Water Supply of Cowl Bazaarin Alandur Taluk, Kancheepuram District – a Spatial Outlook for Sustainability
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3) ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X WATER SUPPLY OF COWL BAZAARIN ALANDUR TALUK, KANCHEEPURAM DISTRICT – A SPATIAL OUTLOOK FOR SUSTAINABILITY E. Grace Selvarani1, Dr.P. Sujatha2 1Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Bharathi Women’s College, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail: [email protected] 2Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Bharathi Women’s College, Tamil Nadu, India. ABSTRACT Water is one such substance without which we cannot imagine our life next to oxygen; it is the base of our survival and it’s important to use it wisely.“Water is at the foundation of sustainable development as it is the common denominator of all global challenges.” - UN Water. The present study is to show the distribution of water sources, to identify the issues related with water to the consuming population and, to show the distribution of water supply for the consuming population; The water supply of ‘Cowl Bazaar’ from ‘Alandur Taluk’ has been chosen for this study. Both the spatial and non- spatial analysis from Primary and Secondary data, have been derived with the help of GIS and SPSS tools for this study. Keywords: Water Sources, Wells, Tank, Population, Water Supply, Water Consumers, Water Sustainability. I. INTRODUCTION Throughout the human history, water has always been considered as an essential commodity for human welfare and economic development. Next to oxygen, water is an essential requirement for survival of life on this earth. It is a prime natural resource and has been declared as a precious national asset. Water is one of the abundantly available substances in the nature which men have exploiting more than any other resources for the sustenance of life. Water of good quality is required for living organisms. Heavy exploitation due to the international changes anddemandsfor multiple use of increasing population followed by major advances in geological knowledge, well drilling, pump technology and rural electrification, which for most regions dated from the 1950s (Foster et al. 2000)make water management a difficult task. In India with exploding population, weak economy and several social issues such as disputes over Trans-boundary Rivers, resettlement and rehabilitation issues during project implementation, corruption and vested political and regional interests Water management is more difficult to manage. With the increase in population, reliable water is becoming a scarce resource. The principal source of water for India is the southwest monsoon. Availability of safe drinking water is inadequate. Specifically, growing demand across competitive sectors, increasing droughts, declining water quality, particularly of groundwater, and unabated flooding, inter-state river disputes, growing financial crunch, inadequate institutional reforms and enforcement are some of the crucial problems faced by the country’s water sector. According to John Flavin,Professional Geologist and Engineer Advisor (2011-present), United States., there are five sources of water supply. They are Oceans and Seas, Glaciers or Ice melt, Rain Water, Surface water and Ground water. 1.1 Source of Water Supply –Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu is predominantly a shield area with 73% of the area covered under hard crystalline formations while the remaining 27% comprises of unconsolidated sedimentary formations. As far as groundwater resource is www.turkjphysiotherrehabil.org 2821 Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3) ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X concerned scarcity is the major problem in hard rock environment while salinity is the problem in sedimentary areas. Tamil Nadu’s, source of water supple is based on Rainfall- which is, More or less, 33 % of this is from the southwest monsoon and 48 % from the northeast monsoon and on an average, the rainfall in this state is 960mm; Surface Water Potential- of the river basinswhich is assessed as 24160 MCM;and Ground Water Level- Which has seen its own fluctuations from the TWDB data available is listed below: Source: TWDB Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing & Management Review Vol.1 No. 3, November 2012 states, Modern India is no exception – the widespread development of private wells that accounts for groundwater becoming the primary source of water today has also been furtive in nature, in that it has happened mostly outside the knowledge and control of governments. Groundwater has therefore been invisible not only physically, but also institutionally, as a critical resource literally underpinning millions of lives and livelihoods in the country. II. STUDY AREA 2.1 Location Alandur Taluk with the latitude of 13.0025 and the longitude of 80.20611, is the highest populated area (680852) in the Kancheepuram District with no rural area identified in it. According to Census, this region comprises of, 4 Municipalities (Alandur, Pallavaram, Anakaputhur and Pammal), 3 Town Panchayats (Nandambakkam, Thruneermalai and Meenambakkam), 1 Cantonment Board (St. Thomas Mount – Pallavaram), 3 Census Towns (Polichalur, Tirusulam and Moovarasampettai) and 1 Out Grown Area(Cowl Bazaar) (Ref Map No: 2.1 &2.2). www.turkjphysiotherrehabil.org 2822 Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3) ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X Map No: 2.1 Map No: 2.2 And the Out Growth Area “Cowl Bazaar” has the lowest population in the whole of Alandur Taluk with 2784 people in it (Ref Map No: 2.3&2.4). Map No: 2.3 Map No: 2.4 Households by Source of Drinking Water at Cowl Bazaar Source: CGWB Map No: 2.5 Map No: 2.6 70.00% 18.00% 60.00% 16.00% Ground Water for Water Usage 14.00% 50.00% Drinking for drinking 12.00% 40.00% 10.00% 30.00% 8.00% 20.00% 6.00% 10.00% 4.00% 2.00% 0.00% 0.00% tap water tap water covered well uncovered from treated from well source untreated source Fig. 2.1. (Source: Census 2011)Fig. 2.2. (Source: Census 2011) According to the census of 2011, Alandur Taluk which has 172733 household (ref. Map No:2.4), depend on tap water from treated source in 61.01 %, then 10.67% use tap water from untreated source whereas,4.03% use uncovered well and 2.24 % use covered well for drinking purpose.And, nearly 22% of household, depend on direct ground water for drinking. 2.98% use handpump, 15.63% use tubewell, 9.19 use spring, 0.46% use river/canal, 0.15% use tank/pond and 2.64% depend on other sources for drinking. www.turkjphysiotherrehabil.org 2823 Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3) ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X III. AIM& OBJECTIVES 3.1 Aim The main aim of this paper is to find out the distribution of theavailable source of Water resource, in the area and its efficient usage level. 3.2 Objectives 1 To show the distribution of water source 2 To identify the issues related with water to the consuming population 3 To show the distribution of water supply to the consuming people. IV. METHODOLOGY Both Secondary and Primary data has been adopted to fulfill the aim and objectives of the present study framed. Out of 13 administrative boundary divisions, The Out Growth Area ‘Cowl Bazaar’ has been randomly selected on the basis of (lowest) total population. Totally, 250 survey (scheduled questioner) samples was been collected from the study area for this present study to show the water supply in this region. And Secondary Datas from Ground Water department, Taramani; TWAB and CWDB were been used. The Data has been converted in to Spatial and non-Spatial Datas usingGIS tools and Statistical Tools. The opinion collected from the general public of the Cowl Bazar area is analyzed using percentage analysis, t test. The t test is performed using SPSS, and the interpretations are drawn. V. THE FINDINGS OF SPATIAL ANALYSIS 5.1 Distribution of Total Population (Ref Map No: 2.3) Interpretation According to census 2011, Alandur Taluk is the highest populated area with a population of 680852. In which,Cowl Bazaar has 2784. 5.2 Distribution of Household (Ref Map No: 2.4) Interpretation According to census 2011, Alandur Taluk has 172733 household. In which,Cowl Bazaar has, 720households. 5.3 Distribution of Water Sources on Ground and Underground (Ref Map No: 2.5) Interpretation Alandur Taluk shows sparsely distributed with potential water sources on ground and underground. 5.4 Distribution of Water Needed for Drinking www.turkjphysiotherrehabil.org 2824 Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3) ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X Map No: 5.4 Interpretation According to World Health Organisation, in general a human being needs 3.7 liters/day. Accordingly, Alandur Taluk,needs, 2509881.7 liters/day when we calculate with the total population in the Alandur Taluk Division. 5.5 Distribution of Water Needed for all Purpose Map No: 5.5 Interpretation According to World Health Organisation, in general a human being needs minimum of 15 liters/day. Accordingly, Alandur Taluk,needs, 10212780 liters/day when we calculate the 15 liters with the total population in the Alandur Taluk Division. 5.6 Distribution of Water Storage Capacity Map No: 5.6 Interpretation Alandur Taluk in total has 12065 liters of storage capacity in it according to the census of 2011. The St.Thomas Mount – Pallavaram Cantonment areas has 21.5% of storing capacity and is the highest among the all divisions in the storage capacity. www.turkjphysiotherrehabil.org 2825 Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3) ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X 5.7 The Gap between the Demand and the Service Map No: 5.7 Interpretation While calculating the ranks of the required amount of water with the water capacity, the study area has high demand and low supply as this region does not have a water overhead storage tank specifically for them. VI.