation of, 6022 7625 molecular, 1544 Homozygous expression, 2845 Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel, MRI (See Magnetic resonance imaging) Horizontal cell, 6358 5841 time-lapse, 1300 Horizontal head rotation, 13074 Hyperproliferation, Schwann cell, 11304 two-photon, 10520 Hormone Hypersecretion, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, 14932 in vivo, 86 adrenocorticotrophic, 1404 Hypersensitivity, 15846 voltage, 6897 corticotropin-releasing, 1404, 15745 neuropathic pain-like, 14415 Imbalance, neuron network, 3660 gonadotropin-releasing, 3920, 5616 pain, 3518 Imipramine treatment, 7820 Subject Index J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): •23

Immature neuron, 10010 adaptive immune, 11511 by Schwann cell, 14408 Immature synapse, 8299 amyloid ␤ peptide-induced, 6394 ␥-secretase, 10405 Immediate-early gene, 898 autoimmune encephalomyelitis and, 3442 selective, 8828 Immediate reward, 14820 of central nervous system, 11511 serotonin and, 11993 Immune inflammation, adaptive, 11511 chronic, 3 by serotonin receptor, 10094 Immune-mediated lesion, reactivation of, 4820 injury-related, 10299 signal, 10171 Immune response, T-cell, 140 persistent, 3206 stop-signal, 10171 Immunity, 1846 Inflammatory response, systemic, 4820 survival through, 4420 Immunization, amyloid ␤, 6132 Inflammatory stimulation, 12970, 14334 synaptic, 9625 Immunodeficiency virus, human. See Human immunodeficiency Information of transition, 14571 virus contextual, 8270 T-type calcium channel, 13106 Immunodeficiency virus infection, feline, 8429 critical, 13730 Inhibitory avoidance, 11078 Immunogenic region, main, 13898 irrelevent, 3059 Inhibitory boundary molecule, 9405 Immunohistochemistry, 1235, 3160, 10802, 12532 light, 11783 Inhibitory cell, cortical, 10533 Immunoreactive dystrophic neurite, reticulon 3, 5108 manipulation of, 14980 Inhibitory control, 12558 Immunotherapy, 6132 nociceptive, 10264 diffuse noxious, 15828 amyloid ␤, 11393, 14108 nonspatial, 8166 proactive, 9059 imp13. See Drosophila importin 13 optic nerve and, 7917 Inhibitory control performance, 7158 Impaired balance, 9090 polarized light, 11783 Inhibitory current, 15299 Impaired conflict resolution, 5884 preservation of, 6207 Inhibitory factor, leukemia, 14334 Impaired learning, 4681 sensory, 8005 Inhibitory feedback, thalamic, 9930 Impaired limb, 8187 spatial, 10512, 15621 Inhibitory interneuron, 11112 Impaired memory, 4681 spectral, 61 Inhibitory neuron, 10520, 11732 Impaired receptor function, 3551 tactile, 11686 Inhibitory neurotransmission, development of, 9943 Impedance control, 12606 Information capacity, 10989 Inhibitory postsynaptic current, 7413, 7776 Importin 13, Drosophila, 5628 Information processing, 789, 8039 Inhibitory synapse, 13222 Importin ␣, 15613 Information theory, 334 Inhibitory synaptic current, 2857 Impulsivity, methamphetamine and, 14734 Information transmission, 2076, 15420 Inhibitory synaptic transmission, 10416, 13883 Inactivation, 696, 2027 Inhibitor/Inhibition, 686, 939, 2440 Inhibitory transmission, 381, 5949 chemically inducible, 6761 of activation, 13543, 13823 Initial segment, axon, disruption of, 13242 conditional, 4461 of amyloid ␤ production, 4442 Initiated response, 12675 conditional forebrain, 7290 of anxiety, 6379 Initiation gene, 2528 of autophagy induction, 8506 axon, 7450 of insulin receptor substrate, 9078 of calcium oscillation, 4708 of axonopathy, 14965 of nicastrin, 7290 caspase-3, 13761 meal, 7015 of Ras, 6649 concurrent, 11732 seizure, 8565 reversible, 8166 cortex, 7330 stem cell, 6142 temporary, 10802 cortical, 2725, 9850 Injection, intracerebral, 140 Inadvertent contralateral activity, 6353 crossover, 789 Injury/Ischemia, 263, 1093, 1105, 1796, 2193. See also Damage Incentive, 696 of cue-induced heroin seeking, 14764 axon, 2805, 3160 Incentive bias, 14820 of desensitization, 7341 brain (See Brain injury) Incentive circuit, 9450 endogenous, 6379 central nervous system, 9967 Incentive salience, 6500, 12220 histone deacetylase, 2824, 11451 cerebral (See Cerebral ischemia) Inclusion body myositis, 6132 Huntington’s disease and, 10371 cerebrovascular (See Stroke) Incommensurable object, 8388 hyposmotic, 11098 global cerebral, 3508 Incomplete spinal cord injury, 12210 of insulin, 11582 hypoxia-ischemia, 2588 Incorporation, synaptic, 12845 intracortical, 8897 inflammation and, 10299 Increased synaptic efficacy, 2637 Kunitz serine proteinase, 5666 model of, 12497 Independence large-range, 14143 neonatal spinal cord, 7549 context, 591 learning and, 3676 nerve, 5508, 10063 target-cell, 11112 of leptin, 11582 neuron, 13242 transport, 3565 local range, 14143 oxidative damage, 13823 value computation and, 3833 of mammalian target of rapamycin, 8259 peripheral nerve, 3518, 3766 Indirect connection, 4993 maturation of, 6514 spinal cord (See Spinal cord injury) Individual variability, 61 medial prefrontal cortex, 7330 transient focal cerebral, 7003 Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, 4200 mediation of, 7330 Inner cochlear hair cell, 4023 Induced wakefulness, 2663 of mitochondrial permeability transition, 4420 Inner ear, 2762 Inducible nitric oxide synthase, 2545 myelin, 5768 Inner hair cell, 10730 Induction, 3307, 8493 negative feedback, 11582 Inner leaflet, 12292 autophagy inhibition of, 8506 neocortical disynaptic, 8991 Innervation, 3354, 4930 inhibition of, 8506 Nogo-66-mediated, 15489 adrenergic, 3613 of neurite outgrowth, 11360 norepinephrine, 3093 direct, 3138 of neuroprotective gene, 4420, 5100 nuclear factor ␬B kinase ␤, 12919 medial prefrontal dopaminergic, 6599 of persistent pain, 5508 opioid, 6449 mossy fiber, 4239 Infancy, Dravet syndrome and, 10764 pharmacology of, 9625 noradrenergic, 3613 Infant, pitch perception in, 7718 of phosphodiesterase 5, 8075 of substantia gelatinosa neuron, 13202 Infantile spasm syndrome, 8752 of pontospinal noradrenergic neuron, 12855 of target brain area, 9137 Infarct, cortical, 8187 prefrontal cortex, 7330 Innexin, 5207 Infarction, cerebral, 10081 by pregabalin, 4076 iNOS. See Inducible nitric oxide synthase Inferior colliculus, 2553, 5483, 13030, 13860 presynaptic, 1414 Inosine, neuron stimulation by, 8187 Inferior colliculus neuron, 9725 pulsed, 2725 Inositol triphosphate 3-kinase A, 14039 Inferior frontal cortex, 10171, 10827 punishment-induced, 11993 Inositol triphosphate receptor, 1257 Inferior frontal gyrus, 10153, 12675 recurrent, 6616 Input Inferior temporal cortex, 5494, 7788 response, 15870 ascending fiber, 8462 Infiltration, T-cell, 14415 retinal ganglion cell, 15001 auditory, 2762, 4210 Inflammation, 14, 359, 743, 1805, 2089 robust short-latency perisomatic, 7413 corticocollicular, 6580 24 • J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): Subject Index

excitatory, 15195 mediation of, 4953 alcohol and, 9582 haltere, 13097 neuron-glia, 2695, 8363, 9292 respiratory, 8177 linking of to output, 4911 nonlinear spectrotemporal, 11192 Interpeduncular nucleus, 493, 2272 nonauditory, 4210 p53/Rho kinase, 5183 Interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein, 4616 parallel fiber, 8462 phosphatidylinositol biphosphate-dependent, 4794 Interruption of ␤-catenin signaling, 6545 peripheral retinal, 2768 physical, 4592 Intersegmental coordination, 9351 receptive field, 4089 presynaptic/postsynaptic, 10788 Intersegmental neuron architecture, 10254 synaptic, 2754, 6897, 15031 Reelin, 7459 Intersubunit conformational movement, 3083 thalamic, 9127 of reorienting and expectation, 4392 Intertemporal choice, 6055, 8839 visual, 13097 social, 38 Intertemporal decision-making, 15727 Input-output transformation, 7504 spectrotemporal, 11192 Interval, musical, 5832 Input pathway, 6114 subcortical/interhemispheric, 6196 Intestinal polypeptide, vasoactive, 1670 Insect, stick, 2972, 4109 synergistic, 13264 Intoxication, carbon monoxide, 5854 In situ, membrane potential, 9197 T-cell-neuron, 15397 Intrabody gene therapy, 13589 In situ hybridization, fluorescence, 898 transsynaptic, 10788 Intracellular calcium ion, 2167 Insomnia, 7148 Interaction game, 4542 Intracellular chloride ion, 10416 InsP. See Inositol triphosphate Interaction node, protein, 12584 Intracellular stores, 6568 Inspiration, 2984 Interaural cortical map, realignment of, 7065 Intracellular trafficking, 2733 Instability, 12606 Interaural time difference, detection of, 7978 Intracerebral hemorrhage, 15819 Instruction, verbal, 1766, 13255 Intercellular glial calcium wave, 11339 Intracerebral injection, 140 Instrumental behavior, 7191 Interface, 3083, 8734 Intracerebral sequestration, 11393 Instrumental conditioning, 6599, 8280 Interference, 12167. See also Ribonucleic acid interference Intracortical facilitation, 8897 Instrumental learning, 7191 Interfering ribonucleic acid, small, 280 Intracortical inhibition, 8897 Insula, 1034, 1046, 1817 Interferon-␣, 3948 Intracortical microstimulation, 6196, 15898 Insular cortex, 2684, 6769, 9314 Interferon-␥, 4200 Intracortical targeting, dopaminergic axon, 12542 Insular somatotopy, 9314 Interferon regulatory factor 3, 9839 Intracranial electroencephalogram, 12675 Insulin, 6734, 11582 Interhemispheric interaction, subcortical/, 6196 Intracranial electroencephalography, 1052 Insulin-like growth factor-I, 775, 10809, 15366 Interlaminar subnetwork, 10533 Intracranial electrophysiology, 5287 Insulin receptor substrate, inactivation of, 9078 Interleukin, IL-1, 3395 Intracranial self-stimulation, 1735, 1855 Insulin-sensitive tissue, 5193 Intermediate progenitor cell, 9614, 14571 Intraflagellar transport, 4065 Insulin signaling, 11582 Intermediate target, 6593 Intralaminar neuron, 5088 Intact brain, 12229 Intermittent hypoxia, chronic, 4903 Intralaminar subnetwork, 10533 Intact long-term potentiation, 11263 Internal desynchronization, 2597 Intralaminar thalamic nucleus, 3302 Intake, food, 1503, 8302, 15195 Internalization, 2754, 3206 Intranasal insulin, 6734 ␤ Integration of dopamine D2 receptor, 14752 Intraneuron amyloid , 9704 dorsal-ventral, 5336 transthyretin, 3220 Intraparietal area early, pathway for, 4548 Internal mediation, 10890 anterior, 6436, 10613, 12031 in motion processing, 7315 Interneuron, 70, 381, 550, 563, 939, 2510, 2563 lateral (See Lateral intraparietal) multimodal, 10499 ␥-aminobutyric acidergic (See ␥-Aminobutyric acidergic inter- macaque, 10613, 12031 multisensory, 4897, 6580, 8419, 10950, 13097 neuron) ventral, 5793 nonlinear, 13097 cerebellar, 9281 Intraparietal cortex, lateral, 7278 perceptual, 8483 cerebellar ␥-aminobutyric acidergic, 7079 Intraparietal sulcus, medial, 2961 prefrontal, 11020 cholecystokinin, 4140 Intra-prefrontal cortex infusion, 3715 sensorimotor, 1140 cortical ␥-aminobutyric acidergic, 9380 Intrasynaptic arrangement, 12896 of shape, 7315 cortical fast-spiking, 7040 Intrinsically photosensitive ganglion cell, 476 somatodendritic, 8991 corticospinal, 8816 Intrinsic cellular mechanism, 4945 sound, 10950 dendrite-targeting, 9563 Intrinsic connectivity network, 8586 temporal, 5716 ERBB4 in, 12255 Intrinsic excitability, 5389 unisensory, 4897 fast-spiking, 13883 Intrinsic neuron excitability, 11098 ␣9 Integrin, 5546 fast-spiking ␥-aminobutyric acidergic neocortical, 7040 Intrinsic neuron oscillator, 15888 Integrin, regulation of, 12506 hilar somatostatin, 14247 Intrinsic neuron physiology, 9761 Integrin activity, 12506 hippocampal, 4658, 5605 Intrinsic plasticity, 206 Integrin ␤1 signaling, 6007 homeobox gene Hb9, 11601 Intrinsic spiking, 6982 Integrin-contactin complex, 9174 inhibitory, 11112 In utero exposure to cocaine, 12664 Intensive practice, 12653 local, 716 In utero ribonucleic acid interference, 313 Intention, motor, 1998 mechanics of, 11495 Invariant object recognition, 2575 Interacting protein migration of, 7114 Invertebrate, 2225, 2626 Bcl-2 19 kDa, 4189 neocortical (See Neocortical interneuron) In vitro hippocampal gamma oscillation, 13353 glutamate receptor-, 6308 olfactory bulb network and, 15245 In vitro hippocampal slice, 12167 tetratricopeptide-repeat containing Rab8b, 6250 parvalbumin, 4140, 10695 In vitro neuritic dystrophy, 10627 Interaction perisomatic-targeting, 4140 In vitro synaptic plasticity, 6840 ␥-aminobutyric acidergic-glutamatergic, 2695 putative, 5516 In vivo amperometry, 620 axon-glia, 630 pyramidal, 5516 In vivo axon projection, 6526 competitive, 15780 somatodendritic integration in, 8991 In vivo cerebellum, 5738 cooperative, 15780 somatostatin, 14247 In vivo cortical neuron, 15317 corticocortical, 7230 somatostatin-positive, 13883 In vivo dopaminergic neuron, 5170 corticostriatal, 12831 spinal, 13566, 15642 In vivo imaging, 86 corticotropin-releasing factor/serotonin brain system, 13743 striatal cholinergic, 8396 In vivo multilineage cell, 7256 dopamine-glutamate, 2948 striatal fast-spiking, 5276 In vivo neocortical network, 9011 dynamin-syndapin, 7706 target, 8816 In vivo neuritic dystrophy, 10627 excitatory, mediation of, 4953 V2a, 7098 In vivo neuron, 4519 extinction-reconsolidation, 13432 widely branching, 8595 In vivo neuron migration, 3404 functional, 4592, 14299 Interneuron axon, spinal, 12145 In vivo potassium channel, 13328 GDNF/NCAM, 11360 Interneuron development, 15039 In vivo potentiation, 10410 glia-neuron, 9292 Interneuron excitability, fast-spiking, 12412 In vivo quantification, 14663 hand-object, 1928, 4381 Interoception In vivo retinal neuron, 5536 Subject Index J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): •25

In vivo rostral migratory stream, 8704 Kainate, 939 L In vivo spine density, 10405 Kainate autoreceptor, 5713 In vivo synapse, 3974 Kainate receptor, 5000 L1, 6677 In vivo visualization, 8051 amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid/, 13274 Lactate release, 11698 In vivo voltammetry, 1735 Gluk3-containing, 15499 Lactation, 1743 In vivo whole-cell recording, 13030 presynaptic, 11294 LAMA2, 11794 In vivo Xenopus tadpole, 5032 Kainic acid, 563, 1457, 3660 Laminar cell fate, 13710 Involuntary movement, abnormal, 4829 Kalirin-7, 5365 Laminar fate, 7079 Inward current, persistent, 2748 KCC. See Potassium-chloride cotransporter Laminar local field potential, 11540 Inwardly rectifying potassium channel, G-protein, 11237 Kcc2, 14652 Laminar topography, 7111 Inwardly rectifying potassium Kir4.1, 7474 Kcnc1, 15735 Lamination, cortical, 288 Ion. See specific ion by name Kcnc3-null mouse, 15735 Laminin, 11794 Ion channel, 1626 KCNH3, 14637 Laminin-1, 12393 calcium (See Calcium ion) Kcnj9, 11662 Laminin-2, 3908 hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated, 5841 KCNJ10, 1212 Lamprey, 1140, 13283 ligand-gated, 11441 KCNQ1, 1212 Language, 1699 potassium (See Potassium ion) KCNQ4, 1212 Language lateralization prediction, 13516 voltage-gated (See Voltage-gated) KCNQ4 retention, 3103 Language perception, 9271 Ionotropic glutamate receptor, 6767, 12896 KCNQ channel, 13353 Lapsing attention, 8604 Large-conductance calcium ion and voltage-activated potassium IP3. See Inositol triphosphate Ketamine, 2774 IPS. See Intraparietal sulcus KIF5B, 13019 channel, 8321 IPSC. See Inhibitory postsynaptic current Killing, retrograde-directed cell, 14790 Large dense-core vesicle, 23, 1457 Large-range inhibition, 14143 Ipsilateral arm movement, 12948 Kinase, 1496 Large-scale synchronized firing, 5022 Ipsilateral motor map, 6196 CaMK (See Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase) Larval brain, Drosophila, 8312 Ipsilateral retinal projection, and Ephrin B1, 3463 Cdk (See Cyclin-dependent kinase) Larval clock, 8312 IRBP. See Interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein downstream of receptor, 2611 Larval neuromuscular junction, 414 IRF. See Interferon regulatory factor extracellular (See Extracellular signal-regulated) Larval zebrafish, 13566 Iron, 610 focal adhesion, 6649, 8129 Laryngeal motor cortex, 14912 Irrelevent information, 3059 membrane-associated guanylate, 669 Laser-scanning photostimulation, 7413 IRSp53, 1586 mitogen-activated (See Mitogen-activated) Late development, 12558 Ischemia. See Injury/Ischemia p90 ribosomal S6, 466 Late-lineage oligodendrocyte precursor, 11172 Ischemic oxidative damage, estrogen and, 13823 PI (See Phosphatidylinositol 3) Latent period, 2103 Ischemic terminal, fate of, 3974 protein (See Protein kinase) Isoflurane anesthesia, 9850 Late-phase neuron maturation, 9875 Rho, p53 interaction with, 5183 Isoform Lateral gain control, 6358 Src-family, 3404, 5690 alternatively spliced, 6250 Lateral geniculate nucleus, 1784 tyrosine (See Tyrosine kinase) apolipoprotein E, 6771 development of, 13672 Kinase activation, 5758 functional, 12332 macaque, 8996 Kinase activity, 7607 hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation primate, 5009 Kinase-dead knock-in mouse, 7607 channel, 8847 Lateral geniculate nucleus receptive field, 11409 Kinesin-1 transport, 5758 regulation and, 4332 Lateral habenula, 493 Kinesin-II, heterotrimeric, 14287 65 kDa, 15713 Lateral intraparietal area, 5671, 5793, 11182, 14160 Isoform-dependent effect, 6771 Kinesthetic image, 8483 Lateral intraparietal cortex, 7278 Isoform-dependent mechanism, 3603 Kinetics, 11867 Laterality, retinogeniculate axon, 14855 Isoform-specific mutant, 10920 fast, 11246 Lateralization, 61, 2252 Isolation, social, early-life, 9955 heterogeneous, 9625 hemispheric, 14912 Isoluminant color, 12159 transmission, 6320 language, 13516 Isomerase, 13850, 14869 Kir. See Inwardly rectifying potassium Lateral nucleus, of the amygdala, 9700 Isozyme, sodium/potassium-ATPase, 13662 Kiss1, 9390 Lateral parietal area, monkey, 8166 Itching, 6691 Kisspeptin, 11859 Lateral positioning, 8914 ITD. See Interaural time difference Kisspeptin antagonist, 3920 Lateral prefrontal cortex, 3259, 6033, 8114 Klf-9. See Kru¨ppel-like factor 9 Lateral sulcus, 12009 Knockdown, 1343, 3508 J Lateral thalamic nucleus, 3302 Knock-in mouse, kinase-dead, 7607 ␣-Latrotoxin, 8639 jcBNST. See Juxtacapsular bed nucleus of the stria terminalis Knock-out, 2297 Layer 2/3 pyramidal neuron, motor-frontal, 12440 Jitter, 10989 ␤arr-2, 3322 Layer 4, thalamus and, 15479 JNK. See c-Jun N-terminal kinase conditional (See Conditional knock-out) Layer 4 neuron, 4930 Joint, thorax-coxa, 2972 engrailed, 7181 Layer 4 visual cortex, 15286 Joint coupling, 191 prion protein, 15445 Layer 5 neocortical pyramidal neuron, 11263 Joint poststimulus time histogram, 2384 Knock-out model, 13094 Layer 5 pyramidal cell axon, 11441 JPSTH. See Joint poststimulus time histogram Knock-out mouse, 1087, 1319, 1580, 1599, 2272, 2676, 3014, 3220 Layer 5 pyramidal neuron, 11891 Junction 5-HTT, 15575 Layer III, 973 Drosophila neuromuscular, 5628, 8539 conditional (See Conditional knock-out) Layer II/III, 10094 gap, 1235, 2009, 5051, 5276, 6266 leucine-rich repeat kinase 2, 15846 Layering, 6266, 8335 larval neuromuscular, 414 nicastrin conditional, 7290 LC8 dynein light chain, 9429 neuromuscular (See Neuromuscular junction) Pax6, 8335 Leaflet, inner, 12292 septate, 3103 prestin, 12000 Leak potassium channel, 2528 spatial organization of, 6266 X-11, 5884 Learning,414,696,930,1244,1538,1586,2477,2611,7607,9918. synaptic, 6266 Knock-out mouse model, 14423 See also Memory temporal parietal, 3182, 8630 Knowledge, action, 4922 activity-dependent, 6514 Juxtacapsular bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, 5389 KO. See Knock-out of adaptation, 6472 KOR. See ␬-Opioid receptor associative, 15386 K Krabbe disease. See Globoid cell leukodystrophy attachment, 15745 Kru¨ppel-like factor 9, 9875 auditory cortex and, 15898 KA. See Kainate Kunitz serine proteinase inhibitor, 5666 aversive, 5726, 10287, 15205 Kai1/CD82, 11172 Kv. See Voltage-gated potassium bias during, 14891 26 • J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): Subject Index

bimanual skill, 8419 Leukodystrophy, globoid cell, 6068 of scaffolding protein, 4274 cortical-dependent, 7424 Lewisx, 6677 subunit-specific, 4274 corticostriatal interaction and, 12831 Lewy body, ␣-synuclein and, 13578 Localized deletion, 4218 developmental song, 12878 LFP. See Local field potential Locally synthesized 17␤-estradiol, 10779 emotional, 10785 LGN. See Lateral geniculate nucleus Local range inhibition, 14143 from error, 7158 LH. See Luteinizing hormone Local spindle oscillation, 9563 excitability and, 4750 Liberation of fractalkine, 6945 Local translation, 10184 fear, 10131 Licking, 13952 Location hippocampal dentate granule cell and, 13532 Lifespan, 1948 auditory, 13074 hippocampal-dependent, 3109 Ligand, 11912 preferred retinal, 2768 impaired, 4681 apoptosis, 14790 sound source, 14127 inhibitory, 3676 functional, 6348 Locomotion, 1163, 1446, 2748, 2972. See also Motion instrumental, 7191 Nogo receptor, 6285 fictive, 11601 modulation and, 15675 recombinant T-cell receptor, 3816 and gait, 7098 modulation of, 5597, 10131 Ligand-gated ion channel, 11441 modulation of, 5681, 10387 ␣ ␦ motor (See Motor learning) Ligand pregabalin, 2 , 4076 speed of, 7098 motor cortex and, 5597 Light, 1670, 4911 in zebrafish, 10387 motor sequence, 15115 Light-aversive behavior, 8798 Locomotor activity, 4155, 13283 motor task, 13952 Light chain LC8, dynein, 9429 Locomotor circuitry, left-right alternating, 15642 nerve growth factor and, 10883 Light information, polarized, 11783 Locus, quantitative trait, 11662 object, 13621 Light response, ON/OFF, 9186 Locus ceruleus corticotropin-releasing hormone, 15745 olfactory, 414, 1573 Light-sensitive retinal degeneration, 15145 Locus ceruleus neuron, pathophysiology of, 12187 perceptual, 2136, 3981, 13621 Light signaling, 1152 Locust, 3897, 8225 perceptual sequence, 15115 Limb, impaired, 8187 Locust central complex, 4911, 11783 probability, 454 Limbic guidance, 10563 Longitudinal dopaminergic diencephalospinal axon, 8914 procedural, 436 Limbic seizure, 13006 Long-lasting working memory, 9396 rate of, 15104 Limbic system, 696 Long-term axon maintenance, 7667 reinforcement, 7278, 7591, 13524 Limbic white matter, frontal-, 6229 Long-term change, 5784 reversal, 3695, 4690, 14271 Limb motoneuron, upper, 4993 Long-term cognitive deficit, sepsis-induced, 14177 saccadic motor, 15213 Limb trajectory selection, 5690 Long-term depression, 1375, 8633 song, 12878 Lim-homeobox transcription factor, 11377 endocannabinoid-mediated, 4131 spatial, 1805, 10512 Lin7c, 11426 metaplastic regulation of, 8764 spike timing-dependent plasticity-based, 13484 Lineage analysis, Drosophila, 6904 Long-term facilitation, 4903, 9553 and stress, 4293 Lineage commitment, 5365 Long-term memory, 508, 1052, 5726, 13079 striatum-dependent, 12115 Lineage progenitor, Emx1, 15933 fen-1 and, 5726 taste, 7424 Linear estimation, 13785 formation of, 5726, 10335 thalamic motor, 13389 Linear response, 1006 Long-term modification, 12653 verbal, 3792 Linguistic auditory direction signal, 6490 Long-term pause, 6625 visual, 3792, 14026 LIP. See Lateral intraparietal area Long-term plasticity, 5326 vocal, 4782 Lipase, lipoprotein, 4681 Long-term potentiation, 381, 1017, 1496, 1586, 3395, 6840, 7607, Learning competence, 4542 Lipid deposition, peripheral, 5916 10779, 10883, 12167 Learning cue, 15205 Lipid raft, 3590 activity pattern-dependent, 5587 Learning signal, 5266 Lipoamino acid, endogenous, 13106 associative, 3233 Learning strategy, 6472 Lipocalin 2, 234 hippocampal, 5587, 9344 Left parietal lobe, 12568 Lipoic acid modulation, 9500 intact, 11263 Left-right alternating locomotor circuitry, 15642 Lipopolysaccharide, 1404, 9839 of intrinsic excitability, 5389 Left-right sound source discrimination, 3431 Lipoprotein lipase, 4681 metaplastic regulation of, 8764

Leg motoneuron, 6904 Lipoxin, LXA4, 3875 in neocortex, 5587 Leg posture, unloaded, 4109 5-Lipoxygenase, 3875 pathway-specific, 13649 Leg swing, 4109 Lis1, 15520 prefrontal, 14086 Lemniscal pathway, 4089 Live animal brain, 3508 presynaptic, 10974 Leptin, 5240, 11582 Live cell imaging, 3328 protein synthesis-dependent, 5605 Leptin action, mediation of, 5240 Live neuron, 6794 stimulation-induced, 15836 Leptin receptor, 3138 Lmx. See Lim-homeobox transcription factor transcription-dependent, 5605 Leptin signaling, 14828 Lmx1a, 11377 translation-dependent, 5605 Leptin target, 14828 Lmx1b, 11377 Long-term recognition memory, perirhinal, 9534 Lesion, 2188, 3160, 3302 Lobe. See Antennal lobe; Frontal lobe; Medial temporal lobe; Pari- Long-term synaptic change, 9700 brain, 2684 etal lobe; Temporal lobe Long-term synaptic plasticity, 4131, 6840 central pattern generator, 13115 Lobule, superior parietal, 1928, 11461 Long-term visual deprivation, 13691 cerebellar, 15126 Local dendritic translocation, 12636 Lorazepam, 12617 cortical, 6917 Local field potential, 3067, 11540, 13613, 13702, 13837, 15299 Loss of function, 2845 excitotoxic, 6033 alteration in, 5354 in oligodendrocyte, 4736 192 IgG-saporin, 4120 evoked response, 5354 in Schwann cell, 4736 immune-mediated, reactivation of, 4820 laminar, 11540 Low frequency stimulation, 15308 neurotoxic, 2794 linear estimation of, 13785 Low-level auditory cortex, 6078 olfactory system and, 12059 movement control and, 14363 Lpin1, 12089 restricted basilar papillar, 6871 visual cortex and, 11540 LPL. See Lipoprotein lipase thalamic, 12059 Local field potential activity, multisite, 5354 LPS. See Lipopolysaccharide of ventromedial prefrontal cortex, 4871 Local field potential oscillation, 5354 LRRK. See Leucine-rich repeat kinase visual cortex, 6917 Local interneuron, 716 LTD. See Long-term depression Lesion repair, 6722 Localization, 2064 LTP. See Long-term potentiation Leucine, 8302 of fatty acid amide hydrolase, 3766 L-type calcium channel, 15660 Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2, 9210, 11257, 13971, 15846 N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, 4274 L-type voltage-gated calcium channel, 9534 Leukemia inhibitory factor, 14334 mitochondrial, 8539 Luteinizing hormone secretion, fasting and, 5240 Leukocyte, 11511 pathway-specific, 4274 LX. See Lipoxin Leukocyte cell adhesion molecule, activated, 15630 receptor, 8198 Lymnaea, 2167 Subject Index J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): •27

B Lymphocyte stimulator, 6348 inhibition of, 8259 MDD. See Major depressive disorder Lynx1-like prototoxin, endogenous, 14847 Mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, 6860, 6964, 7424 MDMA. See Methylenedioxymethamphetamine Lysine 257, 15134 Mammillary afferent, 7815 Meal initiation, 7015 Lysosomal sialic acid, 15355 Manduca ephrin, 3404 Mean-variance model, 7945 Lysosome, 951 MANF. See Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor Mechanical hyperalgesia, 6217 Manganese superoxide dismutase, 7003 Mechanics/Mechanism, 2774, 3322 M Manipulation, 3930 adaptation, 2626, 5009 brain circuit, 8621 androgen receptor, 12484 M1 excitability, 8897 chemical, 12079 attentional control, 11641 M1 receptor, 9888 of information, 14980 axon damage, 10272 M2-M3 region, 3189 proprioceptive, 3897 behavioral, 5370 Macaque, 1034, 1998. See also Monkey; Primate MAP. See Mitogen-activated protein biomechanics, 12807 Macaque anterior intraparietal area, 6436, 10613, 12031 MAPK. See Mitogen-activated protein kinase brain, 14924 Macaque brain, 5897 Map/Mapping calcium ion-dependent, 11495 Macaque frontal eye field, 10683 of barbituate withdrawal, 11662 cellular, 4945, 15531 Macaque hippocampus, 12521 cortical map plasticity, 5992 chemoprotective, 3538 Macaque visual cortex, 7031, 8936, 11283, 11753, 13702, 15780 dendrite, 6406 for chemotaxis, 5370 Machinery, synaptic fusion, 8639 fate, 7256 cholergic, 5992 mAChR. See Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor genetic, 2867 compensatory, 13094 Macrocephaly, 1773 interaural cortical, 7065 damage, 10272 Macromolecular organization, postsynaptic, 10869 ipsilateral motor, 6196 directional selectivity, 13030 Macrophage mediolateral retinotopic, 15630 domain, 8675 axon regeneration and, 3956 realignment of, 7065 environmental, 13255 bone marrow-derived, 3603 representational, 3738 estrogen receptor, 12484 neurotoxocity and, 13435 retinotopic, 13981, 15630 Fyn regulatory, 11794 regeneration and, 13435 visual field, 5749, 7031 interneuron, 11495 Macrophage-mediated axon dieback, 9967 Marginal utility, 9575 intrinsic cellular, 4945 Macrophage-mediated degradation, 3603 Marginal zone, 1300 isoform-dependent, 3603 Macropinocytosis, 4252, 10488 Marmoset, 2553 mitochondrial, 14057 Macroscopic scale, 8871 Masculinization, brain, 13274 molecular, 9500 Macular degeneration, 2768 Masking, 2553 network, 15029 MAG. See Myelin-associated glycoprotein Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor, 8612 neural, of body representation, 4162 Magnesium ion, extracellular, 2774 Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor D, 13202 neuron, of motor sequence, 4369 Magnetic resonance imaging, 2205, 2805 Mass, center of, 191 neuropathic pain, 11161 comparative, 14607 Massage, brain development and, 6042 non-cell-autonomous, 5536 deoxyribonucleic acid-based, 10663 Massed training, 10281 nongenomic, 14136 functional (See Functional magnetic resonance imaging) Match enhancement, 131 pain, 11161 structural, 11772 Match-to-sample, delayed, 11880 passive, 2768 Magnetic resonance imaging reversal, diffusion-weighted, 3508 Maternal behavior, 1312, 6042 pH-dependent, 11495 Magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 5202, 5319 Mathematics processing, 4652 physoilogical, 3920 Magnetic stimulation, transcranial, 7679, 11134 Mating, 7658 postsynaptic, 9127 Magnification, of primary visual cortex, 5749 Matrix, 6276, 7731 presynaptic, 268 Magnitude, unconditioned stimulus, 9644 Matrix metalloproteinase, 4605 primary axon damage, 10272 Magnocellularis, nucleus basalis, 4120 MMP-9, 3508, 6007 rapid on-line error correction, 3485 Magnocellular neuron, 393 Maturation, 811, 2938 signaling, 5873 MAGUK. See Membrane-associated guanylate kinase of activation, 12558 spatially segregated, 14472 Main immunogenic region, 13898 activity-dependent, 11294 supramodal, 8675 Maintained discharge, 2467 ␥-aminobutyric acidergic synapse, 11650 of synapse regulation, 5425 Maintenance brain, 11772 synaptic, 10387 axon, 7667, 11594 electrophysiological, 7040 of tactile information transmission, 11686 of dendritic spine, 8129 of excitatory synapse, 8288 for task switching, 5135 long-term axon, 7667 of hippocampal dentate granule cell, 13532 transciptional, 11139 memory, 15258 of inhibition, 6514 trigeminal neuropathic pain, 11161 of midbrain dopamine neuron, 15923 late-phase neuron, 9875 use-dependent, 2768 neural progenitor cell, 7404 of midbrain dopamine neuron, 15923 winner-take-all, 7497 neuron phenotype, 3852 neuron, 9875, 15155 Mechanoreceptor, 2695 of persistent pain, 5508 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor conformation, 13898 fingernail, 9370 stem cell, 6142 regulation of, 7966 slowly adapting, 9370 vertebrate axon, 11594 stepwise, 11426 spider, 10989 working memory, 15258 synapse, 8039 Mechanosensation, 3103 Major depressive disorder, 9072 synaptic network, 3419 Mechanotransduction, 4023, 4808 Male behavior, 4461 thalamocortical oscillation and, 8847 MeCP2. See Methyl-CpG binding protein 2 sexual, in female mouse, 7658 transcriptional, 7040 Mecp2, 5051, 9941 Male mouse, 15575 of visual function, 6042 Medial cortical area, 14463 Malignant glioma, 4189 Mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor, 12412 Medial entorhinal cortex, 973 MAM. See Methylazoxymethanol acetate Mature nervous system, 3852 Medial entorhinal neuron, 7625 Mammalian axon, cortical, 4697 Mauthner cell, 2762 Medial frontal cortex, 6926, 12183 Mammalian brain, 4312, 7649 Mauthner spike, 3431 Medial geniculate nucleus, 13672 Mammalian cochlear hair cell, 15277 Mauthner system, 3431 Medial habenula, 493 Mammalian forebrain, 12484 Maze, water, 1977 Medial intraparietal sulcus, 2961 Mammalian molecular clockwork, 6114 MBP. See Myelin basic protein Medial nucleus of the trapezoid body, 9510 Mammalian retina, 6266, 12332 MCAO. See Middle cerebral artery occlusion Medial occipitotemporal stroke, 5854 Mammalian rod photoreceptor, 11867 MCH. See Melanin-concentrating hormone Medial orbitofrontal cortex, 1395 Mammalian target of rapamycin, 5926 M-cone. See Middle-wavelength sensitive cone Medial prefrontal cortex, 402, 4836, 6167 activation of, 6367 Mct8, 9439 basolateral amygdala and, 14299 epileptogenesis and, 6964, 12372 mDA. See Mesodiencephalic dopaminergic neuron cocaine and, 12664 28 • J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): Subject Index

extinction and, 10802 Membrane anchor, proline-rich, 4519 glucocorticoid effect on, 14299 inhibition of, 7330 Membrane-associated guanylate kinase, 669, 4274, 7929 sleep and, 5143 secondary hyperalgesia and, 11424 Membrane cholesterol, 4640, 9665 Memory cue, 2742 ventral, 7631 Membrane conductance, 973 Memory dysfunction, 14741 Medial prefrontal cortical neuron, 7526, 14271 Membrane-delimited coupling, 10000 Memory formation, 1496, 8206, 10111, 12521, 12824 Medial prefrontal dopaminergic innervation, 6599 Membrane expansion, 13292 long-term, 5726, 10335 Medial septum, 898, 8094, 15375 Membrane fusion, 883 Memory function, 5640, 9219 Medial septum neuron, 8094 Membrane homeostasis regulation, 8858 Memory impairment, 4681 Medial striatum, 3148 Membrane microdomain, 6068 cannabinoid and, 12597 Medial superior temporal area, 8936 Membrane plasticity, 5820 progressive, 7290 Medial temporal lobe, 131, 3475, 11880 Membrane potential, 1719, 2938, 6897, 7833 Memory maintenance, 15258 Medial temporal lobe amnesia, 10900 Membrane potential in situ, 9197 Memory performance, 3059 Medial vestibular nucleus, rat, 10779 Membrane potential oscillation, 10025 Memory representation, 7432, 10335 Mediated transcription, 4218 Membrane properties, 5616 Memory retrieval, 10287 Mediation Membrane protein, synaptic, 2926 remote, 4871 of adaptive decision, 11020 Membrane protein trafficking, 14287 true/false, 8698 by amyloid precursor protein, 14451 Membrane resonance, 6427 Memory strategy coding, 7208 of amyloid precursor protein signaling, 15703 Membrane trafficking, 8539 Memory suppression, voluntary, 2742 of anxiety, 10357 Membrane viscosity, 2926 Meninges, 7694 of axon projection, 5525 Memory, 38, 414, 508, 696, 930, 1267, 1381, 1586, 1977, 2477, Meninges signaling, 7694 of calcitonin gene-related peptide release, 4981 2611, 2676, 10883, 12711. See also Learning Menopausal monkey, 10362 of calcium release, 9458 activity and, 14463 Mental retardation, Fragile X. See Fragile X in cerebral cortex, 10038 aging and, 10835 Mental training, 13418 of disinhibition, 7220 Alzheimer’s disease and, 8075 Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor, 9651 endocannabinoid and, 7220 attentional capture and, 8726 Mesencephalon-enriched gene, ventral, 5170 of epileptogenesis, 6964 autobiographical, 3073 Mesenchymal stem cell, 14932 of excitability, 9977 aversive, 12244 Mesodiencephalic dopaminergic neuron, 5170 of excitatory interaction, 4953 biology of, 12748 Mesolimbic neuron, 14764 of fear, 10357 conditioned aversive, 4056 Mesolimbic reward system, 4882 of hypothermia, 6973 contextual fear, 7379, 15713 Mesopontine microinjection, 7053 of inhibition, 7330 corticostriatal interaction and, 12831 Messenger, 9344 internal, 10890 cued fear, 15713 Messenger ribonucleic acid, 4697, 10184 of leptin action, 5240 declarative, 1052 Messenger ribonucleic acid translation, 8688, 13630 microglial, 4252 emotional, 4836, 5143 Messenger second, 12717 by mitochondria, 9244 enhancement of, 8114 Meta-analytic modeling, coordinate-based, 14496 of neuron excitability, 9977 episodic, 3073, 3475, 10900 Metabolic activity, brain glucose, 9961 of neuroprotection, 8828 extinction, 9644 Metabolic-sensing leptin receptor, 3138 of osmotic modulation, 11098 extinction of, 3676, 4056 Metabolism, 1267, 1424, 14770 pathway, 8248 familiarity, 14987 Metabolite, adenosine triphosphate, 14713 proteolysis, 10350 fear, 6053, 9700 Metabotropic activity, 2890 by ␥-protocadherin, 11723 fen-1 and, 5726 Metabotropic glutamate receptor, 1414, 1887, 13274 spine alteration, 14439 food, 10287 group I, 3497, 3590, 11943 of stress-induced deficit, 4293 forebrain and, 10835 group II, 11807 of survival of motoneuron protein, 7633 hippocampal dentate granule cell and, 13532 mGluR1, 5605, 9668 by sympathetic nervous system, 5916 hippocampal-dependent, 3109 mGluR5, 3676, 8655, 9582, 10000 synaptic, 12845 intranasal insulin and, 6734 mGluR5a, 13603 of synaptic transmission, 6088, 10416 long-lasting working, 9396 mGluR6, 9301 syntaphilin, 9429 long-term (See Long-term memory) postsynaptic, 11807 transient receptor potential and, 6217 motor, 10396 Metabotropic glutamate receptor activation, 9281 of upregulation, 4200 novelty and, 8114 Metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated neuron excitability, by Wnt5a, 7569 perirhinal cortex and, 8329 9977 Mediobasal hypothalamic leucine, 8302 perirhinal long-term recognition, 9534 Metabotropic signaling, 2890 Mediolateral retinotopic map, 15630 pitch, 13338 Metallic taste, 2654 Medium spiny neuron, 2496, 4953, 7776 recent, 8206 Metalloproteinase, 4605, 14956 Medulla, 828 recognition, 1224, 8329, 9534, 11347 Metamorphosis, 1163 Medullary circuitry, 9361 relational, 131 Metaphoric auditory direction signal, 6490 Medullary dorsal horn, 11161 remote, 8206 Metaplastic regulation, 8764 Medullary dorsal horn neuron, morphine and, 15828 remote emotional, 5143 Methamphetamine, 1887, 14734 Medullary homeostasis, 3613 remote spatial, 3302 Methylazoxymethanol acetate, 2344 mef2d, 6700 restoration of, 3395 Methyl-CpG binding protein 2, 4218, 5051, 11263 Megalin, 3220 schizophrenia and, 11347 deficiency in, 12440 Melanin-concentrating, hormone, 15195 selective attention and, 8270 function of, 9941 Melanin-concentrating hormone neuron, 15195 semantic, 3073 N-Methyl-D-aspartate, 263 Melanopsin, 476, 12332 short-term, 7432, 8032 N-Methyl-D-aspartate antagonist pretreatment, 6917 Melanosome transport, 15810 social, 2676 N-Methyl-D-aspartate channel, 2371 Melastatin-related transient receptor potential channel 1, 11720 source, 508 N-Methyl-D-aspartate-induced neuron death, 5536 Melatonin, 2885 spatial, 3676, 5402, 10835 N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor, 483, 669, 1469, 2404, 2774, 2948, Melatonin receptor, 2885 spatial working, 4690 3109, 3206, 3288, 10928, 14383, 15331 Memantine, 2774 stress, 4293, 10111 activated, 6819 Membership, racial group, 8525 taste, 9219 activation of, 4442, 14581 Membrane visual salience and, 8016 control of, 12045 axon, 5062 visual short-term, 7432, 8032 extrasynaptic, 9330 plasma, 4794, 12292, 13315 visual working, 5494 GluN2B, 10869 postsynaptic, 2926 working (See Working memory) localization of, 4274 subsynaptic, 3749 Memory accuracy, 8329 neuron, 12702 tectorial, 1212 Memory consolidation, 8206, 9644 synaptic, 4442, 15551 Subject Index J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): •29

N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor expression, 6955 cortical neuron, 15520 multicompartment, 5573 N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor hypofunction, 8215 glioblastoma cell, 4605 multiple sclerosis, 10272, 15353 N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity, 3200 of neural progenitor, 8704 murine genetic, 3200 N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor mobility, 6007 neuron (See Neuron migration) myopathology and, 6132 N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor phosphorylation, 11965 oligodendrocyte, 6663, 10047, 15187 of Parkinson’s disease, 9651, 13543, 13578 N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit precursor, 11172 R6/2, 11550 GluR⑀2/NR2B, 10869 radial, 288 rat (See Rat model) N2A, 6607 restriction of neuron, 3404 of Rett syndrome, 11263, 12187 NR1–1a, 15613 in vivo neuron, 3404 rodent, 8259 NR2, 9026, 12045 Migratory stream, rostral, 2902 spiking neural circuit, 9059 NR2A/NR2B ratio, 8764 Millisecond level duration tuning, 9255 of spinal muscular atrophy, 7633 NR2B, 8764, 9219, 10869 Millisecond timescale disinhibition, 15420 of spinocerebellar ataxia 1, 13126 NR3A, 5260 Mineralocorticosteroid receptor, 2857 of temporal lobe epilepsy, 6964, 7846, 8259, 14247 N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor surface diffusion, 6007 Miniature excitatory synaptic activity, 13222 urgency-gating, 11560 N-Methyl-D-aspartate spike, 11891 miRNA. See Micro-ribonucleic acid viral, of multiple sclerosis, 10272, 15353 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 14050 dMIRO. See Drosophila Miro yeast artificial chromsome, 10928 Methylphenidate, oral, 4690 Mirror neuron, 10153 Modification Methyl-phenyl-tetrahydropyridine, 7797, 15846 Mirror system, and blindness, 9719 cell variability, 15053 Methylprednisolone, 2022 Mislocalization, 11055 dynamic, 10221 MFC. See Medial frontal cortex Mismatch enhancement, 131 long-term, 12653 Mg. See Magnesium Mismatch negativity, 454 posttranslational, 15134 mGluR. See Metabotropic glutamate receptor Missense mutation, 10843 Modifier of cell adhesion, 118 Mice. See Mouse Mitochondria, 159, 1105, 1707, 2588 Modular control, 191 Microband, 10463 dynamic brain-cell signaling and, 9002 Modular neural oscillator, 9351 Microbial rhodopsin, multiple, 9186 hydrogen peroxide and, 9002 Modulator-activated current, 12355 Microcircuit, 13454, 15479 mediation by, 9244 Modulator/Modulation, 2125, 10264. See also Neuromodulator/ Microdialysis, 871, 987, 1897 Mitochondrial axon transport, 5443 Neuromodulation Microdomain, membrane, 6068 Mitochondrial calcium ion cycling, 12101 agonist potency, 4287 Microelectrode, carbon-fiber, 1735 Mitochondrial cholesterol, 6394 allosteric, 8734 Microfluidic chamber, novel, 4697 Mitochondrial docking, syntaphilin-mediated, 9429 ␣-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid re- Microglia, 3, 753, 3518 Mitochondrial dysfunction, 9210 ceptor, 8688 activation of, 3781 Mitochondrial fission, 9090 anticipation and, 10671 proliferation of, 3781 Mitochondrial fusion, 9090 of anticipatory alpha rhythm, 5863 resting, 3974 Mitochondrial localization, 8539 of auditory process, 5949 Microglia cathepsin S, 6945 Mitochondrial matrix, 6276 of axon arborization, 11065 Microglial activation, fibrillar amyloid ␤-stimulated, 11982 Mitochondrial mechanism, 14057 baroreceptor signal transmission, 11807 Microglial mediation, 4252 Mitochondrial movement, 5443 behavior, 3109, 10221 Microinjection, 871, 7053 Mitochondrial permeability transition, 4420 blood oxygen level-dependent, 10671 Micro-ribonucleic acid-128a, 2151 Mitogen-activated and stress-activated protein kinase 1, 2393 of cerebellar excitability, 9115 Micro-ribonucleic acid-326, 15161 Mitogen-activated protein kinase, 466 by chloride, 9635 Micro-ribonucleic acid silencing, 1904 p38, 3518, 14741 cholergic, 9888 Micro-RNA. See Micro-ribonucleic acid Mitral cell, 2043 by conformational change, 9635 Microsaccade, 5793, 12321 Mitral cell dendrite, 7023 context-dependent, 7238 Microsaccadic rhythm, 9471 Mixed-strategy game, 7278 of contrast response function, 10683 Microscopy MK-801. See Dizocilpine of cortical activity, 7513 confocal, 1796 MMN. See Mismatch negativity of cortical neurotransmitter, 5202 electron, 1235, 1457 MMP. See Matrix metalloproteinase; Metalloproteinase corticosterone, 2857 fluorescence, 863, 1361, 3328 Mnemonic binding, 8270 differential, 4750, 4836, 5411, 8350, 8633, 8977, 10131 Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1, 1404 Mn-SOD. See Manganese superoxide dismutase dopamine, 5116, 8977 Microstimulation, 1915, 2136 MNTB. See Medial nucleus of the trapezoid body dynamic pain, 10264 electrical, 10683 Mobility, 7639 endogenous peripheral, 7246 intracortical, 6196, 15898 domain, 11912 ethanol as, 8408 Microstructure, fornix, 14987 N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, 6007 of excitability, 9115, 9888 Microtubule, 6593, 10995 Mobilization, of calcium, 6568 of fear learning, 10131 Microtubule-associated protein, phosphorylated, 12994 MOCA. See Modifier of cell adhesion frequency, 7833, 13030 Microtubule bundling, 14199 Modafinil, 2663 of functional connectivity, 7364 Microtubule disassembly, 6593 Model/Modeling gain, 9490 Microtubule stability, regulation of, 11628 of Alzheimer’s disease, 7957, 8805, 9321, 10144 of gene expression, 7389 Microvascular density, 14553 of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 15031 haloperidol and, 15675 Midbrain, 2252, 6001 animal, 1343 homeostatic, 5597 avian, 4131 compartmental, 1544, 12033 of hyperalgesia, 6167 innervation of, 3613 computational, 1077, 9255 of hypocretin/orexin neuron, 3705 rat, 5483 coordinate-based meta-analytic, 14496 of learning, 5597, 10131, 15675 Midbrain dopamine neuron, 15923 decision-making, 4301, 9861 lipoic acid, 9500 Midbrain dopaminergic axon, 4044 depression, 14, 7820 of locomotion, 5681, 10387 Midbrain dopaminergic neuron, 10410 Drosophila, 7148 of mechanotransduction, 4808 Midbrain neuron, 1657, 2780 of hereditary spastic paraplegia, 11594 of mitochondrial dysfunction, 9210 Midbrain pathway, 7220 homology, 3083 of motor behavior, 10221 Midbrain superior colliculus, 5701 htau, 10741 negative, 6296 Middle cerebral artery occlusion, 3875 of Huntington’s disease, 9104, 10371, 10928, 13589 of neuritogenesis, 12419 Middle temporal area, 5793, 12020, 14160 of injury/Ischemia, 12497 of neuron firing, 12532 Middle-wavelength sensitive cone, 2706 knock-out, 13094 nonhomeostatic, 5597 Midget ganglion cell, 4675 Lewy body, 13578 nonlinear, 3374 Migraine, light aversion and, 8798 mean-variance, 7945 norepinephrine, 4301 Migration, 1300, 2009, 2510 motor impairment, 6132 of oscillation, 10321 cell, 1093, 4605, 6663 mouse (See Mouse model) osmotic, 11098 30 • J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): Subject Index

pain, 2684, 10264 axon, 4312 Motor control task, 5476 paired associative stimulation-induced, 5597 ␦-catenin and, 5435 Motor coordination, 15735 of perineuron net, 12878 early neurite, 8946 Motor cortex, 426, 1719, 2648, 3132, 6196, 11134, 15053 peripheral, 7246 neural tube, 12506 differentiation and, 13255 of phase signaling, 8215 neuron, 13971 dynamics of, 12653 polarity-sensitive, 5202 regulation of, 5435, 8946 laryngeal, 14912 of polymerization, 11043 spine, 5435 learning and, 5597 positive allosteric, 8734 synapse, 5435 neuron clustering in, 13751 purinergic, 14713 Morphogenetic protein, bone. See Bone morphogenetic protein primary, 6926, 12675, 15115 reflex, 13255 Morphological glial subtype, 4768 sensory, 12210 reward-dependent, 3259 Morphology, 2706 Motor cortical neuron, 13870 selective, 4571 neuromuscular junction, 8539 Motor-frontal Layer 2/3 pyramidal neuron, 12440 sensory, 7246 neuron, 3529, 14108 Motor function, 11550, 13589 serotonergic, 10387 sensory cilium, 4065 Motor history, 6105 of sleep-to-wake transition, 10939 spine, 2876, 10144 Motor impairment, 6132 of sodium-activated potassium channel, 5127 Morphometry, 61, 9661 Motor intention, 1998 steroid, 8633 Mortality, 1977, 10341 Motor learning, 2477, 5266, 10750 stimulus-evoked, 10671 Mossy fiber, 250, 2938 saccadic, 15213 stretch reflex, 13255 hippocampal, 2637 thalamic, 13389 of synapse formation, 11065 unitary, 4239 Motor map, ipsilateral, 6196 of synchronization, 9471 Mossy fiber innervation, 4239 Motor memory, 10396 tripartite purinergic, 14713 Mossy fiber sprouting, rapamycin and, 8259 Motor nerve terminal, 15308 Modulatory hydrogen peroxide, 9002 Mossy fiber synapse, hippocampal, 5000, 5713, 8299 Motor network, 7364 Molecular clockwork, mammalian, 6114 Motility Motor neuron. See Motoneuron Molecular development, 5170 growth cone, p53 and, 5183 Motor noise, 12606 Molecular identity, 12343 neuron, 4512 Motor output, voluntary, 11708 Molecular imaging, 1544 radial glial, 14066 Motor pattern, 3343, 13945 Molecular mechanism, 9500 Motion. See also Locomotion; Movement Motor preparation, 11841 Molecular pathway, 2833 ego-, 14993 Motor representation, 9819 Molecular reconstruction, 13603 self-, 12020, 15601 Motor sequence, 4369 Molecular substrate, 7092 visual (See Visual motion) Motor sequence learning, 15115 Molecule Motion cue, 7315 Motor skill, simple, acquisition of, 5784 histocompatability complex class I, 13503 Motion-defined unfamiliar face, 5336 Motor task, 6472, 13952 inhibitory boundary, 9405 Motion/force task, 8784 Motor unit, 10820 repulsive guidance, 1126, 6649 Motion perception, 9072, 14381, 15126 Mouse, 328, 678, 1061, 1202. See also Rodent syntaxin, 12292 Motion processing, 7315 5-HTT knock-out, 15575 Mollusc, 268 Motion selectivity, pattern, 13702 amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1, 10706 Money gain/loss, 8839 Motivation, 436, 696, 1046, 4846 APdE9, 3453 Monitoring, 2569, 3974 Motoneuron, 842, 951, 1277 awake, 6734 Monkey, 591, 1915, 1928, 2794, 3738. See also Macaque; Primate abducens, 575 awake behaving, 13751 awake, 14463 cranial, 2322 bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic, 1615 cocaine-associated cue and, 11619 embryonic chick, 15232 blind, 9186 head-unrestrained, 7166 extensor, 2748 C57BL/6J, 871 rhesus, 3627, 11619 flexor, 2748 chimeric, 1319 surgically menopausal, 10362 fly neck, 13097 cis-only, 10695 tool use by, 11523 leg, 6904 conditional knock-out, 2581 vervet, 2867 limb, 4993 female, male sexual behavior in, 7658 Monkey cerebral cortex, 14223 neuromuscular junction and, 13503 glutamate A1 subunit, 5587 Monkey dorsal pontine nucleus, 6154 reticulomotoneuron connection, 4993 granulocyte-colony stimulating factor-deficient, 11572 Monkey inferotemporal cortex, 7788 sacral spinal cord, 15031 human immunodeficiency virus encephalitis, 3948 Monkey ipsilateral arm movement, 12948 siphon, 5100 IL-1 impaired, 3395 Monkey lateral parietal area, 8166 spinal, 11246 Kcnc3-null, 15735 Monkey parietal cortex, 9490, 13210 staircase current in, 5343 kinase-dead knock-in, 7607 Monkey prefrontal cortex, 5516 upper limb, 4993 knock-in (See Knock-in mouse) Monkey premotor cortex, 9490 Motoneuron activity, 11732 knock-out (See Knock-out mouse) Monkey saccadic eye movement, 5266 Motoneuron disease, 8236 lipoprotein lipase-deficient, 4681 Monkey spectrotemporal response, 9725 Motoneuron loss, postnatal, 13640 male, 15575 Monkey spinal cord injury, 12009 Motoneuron network, cerebellar-, 10750 mutant, 1615, 2845 Monoamine release, 3109 Motoneuron regeneration, 15073 newborn, 9930 Monoamine storage capacity, 8103 Motoneuron targeting, 6904 nicastrin conditional knock-out, 7290 Monocarboxylate transporter, 9439 Motoneuron transplantation, 11761 Nogo-deficient, 8649 Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, 4096 Motor, 436, 1915 novel transgenic, 4622 Monomer, amyloid ␤, 10582 Motor activity, rhythmic, 9351 Parkinson’s disease and, 12842 Monophosphate.SeeAdenosinemonophosphate-activatedprotein Motor adaptation, 13019 Pax6 knock-out, 8335 kinase; Cyclic adenosine monophosphate; Cyclic guanosine Motor area PDAPP transgenic, 6771 monophosphate presupplementary, 10171 postnatal, 2902 MOP receptor. See ␮-Opioid receptor supplementary, 1766 prestin knock-out, 12000 MOR. See ␮-Opioid receptor targeting of, 14223 presymptomatic 3xTg-AD, 9458 Morantel binding, 8734 Motor atonia, 9361 reticulon 3 transgenic, 5108 Morphine, 222, 2519 Motor axon, 5062, 5690 Swiss Webster, 3843 attenuated, 3551 Motor axon exit, 15187 transgenic (See Transgenic mouse) medullary dorsal horn neuron and, 15828 Motor behavior, 2915, 3026, 10221, 11134 X-11 knock-out, 5884 tolerance of, 5295 Motor circuit output, 12355 Mouse adult-born hippocampal neuron, 14484 withdrawal from, 12244 Motor control, 1834, 5476 Mouse anterodorsal thalamic nucleus, 7815 Morphogenesis biomechanics and, 12807 Mouse arcuate nucleus, 11859 auditory hair cell, 15859 in musician’s dystonia, 14627 Mouse calyx of Held synapse, 13770 Subject Index J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): •31

Mouse cone opsin, 12401 MSTd. See Medial superior temporal area Myelin, 630, 2312, 14663 Mouse dentate gyrus, 12412 MT. See Middle temporal area Myelin-associated glycoprotein, 630, 5768 Mouse embryonic stem cell, 5711 MTL. See Medial temporal lobe Myelinated axon, 8363 Mouse hypothalamus, 6989 MTMR2. See Myotubularin-related protein 2 Myelination, 1277, 1805 Mouse leg movement, 4109 mTOR. See Mammalian target of rapamycin central nervous system, 6860, 9174, 15355 Mouse model, 2193, 4218 M-type potassium ion current, 11098 defects of, 4736 of Alzheimer’s disease, 7957, 8805, 9321, 10144 Multicompartment model, 5573 oligodendrocyte, 11172 of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 15031 Multidimensional sensory domain, 9227 peripheral, regulation of, 4016 of hereditary spastic paraplegia, 11594 Multielectrode bundle, 2486 regulation of, 6860 htau, 10741 Multiforme, glioblastoma, 8884 Remak bundle, 11304 of Huntington’s disease, 9104, 10371, 10928, 13589 Multilineage cell, 7256 Schwann cell, 8858 knock-out, 14423 Multimodal integration, 10499 Myelin basic protein, 6663 myopathology in, 6132 Multimodal neuroimaging, 11347 Myelin basic protein binding, 4794 of Parkinson’s disease, 13543 Multiple microbial rhodopsin, 9186 Myelin inhibition, 5768 R6/2, 11550 Multiple sclerosis, 2805, 4820 Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antigen, 140 of Rett syndrome, 11263, 12187 viral model of, 10272, 15353 Myelin protein P0, peripheral, 6094 of spinal muscular atrophy, 7633 Multiplicative noise, 1006 Myelin proteolipid protein, 8363 of spinocerebellar ataxia 1, 13126 Multiquantal excitatory postsynaptic current, 7558 Myelin regeneration, brain-derived, 15694 of temporal lobe epilepsy, 14247 Multiquantal release, 7558 Myelin segment, 3908 transgenic, 6132 Multisensory binding, 12265 Myoclonus epilepsy, 5910, 10764 Ts1Cje, 5938 Multisensory congruency, 11641 Myopathology, in transgenic mouse model, 6132 Ts65Dn, 5938 Multisensory integration, 4897, 6580, 8419, 10950, 13097 Myosin, 550 yeast artificial chromsome, 10928 Multisensory neuron plasticity, 15910 Myosin II, 863 Mouse nucleus accumbens, 7820 Multisensory response, 9602, 11924 Myosin Va, 6625 Mouse odorant receptor SR1, 14545 Multisensory temporal processing, 12265 Myosin VIIa, 15810 Mouse olfactory bulb, 12070 Multisite local field potential activity, 5354 Myosin XVa, 4023 Mouse resistant to inhibitor of cholinesterase-3, 12625 Multitasking, 5640 Myositis, inclusion body, 6132 Mouse retina, 6932, 12865 Multivesicular release, 10974 Myotonic dystrophy 2, 9042 Mouse sensorimotor circuit, 5326 Munc13–1, 12584 Myotubularin-related protein 2, 8858 Mouse spinal cord, 11601 Murine brain, 9390 Mouse spinal cord injury, 13435 Murine cortex, 14553 N Mouse spinal motoneuron, 11246 Murine genetic model, 3200 Mouse taste bud, 13909 Murine polymodal nociceptor, cutaneous, 8612 Nacc. See Nucleus accumbens Mouse tau pathology, 7957 Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, 14942 nAChR. See Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

Mouse thalamus, 4484 M1, 14271 NAD. See Nicotinic adenine dinucleotide Movement Muscarinic receptor NADPH. See Nicotinic adenine dinucleotide phosphate

abnormal involuntary, 4829 M2, 15796 Naming, object, 15762 aimed scratching, 3897 in perirhinal cortex, 4346 Nanomedicine, 13761 arm, 12948 trace conditioning and, 4346 Nanos, 5558 body, 10499 Muscarinic receptor-induced afterdepolarization, 10038 Nasal airflow, 12070 direction of, 6353 Muscarinic signaling, 15796 Nash equilibrium, 1998 eye (See Eye movement) Muscle, 1915 Native neuron, 3322 finger, 3132 Muscle contraction, 4109, 13190 Natural auditory direction signal, 6490 freely moving rodent, 6176 Muscle pain, 10820 Natural environment, 6234 goal-directed, 6154 Muscle spindle development, abnormal, 4719 Natural scene, 2355, 10563 grasping, 6436, 12031 Muscular atrophy, spinal, 842, 1987, 7633 Natural sound, 1034 hand, 3930, 6154 Muscular dystrophy, visual impairment and, 13136 Natural stimulus, 3374, 11409

head, 3103 Mushroom body, 852, 1573 Nav. See Voltage-gated sodium channel illusory, 8483 Music, 454, 3019 Navigation, 493, 1061

imagined, 8483 Musical experience, 14100 Nax. See Sodium ion intersubunit conformational, 3083 Musical interval, 5832 NBM. See Nucleus basalis magnocellularis involuntary, 4829 Musical pitch, 13165 Ncad. See Cadherin ipsilateral arm, 12948 Musical training, 3019 NCX. See Sodium ion/calcium ion exchange mitochondrial, 5443 Musician beat perception, 7540 Ndel1, 15520 neural control of, 3930 Musician’s dystonia, 14627 NE. See Norepinephrine potential grasping, 12031 Musician sensory system, 5832 Necrosis factor. See Tumor necrosis factor rapid eye (See Rapid eye movement) Mustard oil, 743 Negative afterimage, 8996 reaching, and hand orientation, 3485 Mutant, 414 Negative feedback, 3695, 7591 saccadic eye, 5266 androgen receptor, 4461 Negative feedback inhibition, 11582 stimulation of, 7302 conditional, 2453 Negative functional magnetic resonance imaging, 3036 swimming, 13566 isoform-specific, 10920 Negative guidance factor, 10488 target, 6353 reeler, 288 Negative modulation, 6296 Movement control, 14363 synaptic transmission, 414 Negative regulation, 12940, 14779 Movement direction, 13870 Mutant huntingtin, 2193, 3200 Negative shift, 11495 Movement execution, 14363 Mutant mouse, 1615, 2845 Negativity, mismatch, 454 Movement representation, 11134 Mutant parkin, 7392 Neocortex Movement speed, 8784 Mutation cholinergic deafferentation of, 4120 Movement stimulus, 14026 concurrent, 12089 firing rate in, 3685 mPFC. See Medial prefrontal cortex connexin 32, 4736 long-term potentiation in, 5587 mPGES-1. See Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 functional null, 10764 rat, 313, 2814 MPTP. See Methyl-phenyl-tetrahydropyridine missense, 10843 Neocortical disynaptic inhibition, 8991 MR. See Mineralocorticosteroid receptor point, 371 Neocortical fast-spiking ␥-aminobutyric acidergic interneuron, Mrg. See Mas-related premature translation-termination codon-generating, 2833 7040 mRNA. See Messenger ribonucleic acid serotonin receptor null, 8156 Neocortical interneuron classification, 3642 MS. See Multiple sclerosis Mutual facilitation, 4953 Neocortical interneuron migration, 7114 MSK1. See Mitogen-activated and stress-activated protein kinase 1 Myasthenia gravis autoantibody, 13898 Neocortical network, 9011, 10309 32 • J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): Subject Index

Neocortical network activity, 10890 Neural activity, 3695, 8119 age-related, 7290 Neocortical pyramidal cell, 7413 behavior and, 5793 autophagy and, 8506 Neocortical pyramidal neuron, 9888, 11263 conditional reinforcement and, 3627 dopaminergic, 3365, 11257 Neocortical retrieval, 10087 error-related, 7158 inflammation and, 3442 Neonatal cortex, 15479 in lateral intraparietal area, 14160 nutrition and, 12795 Neonatal hippocampus, 6982 in middle temporal area, 14160 rapid-onset, 9903 Neonatal rat, 2748 retrieval and, 8119 in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2, 9148 Neonatal spinal cord injury, 7549 Neural cell adhesion molecule, 11360, 14752 Neurodegenerative disease, 5758, 12722, 12776 Neostriatal synaptic connection, 8977 Neural cell adhesion molecule binding site, 11360 Neurodegenerative pathology, 13578 Neprilysin, 1115 Neural circuit, 9351 Neuroeconomics, 1998, 2188, 3833 Nerve, 2312 analog, 3045 Neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction, 3920 auditory, 13797 duration tuning in, 9255 Neuroendocrine response, 4461 optic (See Optic nerve) spiking, 9059 Neuroendocrine stress, 6449, 7330 peripheral (See Peripheral nerve) Neural control, 3930, 4109 Neuroepithelium, 11426 sensory, 13473 Neural correlate, 12574, 13165 Neurofilament, 1277 vestibular, 575 Neural development, 2984, 11139 cytoskeleton and, 11316 Nerve degeneration, cochlear, 14077 Neural differentiation, 12174 stationary, 11316 Nerve graft, peripheral, 14881 Neural discrimination, 11409, 15650 tubulin and, 11043 Nerve growth factor, 14, 10883 Neural diversity, 15933 Neurofilament protein, 14869 Nerve growth factor-dependent axon branching, 7569 Neural dynamics, 2076, 5494, 12374 Neurofilament transport, 6625 Nerve growth factor-dependent axon growth, 7569 Neural effect, intertemporal choice and, 6055 Neurogenesis, 1202, 1874, 2902, 4586, 6142, 15063 Nerve growth factor-dependent dorsal root ganglion neuron, 4016 Neural ensemble, taste-encoding, 15386 adult, 86, 7966 Nerve injury, 5508 Neural mechanism, of body representation, 4162 age and, 4408 Nerve injury regulation, 10063 Neural network, 11904, 13172 in Alzheimer’s disease, 6545 Nerve terminal, 14120, 15308 Neural organization, 12236 hippocampal, 9875 Nervous system Neural oscillation, 8595, 9351 neuroprotection and, 9683 androgen receptor mutant and, 4461 Neural oscillation network, 5218 olfactory bulb, 8704, 11852 central (See Central nervous system) Neural phase signaling, 8215 Neurohypophysis, 14120 enteric, 9683 Neural polarity, 12174 Neuroimaging, multimodal, 11347 mature, 3852 Neural precursor, 2113, 2322, 15694 Neuroimmunology, 140 peripheral, 3220, 4736 Neural precursor cell, 6710, 13126 Neuroinflammation, 140, 234, 753, 3781 sympathetic, 5916 Neural precursor survival, 6710 analysis of, 8429 vertebrate, 14663 Neural progenitor cell maintenance, 7404 striatal, 3365 Netrin-1, 8914, 11065, 15642 Neural progenitor migration, 8704 Neuroinvasion, transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, 15445 Network, 939, 1381, 1615, 1834 Neural reorganization, sleep and, 5143 Neurokinin, 222 action, 4922 Neural repair, 1874 Neurokinin 1 receptor, 2519, 2754, 3720 anatomical, 15684 Neural representation, 10203 Neurokinin B, 11859 central respiratory, 14713 Neural response, 3374, 8525, 13210 Neuroligin NL2, 8039, 13883 cerebellar-motoneuron, 10750 Neural routing, dual, 13445 Neuroligin NL4, 10843 cognitive, 7364 Neural signature, 8604 Neuromedin B, 4622 cortical, 4392, 5897, 15595 Neural sound processing, 14100 Neurometabolic coupling, 1424 cortical action, 4922 Neural spike train, 10234 Neuromodulator/Neuromodulation, 52, 1163, 10989, 15586 cortical anatomical, 15684 Neural stem cell, 14394 Neuromorphogenesis, 13315 default-mode, 11424, 14496 differentiation and, 4408 Neuromuscular junction, 517, 653, 842, 2312 development, 9011 proliferation and, 4408 development of, 10909 entrainment and, 10309 regulation of, 3885 Drosophila, 5628, 8539 frontoparietal, 1395 Neural suppression, 3059 larval, 414 functional, 14912 Neural system, 3792, 13418 motoneuron and, 13503 gene, 5295 Neural system code, 15727 Neuromuscular junction morphology, 8539 hippocampal, 8094 Neural system function, 12636 Neuromuscular synapse, 14942 hippocampal neuron, 7395 Neural transmission, 6207 Neuron, 23, 1834, 2009, 2534, 2997. See also Interneuron; Mo- intrinsic connectivity, 8586 Neural tube morphogenesis, 12506 toneuron motor, 7364 Neuregulin, 2404 A11 cell group, 12532 neocortical, 9011, 10309 Neuregulin 1, 7667 adaptation of, 13837 neural, 11904, 13172 Neuriepithelial Sonic hedgehog, 6989 ␥-aminobutyric acidergic, 1434, 4664, 8094, 11828, 13860 neural oscillator, 5218 Neurite, 678, 1599, 3565 antennal lobe projection, 6239 neuron (See Neuron network) preformed dystrophic, 9163 anterior cingulate, 6418 olfactory bulb, 15245 reticulon 3 immunoreactive dystrophic, 5108 arcuate nucleus, 11859 oscillatory, 6427 Neurite extension, 15520 ASH, 1446 polarization vision, 4911 Neurite morphogenesis, early, 8946 astrocyte-neuron contact, 11723 recurrent neural, 13172 Neurite outgrowth, 3288, 5546, 6677, 7459, 8946, 11360 Atoh1-lineal, 11123 retrieval, 10087 Neuritic cytoskeletal striation, Alzheimer-like, 12994 auditory, 2780, 4888, 11123 spinal, 1163 Neuritic dystrophy, amyloid ␤-induced, 10627 auditory thalamic, 6013 striatal, 7540 Neuritogenesis, 14394 aversive stimulus and, 11471 striatal cognitive, 7364 on laminin-1, 12393 axotomized sensory, 10063 structural, 14912 modulation of, 12419 ON bipolar, 9301 vision, 4911 Neuritogenic activity, 3220 bursting pacemaker, 6427 Network activity, 328, 10890 Neuroanatomy, functional, 3073 CA1, 3387 Network dynamics, 1677 Neurobehavioral performance, 8429 CA1 hippocampal, 10144 Network dynsfunction, subcortical, 13006 Neurobiology CA1 hippocampal pyramidal, 14472 Network frequency, 6427 of computation, 3833 CA1 pyramidal, 11203 Network interference, actin, 12167 of emotional learning, 10785 callosal projection, 12343 Network maturation, synaptic, 3419 Neuroblast, 5075 central, 4564 Network mechanism, 15029 Neuroblast plasticity, 5075 cerebellar, vesicular compartment of, 5193 Network structure, 1677 Neurodegeneration, 118, 610, 653, 1257, 1319, 2824, 3781, 4586, cerebellar granule, 3242 Network synchrony, 6389 4708 cerebellar nucleus, 9826 Subject Index J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): •33

cerebellar Purkinje, 10463 nucleus, 14836 Neuron apoptosis, 1011, 2824, 14790 cerebrocortical, 3288 nucleus accumbens, 5820 Neuron architecture, intersegmental, 10254 cholinergic, 918, 4664, 11828 olfactory bulb, 12302 Neuron avalanche, 15595 clock, 8312 olfactory sensory, 10541 Neuron bursting, dopaminergic, 15888 cold-thermosensitive, 3120 orexin, 2528 Neuron cell death, 529, 15397. See also Neuron death commissural local, 6780 output, 5116 Neuron cell loss, 8506 cortical (See Cortical neuron) parasympathetic, 14847 Neuron chloride, 14652 cortical inhibitory, 10520 pedunculopontine tegmental, 4858 Neuron circuit, 10081, 10309 cortical pyramidal, 600 peptidergic, 1503 Neuron clustering, in motor cortex, 13751 corticospinal, 14932 perception and, 6635 Neuron connectivity, 5088, 7395 corticothalamic, 964 periglomerular, 86 Neuron death, 610, 951, 1011, 1962, 4586, 12302. See also Neuron cutaneous sensory, 4808 Phox2b-expressing, 5806 cell death descending, 14993 pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, 14828 acidosis-induced, 14371 dopamine (See Dopamine neuron) polymodal nociceptive, 13202 N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced, 5536 dopaminergic (See Dopaminergic neuron) pontospinal noradrenergic, 12855 Neuron degeneration, 3200, 15353 dorsal horn, 798, 3206 prefrontal, 5640, 13432 Neuron dendritic tree, 3271 dorsal neuron 2, 8312 prefrontal cortical, 7208 Neuron density, 14553 dorsal root ganglion, 3956, 4016, 5127 pre-inspiratory, 2984 Neuron development, 13292 Drosophila, 6239, 12033 prelimbic frontal, 8474 hippocampal, 5435 embryonic spinal, 7877 prelimbic prefrontal, 13432 sympathetic, 7569 excitatory, 10533 primary nociceptive, 12919 Neuron differentiation, 6607, 14394 forebrain, 2780 projection (See Projection neuron) Neuron discharge, 11828 frontal eye field, 5308, 15621 proopiomelanocortin, 11582 Neuron distribution, 4829 functional, 4408 properties of, 5573 Neuron dysfunction, in encephalitis, 3948, 12467 genetically targeted, 6761 Purkinje (See Purkinje neuron) Neuron enhancement, 6389 globus pallidus, 8452 putative glutamatergic, 4664, 11828 Neuron ensemble, 11271 glucose transporter 4-vesicle in, 5193 pyloric dilator, 5062 Neuron excitability, 313, 13328 glutamate, 13684 pyramidal (See Pyramidal neuron) intrinsic, 11098 glutamatergic, 4664, 11828 rank-order-selective, 4369 metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated, 9977 glycinergic projection, 10104 raphe, 3720 pyramidal, 11203 gonadotropin-releasing hormone, 3138, 5616, 9809, 10552 rat cortical, 4708 Neuron fate specification, 6932 granule (See Granule neuron) rat prefrontal cortical, 7208 Neuron firing, 2915, 5022, 11817 gustatory, 3354 reticulospinal, 1140 modulation of, 12532 heterogeneous dopaminergic, 2915 retinal, 5536, 6358 striatal, 13952 hippocampal (See Hippocampal neuron) retrotrapezoid nucleus, 14836 Neuron firing pattern, 5411 hippocampal pyramidal, 3233 reward and, 11471 Neuron function, 3579, 7246, 12484 histaminergic tuberomamillary, excitation of, 4471 sensory (See Sensory neuron) Neuron-glia interaction, 2695, 8363, 9292 human mirror, 10153 septum, 4089, 8094 Neuron hyperactivity, 10410 hypocretin/orexin, modulation of, 3705 serotonin, 10341, 15878 Neuron hyperexcitability, amyloid ␤-induced, 3453 immature, 10010 single (See Single-neuron) Neuron hypertrophy, 1773 inferior colliculus, 9725 small, 7803 Neuron injury, 8429, 13242 inhibitory, 10520, 11732 song control, 6558 Neuron interaction, T-cell-, 15397 intralaminar, 5088 spinal, 7877 Neuron loss, 7290, 7957 Layer 4, 4930 spinal commissural inhibitory, 6780 Neuron maturation, 9875, 15155 Layer 5 neocortical pyramidal, 11263 spiny (See Spiny neuron) Neuron mechanism, of motor sequence, 4369 Layer 5 pyramidal, 11891 spiral ganglion, 11123 Neuron N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, 12702 live, 6794 striatal (See Striatal neuron) Neuron micro-ribonucleic acid, 15161 locus ceruleus, 12187 striatal output, 5116 Neuron migration, 4172 magnocellular, 393 striatal projection, 4953 cortical, 15520 medial entorhinal, 7625 striatal spiny, 6336 restriction of, 3404 medial prefrontal cortical, 7526, 14271 striatonigral, 6828 in vivo, 3404 medial septum, 8094 striatopallidal, 6828 Neuron morphogenesis, 1904, 13971 medium spiny, 2496, 4953, 7776 substantia gelatinosa, 13202 Neuron morphology, 3529, 14108 medullary dorsal horn, 15828 substantia nigra dopamine, 15531 Neuron motility, regulation of, 4512 melanin-concentrating hormone, 15195 substantia nigra dopaminergic, 11011 Neuron network, 2238 mesodiencephalic dopaminergic, 5170 superficial dorsal horn, 6691 hippocampal, 7395 mesolimbic, 14764 sympathetic, 13019, 13603 imbalance of, 3660 midbrain, 1657, 2780 tactile afferent, 8022 Neuron nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, 5525 midbrain dopamine, 15923 targeted, 6761 Neuron nicotinic acetylcholine binding site, 8734 midbrain dopaminergic, 10410 tegmental, 4858 Neuron nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, 8734 mirror, 10153 thalamic, 8847 Neuron offset, 15341 motor (See Motoneuron) thalamic auditory, 4888 Neuron oscillator, intrinsic, 15888 motor cortical, 13870 thalamorecipient, 6406 Neuron outgrowth, 6348 motor-frontal Layer 2/3 pyramidal, 12440 translaminar, 5088 Neuron output mode, 13649 N2a, 6607 trigeminal, 3120 Neuron pair, 15286 native, 3322 trigeminal sensory, 4981 Neuron peroxisome proliferator-activated ␥ receptor, 6186 neocortical pyramidal, 9888, 11263 ventral striatal, 13365 Neuron phenotype maintenance, 3852 neuropeptide Y, 4622 ventral tegmental area dopamine, 6535 Neuron physiology, intrinsic, 9761 newborn, 15063 visceral sensory, 7246 Neuron plasticity, 7582, 15910 newborn olfactory bulb, 12302 visual, 13815 Neuron polarity, 1773 newly generated, 7966 in vivo, 4519 Neuron population, 3387 nicotine-sensitive, 10436 in vivo cortical, 15317 Neuron preconditioning, 4356 nigral dopamine, 15414 in vivo dopaminergic, 5170 Neuron precursor, 4172 nigrostriatal dopaminergic, 444 in vivo retinal, 5536 Neuron progenitor cell, 2902 nociceptive, 10000, 12919, 13202 Neuron activation, 6691 Neuron regeneration, 15542 noradrenergic, 12855 Neuron activity, 591, 5616, 8871 Neuron regulation, 5009 34 • J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): Subject Index

Neuron selectivity, 11619 Neurotrophin fate, 10715 Nociception, 153, 7909 Neuron sensitization, 5910 Neurotrophin receptor p75, 10627 Nociceptive information, 10264 Neuron sodium channel, 10350 Neurotrophin receptor p75 phosphorylation, 10715 Nociceptive neuron, 10000 Neuron stimulation, 8187 Neurotrophin response, regulation of, 11674 polymodal, 13202 Neuron stress response, 5926 Neurovascular coupling, 1424, 2545, 2814 primary, 12919 Neuron structure, 3579 Neurulation, vertebrate, 11426 Nociceptive processing, 13377 Neuron survival, 6700, 11123, 14108 Neutrophil, 753 Nociceptive stimulation, 13182 Neuron targeting, 3354 Newborn auditory cortex, 14726 Nociceptor/Nociception, 743, 9500 Neuron tracer dye, 9197 Newborn brain injury, 8669 cutaneous, 1636 Neuron transporter, 14581 Newborn mouse, 9930 cutaneous murine polymodal, 8612 Neuron triiodothyronine uptake, 9439 Newborn neuron, 15063 Nociceptor sensitization, 6217 Neuron vascular endothelial growth factor expression, 8493 Newborn olfactory bulb neuron, 12302 Node, protein interaction, 12584 Neuron voltage-gated potassium channel, 3242 Newly generated neuron, 7966 Nodes of Ranvier, 2733, 7731 Neuron vulnerability, 13929 NF. See Nuclear factor Nogo, 8649 Neuropathic pain, 3220, 8051 NFAT. See Nuclear factor of activated T-cell Nogo-66-mediated inhibition, 15489 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, 4096 NFIL3, 15542 Nogo-66 receptor-2, homolog, 5768 reversal of, 14015 NG2-proteoglycan, 6722 Nogo-66 receptor gene, 5045 trafficking of, 4076 NGF. See Nerve growth factor Nogo-A, 13850 Neuropathic pain-like hypersensitivity, 14415 NgR. See Nogo receptor Nogo-deficient mouse, 8649 Neuropathic pain mechanism, trigeminal, 11161 NHE. See Sodium ion/hydrogen ion exchanger Nogo receptor, 6348 Neuropathology, 1962, 11550, 13589 Nicastrin, inactivation of, 7290 inhibition and, 15489 Neuropathy, 2312 Nicastrin conditional knock-out mouse, 7290 NgR1, 5768 axon, 1608 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, neuron, 5525 NgR-2, 5768 peripheral, 12089 Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase, 5525 NgRomni-Fc, 5768 Neuropathy target esterase, 11594 Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1, 6526 Nogo receptor gene, schizophrenia and, 5045 Neuropeptide, 38, 1115, 1312, 2528, 2597, 3642 Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 3, 6276 Nogo receptor ligand, 6285 Neuropeptide S, 4155 Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase expression, Noise Neuropeptide Y, 280, 3642 6276 background, 14100 Neuropeptide Y gene expression, 7389 Nicotine, 987, 1626 harmonics-to-noise ratio, 2283 Neuropeptide Y neuron, 4622 chronic, 7137, 12428 motor, 12606 Neurophysiological phenotype, 5938 dependence on, 4922 multiplicative, 1006 Neurophysiology, 1928 dorsal striatum and, 4035 Noise correlation, 6635 Neuroplasticity, 2648, 2876 entorhinal cortex and, 10436 Noise-induced hearing loss, 14077 Neuroprotection, 653, 1319, 2053, 3875, 4228, 4356, 4420, 4564, fetal exposure to, 7137 Nonauditory input, 4210 7003, 14779 nucleus accumbens and, 4035 Noncanonical subunit interface, 8734 amyloid ␤ monomer, 10582 voluntary consumption of, 10410 Non-cell-autonomous mechanism, 5536 estrogen and, 13823 withdrawal from, 3014 Nonclassical estrogen receptor pathway, 9390 FOXO3a, 8236 Nicotine-sensitive neuron, 10436 Noncoding ribonucleic acid, 5365 haptoglobin and, 15819 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, 2167, 3189 Noncontingent cocaine exposure, 6955 inflammatory stimulation and, 14334 ␣3-containing, 6883 Nonequalibrium calcium dynamics, 8396 mediation of, 8828 ␣4␤2*, 12428 Nonfocal plasticity, 6124 nanomedicine and, 13761 ␣7, 7137, 8805, 10961, 12625, 14847 Non-Gaussian fluctuation, 8512 neurogenesis and, 9683 amyloid ␤ and, 10961 Nongenomic mechanism, 14136 by NR3A subunit, 5260 ␤2 subunit of, 12909 Non-Hebbian synaptic plasticity, 11153 serotonin receptor and, 9683 neuron, 8734 Nonhomeostatic modulation, 5597 Neuroprotective gene, 4420 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ␣7 gene, 8805 Nonlinear integration, 13097 Neuropsychology, 11421 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor conformation maturation, 13898 Nonlinear modulation, 3374 Neuroregeneration, 3956 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor trafficking, 6883 Nonlinear spectrotemporal interaction, 11192 Neurorestoration, 9651 Nicotinic adenine dinucleotide, 5127 Nonlinear subunit, 2467 Neurosecretion, 13377 Nicotinic adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, 2545, 4903, Nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, 8103, 12842 Neurosecretory phenotype, 6296 13823, 14779 Nonmusician, beat perception and, 7540 Neurosteroid, 6449 Nicotinic receptor, 918, 3014, 3749 Non-myelin-associated protein, 6348 Neurotoxic amyloid ␤ peptide, 6394 Nicotinic receptor subtype, 2272 Nonoverlapping neuron population, 3387 Neurotoxic lesion, 2794 Nicotinic synapse, 15770 Nonsalient emotion, 4836 Neurotoxin/Neurotoxicity, 2414, 3956, 13435 Niemann-Pick disease type C1, 6394 Nonselective cation current, calcium ion-dependent, 11943 Neurotransmitter/Neurotransmission, 414, 1735, 1887, 3328, Night vision, 5716 Nonsense-mediated ribonucleic acid decay, 2833 3590, 12717 Nigral dopamine neuron, 15414 Nonspatial information, 5671, 8166 cortical, modulation of, 5202 Nigrostriatal dopamine function, 14057 Nonspecific plasticity, 4888 dopaminergic, 13730 Nigrostriatal dopamine pathway, 8156, 12428 Nonspeech sounds, artificial, expertise with, 5234 endogenous, 3036 Nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuron, 444 Noradrenaline, 1163 inhibitory, development of, 9943 Nitric oxide, 393, 7246, 8565, 9344 Noradrenergic innervation, 3613 Neurotransmitter receptor, 2926 Nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway, 13945 Noradrenergic neuron, pontospinal, 12855 Neurotransmitter release, 883, 5628, 12584 Nitric oxide electrode, 2545 Norepinephrine, 1796, 15745 Neurotrophic factor, 753, 1343 Nitric oxide pathway, 7886, 8225 Norepinephrine inhibition, 3093 brain-derived (See Brain-derived neurotrophic factor) Nitric oxide potentiation, 13283 Norepinephrine modulation, 4301 ciliary, 14334 Nitric oxide synthase, 2545 Normal specificity, 4719 mesencephalic astrocyte-derived, 9651 Nitric oxide synthase 1 adaptor protein, 8248 Normoxic oxidative death, 8828 Neurotrophic regulation, of sympathetic firing pattern, 5411 Nitric oxide synthase 2, 14177 NOS. See Nitric oxide synthase Neurotrophin, 1599 NK. See Neurokinin Notation-independent representation, 4652 avian song and, 6461 NKCC. See Sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter Notch, 15161 NT-3, 575, 4719, 10181, 13630, 14790 NL. See Neuroligin Notch1, 8578 NT-4, 3354 NMD. See Nonsense-mediated ribonucleic acid decay Novel microfluidic chamber, 4697 proNT-3, 14790 NMDA. See N-Methyl-D-aspartate Novel object recognition, 4293 spindle-derived, 4719, 10181 NMJ. See Neuromuscular junction Novel transgenic mouse, 4622 target-derived, 6700 NMNAT. See Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase Novelty, memory and, 8114 Wnt5a and, 7569 NO. See Nitric oxide NOX. See Nicotinic adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase Subject Index J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): •35

Noxious inhibitory control, diffuse, 15828 nicotine and, 4035 Olfactory processing, 10191 NP. See Neuropeptide Nucleus accumbens neuron, 5820 Olfactory response, 12070 NPC. See Niemann-Pick disease type C Nucleus accumbens signaling, 8655 Olfactory sensory neuron, 10184, 10541 NR. See N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit Nucleus accumbens synchrony, 7591 Olig. See Oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor NRA. See Nucleus retroambiguus Nucleus basalis magnocellularis, 4120 olig2, 2322 Nrcam, 12089 Nucleus interpeduncularis. See Interpeduncular nucleus Oligodendrocyte, 2022, 2322 NRF. See Nuclear respiratory factor Nucleus neuron, retrotrapezoid, 14836 development of, 7898, 10047 NRG. See Neuregulin Nucleus retroambiguus, 3824 loss of function in, 4736 NT. See Neurotrophin Null mutation, 8156, 10764 primitive cell source for, 7649 NTE. See Neuropathy Target Esterase Nurr1, 14309, 15923 regulation of, 11794 N-terminal caspase-7, 15134 Nutrition, 359, 12795 Oligodendrocyte differentiation, 5365, 6367, 11172 N-terminal domain, 12584 Oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antigen, myelin, 140 of glutamate ␦2 receptor, 5738 O Oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor 2, 2322 of slack, 5654 Oligodendrocyte migration, 6663, 10047, 15187 N terminus of dopamine transporter, 4592 Obesity, 179, 359 Oligodendrocyte myelination, 11172 NTR. See Neurotrophin receptor diet-induced, 5916 Oligodendrocyte precursor, 11172 Nuclear actin, 4512 proopiomelanocortin neuron and, 11582 Oligodendrocyte precursor cell, 4351 Nuclear calcium-regulated gene, neuroprotection and, 4420 Object Oligodendroglial cell, 4794 Nuclear calcium signaling, 14687 approaching, 11841 Oligodendroglial progenitor cell, 6663 Nuclear factor ␬B kinase ␤ deficiency, 12919 auditory, 2283 Oligomer, amyloid ␤, 9078 Nuclear factor ␬B signaling, 3529 hand-object interaction, 1928, 4381 Oligomer formation, amyloid ␤, 4004 Nuclear factor of activated T-cell, 12101 incommensurable, 8388 Oligomerization, 7582, 7639 calcineurin/NFAT, 12957 Object discrimination reversal, 2794 Oligonucleotide, survival of motoneuron protein and, 7633 NFATc4/NFAT3, 15331 Object learning, 13621 Oligovascular niche, 4351 Nuclear receptor Object naming, 15762 Omega-3 fatty acid, suppression of, 9078 chicken ovalbumin upstream promotor-transcription factor, Object recognition, 1565, 5854 ON bipolar neuron, 9301 12401 invariant, 2575 ON cone bipolar cell, 8372 Nr4a2/Nurr1, 10449 novel, 4293 One-year brain atropy, 15223 Nuclear respiratory factor, NRF-1, 483 Object representation, attention and, 10120 ON input, to OFF layer, 8875 Nuclear structure, 14687 Object shape, 13621 ON light response, 9186 Nucleotide. See Cyclic nucleotide Obstacle course, 9396 On-line reaching, 2961 Nucleotide exchange factor, guanine, 118 Occipitotemporal stroke, medial, 5854 Oocyte, Xenopus, 907 Nucleus Occlusion, 3875, 14521 OPC. See Progenitor cell accessory auditory, 11123 Occupancy, activation and, 6022 Open channel block, 2371 anterior thalamic, 3302 Octopamine, 852 Opioid, 222, 2534 anterodorsal thalamic, 493, 1061, 7815 Ocular dominance, 6514 amygdala, 6500 arcuate, 1503, 4622, 11859 Ocular dominance column, 6514 respiration and, 8177 auditory, 11123 Ocular pursuit, 13302 ␬-Opioid, endogenous, 4293 avian song, 4586 Oculomotor system, 250, 575, 2136 Opioid activation, 4293, 6500 brainstem accessory auditory, 11123 Odor, 705, 1424 Opioid inhibition, 6449 caudate, 14511 Odor aversion, 10287 Opioid peptide, dynorphin, 14371 cell, geometry of, 14687 Odor concentration, 3067 ␦-Opioid receptor, 3551, 13264 central, of the amygdala, 6500, 7379 Odor discrimination, 12302 ␬-Opioid receptor, 1855 cerebellar, 9826 Odor-evoked neural oscillation, 8595 ␮-Opioid receptor, 998, 3322, 3551, 7341 cochlear, 4210 Odor receptor gene, 12940 Opioid receptor desensitization, 7341 depletion of, 15878 Odor receptor messenger ribonucleic acid, 10184 Opioid signaling, retrograde, 7349 dorsal pontine, 6154 Odor receptor SR1, 14545 OPL. See Outer plexiform layer dorsal raphe, 9955 Odor response, 12070 Opn4. See Melanopsin fastigial, 10499 Odor-sensing leptin receptor, 3138 Opsin, 1486 hypothalamic ventral premammillary, 3138 ODR. See Object discrimination reversal cone, 12401 hypothalamic ventromedial, 14828 OFC. See Orbitofrontal cortex dual gradient in, 2706 interpeduncular, 493, 2272 OFF cone bipolar cell, 8372 Opsin expression, 12401 intralaminar thalamic, 3302 OFF layer, ON input to, 8875 Optical reporting, submillisecond, 9197 lateral geniculate (See Lateral geniculate nucleus) OFF light response, 9186 Optic ataxia, 1928, 5854 lateral thalamic, 3302 Offset, neuron, 15341 Optic nerve, 7917 medial (See Medial nucleus) Olfaction/Olfactorysystem,52,716,1514,1874,2125,3067,12302 zebrafish, 6607, 15489 medial vestibular, 10779 development of, 4972 Optimal control, 6472, 7723 pedunculopontine tegmental, 4858 Drosophila, 4972 Optimality, norepinephrine modulation and, 4301 primate lateral geniculate, 5009 intranasal insulin and, 6734 Option, contralateral, 13465 retrotrapezoid, 5806 thalamic lesion and, 12059 Oral methylphenidate, 4690 rostral fastigial, 10499 Olfactory behavior, 15245 Orbitofrontal cortex, 2794, 8388, 8965, 11619, 14004 of the solitary tract, 179, 2754, 3093, 4687, 9227, 9292, 12886 Olfactory bulb, 86, 1424, 2043, 2510, 2902, 4756, 11943, 15039 medial, 1395 song control, 6558 accessory, 14211 rat, 8965 specification of, 4484 aged, 11385 Order, temporal, 2676, 3182 subthalamic, 5701 development of, 9405 Order processing, temporal, 12568 suprachiasmatic, 1670, 6114, 14681 glomerular signaling in, 13454 Orexin/hypocretin. See Hypocretin/orexin supraoptic, 1743 mouse, 12070 Orexin neuron, 2528 tegmental, 4858 Olfactory bulb network, 15245 Organization thalamic (See Thalamic nucleus) Olfactory bulb neurogenesis, 8704, 11852 acetylcholine release and, 3808 ventral premammillary, 5240 Olfactory bulb neuron, 12302 of cortex, 10638 ventromedial, 14828 Olfactory bulb norepinephrine, 15745 frequency, 6871 Nucleus accumbens, 2876, 3529, 3715, 7591 Olfactory circuit, 12641 macromolecular, 10869 activity in, 9582 Olfactory coding, spatiotemporal, 10191 neural, 12236 cocaine and, 6955 Olfactory impairment, 15410 of neuron connectivity, 5088 deep brain stimulation of, 5354 Olfactory learning, 414, 1573 postsynaptic macromolecular, 10869 mouse, 7820 Olfactory pathway, 4756 retinotopic, 10638 36 • J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): Subject Index

self-, 13172 Overlapping function, 11377 Paired associative stimulation-induced modulation, 5597 sensorimotor, 14627 Overlapping neuron population, 3387 Pallidum. See Globus pallidus; Ventral pallidum somatotopic, 9314 Overriding attentional capture, 8726 Palmitoyltransferase, wild-type SPT1 serine, 14646 spatial, 6266, 11924 Overt motor behavior, 11134 Pannexin 1, 7092 of ventral visual cortex, 10638 Owl, barn, 9602 Panx1. See Pannexin 1 of visual cortex, 10638 Ownership, 3833 Papillar lesion, restricted basilar, 6871 Orientation border, 460, 6392 PAR. See Protease-activated receptor hand, reaching movement and, 3485 Oxidase Paracrine, 13909 spatial, 493 cytochrome, 15455 Parahippocampus, 1244 Orientation discrimination performance, 15721 nicotinic adenine dinucleotide phosphate, 2545, 4903, 14779 Parallel architecture, 10396 Orienting, gaze, 9123 Oxidase activation, nicotinic adenine dinucleotide phosphate, Parallel fiber, 15586 Oscillation frequency, gamma, 15721 13823 Parallel fiber-induced fast calcium signaling, 9668 Oscillator/Oscillation, 98, 1285, 1381, 13484 Oxidative damage, ischemic, 13823 Parallel fiber input, 8462 ␣, 10855 Oxidative death, normoxic, 8828 Parallel fiber synapse, 10974 of auditory thalamus, 6013 Oxidative stress, 159, 5910, 8828 Parallel fiber synaptogenesis, 5738 beta, 10287 Oxide, nitric. See Nitric oxide Parallelism, 2064 calcium, inhibition of, 4708 Oximetry, 2814 Parallel preoptic pathway, 11954 calcium ion, 9281 Oxygen, 1424 Parallel regulation, 12355 cholergic theta, 15375 Oxygenation, tissue, 2814 Paralysis, transitory hindlimb, 12089 circadian, 10920 Oxygen species, reactive, 529, 12284 Parasol cell, 4675 concomitant cytosolic calcium ion, 9281 Oxygen transport, 1707 Parasympathetic neuron, 14847 cortical, 4571, 7679, 9481 Oxytocin, 38, 2259, 4687 Parietal area, 169, 8166 cytosolic calcium ion, 9281 Parietal cortex, 5671 in developing cortex, 15029 P monkey, 9490, 13210 electroencephalogram, 7869, 12839 posterior, 9396, 11182, 14363 entrainment of, 6013 P2. See Purinergic receptor processing and, 4652 gamma, 2563, 7497, 13353 p21ras, 13543 superior, 14980 high-frequency, 11246 p27kip1, 775, 2902 Parietal junction, temporal, 3182 hippocampal gamma, 13353 p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, 3518, 14741 Parietal lobe, 12568 hippocampal theta, 15836 p38 regulation, 9330 Parietal lobule, 1928, 11461 inhibition of, 4708 p53, 529, 2824, 6710, 6752, 15155 Parietal reach region, 2961 intrinsic neuron, 15888 growth cone motility and, 5183 Parieto-occipital cortex, superior, 4381 local field potential, 5354 suppression of, 4420 Parieto-occipital sulcus, 2961 local spindle, 9563 IRSp53, 1586 Parkin, 7392, 11257 membrane potential, 10025 p57kip2, 775 Parkinson’s disease, 444, 1011, 1480, 1544, 1962, 3365, 4829, modular neural, 9351 p63, 6710 7392, 15104 modulation of, 10321 p75 neurotrophin receptor, 10627 action selection and, 6105 neural, 5218, 8595, 9351 p75 neurotrophin receptor phosphorylation, 10715 dopamine and, 6105 neuron, 15888 p75 signaling, 5411 model of, 9651, 13543, 13578 odor-evoked neural, 8595 p90 ribosomal S6 kinase, 466 mouse model of, 13543 pattern of, 9011 p120 guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein, 6649 nonmotor symptoms of, 8103, 12842 slow, 798, 6013 PACAP. See Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide olfactory impairment in, 15410 spindle, 9563 Pacemaker, 8452, 11011 rat model of, 9651 thalamocortical, 8847 Pacemaker activity, 15414 striatal dopamine and, 6105 theta, 898, 15375, 15836 Pacemaker neuron, bursting, 6427 ␣-synuclein and, 13578 Oscillatory activity, cortical, 9481 Pacinian corpuscle, 2695 vesicular monoamine storage and, 12842 Oscillatory network, 6427 PACS. See Phosphofurin acidic cluster-sorting protein vesicular monoamine transporter 2 and, 8103 Osmotic modulation, 11098 PAG. See Periaqeuductal gray PARP. See Polyafterdepolarization-ribose polymerase Otoferlin, 10474 PAI. See Plasminogen activator inhibitor Parvalbumin, 1235, 2344, 12878 Otolith organ, 1061 Pain, 686, 705, 1636, 2162, 2519 Parvalbumin expression, 4140 Ototoxocity, cisplatin, 3843 affective, 3307 Parvalbumin interneuron, 4140, 10695 Outcome, 1648, 3760 choice and, 14617 PAS. See Pregnanolone sulfate Outcome encoding, 7526 c-Jun N-terminal kinase and, 4096 Passive conductance, astrocyte, 8551 Outcome evaluation, 11020 cortical activity and, 7909 Passive mechanism, 2768 Outer cochlear hair cell, 4023 deep tissue, 10820 Past action, 15669 Outer plexiform layer, 6266 empathy for, 12384 Patch clamp, 476, 918 Outer retina, 6358 endogenous, 10264 Patch clamp recording, whole-cell, 2733 Outgrowth gray matter and, 13746 Pathogenesis, 9078, 9104 axon, 5873, 9405 induction of, 5508 Pathological pain, 13473 induction of, 11360 maintenance of, 5508 Pathology neurite, 3288, 5546, 6677, 7459, 8946, 11360 muscle, 10820 Alzheimer, 4964 neuron, 6348 neuropathic (See Neuropathic pain) amyloid, 9665 sensory axon, 9405 nociception and, 7909 central nervous system, 7743 Output pathological, 13473 of Huntington’s disease, 5153 basal ganglion, regulation of, 10424 persistent, 159, 15017 neurodegenerative, 13578 input-output transformation, 7504 sensory discrimination of, 14924 synaptic, 8805 linking of input to, 4911 tissue, 5508 tau, 7957, 9665, 10741 motor circuit, 12355 trafficking and, 4076 Pathophysiology, of locus ceruleus neuron, 12187 spiking, 13702 visceral, 743, 1554 Path/Pathway, 3590, 8828 synaptic, 4930 vision and, 12125 activation of, 10299 voluntary motor, 11708 Pain hypersensitivity, 3518 amygdala-prefrontal, 11614 Output mode, neuron, 13649 Pain mechanism, trigeminal neuropathic, 11161 amyloid precursor protein-dependent, 10405 Output neuron, striatal, 5116 Pain modulation, 2684, 10264 auditory, 1034, 13672 Overexpression, 483, 14199, 14646 Pain pathway, 9500 corticospinal, 11708 of adenylyl cyclase, 10835 Paired association, 10335 cross-talk, 9521 of reticulon 3, 9163 Paired associative stimulation, 2648 cyclic guanosine monophosphate, 7886, 8225, 9344 Subject Index J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): •37

descending analgesic, 7220 PDE. See Phosphodiesterase Period developing visual, 1126 PDF. See Pigment-dispersing factor of auditory cortex, 5456 dopamine (See Dopamine pathway) Pdp1⑀, 10920 critical, 11852 for early integration, 4548 Pedigree, 2867 feature-dependent sensitive, 5456 estrogen receptor, 9390 Pedunculopontine tegmental neuron, 4858 latent, 2103 functional afferent, 2762 Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, 4858 sensitive, 5456 gene regulatory, 14309 Penetrance, 9740 Period, 2597 heterogeneous, 789 Pentobarbital, 7053 Period 1, 1670 input, 6114 Pentobarbital withdrawal, 11662 Period1, 14681 lemniscal, 4089 Peptide, 1580. See also Neuropeptide; Polypeptide Period3, executive function and, 7948 mammalian target of rapamycin, 6860, 6964, 7424 2A, 8621 Periodic afferent activity, 10025 midbrain, 7220 A11, 12532 Periodic burst firing, 9281 molecular, 2833 amyloid ␤ (See Amyloid ␤ peptide) Peripheral activation, 8051 nigrostriatal dopamine, 8156, 12428 bombesin-related, 4622 Peripheral adaptation, 3067 nitric oxide, 7886, 8225 calcitonin gene-related (See Calcitonin gene-related peptide) Peripheral lipid deposition, 5916 nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate, 13945 dynorphin opioid, 14371 Peripheral modulation, endogenous, 7246 olfactory, 4756 gastrin-releasing, 4622 Peripheral myelination, regulation of, 4016 p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, 14741 Peptide release, 4981 Peripheral myelin compaction, 6094 pain, 9500 Peptidergic neuron, 1503 Peripheral myelin protein P0, 6094 parallel preoptic, 11954 Peptidergic release, 23 Peripheral nerve, 2312, 11304, 15445 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, 4564 Peptide transport, 13761 Peripheral nerve graft, 14881 preoptic, 11954 Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase 1, 14869 Peripheral nerve injury, 3518, 3766 protein kinase, 8225 Per. See Period Peripheral nervous system, 3220, 4736 rapamycin-sensitive signaling, 15017 Perception Peripheral neuropathy, 12089 secondary olfactory, 4756 accuracy in, 8329 Peripheral retinal input, 2768 secretory, 12174 ambiguous, 1688 Peripheral sensory axon, 13190 sensory, 9417 auditory, 454, 2780 Peripheral sensory nerve, 13473 shared, 4356 beat, 7540 Peripheral somatosensory denervation, 3738 signaling, 6964, 8259, 9809, 15366 categorical, 9819 Peripheral synaptogenesis, 10788 SnoN-Ccd1, 4312 category, 11421 Perirhinal cortex, 4346, 8329 Sonic hedgehog, 10299 conscious, 12839 Perirhinal long-term recognition memory, 9534 subcortical visual, 6336 depression and, 9072, 14381 Perisaccadic visual perception, 10160 tectofugal, 9602 depth, 1688 Perisomatic inhibition, robust short-latency, 7413 ultra-short dopamine, 10424 heading, 8936 Perisomatic-targeting interneuron, 4140 visual (See Visual pathway) infant pitch, 7718 Perivascular barrier, 11511 white matter, 6229 language, 9271 Permeability, calcium ion, NR3A subunit and, 5260 zebrafish olfactory, 4756 motion, 9072, 14381, 15126 Peroxiredoxin 2, 12497 Pathway divergence, 14439 neuron and, 6635 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, PPAR␥, 3875, 6186 Pathway mediation, 8248 perirhinal cortex and, 8329 Perseveration, 15104 Pathway-specific localization, 4274 perisaccadic, 10160 Persistent cortical activity, 7513 Pathway-specific long-term potentiation, 13649 pitch, 7718 Persistent firing, 4945 Pattern analysis, 1565 prediction of, 7869 Persistent inflammation, 3206 Pattern classification, 508 reading and, 9271 Persistent inward current, 2748 Pattern coding, spatial, 8005 self-motion, 15601 Persistent pain, 159, 5508, 15017 Pattern distribution, 10563 speech, 9271, 9819 Persistent retrograde bone morphogenetic protein, 3852 Pattern formation, spatiotemporal, 1677 visual, 7869, 10160, 13147 Persistent seizure, 8752 Pattern generator. See Central pattern generator visual motion, 9072, 14381, 15126 Persistent transcription-dependent long-term potentiation, 5605 Pattern motion selectivity, 13702 Perceptual awareness, 8715 Persistent translation-dependent long-term potentiation, 5605 Pattern/Patterning Perceptual decision-making, 8675 Personality, placebo analgesic response and, 4882 activity (See Activity pattern) Perceptual discrimination, 8329 Perturbation, rapid, 4794 autonomous firing, 8396 Perceptual elongation, rapid, 8960 Pertussis toxin, 4228 connectivity, 6406 Perceptual grouping, 12695 PET. See Positron emission tomography dendrite, 8248 Perceptual integration, 8483 PFC. See Prefrontal cortex differential, 5516 Perceptual learning, 2136, 3981, 13621 PG. See Prostaglandin electrographic, 3660 Perceptual relearning, 3981 pH, 153 expression, 11399 Perceptual selection, 11641 extracellular, 3252 firing (See Firing pattern) Perceptual sequence learning, 15115 Phagocyte, 4768 gaze, 6234 Perceptual training, 12265 Pharmacological analysis, 4829 hippocampal place cell firing, 6840 Perching, 3343 Pharmacological antihyperalgesia, 6167 hypothalamic, 6989 Percolation, 1077 Pharmacology, 907, 9625 motor, 3343, 13945 Perforin, 15397 Phase oscillatory, 9011 Performance cross-frequency spatial, 14342 postnatal expression, 8847 inhibitory control, 7158 electroencephalogram, 7869 recall of spontaneous activity, 14596 memory, 3059 Phase encoding, 3431 regulation of, 8248 neurobehavioral, 8429 Phase locking, phase-resetting curve and, 5218 spatial, 12401 orientation discrimination, 15721 Phase-of-firing coding, 13484 swimming motor, 13945 working memory task, 8016 Phase precession, single-trial, 13232 temporal, 2575, 9417 Performance prediction, 15721 Phase-resetting curve, 5218 Pattern processing, 454 Performance-related activity, 11880 Phase signaling, neural, 8215 Pause, 6593, 6625 Perfusion, 2814 Phase synchrony, 7591 Pavlovian conditioning, 1648. See also Classical conditioning Periaqueductal gray, 1580, 1817, 7220 Phase transition, 1077 Pavlovian cue, 12220 Periglomerular neuron, 86 Phasing, action potential, 13353 Pax6 knock-out mouse, 8335 Perinatal death, 2984 pH-dependent mechanism, 11495 PC. See Pacinian corpuscle Perinatal development, 14713 Phenotype, 2162, 7633, 11761 PD. See Pyloric dilator Perinatal rat, 7137 behavioral, 5938, 9439 PDAPP transgenic mouse, 6771 Perineuron net, modulation of, 12878 Down syndrome, 5938 38 • J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): Subject Index

dysmyelinating, 7743 Pigment-dispersing factor, 2597 Plasticity-associated gene expression, 5949 hereditary sensory, and neuropathy type 1, 14646 Pigment epithelium, 1486 Plasticity process, 9534 heritable brain, 2867 Pigment epithelium cell, 15810 PLC. See Phospholipase C neurophysiological, 5938 Pinocytosis, 4252 plp. See Proteolipid protein

neurosecretory, 6296 PIP2. See Phosphatidylinositol biphosphate PMP. See Peripheral myelin protein synaptic, 5938, 7395 Piriform cortex, 12641, 13649 PMV. See Ventral premammillary nucleus synaptic transmission, 7395 Pitch PNS. See Peripheral nervous system Phenotype maintenance, 3852 auditory cortex and, 13338 Pointing, whole-body, 191 Phenotype specification, 7079 fundamental, 7718 Point mutation, 371 Pheromone sensing, 2125 musical, 13165 Polarity Phobia, blood, 1817 Pitch discrimination, 13338 apicobasal, 11426 Phosphatase. See Protein phosphatase; Protein tyrosine Pitch memory, 13338 cell, 12506 phosphatase Pitch perception, 7718 directional, 7886 Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten, Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide neuron, 14828 neural, 12174 1773, 1874 PK. See Protein kinase neuron, 1773 Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, 998, 8655 PL. See Phospholipase Polarity-sensitive modulation, 5202 Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, 775, 4564 Placebo analgesic response, personality and, 4882 Polarity-specific direct current stimulation, 9115 Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent calcium ion signaling, Placebo-induced expectation, 11745 Polarization vision network, 4911 7766 Place cell, hippocampal, 12597 Polarized light, 4911 Phosphatidylinositol biphosphate-dependent interaction, 4794 Place cell activity, 898 Polarized light information, 11783 Phosphatidylinositol-linked dopamine receptor, 7766 Place cell firing pattern, hippocampal, 6840 Polarized signal, 15073 Phosphatidylinositol-linked ephrin, glycosyl, 3404 Place code, 9918 Polar residue, 14257 Phospho-dependent dynamin-syndapin interaction, 7706 Place field, 7504 Polyafterdepolarization-ribose polymerase, PARP-1, 9553 Phosphodiesterase, PDE5, 8075 Planning ability, enhancement of, 7271 Polyglutamine, 1987 Phosphofurin acidic cluster-sorting protein 1, 10541 Plaque, 3603, 12636 Polyglutamine disease, 5153 Phospholipase C, 2371 Plasma membrane, 4794, 12292, 13315 Polymerization of tubulin, 11043 Phospholipase C␤4, 15375 Plasminogen activation, 12393 Polymodal nociceptive neuron, 13202 Phosphorylated microtubule-associated protein, 12994 Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, 8669 Polymodal nociceptor, 8612

Phosphorylation, 1277, 2890, 3551, 4356 Plastic electrophysiological properties, 6558 Polymorphic dopamine receptor D2, 3695 Cdh1, 4322 Plasticity, 169, 939, 1446, 1525, 1719, 2205, 2876, 15286 Polymorphic region, 5985, 6229 connexin, 15178 ␥-aminobutyric acidergic short-term, 15660 Polymorphism, 4056, 10461, 10855 ␥ fyn, 9174 -aminobutyric acid receptor GABAA, 9592 Polyneuropathy, familial amyloid, 3220 histone H3, 14687 amygdalar synaptic, 10131 Polypeptide, vasoactive intestinal, 1670 by leucine-rich repeat kinase 2, 13971 behavioral, 11965 PolyQ. See Polyglutamine N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, 11965 brain-derived neurotrophic factor and, 6461 POMC. See Proopiomelanocortin of p75 neurotrophin receptor, 10715 CA1, 9026 Pontine nucleus, dorsal, 6154 of prion protein, 8743 cellular, 3497 Pontomesencephalic tegmentum, 4664 schizophrenia and, 11965 cilium, 4065 Pontospinal noradrenergic neuron, 12855 of tau, 2151, 9078 compensatory, 14942 Pool, readily releasable, 883, 11038 topographic, 14869 cortical, 5992, 7549 Popout stimulus, 15169 tyrosine, 9219 cortical map, 5992 Population, 3387, 10436 Phosphorylation-dependent ciliary trafficking, 10541 corticostriatal, 12115 Population coding, 8965 Photic entrainment, gating, 11717 dendritic spine, 5367 Population rate, 1006 Photoactivation, 351 evoked, 4888 Population synchrony, 2043 Photobleaching, 351 exercise and, 7549 Pore, fusion, 863 Photon response, single, 11867 focal, 6124 Position Photoperiodic signal, 2885 functional, 3172 arm, 4162 Photoreceptor, 828, 2371, 4616 glycine 33 and, 7582 binocular eye, 11461 cone, 5841, 12865 hippocampal, 9026, 10883 hand, 11461 Drosophila, 14199 hippocampal synaptic, 14581 lateral, 8914 mammalian rod, 11867 homeostatic, 5820 Position feedback, 5476 rod, 5841, 11867 intrinsic, 206 Positive allosteric modulation, 8734 Photoreceptor axoneme, rod, 9748 kalirin-7 and, 5367 Positive regulation, 12940 Photoreceptor cell, 2666 long-term, 5326 Positive reinforcement, 11215 Photoreceptor coupling, 15178 long-term synaptic, 4131, 6840 Positron emission tomography, 1538, 1544, 1887, 6176, 13730, Photoreceptor degeneration, 9186 membrane, 5820 14463 Photoreceptor synapse, 6809 multisensory neuron, 15910 Posterior auditory field, 14323 Photoreceptor terminal, 6809 neuroblast, 5075 Posterior insular cortex, 9314 Photosensitive ganglion cell, intrinsically, 476 neuron, 7582, 15910 Posterior medial frontal cortex, error and, 12183 Photostimulation, 70, 5806, 7413 nonfocal, 6124 Posterior parietal cortex, 11182 Phototransduction, 5716, 14199 non-Hebbian synaptic, 11153 area 5 of, 9396 Phox2b, 14836 nonspecific, 4888 movement control and, 14363 Phox2b-expressing neuron, 5806 of primary auditory cortex, 4888 Postexercise hypotension, 2754 Phr1, 6593 seasonal, 6461 Postinjury niche, 6722 PHR ubiquitin ligase, 6593 sensorimotor, 5326 Postnatal brain development, 2496 Physical effort, 9450 sensory, 4903, 11817 Postnatal development, early, 9510 Physical interaction, 4592 short-term (See Short-term plasticity) Postnatal expression pattern, 8847 Physiological tremor, 6616 short-term synaptic, 883 Postnatal motoneuron loss, 13640 Physiology, 2238, 2706, 9761 in spatiotemporal olfactory coding, 10191 Postnatal mouse, 2902 Physoilogical mechanism, 3920 specific, 4888 Postnatal progenitor, 7256 PI. See Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase spectral, and temporal rate, 5163 Poststimulus time histogram, joint, 2384 Piccolo domain, Aczonin/, 12584 spike timing-dependent, 2637, 3233, 8299, 13484 Postsubiculum, rat, 4945 PICK. See Protein kinase spine, 5367 Postsynaptic action potential, repetitive, 11153 Pictorial paired association, 10335 synaptic (See Synaptic plasticity) Postsynaptic calcium, 1503 Picture, food, 11330 synaptic transmission and, 12982 Postsynaptic current Pigment, visual, 7519 in vitro synaptic, 6840 evoked excitatory, 3093 Subject Index J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): •39

excitatory, 3093, 7558 prefrontal long-term, 14086 Prefrontal cortical neuron, 7208, 7526 sound-evoked, 2762 presynaptic long-term, 10974 Prefrontal dopaminergic innervation, medial, 6599 Postsynaptic density, 669 protein synthesis-dependent long-term, 5605 Prefrontal integration, 11020

PSD-95, 1586, 2948, 7124, 8438, 10928, 12845, 15770 purinergic P2X2 receptor, 12284 Prefrontal long-term potentiation, 14086 serotonin receptor and, 7124 synaptic, 11203 Prefrontal neuron, 5640, 13432 Postsynaptic expression, 4131 transcription-dependent long-term, 5605 Prefrontal pathway, amygdala-, 11614 Postsynaptic glutamate receptor subunit composition, 5558 in vivo, 10410 Pregabalin, 4076 ␣ ␦ Postsynaptic interaction, presynaptic/, 10788 POU1F1, 1212 Pregabalin 2 ligand, 4076 Postsynaptic macromolecular organization, 10869 Power, computational, 3276 Pregnancy, 1755 ␥ Postsynaptic mechanism, 9127 Power spectrum, 3132, 13613 -aminobutyric acid receptor GABAA and, 9592 Postsynaptic membrane, 2926 PP. See Protein phosphatase excitability and, 9592 Postsynaptic metabotropic glutamate receptor, 11807 PPAR. See Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor neuroendocrine stress response in, 6449 Postsynaptic potential, 3233, 3431 PPC. See Posterior parietal cortex rat, 6449 Postsynaptic protein kinase C, 5100 PPTN. See Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus Pregnanolone sulfate, 6819 Postsynaptic response, 12896 Practice, intensive, 12653 Pre-inspiratory neuron, 2984 Postsynaptic structure-function, 7929 PRC. See Phase-resetting curve Prelimbic activity, 8474 Posttetanic potentiation, 268 PreBo¨tzinger complex, 3720 Prelimbic frontal neuron, 8474 Posttranscriptional regulation, 466 Precession, single-trial phase, 13232 Prelimbic prefrontal neuron, 13432 Posttranslational modification, 15134 Precision, 8452, 13770 Pre-M1 domain, 3189 Posture, unloaded leg, 4109 Preconditioning, 4356 Premammillary nucleus, ventral, 3138, 5240 Potassium Precuneus, anterior, 2961 Premature mortality, 1977 epileptogenesis and, 10588 Precursor Premature translation-termination codon-generating mutation, inwardly rectifying Kir4.1, 7474 neural, 2113, 2322, 15694 2833 Potassium channel, 1834, 8551 oligodendrocyte, 11172 Premotor cortex, 1175 formation of, 5654 transplanted neural, 15694 beat perception and, 7540 G-protein inwardly rectifying, 11237 Precursor cell monkey, 9490 large-conductance calcium ion and voltage-activated, 8321 embryonic neural, 6710 Prenatal cocaine, 6308 leak, 2528 grafting neural, 13126 Preoptic area, embryonic, 9380 Slick/Slack heteromeric sodium-activated, 5654 oligodendrocyte, 4351 Preoptic pathway, parallel, 11954 sodium-activated, 5127 Precursor migration, 11172 Preparation, motor, 11841 trafficking of, 5654 Precursor protein. See Amyloid precursor protein Preparatory attention, 6418 In vivo, 13328 Prediction, 4690, 5308, 13302 Prepotent reward cue, 6500 voltage-gated (See Voltage-gated potassium channel) of anxiety, 11614 Presenilin, 6752 Potassium channel-binding protein, 13328 of anxious temperament, 9961 Presenilin 1, 10144, 10706, 14108 Potassium-chloride cotransporter 2, 9943, 14652. See also Sodium- of cocaine preference, 6176 Pressure, blood, 1817 potassium-chloride cotransporter of decision-making reversal, 7591 Prestimulus activity, 2725 Potassium ion channel, 206 error, 8604 Prestin, 1212 adenosine triphosphate-sensitive, 7137 gaze, 9123 Prestin knock-out mouse, 12000 small conductance calcium ion-activated, 8452, 11237 language lateralization, 13516 Presupplementary motor area, 1766, 10171 Potassium ion channel expression, astroglial, 7474 performance, 15721 Presymptomatic 3xTg-AD mouse, 9458 Potassium ion current, M-type, 11098 probabilistic outcome, 1648 Presynaptic bouton, 12449, 15586 Potency, agonist, modulation of, 4287 of reward, 4858 Presynaptic change, 8299 Potential seizure, 3660 Presynaptic defect, 4681 action (See Action potential) stimulus-driven, 8447 Presynaptic differentiation, 11065 antinociceptive, 4981 of trait anxiety, 11614 Presynaptic expression, 4131, 10974 back-propagating action, 3233, 7803 of visual perception, 7869 Presynaptic facilitation, 268 basal action, 15586 Predisposition to bipolar disorder, 10863 Presynaptic glutamate, 4332 electrotonic postsynaptic, 3431 Preference, 1312 Presynaptic glutamate release, 7349 event-related, 454, 1132, 2725, 2742, 4871, 8447 cocaine, 6176 Presynaptic g-protein-coupled receptor, 10221 excitatory postsynaptic, 3233 coupling, 9330 Presynaptic inhibition, 1414 frontal-feedback-related, 15675 decision and, 3760 Presynaptic kainate receptor, 11294 giant depolarizing, 6982 social, 2188 Presynaptic long-term potentiation, 10974 glycine reversal, 11495 taste, 2654 Presynaptic mechanism, 268 local field (See Local field potential) Preference-matched delayed reward, 14820 Presynaptic/postsynaptic interaction, 10788 membrane (See Membrane potential) Preferred retinal location, 2768 Presynaptic protein, 3365 postsynaptic, 3233, 3431 Preformed dystrophic neurite, 9163 Presynaptic protein complex, 6809 repetitive postsynaptic action, 11153 Prefrontal cortex, 765, 1191, 1244, 1766, 2188, 2344, 2477, 2569, Presynaptic tenacity, 351 resting, 2528 5135, 9563 Presynaptic terminal, 4076, 5738, 10000 transient receptor (See Transient receptor potential) cocaine and, 12664 Presynaptic terminal growth, 5558 visual cortical field, 10120 decision-making and, 10827 Pretreatment, N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist, 6917 Potential grasping movement, 12031 dorsolateral, 10827 Previous experience during training, 9644 Potential phasing, action, 13353 dorsomedial, 8280, 10827, 11020, 13158 PRiMA. See Proline-rich membrane anchor Potentiation extinction and, 10802 Primary auditory cortex, 3374, 4888, 8350, 14323 activity pattern-dependent long-term, 5587 infusion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and, 3715 Primary axon damage mechanism, 10272 allosteric, 14271 lateral, 3259, 6033, 8114 Primary hippocampus, 3781 associative long-term, 3233 Layer II/III, 10094 Primary motor cortex, 6926, 12675, 15115 of center response, 6358 medial, 402, 4836, 6167, 7631, 10802 Primary nociceptive neuron, 12919 corticotropin-releasing factor and, 6535 monkey, 5516 Primary progressive aphasia, 15762 hippocampal long-term, 9344 primate, 5640 Primary sense organ, 12802 intact long-term, 11263 rat, 15551 Primary somatosensory cortex, 2684, 11817 of intrinsic excitability, 5389 secondary hyperalgesia and, 11424 Primary somatosensory system, 9930 long-term (See Long-term potentiation) secondary somatosensory cortex and, 7238 Primary visual cortex, 2355, 15258, 15721 nitric oxide, 13283 tri-allelic serotonin and, 10461 damage to, 3981 pathway-specific long-term, 13649 ventromedial, 1395, 2188, 4871, 7631, 11020, 11330, 12315 local field potential and, 11540 persistent transcription-dependent long-term, 5605 Prefrontal cortex inhibition, medial, 7330 macaque, 11283, 11753, 15780 posttetanic, 268 Prefrontal cortical dopamine, 4836 magnification of, 5749 40 • J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): Subject Index

sampling of, 5749 neural (See Neural progenitor) Protein, 1743. See also specific protein by name Primate, 15675. See also Chimpanzee; Human; Macaque; Monkey postnatal, 7256 neurofilament, 14869 Primate globus pallidus, 7797 Progenitor cell presynaptic, 3365, 6809 Primate insular cortex, 6769 Alzheimer’s disease and, 6545, 12369 Q/N-rich, 5153 Primate lateral geniculate nucleus, 5009 differentiation and, 4408 scaffolding, 7929 Primate prefrontal cortex, 5640 intermediate, 14571 VCX-A, 12419 Primate reticulospinal tract, 4993 neuron, 2902 Protein acetylation, 2824 Primate retina, 4675, 5022, 5048, 8372 oligodendroglial, 6663 Proteinase-activated receptor, 9292 Primate superior colliculus, 12159 proliferation of, 4408, 9614 Proteinase inhibitor, Kunitz serine, 5666 Primate visual cortex, 11149 Progenitor cell maintenance, neural, 7404 Protein complex, 6734, 6809 Primate visual system, 15455 Progenitor identity, thalamic, 4484 Protein content, 2876 Primitive cell source, 7649 Progenitor proliferation, 2902 Protein deficiency, X-11-like, 5884 Prion, cellular, 6752 Progesterone, executive function and, 10362 Protein degradation, 1152 Prion protein, 10072 Programmed cell death, 14847 Protein distribution, differential, 1904 phosphorylation of, 8743 Progression, 6932, 14965 Protein disulfide isomerase, 13850 PrPc, 15445 Progressive aphasia, primary, 15762 Protein domain, 1126 Prion protein conformational change, 8743 Progressive epilepsy, 3453, 5910 Protein expression, 7633, 8621 Prion protein knock-out, 15445 Progressive memory impairment, 7290 Protein folding, 15145 PrkG. See Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein Progressive myoclonus epilepsy, 5910 Protein gradient, bound, 7450 kinase Progressive postnatal motoneuron loss, 13640 Protein interaction node, 12584 PRL. See Preferred retinal location Progressive ratio, 1087 Protein kinase PRNP, 10072 Projection adenosine monophosphate-activated, 2997 Proactive inhibitory control, 9059 axon, 630, 5525, 6526, 8187, 11628 CaMK (See Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase) Probabilistic outcome prediction, 1648 capitate, 828 cyclic adenosine monophosphate-dependent PKA, 2637 Probability, 6055, 8965 ipsilateral retinal, and Ephrin B1, 3463 cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent, 1350 Probability distribution, 1648 serotonergic, 9137 MAPK (See Mitogen-activated protein kinase) Probability learning, 454 Projection neuron, 716, 10653, 13710 PKA, 381, 11029, 13274, 15434 Probability task, 5793 antennal lobe, 6239 PKC, 3206, 5100, 10281, 13264 Probability weighting, 2231 callosal, 12343 PKC␣, 4605 Pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor, 12412, 14956 glycinergic, 10104 PKG, 8225 Procedural learning, 436 striatal, 4953 PKM␨, 12229 Processing stream, 10950 Projection stream, 15455 Protein kinase pathway, 8225 Process/Processing, 1115, 3011 Proliferation, 775, 1826, 2938 Protein phosphatase, 14086 amyloidogenic, 15472 cell, 4351, 4408 PP1, 13079 anticipatory, 2742 intermediate progenitor cell, 9614 PP2A, 11484, 14869 auditory, 5949, 13074 of microglia, 3781 Protein synthesis, 638, 2225, 6761, 9778, 14383 N-cadherin proteolytic, 5974 neural stem cell and, 4408 Protein synthesis-dependent long-term potentiation, 5605 cerebral, 14236 progenitor, 2902 Protein translation, 9042 cerebrospinal, 14236 progenitor cell, 4408, 9614 Protein tyrosine phosphatase, striatal-enriched, cleavage of, 9330 of complex movement stimulus, 14026 Proline-rich membrane anchor, 4519 Proteoglycan, 6722, 8914 cortical, 7686 Prolonged waking, 11698 Proteolipid promotor activity, 7256 corticostriatal interaction and, 12831 Prolonged withdrawal, 6955 Proteolipid protein, myelin, 8363 early olfactory, 10191 Prolyl-hydrozylase 1, 8828 Proteolipid protein 1 gene, 8363 emotion, 14812 Promotor, glutamic acid decarboxylase 2, 8790 Proteolysis, 4498, 13242 error, 12183 Promotor activity, proteolipid, 7256 Proteolysis mediation, 10350 estradiol and, 5949 Proneurotrophin-3, 14790 Proteolytic processing, N-cadherin, 5974 hierarchical, 14323 Proopiomelanocortin expression, 13684 Proteomics, 1480, 13377 information, 8039 Proopiomelanocortin neuron, 11582 ␥-Protocadherin, 11723 mathematics, 4652 Propagating wave, 811 ␣-Protocadherin family, 9137 motion, 7315 Propagation Protoplasmic astrocyte, 3276 multisensory temporal, 12265 activity, 4782 Prototoxin, endogenous lynx1-like, 14847 neural sound, 14100 signal, 6239 Protracted withdrawal, 5389 nociceptive, 13377 spinal wave, 10254 Protrusive structure, actin-rich, 10995 olfactory, 10191 Properties Prozac binding, 9635 order, 12568 of afferent, synaptic, 7815 PrP. See Prion protein parietal cortex, 4652 plastic electrophysiological, 6558 PRR. See Parietal reach region pattern, 454 stable electrophysiological, 6558 Pruning, synaptic, 3271 plasticity, 9534 synaptic, 7815 Prx. See Peroxiredoxin proteolytic, 5974 Property, firing, 12275 PS. See Presenilin reward, 12183 Propofol, 600 PSD. See Postsynaptic density ␣-secretase amyloid precursor protein, 4442 Proprioception, error correction and, 3485 PSP. See Postsynaptic potential semantic, 9271 Proprioceptive feedback, 2961 Psychiatric disease, 12768 sensory, 1395, 2486, 15898 Proprioceptive manipulation, 3897 Psychophysics, 1688, 2162 sound, 14100 Propriospinal bypass, 5681 Psychosine accumulation, 6068 spatial information, 789 Prosaccade task, 5516 Psychostimulant experience, 12275 speech, 13445 Prospect theory, 2231, 7945 PTEN. See Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromo-

sustained, 12558 Prostaglandin, PGE2, 13274 some ten temporal, 12265 Prostaglandin E synthase-1, microsomal, 1404 Ptf1a, 11139 temporal order, 12568 Prostate stem cell antigen, 14847 PTF1-J transcription factor complex, 11139 time-domain signal, 7230 Protease-activated receptor, PAR2, 6691 PTP. See Posttetanic potentiation; Protein tyrosine phosphatase touch, 9314 Protease-activated receptor domain protein, Drosophila, 10920 Pulsed inhibition, 2725 visual, 2768, 9987 Proteasome, 2151, 10909 Pumilio, 5558 Profile, spatial, 10321 Proteasome-mediated proteolysis, 4498 Punishment, 436, 1538 Profiling, transcriptome, 8927 Protection. See also Neuroprotection Punishment-induced inhibition, 11993 Progenitor, 1202, 6722, 13710 mediation of, 5525 Purinergic modulation, tripartite, 14713 Emx1 lineage, 15933 vascular, 4356 Purinergic receptor Subject Index J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): •41

P2X2, 14257 Rapamycin-sensitive signaling pathway, 15017 Reactivation, of immune-mediated lesion, 4820

P2X2, 12284 Raphe neuron, 3720 Reactive astrocyte, 11511 P2X4, 3518 Raphe nucleus, dorsal, 9955 Reactive oxygen species, 529, 12284

P2X7, 3781 Rapid adaptation, 2695 Reactive saccade, 11055 Purkinje cell, 2027 Rapid assembly, 12449 Reactivity, heterogeneous, 12292 cerebellar, 8005, 8530 Rapid endocytosis, 11038 Readily releasable pool, 883, 11038 Purkinje cell dark degeneration, 9244 Rapid eye movement, 1580 Reading Purkinje cell dendritic spine, 9668 Rapid eye movement sleep, 9361, 11745 speech perception and, 9271 Purkinje cell development, 15366 Rapid on-line error correction mechanism, 3485 syllable rate of speech and, 7686 Purkinje cell-targeted restoration, 15735 Rapid-onset neurodegeneration, 9903 Real gain/loss, 8839 Purkinje neuron Rapid perceptual elongation, 8960 Realignment, of interaural cortical map, 7065 cerebellar, 10463 Rapid perturbation, 4794 Real-time representation, 3132 hematopoietic cell fusion with, 3799 Rapid synaptic depression, 3374 Rearrangement Pursuit, anticipatory ocular, 13302 RAS, 2611 actin, 12244 Putative glutamatergic neuron, 4664, 11828 Ras, inactivation of, 6649 actin cytoskeleton, 13971 Putative interneuron, 5516 Rat, 493, 620, 2384, 3160. See also Rodent Recall Pyloric dilator neuron, 5062 anesthetized, 5483 of spontaneous activity pattern, 14596 Pyramidal cell, 1006, 1285, 10533, 15341 cocaine exposure and, 12664 of temporal sequence, 3475 ERBB4 in, 12255 cocaine-withdrawn, 2876 Recent memory, 8206 Layer 5, 11441 developing, 9521 Receptive field, 52, 789, 2467, 12909 neocortical, 7413 female, 6058 blue-yellow, 8372 Pyramidal cell axon, 11441 genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg, 371 lateral geniculate nucleus, 11409 Pyramidal cell dendrite, 7833, 12641 morphine-dependent, 12244 spatially coextensive, 8372 Pyramidal interneuron, 5516 neonatal, 2748 spectrotemporal, 2780 Pyramidal neuron, 2857, 13353 perinatal, 7137 visual, 10520 CA1, 11203 pregnant, 6449 visual area V4, 5749 CA1 hippocampal, 14472 spontaneously hypertensive, 2754 Receptive field input, 4089 cortical, 600 Rat adult-born hippocampal neuron, 14484 Receptor, 1608, 12717. See also specific type, e.g. Photoreceptor hippocampal, 3233 Rat analog, 4829 acetylcholine (See Acetylcholine receptor) Layer 5, 11891 Rat arcuate nucleus, 8198 adenosine (See Adenosine receptor) Layer 5 neocortical, 11263 Rat basal ganglion, 9861 ␣1b-adrenergic, 987 motor-frontal Layer 2/3, 12440 Rat brain, 4820 AMPA (See Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic neocortical, 9888, 11263 Rat brain aging, 6058 acid receptor) Pyramidal neuron dendrite, 7833 Rat breathing, 5806 androgen, 12484 Pyramidal neuron excitability, 11203 Rat cortical neuron, 4708, 7208 cannabinoid (See Cannabinoid receptor) Python regius, 7519 Rat dorsal root ganglion cell, 3766 central glucagon-like peptide-1, 5916 Rate chemokine (See Chemokine receptor) Q acoustic, 61 cough, 13662 ethological, 5163 cysteine-loop, activation of, 6022 Q/N-rich protein, 5153 firing, distribution of, 3685 deviant ryanodine, 9458 QTL. See Quantitative trait locus of learning, 15104 dopamine (See Dopamine receptor) Quantification, in vivo, 14663 of speech, syllable, 7686 epidermal growth factor, 2666 Quantitative pixelwise analysis, 2805 temporal, 5163 estrogen (See Estrogen receptor) Quantitative trait locus, 2867, 11662 Rat entorhinal cortex, 10436 functional reelin, 10653 Quiescence, dauer, 7302 Rat feature binding, 4120 GABA (See Aminobutyric acid receptor) Quinolinate, 2193 Rat hippocampus, 8551, 8633 glucagon-like peptide-1, 6973 Rat hyperalgesia, 12855 glucocorticoid, 2022 R Ratio glucocorticosteroid, 2857 harmonics-to-noise, 2283 glutamate (See Glutamate receptor) R6/2 mouse model, 11550 NR2A/NR2B, 8764 glycine, 2440, 7639 R406W tau, 14439 Rat medial vestibular nucleus, 10779 G-protein-coupled (See G-protein-coupled receptor) RA, song control nucleus, 6558 Rat midbrain, 5483 homopentameric cysteine-loop, activation of, 6022 rAAV. See Recombinant adeno-associated viral Rat model, 3365 5-HT (See Serotonin receptor) Rab3A guanosine triphosphatase activity, 14534 of Parkinson’s disease, 9651 inositol triphosphate, 1257 Rab8b interacting protein, tetratricopeptide-repeat containing, of temporal lobe epilepsy, 7846 insulin (See Insulin receptor) 6250 Rat neocortex, 313, 2814 ionotropic glutamate, 6767, 12896 Rab11a, 1480 Rat orbitofrontal cortex, 8965 kainate (See Kainate receptor) Rac1, Small guanosine triphosphatase, 15859 Rat postsubiculum, 4945 leptin (See Leptin receptor) Racial group membership, 8525 Rat prefrontal cortex, 15551 M1, 9888 Rac signaling, 14039 Rat prefrontal cortical neuron, 7208 metabolic-sensing leptin, 3138 Radial glia, 7694 Rat retina, 4274 metabotropic glutamate (See Metabotropic glutamate recep- Radial glial cell, 14571 Rat spinal cord, 13401 tor) Radial glial motility, 14066 Rat spinal cord injury, 7549, 12210 mineralocorticosteroid, 2857 Radial glial survival, 7694 Rat striatal cholinergic interneuron, 8396 muscarinic acetylcholine, 14942 Radial growth, 1277 Rat thalamic ventrobasal complex, 5964 neurokinin 1, 2519, 2754 Radial migration, 288 Rat ventrobasal complex, 5964 neuropeptide (See Neuropeptide receptor) Radical, free, 610 Rbpj cell, 12865 neurotransmitter, 2926 Radiotelemetry, 2103 RCZ. See Rostral cingulate zone nicotinic (See Nicotinic receptor) RAF, 2611 RD. See Retinal degeneration NMDA (See Methyl-D-aspartate receptor) Raft, lipid, 3590 Reaching, 4381, 11461 Nogo (See Nogo receptor) Raft architecture, 6068 goal-directed, 9490 odorant, 14545 Random walk, 1300 on-line, 2961 odorant-sensing leptin, 3138 Range, dynamic, 15595 Reaching movement, and hand orientation, 3485 opioid (See Opioid receptor) Range adaptation, 13797, 14004 Reach region, parietal, 2961 p75 neurotrophin, 10627 Rank-order-selective neuron, 4369 Reaction, defensive, 12617 postsynaptic glutamate, 5558 Rapamycin, 1093, 8259. See also Mammalian target of rapamycin Reaction time, 5135 proteinase-activated, 9292 42 • J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): Subject Index

purinergic (See Purinergic receptor) functional, 6285 neuron excitability, 13328 reelin, 10653 functional axon, 14881 neuron morphology, 3529 ryanodine, 9458, 11717 hair cell, 6871 neuron motility, 4512 serotonin (See Serotonin receptor) macrophage and, 13435 neurotransmitter release, 5628 sexual odorant-sensing leptin, 3138 motoneuron, 15073 neurotrophic, 5411 SR1 mouse odorant, 14545 myelin, 15694 neurotrophin response, 11674 T1R3, 2654 neuron, 15542 oligodendrocyte, 11794 toll-like, 11982 retinal axon, 6607 oligodendrocyte development, 10047 transient (See Transient receptor potential) sensory axon, 5546, 6285 p38, 9330 transmitter, 15232 spontaneous, 12145 parallel, 12355 vanilloid (See Transient receptor potential vanilloid) Reggie, 6607 peripheral myelination, 4016 vasopressin 1b, 2676 Region positive, 12940 zinc-sensing, 2890 Down syndrome critical, 5938 postsynaptic structure-function, 7929 Receptor desensitization, 6819 frontal eye field, 7599 posttranscriptional, 466 Receptor function, impaired, 3551 M2-M3, 3189 radial glial motility, 14066 Receptor gene, 4461, 12940 main immunogenic, 13898 radial glial survival, 7694 Receptor kinase, downstream of, 2611 parietal reach, 2961 reproduction, neuroendocrine, 3920 Receptor ligand, recombinant T-cell, 3816 polymorphic, 5985 retinal axon regeneration, 6607 Receptor localization, 8198 serotonin-linked polymorphic, 5985 ryanodine receptor, 11717 Receptor potential. See Transient receptor potential serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic, 6229 serotonin synthesis, 4065 Receptor transport, 303 Regularly spaced stimulation, 14383 spiking activity, 5276 Recognition, 38 Regulation, 2997, 3590 stability, 11628 face, 5336 active zone development, 11484 survival, 7966 facial expression of emotion, 15089 activity-dependent, 4658, 5425 synapse, 8288 invariant object, 2575 affective, 1395 synaptic structure, 7857 novel object, 4293 Alzheimer’s disease and, 12787 synaptogenesis, 5738 object (See Object recognition) amyloid precursor protein processing, 4442 synchronization, 5276 pattern, 9417 autonomous, 12865 threshold, 8764 speech, 6078 basal ganglion output, 10424 time course, 10416 temporal pattern, 9417 bidirectional, 8764 transmission, 5949, 7349 Recognition memory, 1224, 8329 binding, 15613 transmission kinetics, 6320 perirhinal long-term, 9534 calcium ion, 8063 T-type calcium channel, 10552 schizophrenia and, 11347 cell surface, 6883 Regulator of G-protein signaling 7, 7753 Recollection, 14987 central nervous system myelination, 6860 Regulator of G-protein signaling 9 anchor protein, 9301 Recombinant adeno-associated viral vector, 1544 cerebellar development, 8901 Regulator of G-protein signaling 11, 7753, 9301 Recombinant adeno-associated virus, 1257 cerebral thrombosis, 5666 Regulatory gene, sleep, 7148 Recombinant antibody, single-chain Fv, 1126 cerebrovascular cyclooxygenase-1, 12970 Rehearsal, 3073 Recombinant T-cell receptor ligand, 3816 chromatin, 7820 Reinforcement, 444, 1998, 3695 Reconsolidation, 402, 2225 cilin activity, 8129 conditional, 3627 Reconsolidation interaction, extinction-, 13432 compartmentalized, 4658 Hebbian-type, 3271 Reconstruction contrast response, 5009 positive, 11215 of color, 13992 cough, 13662 Reinforcement learning, 7278, 7591, 13524 molecular, 13603 dendrite patterning, 8248 Reinnervation, 1636 Recording development, 5170, 5425, 10184, 11484 Reinstatement, cue-induced, 9239 electrophysiological, 907 differential, 3992, 5616 Relapse, 1331 extracellular, 1580 differentiation, 5207 Relational memory, 131 guided, 10520 docking, 9429 Relay, ␥-aminobutyric acid, 7330 in vivo whole-cell, 13030 dynorphin, 9390 Relearning, perceptual, 3981 whole-cell, 2762, 13030 endocannabinoid-dependent homeostatic, 13222 Releasable pool, readily, 883, 11038 whole-cell patch clamp, 2733 endoplasmic reticulum, 6094 Release Recovery, functional. See Functional recovery by 17␤-estradiol, 10552 acetylcholine, 2272, 3808 Recruiting, 5234, 5738 excitability, 13328 asynchronous transmitter, 11112, 15770 Recruitment, differential, 10321 Fyn, 11794 brain-derived neurotrophic factor, 3518, 8688, 11650, 12764, Recruitment strategy, 10820 gene, 14309 14383 Rectification, 14257 glutamate receptor, 5558 calcitonin gene-related peptide, 4981 Recurrent inhibition, 6616 glutamatergic transmission, 7349 calcium, 9458 Recurrent neural network, 13172 glutamate transport, 7898 calcium ion, 2890, 7833 Recycling, 1361 gonadotropin, 3920 cue-induced dopamine, 6176 vesicle, 3865, 11038 growth, 4044 dendritic transmitter, 7023 Redox sensor, 12284 growth cone adhesion, 13981 dopamine, 4690, 6176, 6568, 14670 Reduced amyloid deposition, 9163 homeostatic, 4687, 5425, 8858, 13222 endogenous, 10387 Reduced functionality, of sensorimotor connection, 4719 inhibitory transmission, 5949 glutamate (See Glutamate release) Redundancy, uniform signal, 4675 integrin, 12506 lactate, 11698 Reeler mutant, 288 isorm and, 4332 monoamine, 3109 Reelin, 7459, 8578 Kiss1, 9390 multiquantal, 7558 Reelin action, 10653 long-term depression, 8764 multivesicular, 10974 Reelin receptor, functional, 10653 long-term potentiation, 8764 neurotransmitter, 883, 12584 Reelin signaling, 288 maturation, 7966 peptidergic, 23 Reference-dependent value computation, 3833 membrane homeostasis, 8858 presynaptic glutamate, 7349 Referred visual sensation, 8960 metaplastic, 8764 somatic, 15878 Reflex, 798 microtubule stability, 11628 somatodendritic dopamine, 6568 Reflex modulation, stretch, 13255 morphogenesis, 5435, 8946 spontaneous elementary calcium ion, 7833 Regeneration, 1636 myelination, 6860 subthreshold glutamate, 7023 axon (See Axon regeneration) negative, 12940, 14779 synaptic vesicle, 14670 brain-derived myelin, 15694 by nerve injury, 10063 synchronous transmitter, 15770 corticospinal tract, 8649 neuron, 5009 tetrapeptide, 13042 Subject Index J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): •43

transmitter (See Transmitter release) Repulsive axon turning, 10488 Response gene, retrograde, 6700 tripeptide, 13042 Repulsive guidance, 5873 Response sequencing, 6033 zinc ion, 2890 Repulsive guidance molecule, 1126, 6649 REST. See Repressor element 1 silencing transcription factor Reliability, calyx of Held synapse and, 13770 Rescue, 2440 Resting microglia, 3974 REM. See Rapid eye movement Reserve, brain, 14770 Resting potential, 2528 Remak bundle myelination, 11304 Resilience, bipolar disorder, 10863 Restoration, Purkinje cell-targeted, 15735 Remembering. See Memory Resiliency, 7820 Restoring memory, 3395 Remodeling, circuit, 10081 Resistant to inhibitor of cholinesterase-3, 12625 Restraint stress, 15575 Remote axotomy-induced apoptosis, 4564 Resonance, 1285, 6427 Rest-related activity, 14463 Remote emotional memory, 5143 Resonance imaging. See Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Restricted basilar papillar lesion, 6871 Remote memory, 8206 Magnetic resonance imaging Restricted expression, 11399 Remote memory retrieval, 4871 Respiration, 2984. See also Breathing Restriction, of neuron migration, 3404 Remote spatial memory, 3302 control of, 3824 Resurgent current, 2027 Renewal, 1331, 8884 opioid and, 8177 Retardation. See Fragile X Renshaw cell, 6616 volition control of, 8177 Reticulomotoneuron connection, 4993 Reorganization, 2768 Respiratory circuit, stimulation of, 3720 Reticulon 3 immunoreactive dystrophic neurite, 5108 anatomical, 12210 Respiratory interoception, 8177 Reticulon 3 overexpression, 9163 functional, 12210, 13691 Respiratory network, central, 14713 Reticulon 3 transgenic mouse, 5108 neural, sleep and, 5143 Respiratory rhythmogenesis, 14836 Reticulon 4A, 13850 of representational map, 3738 Respiratory system, cat, 3824 Reticulospinal neuron, 1140 Reorienting, stimulus-driven, 4392 Response Reticulospinal tract, primate, 4993 Repair, 1202 auditory, 9602 Reticulum, endoplasmic. See Endoplasmic reticulum lesion, 6722 autoimmune, suppression of, 3816 Retina, 476, 1469, 2297, 3045, 11720 neural, 1874 black, 11753 embryonic mouse, 6932 Repeat, sorting protein-related receptor with A-type, 15472 blood oxygen level-dependent, 2428, 8839 mammalian, 6266, 12332 Repeat expansion, triplet, 8752 cellular stress, 5926 mouse, 6932, 12865 Reperfusion, 7003 center, potentiation of, 6358 neuroligin 2 and, 8039 Repetition conditioned, 8474 outer, 6358 of cocaine exposure, 6955 contrast, regulation of, 5009 photoreceptor degeneration in, 9186 sound, 5163 dopaminergic, 6001 primate, 4675, 5022, 5048, 8372 Repetitive firing, 2748 to drug conditioned cue, 6001 rat, 4274 Repetitive gigantic inhibitory postsynaptic current, 7776 dynamic stimulus-, 10827 spontaneous glial calcium wave in, 11339 Repetitive postsynaptic action potential, 11153 empathic neural, 8525 stratification and, 8875 Repetitive sound stimulus, 6013 evoked, 5354 zebrafish, 15178 Reponse disengagement, 6033 frequency, 5841 Retinal amacrine cell, development of, 3992 Representation glomerular odorant, 12070 Retinal axon regeneration, 6607 of adaptation, 14004 glutamate, 5100 Retinal bipolar cell, 1469 articulator, 9819 hemodynamic, 13962 Retinal bipolar cell signaling, 7753 attention and, 10120 inflammatory, 4820 Retinal circuit, 13691 bilateral motor, 6196 inhibition of, 15870 Retinal degeneration, 1486, 15145 complex sound, 5456 initiated, 12675 Retinal development, 1077, 10809 cortical, 2961, 12948 light, 9186 Retinal ganglion cell, 1469, 2706, 3463, 3992, 4274, 11237, 12865, cross-frequency spatial phase, 14342 linear, 1006 14334, 15001 of decision value, 12315 local field potential, 5354 Retinal glia, 5536 development of, 5456 multisensory, 9602, 11924 Retinal input, peripheral, 2768 error, 6418 neural, 3374, 8525, 13210 Retinal location, preferred, 2768 expansion of, 12009 neuroendocrine, 4461 Retinal neuron, 5536, 6358 face, 12009 neuron, 13815 Retinal photoreceptor cell, 2666 of fractions, 4652 neuron stress, control of, 5926 Retinal pigment epithelium cell, 15810 goal, 11134 olfactory, 12070 Retinal projection, 3463 memory, 7432, 10335 ON/OFF light, 9186 Retinal wave, 1077 motor, 9819 postsynaptic, 12896 Retina-specific guanosine triphosphatase, 9301 movement, 11134 regulation of, 5009 Retinitis pigmentosa 1, 9748 neural, 10203 reprogramming, 9839 Retinitis pigmentosa 1-like protein, 9748 notation-independent, 4652 sensory, 10600 Retinogeniculate axon laterality, 14855 object, 10120 single photon, 11867 Retinoic acid, growth cone turning and, 14136 of range adaptation, 14004 spectrotemporal, 9725 Retinoid binding protein, interphotoreceptor, 4616 real-time, 3132 to static visual image, 8996 Retinotectal synaptic connectivity, 11065 sensory, 5163, 9227 stress, 5926, 6449 Retinotopic map, 13981, 15630 spatial, 5308 subthreshold, 964 Retinotopic organization, 10638 spatially global, 15258 sustained, 8474 Retinotopy, 10638, 11149 of stimulus, 10203 systemic inflammatory, 4820 Retrieval, 3302 synaptic, 14127 T-cell immune, 140 hippocampal, 10087 taste outcome, 15386 tyrosine kinase-dependent activation, 14451 memory, 4871, 8698, 10287 of tool use, 11523 ultra-rapid sensory, 7599 neocortical, 10087 value, 7945 variability of, 10600 neural activity and, 8119 Representational map, 3738 visual brain, 12321 remote memory, 4871 Repression, 4218 visual cortex, 13992 true/false memory, 8698 activity-dependent, 5425 visual neuron, 13815 Retrieval network, 10087 rest, 6296 Response bias, 14891 Retrieval strategy, 508 transcriptional, 4189, 14652 Response conflict, 14506 Retroambiguus, nucleus, 3824 translation, 5558 Response control, 13158 Retrograde axon transport, 5443, 10715 Repressor element 1 silencing transcription factor, 6296, 14652 Response dependence, 15115 Retrograde bone morphogenetic protein, persistent, 3852 Reproduction, 2885, 3920 Response encoding, 7526 Retrograde-directed cell killing, 14790 Reprogramming response, 9839 Response factor, serum, 1525 Retrograde messenger, 9344 Reptile vision, 7519 Response function, modulation of, 10683 Retrograde neuron survival, 6700 44 • J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): Subject Index

Retrograde opioid signaling, 7349 noncoding, 5365 S Retrograde response gene, 6700 odorant receptor messenger, 10184 Retrograde signaling, 9903 small interfering (See Small interfering ribonucleic acid) S100A10, 1937 Retrograde viral vector, 12855 splice-variant-specific, 4287 S 24795, 10961 Retrorubral field, innervation of, 3613 stage-specific, 4287 Saccade, 250, 1998, 2136 Retrotrapezoid nucleus, 5806 Ribonucleic acid decay, nonsense-mediated, 2833 bias for, 13815 Retrotrapezoid nucleus neuron, 14836 Ribonucleic acid editing, 4287 gaze, 7166 Rett syndrome, 4218, 9941 Ribonucleic acid interference, 179, 313, 543, 12440 reactive, 11055 MeCP2 and, 5051 Ribonucleic acid silencing, small interfering, 483 scanning, 11055 mouse model of, 11263, 12187 Ribonucleic acid translation, dendritic messenger, 8688 time of, 13147 Saccadic adaptation, 250, 11055 Rett syndrome astrocyte, 5051 p90 Ribosomal S6 kinase 1, 466 Saccadic control, 12930 Reversal, 1446 RIC-3. See Resistant to inhibitor of cholinesterase-3 Saccadic eye movement, 5266 glycine, 11495 RIDN. See Reticulon 3 immunoreactive dystrophic neurite Saccadic motor learning, 15213 of neuropathic pain, 14015 Right dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, 11020 object discrimination, 2794 Saccadic suppression, 12374 Right inferior frontal gyrus, 12675 Saccule, 15851 Reversal learning, 3695, 4690, 14271 Right ventromedial prefrontal cortex, 11020 Reverse signaling, 3404 Sacculus, frog, 10025 RIM1␣, 381 Reversible inactivation, 8166 Sacral spinal cord motoneuron, 15031 Rim domain, 12584 Reward, 436, 591, 696, 765, 1046, 1538, 1573, 1855, 1998, 2231, Salience Risk, 1648 3627 incentive, 6500, 12220 Risk aversion, neural correlate of, 12574 attention and, 11182 visual, 8016 choice and, 14617 Risky decision-making, 5251, 12574, 15727 Salient emotion, 4836 cocaine, 3529 Risperidone, 13730 Salient visual stimulus, 15169 decision-making and, 5251 RMS. See Rostral migratory stream Salt, divalent, 2654 delayed, 13365, 14820 RNA. See Ribonucleic acid SAP. See Synapse-associated protein dopamine and, 4858 RNAi. See Ribonucleic acid interference 192 IgG-Saporin lesion, 4120 error and, 12183 RNP. See Ribonucleoprotein particle Saturation, hemoglobin, 2814 expected, 8965 Robo. See Roundabout SCA. See Spinocerebellar ataxia immediate, 14820 Robust coding, 14993 Scaffold, 14039 neuron and, 11471 Robust conjunction, 9918 Scaffolding protein, 4274, 7929 prediction of, 4858 Robust delay, 6526 Scaling, 5749, 6479 preference-matched delayed, 14820 Robustness, norepinephrine modulation and, 4301 Scanning saccade, 11055 single neuron and, 11471 Robust pacemaking, 11011 Scene, natural, 2355 striatum and, 12183 Robust short-latency perisomatic inhibition, 7413 scFv. See Single-chain Fv recombinant antibody task, 4858 ROCK. See Rho-associated kinase Schizophrenia, 1244, 1887, 2238, 2344, 2774, 12768 Reward behavior, 2915 Rod bipolar cell, 6088 early-onset, 9481 Reward circuitry, 3715 Rodent. See also specific type, e.g. Mouse Nogo-66 receptor gene and, 5045 Reward cue, prepotent, 6500 freely moving, 6176 phosphorylation and, 11965 Reward-dependent modulation, 3259 hippocampus of, 12255 recognition memory and, 11347 Reward probability, 8965 Rodent brain, 6042 Schwann cell, 630, 1608, 15445 Reward processing, 12183 Rodent model of temporal lobe epilepsy, 8259 inhibition by, 14408 Reward signaling, 4858, 7278 Rod outer segment, 14287 loss of function in, 4736 Reward size, 13365 Rod photoreceptor, 5841, 11867 Schwann cell hyperproliferation, 11304 Reward system, mesolimbic, 4882 Rod photoreceptor axoneme, 9748 Schwann cell myelination, 8858 Reweighting, 15601 Rod phototransduction, 5716 SCI. See Spinal cord injury Rewiring, adaptive, 8187 Rohon-Beard peripheral sensory axon, 13190 Sclerosis. See Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Multiple sclerosis; Tu- RGC. See Retinal ganglion cell Roof plate formation, 11377 berous sclerosis RGMa. See Repulsive Guidance Molecule Root ganglion, dorsal. See Dorsal root ganglion SCN. See Suprachiasmatic nucleus RGS. See Regulator of G-protein signaling ROS. See Rank-order-selective; Reactive oxygen species Scn1a, 2027 Rhesus monkey, 3627, 11619 Rosiglitazone, 3875 SCN1B, 10764 RhoA, 638 Rostral cerebellar development, 7439 Scn1b, 2027 Scn4b, 2027 Rho-associated kinase II, 15266 Rostral cingulate zone, 7489 Scn8a, 2733 Rhodopsin, 9186 Rostral fastigial nucleus, 10499 Scoliosis, idiopathic, 12477 Rhodopsin glycosylation, 15145 Rostral growth, dopaminergic axon, 12542 Rho kinase, p53 interaction with, 5183 S-cone. See Short-wavelength sensitive cone Rostral migratory stream, 2902, 8704 rhomboid, 2666 Scratching, 798 Rostral shift, 7166 Rho-ROCK signaling, 11226 Scratching movement, aimed, 3897 Rostral superior parietal lobule, 11461 Rhythm Scratch reflex, 798 Rotation, horizontal head, 13074 anticipatory alpha, 5863 Screening, genome-wide, 11399 circadian, 1152, 2597, 12824 Rotational behavior, 1897 Seasonal plasticity, 6461 endogenous, 14681 Roundabout 2, 14211 Seasons, songbird, 13557 during epileptogenesis, 5402 Roundabout 2/Slit, 8914 Sec8, 8858 hippocampal theta, 7111 Routing, dual neural, 13445 Secondary hyperalgesia, medial prefrontal cortex and, 11424 microsaccadic, 9471 RP. See Retinitis pigmentosa Secondary hypothyroidism, 1212 theta (See Theta rhythm) RPE. See Retinal pigment epithelium Secondary olfactory pathway, 4756 ultradian, 8198 RPM-1, 6593 Secondary somatosensory cortex, 7238 Rhythmic bursting, 11943 RRP. See Readily releasable pool Second messenger, 12717 Rhythmic calcium ion transient, 15232 RS67333, 1937 ␤-Secretase, 12787 Rhythmic expression, 6114 RSK. See p90 Ribosomal S6 kinase ␥-Secretase, 13042 Rhythmic motor activity, 9351 RT. See Reaction time ␣-Secretase amyloid precursor protein, 4442 Rhythmic whisker stimulation, 5326 RTL. See Recombinant T-cell receptor ligand ␥-Secretase inhibition, 10405 Rhythmogenesis, respiratory, 14836 RTN. See Retrotrapezoid nucleus Secretion, 2528 Rhythm perception, 7540 RTN3. See Reticulon 3 activity-dependent, 23, 14185 Ribbon synapse, 7558, 10474 rutabaga, 852 of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, 14185 Ribonucleic acid. See also Messenger ribonucleic acid; Micro- RVS. See Referred visual sensation growth hormone, 8198 ribonucleic acid Ryanodine receptor, 9458, 11717 of luteinizing hormone, fasting and, 5240 Subject Index J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): •45

Secretory pathway calcium ion-ATPase isoform 1, 12174 transient receptor potential channel, 12919 Serotonin biosynthesis, 4065 Segmentation, 3908, 13242 Sensor, redox, 12284 Serotonin brain system, anxiety and, 13743 Segregation, 3387 Sensorimotor circuit, mouse, 5326 Serotonin-dependent enhancement, 5100 control of, 14211 Sensorimotor connection, 4719, 10181 Serotonin depletion, 6033 eye-specific, 14855 Sensorimotor control, 3026 Serotonin-linked polymorphic region, 5985 figure-ground, 460 Sensorimotor cortex, 12210 Serotonin neuron, 10341, 15878 Seizure, 1615, 2103, 2814 Sensorimotor defect, 118 Serotonin receptor, 1937

absence, 371 Sensorimotor gamma-band, 12384 5-HT1a, 987, 10094 and Alzheimer’s disease, 3453 Sensorimotor integration, 1140 5-HT2a serotonergic, 987 limbic, 13006 Sensorimotor organization, 14627 5-HT2c, 8156 persistent, 8752 Sensorimotor plasticity, 5326 5-HT4, 9683 prediction of, 3660 Sensory area, targeting of, 14223 antipsychotic drug and, 7124 spontaneous recurrent, 4430 Sensory axon, Rohon-Beard peripheral, 13190 hallucinogen and, 7124 unprovoked, 3453 Sensory axon-derived neuregulin-1, 7667 neuroprotection and, 9683 Seizure cluster, 2103 Sensory axon outgrowth, 9405 null mutation, 8156 Seizure initiation, 8565 Sensory axon regeneration, 5546, 6285 postsynaptic density and, 7124 Seizure-like event, 8565 Sensory cilium morphology, 4065 Serotonin synthesis, 4065 Selection Sensory coding, 12802 Serotonin transporter, 1087, 9635 action, 3148, 6105, 6926 Sensory deprivation, 2384 availability of, 9961 information, 13730 Sensory discrimination, 14924 tri-allelic, 10461 limb trajectory, 5690 Sensory domain, multidimensional, 9227 Serotonin transporter gene-linked polymorphic region, 6229 perceptual, 11641 Sensory enrichment, 86 Serotonin transporter polymorphism, 10461 Selective agonism, 4564 Sensory experience, 3172 SERT. See Serotonin transporter Selective aspiration, 2794 Sensory feedback, 2972 Serum response factor, 1525, 4512 Selective attention, memory and, 8270 Sensory function, 7667 Severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy. See Dravet syndrome Selective coding, 7208 Sensory information, 8005 Sex difference, 15684 Selective enhancement, 5832 Sensory modulation, 7246 brain, 8774, 12815 Selective expression, 11441, 12255, 13662 Sensory motor. See Sensorimotor epigenetics of, 12815 Selective inhibition, 8828 Sensory nerve, peripheral, 13473 gray matter, 14265 Selective modulation, 4571 Sensory nerve discharge, long-term facilitation of, 4903 tactile spatial acuity, 15756 Selective neuron vulnerability, 13929 Sensory neuron, 206, 1350, 1599, 1636, 3220, 7116, 12101 Sexual behavior, male, in female mouse, 7658 Selective targeting, 9301, 13919 axotomized, 10063 Sexual odorant-sensing leptin receptor, 3138 Selectivity, 2774 cutaneous, 4808 SEZ. See Subependymal zone calcium ion, 15414 olfactory, 10184, 10541 SFK. See Src-family kinase for conspecific vocalization, 6769 trigeminal, 4981 Shape directional, 13030 visceral, 7246 integration of, 7315 motion, 13702 Sensory neuron axon, 14211 object, 13621 neuron, 11619 Sensory pathway, 9417 three-dimensional, 727, 10613 pattern motion, 13702 Sensory plasticity, 4903, 11817 Shared pathway, 4356 sound, 11192 Sensory processing, 1395, 2486, 15898 Sharp wave, 2563 tiered, 12428 Sensory representation, 5163, 9227 Shell, accumbens, 1331 visual, 1565 Sensory response, 7599, 10600 Shh. See Sonic hedgehog Self-administration, 543 Sensory system, 2684 shibire, 852 Self-motion, 12020 of musician, 5832 Shift effect, 2467 Self-motion perception, 15601 synaptic transmission and, 12802 Shift/Shifting Self-ordered sequencing task, spatial, 6033 Sensory weighting, 5476 attention, 10563, 14160 Self-organization, 13172 Separation, in motion processing, 7315 baseline, 8715 Self-processing, 8621 Sepsis-induced long-term cognitive deficit, 14177 broadband, 13613 Self-renewal, cell, 3885 Septa, vibrissa input to, 4089 endogenously cued attention, 14160 Self-stimulation, intracranial, 1735, 1855 Septate junction, 3103 gaze, 7723 Self-sustained discharge, 2748 Septum, 2384 negative, 11495 Semantic memory, 3073 control by, 15375 rostral, 7166 Semantic processing, 9271 medial, 898, 8094, 15375 spatial attention, 3930 Semaphorin 3F, 4044, 12542 Septum neuron, 4089, 8094 Shock, 1817 Semaphorin 7A, 11385 Sequence, 436 Short-latency activation, 6336 Semicircular canal occlusion, 14521 behavioral, 6418 Short-latency feedback, 7166 Sensation motor (See Motor sequence) Short-latency influence, 6926 behavior and, 4897 perceptual, 15115 Short-latency inhibitory postsynaptic current, 7413 biomechanics of, 12807 temporal, recall of, 3475 Short-latency perisomatic inhibition, robust, 7413 referred visual, 8960 Sequence chunking, action, 8280 Short-latency visual input, 5701 Sensing Sequencing, response, 6033 Short-term depression, of synaptic transmission, 7797 leucine, 8302 Sequencing task, spatial self-ordered, 6033 Short-term experience, 15910 pheromone, 2125 Sequential acquisition, 6234 Short-term memory, visual, 7432, 8032 Sensitive period, 5456 Sequential differentiation, 13566 Short-term plasticity, 2076, 5713 Sensitivity/Sensitization, 2393, 3011. See also Desensitization Sequestration, intracerebral, 11393 ␥-aminobutyric acidergic, 15660 agonist, 13898 Serial order, 591 synaptic, 883 behavioral, 3529, 8408 Serine 43, 8743 Short-wavelength sensitive cone, 2706 calcium ion, 4023 Serine palmitoyltransferase, wild-type SPT1, 14646 SI. See Primary somatosensory cortex central, 159, 4096 Serotonergic modulation, 10387 Sialic acid, lysosomal, 15355 ethanol and, 8408 Serotonergic projection, 9137 Sialin, 15355 hypoxic, 7137 Serotonergic system, 5681 Sialyl glycan, 6677 loss of, 3045 Serotonin, 268, 1163, 1446, 1626, 2259, 6691 Sickness behavior, 2089 morphine and, 15828 aversion and, 11993, 15669 Side switch, 12210 neuron, 5910 endogenously released, 3720 Signal change, graded, 3897 newborn auditory cortex and, 14726 inhibition and, 11993 Signaling cascade, 13603 nociceptor, 6217 taste bud and, 13909 Signaling mechanism, 5873 46 • J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): Subject Index

Signaling pathway, 6964, 8259, 9809, 15366 Reelin, 288 Slow Wallerian degeneration gene, 653 Signalosome, COP9, 1152 regulator of G-protein (See Regulator of G-protein signaling) Slow-wave activity, 620 Signal processing, time-domain, 7230 retinal bipolar cell, 7753 SMA. See Spinal muscular atrophy; Supplementary motor area Signal propagation, 6239 retrograde, 9903 Smad1 activation, axotomy-induced, 7116 Signal redundancy, uniform, 4675 retrograde opioid, 7349 Small conductance calcium ion-activated potassium ion channel, Signal/Signaling, 206, 2611, 2938, 5690 reverse, 3404 8452, 11237 additive, 10671 reward, 4858, 7278 Small guanosine triphosphatase Rac1, 15859 Akt, 6860 Rho-ROCK, 11226 Small interfering ribonucleic acid, 280 ␥-aminobutyric acid, 7966 sonic hedgehog, 4484 Small interfering ribonucleic acid silencing, 483 ␥-aminobutyric acidergic, 15063 sorting, 10715 Small neuron, 7803 amyloid precursor protein, 15703 T-cell, 12957, 14415 Snake vision, 7519 auditory direction, 6490 texture, 11686 SNAP. See Synaptosome-associated protein axoglial, 7667 tyrosine kinase A, 5411 Snapse, CA1, 9026 axon-glia, 11304 tyrosine kinase B, 5508 SnoN, 4312 basal ganglia-thalamocortical, 4782 upregulation of, 8655 SnoN-Ccd1 pathway, 4312 blood oxygen level-dependent, 1648, 3760 vestibular, 8936, 12020 Social anxiety, 9955 bone morphogenetic protein, 3852, 12401 Wnt5, 4972 Social communication behavior, 9417 brain-cell, 9002 Wnt5a, 5873 Social decision-making, 7631 brain-derived neurotrophic factor, 4172, 15511 Signal transducer and activator of transcription Social interaction, 38 calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cell, 12957 STAT1, 3843 Social isolation, early-life, 9955 calcium, 1257, 8005, 9148, 14687 STAT3, 7003, 11582 Social memory, 2676 calcium ion, 7766, 7886 STAT5, 2022 Social preference, 2188 ␤-catenin, 12369, 13710 Signal transduction, 4065 SOD. See Superoxide dismutase central glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor, 5916 Signal transduction cascade, 6828 Sodium, 1796 c-Jun N-terminal kinase, 9078 Signal transmission, 2626, 11807 Sodium-activated potassium channel, 5127 color-related, 12159 Signature, neural, 8604 Slick/Slack heteromeric, 5654 cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding SII. See Secondary somatosensory cortex Sodium channel, 3288 protein, 7966 Sildenafil, Alzheimer’s disease and, 8075 axon, 14408 cytosolic calcium ion, 7886 Silencing neuron, 10350 dendritic, 7803 electrical, 15397 Sodium homeostasis, endolymphatic, 15851 dendritic calcium ion, 4658 micro-ribonucleic acid, 1904 Sodium ion/calcium ion exchange, 2053 deranged calcium, 9148 small interfering ribonucleic acid, 483 Sodium ion/hydrogen ion exchanger NHE1, 8946 direction, 6490 Simian immunodeficiency virus, 12467 Sodium/potassium-ATPase, 4498, 8143 dopamine, 4035, 7302, 8530 Simple motor skill, acquisition of, 5784 Sodium/potassium-ATPase ␤3 subunit, 7877 dopaminergic, 14752 Simulated recurrent neural network, 13172 Sodium/potassium-ATPase isozyme, 13662 dynamic brain-cell, 9002 Simultaneous encoding, 12031 Sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter 1, 13094. See also endocannabinoid, 7220, 13603 Simvastatin, 13543 Potassium-chloride cotransporter and ethanol, 9521 Single-cell coding, 8965 Sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter 1 dependence, 3419 ethanol and, 8408 Single-chain Fv recombinant antibody, 1126 Sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter 1 disruption, 6982 fibroblast growth factor, 14571 Single-neuron, 6635, 9417 Sodium pump. See Sodium/potassium-ATPase fibroblast growth factor 8, 4044 aversive stimulus and, 11471 Soleus H-reflex, 5784 GFR␣1, 10695 reward and, 11471 Solitary tract, nucleus of the, 179, 2754, 3093, 4687, 9227, 9292, glomerular, 13454 Single-neuron spiking, 13613 12886 G-protein (See Regulator of G-protein signaling) Single photon response, 11867 Soluble amyloid ␤, 4252, 11393 growth factor, 4356 Single-trial phase precession, 13232 Soluble amyloid precursor protein, 11226 Hedgehog, 6932 Single-unit, 2486 Somatic release, 15878 IL-1, 3395 Siphon motoneuron, 5100 Somatic spike, 7803 insulin, 11582 siRNA. See Small interfering ribonucleic acid Somatodendritic dopamine release, 6568 integrin ␤1, 6007 Site, docking, 10131 Somatodendritic integration, 8991 interruption of, 6545 65 kDa isoform, 15713 Somatosensory area, 12009 learning, 5266 Skeleton, 12477. See also Cytoskeleton Somatosensory cortex, 70, 1719 leptin, 14828 Skill learning, bimanual, 8419 primary, 2684, 11817 light, 1152 Slack, 5654 secondary, 7238 linguistic auditory direction, 6490 Slack, N-terminal domain of, 5654 Somatosensory denervation, peripheral, 3738 masculinization and, 13274 Sleep, 600, 620, 871, 1267, 1948, 2177 Somatosensory system, primary, 9930 meninges, 7694 caffeine and, 11029 Somatosensory system/Somatosensation, 964 metabotropic, 2890 memory consolidation and, 5143 Somatostatin interneuron, hilar, 14247 metabotropic glutamate receptor, 3590 neural reorganization, 5143 Somatostatin-positive interneuron, 13883 metaphoric auditory direction, 6490 rapid eye movement (See Rapid eye movement sleep) Somatostatin receptor subtype 1, 8198 muscarinic, 15796 Sleep deprivation, 14050 Somatotopic organization, 9314 natural auditory direction, 6490 Sleep disorder, 2663 Somatotopy, insular, 9314 neural cell adhesion molecule and, 14752 Sleep homeostasis, 7948, 10939, 15575 SON. See Supraoptic nucleus neural phase, 8215 Sleep loss, 9026 Songbird, 2780, 4586. See also Birdsong nuclear calcium, 14687 Sleep loss effect, cerebral, 7948 seasons and, 13557 nuclear factor ␬B, 3529 Sleep regulatory gene, 7148 testosterone-induced song and, 15511 nucleus accumbens, 8655 Sleep-to-wake transition, 10939 Songbird auditory forebrain, 13557 in olfactory bulb, 13454 Sleep-wake cycle, 11828 Song control neuron, 6558 opioid, 7349 Slick, 5654 Song control nucleus HVC, 6558 p75, 5411 Slick/Slackheteromericsodium-activatedpotassiumchannel,5654 Song control nucleus RA, 6558 parallel fiber-induced fast calcium, 9668 Slingshot, 550 Song learning, developmental, 12878 in periaquaductal gray, 7220 Slit, 8914 Song nucleus, avian, 4586 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent, 7766 Slow afterhyperpolarization, 4750 Song system, 6461, 12878 photoperiodic, 2885 Slow current, depolarization-induced, 8530 Sonic hedgehog, 12506, 15073 polarized, 15073 Slowly adapting mechanoreceptor, 9370 Sonic hedgehog, 2453, 6989 Rac, 14039 Slow oscillation, 798 Sonic hedgehog activation, 10299 rapamycin-sensitive, 15017 Slow oscillation entrainment, 6013 Sonic hedgehog pathway, 10299 Subject Index J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): •47

Sonic hedgehog signaling, 4484 frequency, 12675 Spinal cord trauma, 15266 SorLA. See Lipoprotein receptor, LR11 functional, 4239 Spinal function, 14383 Sorting protein-related receptor with A-type repeat, 15472 neuron fate, 6932 Spinal interneuron, 13566, 15642 Sorting signal, 10715 normal, 4719 Spinal interneuron axon, 12145 Sound, 2064, 3374 nucleus, 4484 Spinal motoneuron, mouse, 11246 artificial nonspeech, 5234 phenotype, 7079 Spinal motor axon, 5690 complex, 11192 time, 12675 Spinal muscular atrophy, 842, 1987 natural, 1034 Specific plasticity, 4888 mouse model of, 7633 speech, 9819 Spectral information, 61 with respiratory distress type 1, 11761 temporal structure of, 14726 Spectral plasticity, and temporal rate, 5163 Spinal network, 1163 Sound capture, image and, 13809 Spectroscopy, magnetic resonance, 5202, 5319 Spinal neuron, 7877 Sound duration, 15650 Spectrotemporal interaction, nonlinear, 11192 Spinal neuron activation, 6691 Sound-evoked postsynaptic current, 2762 Spectrotemporal receptive field, 2780 Spinal subnucleus caudalis, trigeminal, 11161 Sound integration, 10950 Spectrotemporal response, 9725 Spinal synergy, 13264 Sound level, 13797 Spectrotemporal tuning, 3374 Spinal wave propagation, 10254 Sound processing, 14100 Spectrum, power, 13613 Spindle, muscle. See Muscle spindle Sound repetition, 5163 Speech, 1699, 2283 Spindle-derived neurotrophin 3, 4719, 10181 Sound selectivity, 11192 auditory cortex and, 15564 Spindle oscillation, local, 9563 Sound source discrimination, left-right, 3431 time-compressed, 15564 Spine, dendritic. See Dendritic spine Sound source location, 14127 Speech envelope, 7686 Spine alteration mediation, 14439 Sound stimulus, repetitive, 6013 Speech perception, 9819 Spine apparatus, 1017 Source memory, 508 reading and, 9271 Spine density, 2876, 10405, 15317 Space Speech processing, 13445 Spine enlargement, dendritic, 7607 optic nerve and, 7917 Speech rate, syllable, 7686 Spine function, ␦-catenin and, 5435 structured action, 13524 Speech recognition, 6078 Spine morphogenesis, ␦-catenin and, 5435 visual, 11841 Speech-sensitive cortical region, 5234 Spine morphology, 2876, 10144 Spaced training, 10281 Speech sound, 9819 Spine plasticity, 5367 Space encoding, 5308 Speed. See also Velocity Spine size enlargement, 3395 Sparse coding, 2355 of locomotion, 7098 Spinocerebellar ataxia Spasm, in infancy, 8752 movement, 8784 SCA1, 13126 Spatial acuity, tactile, 15756 of vision, 5716 SCA2, 9148 Spatial arrangement, 5343, 11540 Spermidine, synthesis of, 9545 SCA7, 15134 Spatial attention, 1784, 10563, 10671 Spider mechanoreceptor, 10989 SCA28, 9244 control of, 5863 Spike activity, 5062 Spinogenesis, 3271 shifting, 3930 regulation of, 5276 Spinothalamic system, 14223 Spatial cognition, 169 spontaneous calcium, 7877 Spiny neuron Spatial information, 15621 Spike count, 5964 medium, 2496, 4953, 7776 Spatial information encoding, 10512 Spike frequency adaptation, 2626 striatal, 6336 Spatial information processing, 789 Spike/Spiking Spiral ganglion neuron, 11123 Spatial layout target, 8032 intrinsic, 6982 differentiation and, 5711 Spatial learning, 1805, 10512 Mauthner, 3431 and embryonic stem cell, 5711 Spatially coextensive receptive field, 8372 N-methyl-D-aspartate, 11891 Spliced isoform, alternatively, 6250 Spatially global representation, 15258 single-neuron, 13613 Splice variant, 371 Spatially restricted change, 14352 somatic, 7803 Splice variant-specific ribonucleic acid, 4287 Spatially restricted expression, 11399 synaptically evoked, 5276 SPOC. See Superior parieto-occipital cortex Spatially segregated mechanism, 14472 Spike synchrony, complex, 14352 Spongiform encephalopathy neuroinvasion, 15445 Spatial memory, 3676, 5402 Spike timing, 5964 Spontaneity, 2915 aging and, 10835 Spike timing-dependent change, 11708 Spontaneous activity, 9510 forebrain and, 10835 Spike timing-dependent plasticity, 2637, 3233, 8299, 13484 cortical, 8512 remote, 3302 Spike train, 334, 2064, 2575 in cortical network, 14596 Spatial organization, 11924 alteration of, 6207 Spontaneous bursting activity, 12131 of gap junction, 6266 connectivity and, 10234 Spontaneous calcium spike activity, 7877 of glutamate receptor, 6266 cross-correlation between, 10234 Spontaneous elementary calcium ion release, 7833 Spatial orientation, 493 neural, 10234 Spontaneous exocytosis, 14120 Spatial pattern coding, 8005 synapse and, 10234 Spontaneous feeding, 7015 Spatial patterning, 12401 Spike transmission, conditional amplifier of, 5000 Spontaneous firing, 9826 Spatial phase, cross-frequency, 14342 Spiking hair cell, 10025 Spontaneous gating, 14257 Spatial profile, 10321 Spiking neural circuit model, 9059 Spontaneous glial calcium wave, 11339 Spatial representation, 5308 Spiking output, 13702 Spontaneously hypertensive rat, 2754 Spatial self-ordered sequencing task, 6033 Spinal commissural inhibitory neuron, 6780 Spontaneous recurrent seizure, 4430 Spatial transformation, 9490 Spinal commissural neuron, inhibitory, 6780 Spontaneous regeneration, 12145 Spatial visual information, 5671 Spinal cord, 610, 686, 798, 2805, 3160, 13264, 15187 Spontaneous switching, 12695 Spatial working memory, 3259, 4690 cervical, 8816 sPOS. See Parieto-occipital sulcus Spatiotemporal activity, 7166 dorsal, 14415 Spreading depression, suppression of, 8225 Spatiotemporal convergence, 9271 lamprey, 13283 Sprouting. See Axon sprouting Spatiotemporal distortion, 13147 mouse, 11601 SPT. See Serine palmitoyltransferase Spatiotemporal dynamics, 2814 rat, 13401 S-R. See Stimulus-response Spatiotemporal frequency tuning, 11409 Spinal cord astrocyte, 4096 SR1 mouse odorant receptor, 14545 Spatiotemporal olfactory coding, 10191 Spinal cord injury, 753, 1093, 2022, 6285, 6722, 12145, 14881, SR141716, 1554 Spatiotemporal pattern formation, 1677 14932 Src-family kinase, 3404, 5690 SPCA1. See Secretory pathway calcium ion-ATPase isoform 1 incomplete, 12210 SREBP. See Sterol regulatory element binding protein Specification/Specificity, 2666 monkey, 12009 SRF. See Serum response factor axon, 13292 mouse, 13435 SRS. See Spontaneous recurrent seizure cell type, 8539 neonatal, 7549 SSA. See Stimulus-specific adaptation connectional, 3271 rat, 12210 SST. See Somatostatin Ephrin B1, 3463 Spinal cord motoneuron, 15031 Stability/Stabilization, 351, 14942 48 • J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): Subject Index

attentional, 13418 encoding and, 8119 axon, 5758 branch, 12229 environmental, 1496, 3148 early-life, 15745 of electrical coupling, 9761 flashed visual, 11055 habit behavior and, 7191 filopodial, 12229 in globus pallidus, 7797 inhibitory avoidance and, 11078 microtubule, regulation of, 11628 high frequency, 15308 learning and, 4293 synaptic, 12845 inflammatory, 12970, 14334 memory and, 4293 synaptic transmission, 6851 by inosine, 8187 neuroendocrine, 6449, 7330 tau, 12079 low frequency, 15308 oxidative, 159, 5910, 8828 Stable electrophysiological properties, 6558 movement, 7302, 14026 restraint, 15575 Stable heterokaryon formation, 3799 natural, 3374, 11409 Stress hormone, 2022 Stage-specific ribonucleic acid, 4287 neural representation of, 10203 Stress memory, 10111 Staircase current, 5343 neuron, 8187 Stress response, 5926, 6449 Stargazin, 303 nociceptive, 13182 Stretch reflex modulation, 13255 Starling, adult, 6871 of nucleus accumbens, 5354 STRF. See Spectrotemporal receptive field Startle. See Reflex paired associative, 2648 Striatal ␥-aminobutyric acidergic interneuron, dopamine- STAT. See Signal transducer and activator of transcription polarity-specific direct current, 9115 deprived, 7776 State popout, 15169 Striatal cholinergic interneuron, rat, 8396 amyloid aggregation, 9321 regularly spaced, 14383 Striatal cognitive network, 7364 anesthesia-like, 7053 repetitive sound, 6013 Striatal dopamine, 4690, 6105

arousal, 5897 representation of, 10203 Striatal dopamine D2/D3 receptor, 14734 brain, 2915, 6851 of respiratory circuit, 3720 Striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase, cleavage of, 9330 goal, 131 retrieval and, 8119 Striatal expression, 11550 hibernation-like, 7302 rhythmic whisker, 5326 Striatal fast-spiking interneuron, 5276 neuropathic pain, 8051 salient visual, 15169 Striatal network, 7540 stimulus, 5897 of ␣-secretase amyloid precursor protein, 4442 Striatal neuroinflammation, 3365 synapse, 15286 sound, 6013 Striatal neuron, 13365 State dependence, of sensory response, 10600 stationary visual, 11055 Striatal neuron degeneration, 3200 State-dependent gamma activity, 13962 synthetic, 3374 Striatal neuron firing, 13952 State valence, affective, 7199 theta frequency, 11203 Striatal neuron subtype, 4571 Static visual image, response to, 8996 transcranial, 5202 Striatal output neuron, 5116 Statin excitoprotection, 11226 transcranial direct current, 2648, 7271 Striatal projection neuron, 4953 Stationary neurofilament, 11316 transcranial magnetic, 7679, 11134 Striatal spiny neuron, 6336 Stationary visual stimulus, 11055 two-stimulus-interval discrimination task, 7238 Striatal subregions, dissociable, 4690 Status epilepticus, 4430. See also Epilepsy vibrotactile, 10950 Stria terminalis. See Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis STDP. See Spike timing-dependent plasticity visual, 3182, 11055, 15169 Striation, Alzheimer-like neuritic cytoskeletal, 12994 Stem cell, 2113 whisker, 5326 Striatonigral neuron, 6828 in adult zebrafish cerebellum, 6142 Stimulator, B lymphocute, 6348 Striatopallidal axon collateral, 8977 and deafness, 5711 Stimulus-driven prediction, 8447 Striatopallidal neuron, 6828 embryonic, 5711 Stimulus-driven reorienting, 4392 Striatum, 43, 444, 1235, 1538, 1897, 2414, 2496, 15100 mesenchymal, 14932 Stimulus-evoked blood oxygen level-dependent modulation, action choice and, 14701 neural (See Neural stem cell) 10671 dorsal, nicotine and, 4035 prostate, 14847 Stimulus-induced gamma activity, 13962 dorsolateral, 13494 spiral ganglion neuron and, 5711 Stimulus magnitude, unconditioned, 9644 dorsomedial, 14891 Stem cell antigen, 14847 Stimulus-response, dynamic, 10827 medial, 3148 Stem cell initiation, 6142 Stimulus-specific adaptation, 5483, 7359, 13837 neural diversity in, 15933 Stem cell maintenance, 6142 Stimulus state, 5897 reward and, 12183 Stem cell renewal, 8884 Stimulus timing, 13302 value and, 14701 STEP. See Striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase STN. See Subthalamic nucleus ventral, 4882 Stepping Stomach, autonomic control of, 9292 Striatum-dependent learning, 12115 foreleg, 9396 Stomatogastric system, 1834 Stroke, 1719, 1874, 9839, 12497 front-leg, 2972 Stop-signal inhibition, 10171 adaptive rewiring after, 8187 propriospinal bypass and, 5681 Stop-signal task, 15870 experimental, 3875 Stepwise maturation, 11426 Storage, vesicular monoamine, 12842 medial occipitotemporal, 5854 Stereocilia, 15083, 15277 Storage capacity, monoamine, 8103 Strong renilla green fluorescent protein, 4622 Stereo computation, 15780 Storage vesicle, 5193 Structural change, 9661, 10863, 13557 Stereology, 1257 Straddling, 9396 Structural development, 3019 Stereopsis, 727 Strategic control, 13158 Structural equation, 2212 Steroid Strategy Structural lateralization, 13516 anabolic androgenic, 12484 learning, 6472 Structural magnetic resonance imaging, 11772 gonadal, 3808 mixed-strategy game, 7278 Structural network, 14912 Steroid modulation, 8633 recruitment, 10820 Structural variability, brain, 2867 Sterol regulatory element binding protein 2, 6394 retrieval, 508 Structure, 61 Stick insect, 2972, 4109 Stratification, retina and, 8875 actin-rich protrusive, 10995 Stimulating factor, granulocyte-colony, 11572 Stream dendrite, 5032 Stimulation-induced long-term potentiation, 15836 auditory, 12695 network, 1677 Stimulation/Stimulus dorsal visual, 1928, 4548 neuron, 3579 auditory, 13410 dual, 3011 nuclear, 14687 aversive, 11471 projection, 15455 of sound, 14726 axon growth and, 14334 rostral migratory, 2902 temporal, 12839, 14726 cholinergic, 8119 ventral visual, 4548 Structured action space, 13524 complex movement, 14026 visual, 1928, 4548 Structure-function, 7929 conditioned, 1573 Strength Structure-function relationship, 907 deep brain, 5354 arousal and, 9450 STS. See Superior temporal sulcus direct current, 5202, 7271, 9115 synaptic, gradient of, 9351 Subcellular dynamics, 8198 discrimination of, 5964 Stress, 2857, 9903, 10094 Subcortical brain development, 11772 electrical, 2428 acute, 8633, 10111 Subcortical enhancement, 5832 Subject Index J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): •49

Subcortical/interhemispheric interaction, 6196 omega-3 fatty acid, 9078 parallel fiber, 10974 Subcortical network dynsfunction, 13006 p53, 4420 photoreceptor, 6809 Subcortical system, 5308 saccadic, 12374 ribbon, 7558, 10474 Subcortical visual behavior, 12909 spreading depression, 8225 spike train and, 10234 Subcortical visual pathway, 6336 synaptic activity-mediated, 4420 in vivo, 3974 Subependymal zone, 1874 synaptogenesis, 6389 Synapse-associated protein, SAP97, 4332 Subgenual cingulate cortex, 1395 voluntary memory, 2742 Synapse morphogenesis, ␦-catenin and, 5435 Subiculum, 9771, 13429 Suprachiasmatic nucleus, 1670, 6114, 14681 Synapse regulation, 5425, 8288 Subjective value, 15727 Supramodal mechanism, 8675 Synapse state, 15286 Submillisecond optical reporting, 9197 Supraoptic nucleus, 1743 Synapse structure, 9943 Subnetwork, 10533 Supraspinal input II, 14383 Synaptic activity, 7833, 9704, 13222, 14687 Subnucleus caudalis, trigeminal spinal, 11161 Surface diffusion, 6007 Synaptic activity-mediated suppression, 4420 Subprimary firing range, 11246 Surface expression, 2997 Synaptically evoked spike, 5276 Substance P, 2754, 3720, 4953, 7220 Surgical disruption of vomeronasal function, 7658 Synaptic alteration Substantia gelatinosa, 686 Surgically menopausal monkey, 10362 amyloid ␤-related, 9704 Substantia gelatinosa neuron, 13202 Survival, 9903 inflammation and, 3442 Substantia nigra, 2915, 3365, 10424 cell, 1826, 4351 Synaptic anchoring protein, 6308 Substantia nigra dopamine neuron, 15531 motoneuron protein, 7633 Synaptic apposition, 11484 Substantia nigra dopaminergic neuron, 11011 neural precursor, 6710 Synaptic change, long-term, 9700 Substrate neuron, 11123, 14108 Synaptic circuit, 12440 calpain, 10350 radial glial, regulation of, 7694 Synaptic cleft glutamate concentration, 10221 insulin receptor, 9078 regulation of, 7966 Synaptic clustering, 7639 molecular, 7092 retrograde neuron, 6700 Synaptic connection, 8977, 11283 Subsynaptic membrane, 3749 through inhibition, 4420 Synaptic connectivity, retinotectal, 11065 Subthalamic nucleus, 5701 Sustained activity, 6353, 11880 Synaptic cross-talk, 4140 Subthreshold activation, 15213 Sustained attention, 1784 Synaptic current, 2857, 3109, 3749 Subthreshold glutamate release, 7023 Sustained depolarization, 1140 Synaptic depolarization, 3233 Subthreshold response, 964 Sustained processing, 12558 Synaptic depression, 2076, 3374, 7797 Subtype, nicotinic receptor, 2272 Sustained response, 8474 Synaptic development, 9778 Subtype-specific gene, 12343 SVZ. See Subventricular zone Synaptic development, activity-dependent, 11852 Subunit. See also specific type Swimming motor pattern, 13945 Synaptic disinhibition, 9826 catalytic, 4519 Swimming movement, 13566 Synaptic efficacy, increased, 2637 nonlinear, 2467 Swing, leg, 4109 Synaptic exocytosis, calcium ion-dependent, 8639 Subunit composition, 2272, 5558 Swiss Webster mouse, 3843 Synaptic expression, ␣-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole Subunit interface, noncanonical, 8734 Switch/Switching propionic acid, 6308 Subunit-specific localization, 4274 of catagorization rules, 3930 Synaptic formation, 2167, 2404, 11065, 15039. See also Synapto- Subunit trafficking, wild-type partnering, 2845 cytokine, 3816 genesis Subventricular zone, 2510, 2902, 7649 developmental, 8288, 14652 Synaptic function, 2890, 3974, 8539, 10741 Sufficiency, Ephrin B1, 3463 mechanism for, 5135 Alzheimer’s disease and, 8075 Sulcus retinogeniculate axon laterality, 14855 ␦-catenin and, 5435 medial intraparietal, 2961 side, 12210 Synaptic fusion machinery, 8639 parieto-occipital, 2961 spontaneous, 12695 Synaptic homeostasis, 5628, 9458 superior temporal, activity in, 4542 strategy, 7208 Synaptic incorporation, 12845 Sulfate task (See Task switching) Synaptic inhibition, pharmacology of, 9625 heparan, 8539, 8914 Syllable, 12568, 14912 Synaptic input, 2754, 6897, 15031 pregnanolone, 6819 Syllable rate of speech, 7686 Synaptic junction, 6266 Sum tone, 5832 Sympathetic firing pattern, neurotrophic regulation of, 5411 Synaptic mechanism, 10387 Superficial dorsal horn, 6691, 13401 Sympathetic nervous system, mediation by, 5916 Synaptic mediation, 12845 Superficial dorsal horn connectivity, 5088 Sympathetic neuron, 13019, 13603 Synaptic membrane protein, 2926 Superficial dorsal horn neuron, 6691 Sympathetic neuron development, 7569 Synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, 4442, 15551 Superior colliculus, 1784, 6580, 15213, 15630, 15910 Synapse, 517, 563, 842, 1586, 2177, 15613 Synaptic network maturation, 3419 adaptation and, 5266 ␥-aminobutyric acidergic, 8039, 11650 Synaptic output, 4930 firing pattern in, 7166 auditory, 7991 Synaptic pathology, 8805 midbrain, 5701 CA1, 11294 Synaptic phenotype, 5938, 7395 primate, 12159 calyceal, 3103 Synaptic plasticity, 23, 268, 575, 669, 1375, 1496, 1514, 1948, Superior parietal cortex, 14980 calyx of Held, 13770 6479, 7607, 10144, 11965, 13929 Superior parietal lobule, 1928, 11461 central nervous system, 3865, 11723 amygdalar, 10131 Superior parieto-occipital cortex, 4381 cerebellar, 5425 cocaine and, 12664 Superior temporal area, medial, 8936 electrical, 3431 hippocampal, 14581 Superior temporal gyrus region, 6078 embryonic, 3749 long-term, 4131, 6840 Superior temporal sulcus, activity in, 4542 excitatory, 4004, 8288 non-Hebbian, 11153 Superoxide dismutase feedback, 789 short-term, 883 manganese, 7003 feedforward, 789 in vitro, 6840 SOD1, 13850 ganglion cell, 4274 Synaptic potentiation, 11203 SOD2, 159 glutamatergic, 13401 Synaptic properties of afferent, 7815 Supplementary eye field, 591 hair cell ribbon, 10474 Synaptic pruning, 3271 Supplementary motor area, 1766 Held auditory, 7991 Synaptic representation, 14127 Suppression, 2553 hippocampal CA3, 10869 Synaptic scaling, 6479 amyloid, 4964 hippocampal mossy fiber, 5000, 5713, 8299 Synaptic stabilization, 12845 amyloid deposition, 4964 homeostatic, 5820 Synaptic strength, gradient of, 9351 autoimmune response, 3816 immature, 8299 Synaptic structure, regulation of, 7857 behavior, 3627 inhibitory, 13222 Synaptic tagging, 12167 burst, 9850 maturation and, 8039 Synaptic targeting, 4004, 8438 bystander, 3816 monitoring of, 3974 Synaptic trafficking, 12845 dominant-negative, 2845 neuromuscular, 14942 Synaptic transmission, 268, 550, 1469, 2890, 3189, 5032, 13019 neural, 3059 nicotinic, 15770 ␥-aminobutyric acid-mediated, 10416 50 • J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): Subject Index

estrogen and, 12982 Target-cell independence, 11112 Tegmental nucleus, pedunculopontine, 4858 inhibitory, 10416, 13883 Target-derived neurotrophin, 6700 Tegmentum, pontomesencephalic, 4664 mediation of, 6088, 10416 Targeted expression, 3343 Teleost, 3431 plasticity and, 12982 Targeted neuron, genetically, 6761 Telomere shortening, 14394 sensory system and, 12802 Target esterase, neuropathy, 11594 Temperament, anxious, prediction of, 9961 short-term depression of, 7797 Target interneuron, 8816 Temperature, 3120 thalamocortical, 6851 Target movement, direction of, 6353 Temperature entrainment, 8312 Synaptic transmission mutant, 414 Target/Targeting, 14855 Temperature-sensitive dynamin, 14199 Synaptic transmission phenotype, 7395 of acetylcholinesterase, 4519 Temporal area. See Middle temporal; Superior temporal Synaptic transmission stability, 6851 axon, 828, 11674 Temporal association cortex, 11924 Synaptic ubiquitin, 10909 dendrite, 13919 Temporal basis set, 4369 Synaptic vesicle, 842, 883, 4592 intermediate, 6593 Temporal coding, 334, 2355, 2486, 2626, 9227 Synaptic vesicle endocytosis, 7706 intracortical, 12542 Temporal cortex, 5494, 10335 Synaptic vesicle recycling, 3865 leptin, 14828 Temporal differentiation, 11904 Synaptic vesicle release, 14670 motoneuron, 6904 Temporal discounting, 9575 Synaptic zinc, 4004 motor area, 14223 Temporal dynamics, 3660 Synaptogenesis, 86, 328, 828, 11723 neuron, 3354 Temporal envelope, 15564 central, 10788 selective, 9301, 13919 Temporal filtering, 10264 parallel fiber, 5738 sensory area, 14223 Temporal gyrus, 6078 peripheral, 10788 spatial layout, 8032 Temporal integration, 5716 regulation of, 5738 synaptic, 4004, 8438 Temporal lobe, medial. See Medial temporal lobe suppression of, 6389 threatening, 10563 Temporal lobe epilepsy, 4430 Synaptogyrin-3, 4592 transcriptional, 8790 experimental, 5402 Synaptopodin, 1017 Task model of, 6964, 7846, 8259, 14247 Synaptotagmin, 883 antisaccade, 5516 mouse model of, 14247 Synaptotagmin-I, 7395 combined motion/force, 8784 rat model of, 7846 Synaptotoxicity, 14741 detect probability, 5793 rodent model of, 8259 Synchrony-based coding, 10463 foraging, 15104 Temporally specific control, 11732 Synchrony/Synchronization, 426, 1381, 1677, 1699, 2563, 2984, motor, 6472 Temporal order, 2676 9011 motor control, 5476 Temporal order judgment, 3182 complex spike, 14352 prosaccade, 5516 Temporal order processing, 12568 directional cross-frequency, 426 self-ordered sequencing, 6033 Temporal parietal junction, 3182, 8630 gamma-band, 9471, 12384, 12521 sequencing, 6033 Temporal pattern, 2575 large-scale firing, 5022 spatial self-ordered sequencing, 6033 Temporal pattern recognition, 9417 network, 6389 two-stimulus-interval discrimination, 7238 Temporal processing, multisensory, 12265 nucleus accumbens, 7591 unpredictable motor, 6472 Temporal rate, spectral plasticity and, 5163 phase, 7591 visual working memory, 5494 Temporal sequence, recall of, 3475 phase-resetting curve and, 5218 working memory, 8016 Temporal shift, 6722 population, 2043 Task-dependent activation, 13338 Temporal structure, 12839, 14726 regulation of, 5276 Task-dependent adaptation, 5784 Temporal sulcus, superior, activity in, 4542 transmitter release, 15770 Task reward, 4858 Temporal window, 12265 Syndapin, 13315 Task set, 3930, 12558 Temporary inactivation, 10802 Syndapin interaction, dynamin-, 7706 Task switching, 5135 Tenacity, presynaptic, 351 Synergistic interaction, 13264 Tastant, 11904 Tenascin-C, 5546, 9405 Synergy, 6580, 13264 Taste, 2654, 3354 Tensor imaging, diffusion, 1175, 3160, 4263 Syntabulin, 13019 Taste aversion, conditioned, 4056 Terminal Syntaphilin-mediated mitochondrial docking, 9429 Taste bud, 13909 axon, 3738 Syntaxin molecule, 12292 Taste-encoding neural ensemble, 15386 dopaminergic, 2948 Synthase. See Adenosine triphosphate synthase; Glycogen syn- Taste-guided decision, 11271 glutamatergic, 2948 thase; Nitric oxide synthase Taste learning, 7424 ischemic, fate of, 3974 Synthesis, 3518 Taste memory, 9219 motor nerve, 15308 brain-derived neurotrophic factor, 12764 Taste outcome representation, 15386 nerve, 14120 dopamine, 13730 Taste preference, 2654 photoreceptor, 6809 of lipoxin, 3875 Tau presynaptic, 4076, 5738, 10000 protein, 638, 2225, 6761, 9778, 14383 phosphorylation of, 2151, 9078 Terminal fragment, ␤-carboxyl, 13042 of spermidine, 9545 R406W, 14439 Terminal growth, presynaptic, 5558 Synthetic stimulus, 3374 wild type, 14439 Termination of cortical activity, 7513 Syntilla, calcium, 14120 Tau misbehavior, 5758 Testosterone, 4461 ␣-Synuclein, 1480, 13578 Tau pathology, 7957, 9665, 10741 Testosterone-induced song, 15511 Synucleinopathy, 1480 Tau stability, 12079 Testosterone treatment, adult, 7658 ␣-Synucleinopathy, 3365 Tau toxicity, 4640, 9665 Tetrapeptide release, 13042 Systemic inflammatory response, 4820 TC10-Exo70 complex, 13292 Tetraspanin expression, 11172 Systemic lipopolysaccharide, 9839 T-cell, nuclear factor of activated, 12101 Tetratricopeptide-repeat containing Rab8b interacting protein, syt-I. See Synaptotagmin-I calcineurin/NFAT, 12957 6250 NFATc4/NFAT3, 15331 Tetrodotoxin, 483, 2890 T T-cell immune response, 140 Texture signal, 11686 T-cell infiltration, 14415 Tg. See Transgenic mouse T1R3 receptor, 2654 T-cell-neuron interaction, 15397 TGF. See Transforming growth factor Tactile afferent neuron, 8022 T-cell receptor ligand, recombinant, 3816 TH. See Tyrosine hydroxylase Tactile information transmission, 11686 T-cell signaling, 12957, 14415 Thalamic afferent, 13919 Tactile spatial acuity, 15756 tDCS. See Transcranial direct current stimulation Thalamic auditory neuron, 4888 Tactile stimulus, discrimination of, 5964 Tectofugal pathway, 9602 Thalamic inhibitory feedback, 9930 Tadpole, 5032, 13945 Tectorial membrane, 1212 Thalamic input, 9127 TAG-1, 6677 Tectorin, 2581 Thalamic lesion, olfactory system and, 12059 Tagging, synaptic, 12167 Tegmental area, ventral, 2915, 3613, 13344 Thalamic motor learning, 13389 Target brain area, innervation of, 9137 Tegmental neuron, pedunculopontine, 4858 Thalamic neuron, 6013, 8847 Subject Index J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): •51

Thalamic nucleus TIRFM. See Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy massed, 10281 anterior, 3302 Tissue oxygenation, 2814 mental, 13418 anterodorsal, 493, 1061, 7815 Tissue pain, 5508, 10820 musical, 3019 intralaminar, 3302 TM. See Transmembrane domain neural system and, 13418 lateral, 3302 TMEM16b, 6809 perceptual, 12265 Thalamic progenitor identity, 4484 TMS. See Transcranial magnetic stimulation previous experience during, 9644 Thalamic T-type calcium ion channel, 4430 TN-C. See Tenascin-C spaced, 10281 Thalamic ventrobasal complex, rat, 5964 TNF. See Tumor necrosis factor Trait anxiety, prediction of, 11614 Thalamocortical circuit, basal ganglia-, 4782 Toad, dark-adapted, 5716 Trajectory Thalamocortical excitation, 9127 Tolerance, 998, 2997 embedding multiple, 13172 Thalamocortical loop, 12695 analgesic, 5295 escape, of cockroach, 7181 Thalamocortical oscillation, 8847 antinociceptive, 3551 finger, 191 Thalamocortical synaptic transmission, 6851 of morphine, 5295 Trajectory selection, limb, 5690 Thalamorecipient neuron, dendrite on, 6406 Toll-like receptor, 11982 Transciptional mechanism, 11139 Thalamus, 334, 1434, 1784, 2453, 3738. See also Hypothalamus Tolloid-like metalloproteinase, 14956 Transcranial direct current stimulation, 2648, 7271 auditory, 7359 Tomography, positron emission, 1538, 1544, 1887 Transcranial magnetic stimulation, 7679, 11134 Layer 4 and, 15479 Tone Transcranial stimulation, 5202 mouse, 4484 hyperdopaminergic, 14086 Transcript, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated, 6973 oscillation of, 6013 sum, 5832 Transcription, 2334 Theory upper, 5832 antiapoptotic, 15331 expected utility, 2231 Tone deafness, 10215 cAMP-induced gene, 12702 game, 1998 Tongue, 3354 CREB-dependent gene, 12702 Gibbon’s scalar expectancy, 14803 Tonic activation, 11294 dopamine and, 6828 information, 334 Tonic conductance, ␥-aminobutyric acid, 5116 dopamine-induced gene, 12702 prospect, 2231 Tonic current, 543, 1755 gene (See Gene transcription) Thermoregulation, 11954 Tonotopy, 2283, 6871 mediated, 4218 Thermosensation, 4808, 13945 Tool use, 4922 Transcriptional control, 6752, 7181 Theta activity, 8094 human, 11523 Transcriptional feedforward loop, 15542 Theta burst, 15836 monkey, 11523 Transcriptional maturation, 7040 Theta cycle, hippocampal, 9563 representation of, 11523 Transcriptional repression, 4189, 14652 Theta frequency stimulation, 11203 Top-down control, 1565 Transcriptional target, 8790 Theta oscillation, 898 Topographic phosphorylation, 14869 Transcription-dependent long-term potentiation, 5605 cholergic, 15375 Topography, 7111, 13158 Transcription factor, 1599, 11399 hippocampal, 15836 Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, 3328 chicken ovalbumin upstream promotor-, 12401 Theta resonance filtering, 14472 Touch, 9314 Lim-homeobox, 11377 Theta rhythm, 98, 1381 Toxin/Toxicity. See also specific type, e.g. Conotoxin MEF2D, 6700 during epileptogenesis, 5402 amyloid ␤, 6394 repressor element 1 silencing, 6296 hippocampal, 7111 amyloid ␤-mediated tau, 9665 Transcription factor activation, 12101 Theta timescale dynamics, 12597 botulinum, 4981 Transcription factor complex PTF1-J, 11139 Thickness, cortical, 2205 chimeric, 4981 Transcriptome profiling, 8927 Thorax-coxa joint, 2972 cholera, 2926 Transcytosis, 11674 Threat, 12236 glycine 33 and, 7582 Transduction, binding-gating, 3189. See also Mechanotransduc- Threatening target, 10563 pertussis, 4228 tion; Phototransduction; Signal transduction Three-dimensional shape, 727, 10613 tau, 4640, 9665 Transduction cascade, signal, 6828 Threonine-161, 3551 Trace conditioning, 8087 Transfection, 2733 Threshold regulation, 8764 control of, 4346 Transfer, gene, 13578 Threshold theory of creativity, 5319 eyeblink, 14511 Transfer function, 1006 Thrombosis, cerebral, regulation of, 5666 Trace fear conditioning, 8087 Transformation Thyroid hormone receptor, TR␤, 2581 Tracer dye input-output, 7504 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone, 3705, 4471 DiO, 9197 of polarized light information, 11783 Tiered selectivity, 12428 neuron, 9197 spatial, 9490 Tiling, 106, 14151 Tracing, 1331 Transforming growth factor ␤, 8927 Time Tractography, 1175 Transforming growth factor ␤1, 9521 marginal utility across, 9575 Traffic/Trafficking, 222, 550, 669, 1486, 3328, 15145 Transgene, 70, 1267, 1846 reaction, 5135 activity-dependent, 12845 Transgenic expression, 13929 of saccade, 13147 ␣-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid re- Transgenic mouse, 1257, 1962, 6526, 8051 Time-compressed speech, 15564 ceptor, 6320 A117V, 10072 Time course, 10416, 13344 ciliary, 10541 amyloid precursor protein-, 12636 Time-dependent formation, 8206 dopamine transporter, 6794 amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1, 14108 Time difference, interaural, 7978 endocytic, 3590 bacterial artificial chromosome, 1615 Time-domain signal processing, 7230 estrogen, 15323 NMNAT1, 6526 Time estimation, 14803 hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel, NMNAT3, 6276 Time histogram, joint poststimulus, 2384 6250 novel, 4622 Time-lapse imaging, 1300 intracellular, 2733 PDAPP, 6771 Timeless, 1152 membrane, 8539 presymptomatic 3xTg-AD, 9458 timeless, 2597 membrane protein, 14287 reticulon 3, 5108 Timescale, 6635 metabotropic glutamate receptor, 3590 serotonin neuron and, 10341 Timescale disinhibition, millisecond, 15420 neuropathic pain and, 4076 Tg2576, 4964 Timescale dynamics, theta, 12597 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, 6883 vasopressin-enhanced green fluorescent protein, 13182 Time specification, 12675 phosphorylation-dependent ciliary, 10541 Transgenic mouse model Timing of potassium channel, 5654 of Alzheimer’s disease, 9321, 10144 absence, 14383 synaptic, 12845 motor impairement in, 6132 of emotional discrimination, 14864 wild-type partnering subunit, 2845 myopathology in, 6132 spike (See Spike timing) Train, spike. See Spike train Transient amplitude, calcium, 15586 stimulus, 13302 Training Transient calcium ion, 3419, 15232 Timing-dependent plasticity, spike, 2637, 8299 behavior and, 13418 Transient dynamics, 10191 52 • J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): Subject Index

Transient focal cerebral ischemia, 7003 activity-dependent vesicular monoamine, 15878 Tuberomamillary neuron, histaminergic, excitation of, 4471 Transient focal hypoxia, 2814 adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1, 3579 Tuberous sclerosis complex, 1773 Transient receptor potential 1, 153, 743 amyloid ␤, 5463 Tuberous sclerosis complex activity, 5926 Transient receptor potential 1 ankyrin, 4808 amyloid precursor protein, 9704 Tubulin, 11043 Transient receptor potential canonical channel, 1657, 10038 amyloid precursor protein anterograde, 14534 Tubulin ␤T4, 7649 Transient receptor potential canonical channel 5, 9794 anterograde, 14534 Tufted cell, external, 2043, 11943 Transient receptor potential channel, 2371, 2654, 6088, 12919 anterograde axon, 5443 Tumor, brain, 15161 melastatin-related, 11720 axon (See Axon transport) Tumorigenesis, 11304 TRPC1, 6217 dopamine (See Dopamine transport) Tumor necrosis factor, TNF-␣, 1599, 4200 TRPC2, 2125 GABA (See ␥-Aminobutyric acid transporter) Tumor suppressor p53, 15155 TRPC5, 9794 glucose 3, 2997 Tuning, 2064 TRPC6, 6217 glutamate (See Glutamate transport) frequency, 7679, 11409 TRPM1, 11720 independent, 3565 millisecond level duration, 9255 Transient receptor potential-like channel, 6088 intraflagellar, 4065 spatiotemporal frequency, 11409 Transient receptor potential mediation, 6217 kinesin-1, 5758 spectrotemporal, 3374 Transient receptor potential melastatin, TRPM8, 3120, 3343 melanosome, 15810 Turning, growth cone. See Growth cone turning Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, 153, 4981, 10000 mitochondrial axon, 5443 Turnover, 15134 Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4, 6217 monocarboxylate, 9439 ␣-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid re- Transition neurofilament, 6625 ceptor, 4498 inhibition of, 14571 neuron, 14581 of newborn olfactory bulb neuron, 12302 mitochondrial permeability, 4420 oxygen, 1707 Turtle (Ig superfamily member), 14151 phase, 1077 peptide, 13761 Tutl. See Turtle (Ig superfamily member) sleep-to-wake, 10939 receptor, 303 TWIK-1, 8551 Transitory hindlimb paralysis, 12089 retrograde axon, 5443, 10715 Twinfilin 2, 15083 Translaminar neuron, 5088 serotonin (See Serotonin transporter) Twins, 2212, 8897 Translation tri-allelic serotonin, 10461 2A peptide, 8621 dendritic messenger ribonucleic acid, 8688 vesicular glutamate, distribution of, 4210 Two-photon imaging, 10520 local, 10184 vesicular monoamine, 15878 Two-stimulus-interval discrimination task, 7238 messenger ribonucleic acid, 13630 Transport vesicle, 14534 Tyrosine hydroxylase, 444, 1544 protein, 9042 Transsynaptic action, 9809 Tyrosine kinase A signaling, 5411 Translation-dependent long-term potentiation, 5605 Transsynaptic interaction, 10788 Tyrosine kinase B, 10131 Translation repressor, 5558 Transthyretin internalization, 3220 Tyrosine kinase B signaling, 5508 Translocation, 10281, 12636 Tranylcypromine, 987 Tyrosine kinase B.T1, 678 Transmembrane domain, 13042, 14257 Trauma, spinal cord, 15266 Tyrosine kinase-dependent activation response, 14451 Transmembrane domain TM3-TM4 loop, 2440 Traveling wave, 798 Tyrosine kinase receptor, 575 Transmembrane helix, ␤4, 8321 TREK-1, 8551 Tyrosine phosphatase, striatal-enriched protein, cleavage of, 9330 Transmembrane subunit interface, 3083 Tremor, physiological, 6616 Tyrosine phosphorylation, 9219 Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy neuroinvasion, 15445 TRH. See Thyrotropin-releasing hormone Transmission, thalamocortical synaptic, 6851 Tri-allelic serotonin transporter, 10461 U Transmission kinetics, 6320 Trigeminal neuron, 3120 Transmission mutant, synaptic, 414 Trigeminal neuropathic pain mechanism, 11161 Ubiquitin, 2151, 4322, 10909 Transmission phenotype, synaptic, 7395 Trigeminal sensory neuron, 4981 Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1, 7857 Transmission stability, synaptic, 6851 Trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis, 11161 Ubiquitin ligase PHR, 6593 Transmitter receptor, 15232 Trigeminocervical complex, 12532 Ubiquitin proteasome system, 10909 Transmitter release Triiodothyronine uptake, neuron, 9439 UBX-containing protein, 6883 asynchronous, 11112, 15770 TRIP8b. See Tetratricopeptide-repeat containing Rab8b interacting UBXD4, 6883 dendritic, 7023 protein UCH. See Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase synchronous, 15770 Tripartite purinergic modulation, 14713 UCP. See Uncoupling protein Transmitter/Transmission, 2238, 2885. See also Neurotransmitter/ Tripeptide release, 13042 Ultradian rhythm, 8198 Neurotransmission Triphosphatase. See Guanosine triphosphatase Ultra-rapid sensory response, 7599 ␥-aminobutyric acidergic, 5032, 9809 Triphosphate. See Adenosine triphosphate; Guanosine triphos- Ultra-short dopamine pathway, 10424 ␥-aminobutyric acid-mediated, 10416 phate; Inositol triphosphate UNC. See Uncoordinated family member baroreceptor signal, 11807 Triplet repeat expansion, 8752 unc-7, 5207 conditional amplifier of, 5000 Trk. See Tropomyosin-related kinase; Tyrosine kinase Uncaging, glutamate, 1017 dendritic, 7023 Trophic factor, 2167 Uncertainty, 1648, 5287 dopamine, 13344 Tropomyosin-related kinase receptor, 11674 Unconditioned fear, 6053 excitatory, 6535 TRP. See Transient receptor potential Unconditioned stimulus magnitude, 9644 glutamatergic, 7349 TRPC.SeeTransientreceptorpotentialcanonical;Transientreceptor Uncoordinated family member-7, 5207 high-fidelity, 7991 potential channel Uncoordinated family member-9, 5207 information, 2076, 11686, 15420 TRPM. See Transient receptor potential melastatin Uncoupling, 2948, 14903 inhibitory, 381, 5949 TRPV. See Transient receptor potential vanilloid Uncoupling protein 2, 14057 inhibitory synaptic, 10416, 13883 True/false memory retrieval, 8698 Unfamiliar face, motion-defined, 5336 mediation of, 6088 Truncated tyrosine kinase, 678 Uniform signal redundancy, 4675 neural, 6207 Truncation, 1987, 11226 Unilateral contraction, 6353 regulation of, 5949, 7349 Tryptophan depletion, 11993 Unisensory integration, 4897 signal, 2626 Ts1Cje mouse model, 5938 Unit. See Motor unit; Single-unit spike, conditional amplifier of, 5000 Ts65Dn mouse model, 5938 Unitary conductance, 3242, 14257 synaptic (See Synaptic transmission) TSC. See Tuberous sclerosis complex Unitary mossy fiber, 4239 tactile information, 11686 TTR. See Transthyretin Unloaded leg posture, 4109 Transplantation, motoneuron, 11761 TTX. See Tetrodotoxin Unpredictable motor task, 6472 Transplanted neural precursor, 15694 T-type calcium channel, 371, 1615, 9500 Unprovoked seizure, 3453

Transport, axon, 6625 Cav3.1, 9668 Unverricht-Lundborg disease. See Progressive myoclonus epilepsy Transport defect, 5758 inhibition of, 13106 Updating, informational, 13730 Transporter polymorphism, 10461 regulation of, 10552 Upper limb motoneuron, 4993 Transport/Transporter, 951, 1224 T-type calcium ion channel, thalamic, 4430 Upper tone, 5832 ABCG2, 5463 Tuberin, 1093 Upregulation Subject Index J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): •53

of ABCG2, 5463 Ventral frontoparietal cortex, 4392 speed of, 5716 of arginase I, 9545 Ventral hippocampus, 2857, 8633 Vision network, polarization, 4911 of glutamate transporter 1, 9239 Ventral integration, dorsal-, 5336 Visual area mediation of, 4200 Ventral intraparietal area, 5793 activity in, 7432 of nucleus accumbens signaling, 8655 Ventral mesencephalon-enriched gene, 5170 dorsomedial, connection of, 4548 Uptake, 3579, 9439 Ventral pallidum encoding, 12220 early, 6392 Urethane, 4664 Ventral premammillary nucleus, 3138, 5240 V1, 11283, 15455 Urethane anesthesia, 10600 Ventral striatal neuron, 13365 V2, 11283, 15455 Urgency-gating model, 11560 Ventral striatum, 4882 V4, 5749, 7432, 15169 Use-dependent mechanism, 2768 Ventral tegmental area, 2915, 13344 Visual awareness, 2725 U-shaped effect of dopamine receptor, 6124 dopamine neuron and, 6535 Visual behavior, subcortical, 12909 Usp14 deubiquitinating enzyme, 10909 innervation of, 3613 Visual brain response, 12321 Utility, marginal, encoding of, 9575 Ventral visual cortex, 10638, 14864 Visual cognitive style, and neural system, 3792 Utility theory, expected, 2231 Ventral visual stream, 4548 Visual cortex, 460, 2355, 9050, 14342 Utrophin, Laminin-2, dystroglycan, utrophin axis, 3908 Ventriloquism aftereffect, 13809 emotional discrimination and, 14864 Ventrobasal complex, rat, 5964 extrastriate, 7031, 8936 V Ventromedial nucleus, hypothalamic, 14828 guinea pig, 4930 Ventromedial prefrontal cortex, 1395, 2188, 4871, 7631, 11020, Layer 4, 15286 V1. See Primary visual cortex; Vasopressin receptor; Visual area; Vi- 11330, 12315 local field potential and, 11540 sual cortex Verbal cognitive style, and neural system, 3792 macaque, 7031, 8936, 11283, 11753, 13702, 15780 V2R. See Vomeronasal receptor Verbal instruction, 1766, 13255 primary (See Primary visual cortex) Vaccination, amyloid ␤, 7957 Versican V2, 7731 primate, 11149 Vacuolation, CA1 hippocampal, 7743 Vertebrate axon maintenance, 11594 ventral, 10638, 14864 Val66Met brain-derived neurotrophic factor variant, 4056 Vertebrate blood-brain barrier, 3538 Visual cortex fluctuation, 8715 Val158Met polymorphism, 10855 Vertebrate nervous system, 14663 Visual cortex lesion, 6917 Valence, affective state, 7199 Vertebrate neurulation, 11426 Visual cortex response, 13992 Validation, 9861 Vervet monkey, 2867 Visual cortical deprivation, 8960 Value comparison, 8388 Vesicle Visual cortical encoding, 7199 Value computation, 3833 carrier, 3565 Visual cortical field potential, 10120 Value representation, 7945 large dense-core, 23, 1457 Visual cue, reweighting of, 15601 Value/Valuation storage, 5193 Visual cycle, 1486 action, 7489, 11182 synaptic (See Synaptic vesicle) Visual deprivation, 2205, 13691 appetitive, 8388 transport, 14534 Visual experience, 14066 cost-benefit, 4531 Vesicle endocytosis, 7706 Visual facilitation, 13445 decision, 12315 Vesicle fusion, 10221 Visual fading, 8996 economic, 14004 Vesicle recycling, 3865, 11038 Visual feedback, 2961 effector-specific, 13524 Vesicular compartment, 5193 Visual field map, 7031 effort-based, 4531 Vesicular glutamate transporter, 4210 Visual form agnosia, 5854 encoding of, 13365 Vesicular monoamine storage, 12842 Visual function, maturation of, 6042 expected, 13465 Vesicular monoamine transporter, 15878 Visual grouping, 13210 neural correlate of, 12574 Vesicular monoamine transporter 2, 8103 Visual guidance, 6234 representation of, 12315 Vestibular asymmetry, 12477 Visual hemineglect, 6917 striatum and, 14701 Vestibular cue, reweighting of, 15601 Visual image, 8996 subjective, 15727 Vestibular hair cell, 3103, 10474 Visual imagery, 1565 Vanilloid receptor. See Transient receptor potential vanilloid Vestibular nerve, 575 Visual impairment, dystroglycan and, 13136 Variability, 11867 Vestibular nucleus, medial, 10779 Visual information, encoding of, 5671 brain structural, 2867 Vestibular signal, 8936, 12020 Visual input, 5701, 13097 of Broca’s area, 14607 VFA. See Visual form agnosia Visualization cell, 15053 VGCC. See Voltage-gated calcium channel of chemokine receptor activation, 8051 high frequency heart rate, 1817 VGF, 13377 of dopamine transporter trafficking, 6794 individual, 61 VGLUT. See Vesicular glutamate transporter genetic, 4756 of sensory response, 10600 Viagra, Alzheimer’s disease and, 8075 in vivo, 8051 Variant, splice, 371 Vibration, whisker, 11686 Visual learning, 14026 Variation, functional, 14812 Vibrissa input, 4089. See also Whisker Visually induced analgesia, 12125 Vascular endothelial growth factor, 3 Vibrotactile stimulus, 10950 Visual motion, 3981, 15126 Vascular endothelial growth factor-A, 4356 VIP. See Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide Visual motion perception, 15126 Vascular endothelial growth factor expression, neuron, 8493 Viral burden, 8429 depression and, 14381 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1, 3, 8704 Viral model of multiple sclerosis, 10272, 15353 enhancement of, 9072 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, 4356 Viral vector Visual neuron, 13815 Vascular endothelium, 3538 adeno-associated, 1544, 1897 Visual pathway, 13672 Vascular protection, 4356 recombinant adeno-associated, 1544 developing, 1126 Vasculature-derived brain-derived neurotrophic factor, 4172 retrograde, 12855 subcortical, 6336 Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, 1670 Virus, 1312 Visual perception, 13147 Vasopressin, arginine, 13182 adeno-associated, 179, 1257, 3365 perisaccadic, 10160 Vasopressin-enhanced green fluorescent protein, 13182 recombinant adeno-associated, 1257 prediction of, 7869 Vasopressin receptor, V1b, 2676 Visceral afferent, cranial, 12886 Visual pigment, 7519 VB. See Ventrobasal Visceral pain, 743, 1554 Visual processing, 2768, 9987 VBM. See Voxel-based morphometry Visceral sensory neuron, 7246 Visual receptive field, 10520 VCX-A protein, 12419 Viscosity, membrane, 2926 Visual salience, 8016 VDCC. See Voltage-gated calcium channel Vision, 460, 1688 Visual selectivity, 1565 Vector, viral. See Viral vector color, 2666 Visual sensation, referred, 8960 Vector cell, boundary, 9771 gaze shift and, 7723 Visual short-term memory, 7432, 8032 VEGF. See Vascular endothelial growth factor night, 5716 Visual space coding, 11841 Velocity, conduction, 8363. See also Speed pain and, 12125 Visual stimulus, 3182 Ventral cortex, visual, 11421 reptile, 7519 flashed, 11055 Ventral frequency gradient, dorsal-, 7625 snake, 7519 salient, 15169 54 • J. Neurosci., December 2009 • 29(1): Subject Index

stationary, 11055 Waking, prolonged, 11698 visual, 5494 Visual stream, 1928, 4548 Walk, random, 1300 Working memory maintenance, 15258 Visual system, primate, 15455 Walking cat, 9396 Working memory task, 8016 Visual ventral cortex, 11421 Walking system, 2972 Visual working memory, 5494 Wallerian degeneration, 653, 3160, 6276 Visuomotor adaptation, 15053 Water diffusion, abnormal, 3508 X Vitamin A, 1486 Water maze, 1977 X-11 knock-out mouse, 5884 vmPFC. See Ventromedial prefrontal cortex Wave. See also Slow-wave X-11-like protein deficiency, 5884 Vocalization, 334, 1034, 2064 propagating, 811, 10254 X-cell, 2467 conspecific, 3011, 6769 retinal, 1077 Xenobiotic exclusion, 3538 Vocal learning, 4782 sharp, 2563 Xenopeltis unicolor, 7519 Volitional control, 8177 traveling, 798 Xenopus laevis, 1163, 13945 Voltage-activated potassium channel, large-conductance calcium Weighted averaging, 13302 Xenopus oocyte, 907 ion and, 8321 Weighting Xenopus skeleton, 12477 Voltage and calcium ion-activated potassium channel, 2581 probability, 2231 Xenopus tadpole, 5032, 13945 Voltage dependence, 15414 sensory, 5476 X-linked mental retardation. See Fragile X syndrome Voltage-gated calcium channel Weight loss, 11550

Cav1.2 L-type, 15660 Whisker, 964. See also Vibrissa Cav1.3, 15414 Whisker stimulation, rhythmic, 5326 Y Cav3.1 T-type, 9668 Whisker vibration, 11686 L-type, 9534 White matter, 2212, 6229, 10461 Y-cell, 2467 Voltage-gated calcium ion influx, 6663 White matter brain microstructure, 8698 Yeast artificial chromsome, 10928 Voltage-gated current, 5411 White matter difference, 8698 Y-like ganglion cell, 5048 Voltage-gated ion channel, 8452 White matter pathway, 6229 Voltage-gated potassium channel Whole-body pointing, 191 Z Kv1, 3120 Whole-cell patch clamp recording, 2733 Kv3.3, 15735 Whole-cell recording, 2762, 13030 Zebrafish, 234, 1343, 2322, 2762, 6780, 15073 Kv4.2, 3242 Widely branching interneuron, 8595 camouflage in, 8408 Kv7/KCNQ, 13353 Wild-type partnering subunit trafficking, 2845 larval, 13566 Kv7/M, 11098 Wild-type SPT1 serine palmitoyltransferase, 14646 Zebrafish cerebellum, stem cell in, 6142 neuron, 3242 Wild-type tau, 14439 Zebrafish development, 13566 Voltage-gated sodium channel Williams syndrome, 1132 Zebrafish locomotion, 10387

Nav1.6, 2733 WIN55,212–2, 1554 Zebrafish olfactory pathway, 4756 ␣ Nav , 10350 Window, temporal, 12265 Zebrafish optic nerve, 6607, 15489 ␤ Nav 4, 2027 Wing expansion, 3343 Zebrafish retina, 15178 Voltage imaging, 2654, 6897 Winner-take-all mechanism, 7497 Zeste, 1525 Voltammetry, in vivo, 1735 Withdrawal, 12244 ZHX2. See Zinc-finger and homeodomain protein 2 Volume, cerebral blood, 3036 alchohol, 5389 Zic4, 13672 Voluntary fingertip force, 8784 barbituate, 11662 Zinc, 1105, 4004 Voluntary memory suppression, 2742 cocaine, 2876 Zinc-finger and homeodomain protein 2, 7404 Voluntary motor output, 11708 and drug abuse, 5389 Zinc-finger factor 9, 9042 Voluntary nicotine consumption, 10410 early, 3738 Zinc ion release, 2890 Vomeronasal function, surgical disruption of, 7658 morphine, 12244 Zinc-sensing receptor, 2890 Vomeronasal organ, 206 nicotine, 3014 ZNF9. See Zinc-finger factor 9 Vomeronasal receptor 2a interneuron, 7098 prolonged, 6955 ZO. See Zonula occludens Vomeronasal sensory neuron axon, 14211 protracted, 5389 Zolpidem withdrawal, 11662 Voxel-based morphometry, 9661 Wnt5a, 5873, 7569 Zone VTA. See Ventral tegmental area Wnt5a signaling, 5873 active (See Active zone) Vulnerability, selective neuron, 13929 Wnt5 signaling, 4972 anterior subventricular, 2902 Working memory, 765, 1052, 1224, 1267, 3059, 9481, 13730, cingulate, 7489 W 14980 marginal, 1300 activity and, 14463 rostral cingulate, 7489 Wakefulness, 3705 attentional capture and, 8726 subependymal, 1874 control of, 14423 long-lasting, 9396 subventricular, 2510, 2902, 7649 induced, 2663 spatial, 3259, 4690 Zonula occludens-1, 6266