Dr. Robert (Bob) Kelley, 1937-2006 by Joe Browder Lighted Him
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Wilderness on the Edge: a History of Everglades National Park
Wilderness on the Edge: A History of Everglades National Park Robert W Blythe Chicago, Illinois 2017 Prepared under the National Park Service/Organization of American Historians cooperative agreement Table of Contents List of Figures iii Preface xi Acknowledgements xiii Abbreviations and Acronyms Used in Footnotes xv Chapter 1: The Everglades to the 1920s 1 Chapter 2: Early Conservation Efforts in the Everglades 40 Chapter 3: The Movement for a National Park in the Everglades 62 Chapter 4: The Long and Winding Road to Park Establishment 92 Chapter 5: First a Wildlife Refuge, Then a National Park 131 Chapter 6: Land Acquisition 150 Chapter 7: Developing the Park 176 Chapter 8: The Water Needs of a Wetland Park: From Establishment (1947) to Congress’s Water Guarantee (1970) 213 Chapter 9: Water Issues, 1970 to 1992: The Rise of Environmentalism and the Path to the Restudy of the C&SF Project 237 Chapter 10: Wilderness Values and Wilderness Designations 270 Chapter 11: Park Science 288 Chapter 12: Wildlife, Native Plants, and Endangered Species 309 Chapter 13: Marine Fisheries, Fisheries Management, and Florida Bay 353 Chapter 14: Control of Invasive Species and Native Pests 373 Chapter 15: Wildland Fire 398 Chapter 16: Hurricanes and Storms 416 Chapter 17: Archeological and Historic Resources 430 Chapter 18: Museum Collection and Library 449 Chapter 19: Relationships with Cultural Communities 466 Chapter 20: Interpretive and Educational Programs 492 Chapter 21: Resource and Visitor Protection 526 Chapter 22: Relationships with the Military -
Relationships with the Military
Chapter 22: Relationships with the Military From the Seminole Wars to the present day, South Florida has been the scene of military and paramilitary operations.1039 Between the park’s authorization and es- tablishment, the U.S. beefed up its military presence in South Florida both before and after the nation entered World War II. The issue of the effects of military overflights on park values, therefore, was present from before the park’s establishment in 1947. That event coincided with the onset of the Cold War between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, ensuring that a substantial military presence would remain in South Florida. As the nation’s only subtropical region, the Everglades emerged as a favored place to test jungle warfare technologies. In the 1960s, as Cuba drew closer to the Soviet Union, the Cold War affected Everglades National Park in a surprising number of ways, reach- ing a crescendo during the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962, which had a long aftermath. During World War II, the U.S. military greatly expanded its presence in Florida and other areas of the South where cold weather was less likely to interfere with its operations. On the park’s doorstep, the U.S. Army Air Force operated Homestead Air Field from 1942 until the end of the war. There had been a naval base at Key West since the 1820s; seaplanes were stationed there from 1917; and Naval Air Station Key West was established in 1940. The Navy established Naval Air Station Miami at Opa Locka Airport in 1939. -
Chapter 9: Water Issues, 1970 to 1992: the Rise of Environmentalism and the Path to the Restudy of the C&SF Project
Chapter 9: Water Issues, 1970 to 1992: The Rise of Environmentalism and the Path to the Restudy of the C&SF Project Several Florida environmental controversies that unfolded in the 1960s and 1970s profoundly affected the climate in which Everglades National Park operated. Some of these struggles played out in nearby areas like the Big Cypress Swamp, while others took place some distance away in North Florida. The cumulative effect of these con- troversies was to raise environmental awareness in the state and add substantially to the number of people who cared about and advocated for Everglades National Park. This interest in the environment was part of a larger national trend that politicians were beginning to respond to. Some of this broader background will be briefly consid- ered before the narrative returns to Everglades National Park’s water issues. Historians agree that environmentalism became a force to be reckoned with in the United States in the 1960s. The post-World-War-II economic boom brought with it a host of unforeseen consequences, like air and water pollution and the widespread conversion of open space to factories, roads, and residential subdivisions. Concern over the degradation of the environment moved from scientific and academic circles to the general public in the 1960s. Many credit Rachel Carson’s 1962 best-seller Silent Spring with introducing the concept of environmentalism to a broad public. Carson’s book focused on the devastating effects on bird reproduction of the use of persistent pesticides like DDT (dicholoro-diphenyl-trichloroethane), but it had a broader mes- sage. In forceful and eloquent prose, Carson called for a rethinking of the whole con- cept of human control of nature. -
Tequesta: the Journal of Historymiami Museum
The Journal of HistoryMiami Museum LXXVIII (78) 2018 The Journal of HistoryMiami Museum Number LXXVIII (78) 2018 Cover—Fowey Rocks Light, within Biscayne National Park. Kirsten Hines, photographer. © Kirsten Hines, http://www.KirstenNatureTravel.com. 3 Tequesta The Journal of HistoryMiami Museum Editor Paul S. George, Ph.D. Managing Editor Rebecca A. Smith Number LXXVIII (78) 2018 Contents Trustees.................................................................................4 Editor’s Foreword .................................................................5 A History of Southern Biscayne Bay and its National Park J a es . u s la a d i s e i es ..................................8 Wrecking Rules: Florida’s First Territorial Scrum J a es il h m a .................................................................58 El Jardin: the Story behind Miami’s Modern Mediterranean Masterpiece I r is u z m a ola a.........................................................106 Stars and Tropical Splendor: The Movie Palaces of Greater Miami, 1926-1976 R o e t o is e es .......................................................... 132 Memberships and Donations ........................................... 174 About T e u es a ..................................................................175 © Copyright 2018 by the Historical Association of Southern Florida 4 Tequesta LXXVIII HistoryMiami Museum Historical Association of Southern Florida, Inc. Founded 1940—Incorporated 1941 Trustees Michael Weiser, Chairman John Shubin, Vice Chairman Etan Mark, -
Douglas Edge Murie and the American Conservation Movement
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2002 Women for the Wild: Douglas Edge Murie and the American conservation movement. Mary Anne Peine The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Peine, Mary Anne, "Women for the Wild: Douglas Edge Murie and the American conservation movement." (2002). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 4757. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/4757 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Maureen and Mike MANSFIELD LIBRARY The University of Montana Permission is granted by the author to reproduce this material in its entirety, provided that this material is used for scholarly purposes and is properly cited in published works and reports. **Please check "Yes" or "No" and provide signature Yes, I grant permission ^ No, I do not grant permission _________ Author's Signature: Kj\A(AAA/j A AvIaX Date: 2*4; 2 002._______ Any copying for commercial purposes or financial gain may be undertaken only with the author's explicit consent. 8/98 Women for the Wild: Douglas, Edge, Murie and the American Conservation Movement by Mary Anne Peine B.A. University of Tennessee 1997 presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science The University of Montana April 2002 Approved by: Donald Snow, Chair Dean, Graduate School Date UMI Number: EP40221 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. -
Marjory Stoneman Douglas Douglas Thought Differently
Biography STRATEGIES & SKILLS Comprehension ELL Vocabulary Strategy: Ask and Answer encouraged, expand, preserve Questions Marjory Stoneman Skill: Problem and Solution Content Standards Science Douglas Vocabulary Life Science export, glistening, influenced, GUARDIAN OF THE EVERGLADES landscape, native, plantations, restore, urged BY JANE KELLEY Word Count: 1,828** Photography Credit: (bkgd) Digital Vision/Punchstock, (tr) Orlando Sentinel/Tribune News Service/Getty Images **The total word count is based on words in the running text and headings only. Numerals and words in captions, labels, diagrams, charts, and sidebars are not included. mheducation.com/prek-12 Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education, including, but not limited to, network storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Send all inquiries to: McGraw-Hill Education Two Penn Plaza New York, New York 10121 ISBN: 978-0-02-118775-1 MHID: 0-02-118775-4 PAIRED Printed in the United States of America. The Story of the Tree Musketeers READ 8 9 10 11 12 DOC 22 21 20 19 18 E Genre Biography Introduction Essential Question The Everglades are an area of southern Florida. Early What impact do our actions have on our world? English settlers called this area the Everglades because the glades, or grassy places, seemed to go on forever. Water flows all across the area. The ground is too wet for planting crops or building houses. Most people looked at the landscape and Marjory Stoneman thought it was a useless swamp. -
Chapter 13: Marine Fisheries, Fisheries Management, and Florida Bay
Chapter 13: Marine Fisheries, Fisheries Management, and Florida Bay South Florida waters have been attractive to fishermen for millennia. Some mar- ket fishing by boats from Cuba began in the eighteenth century. Commercial fishing became more viable after 1900 when sources of ice for preserving the catch became more reliable. Well-heeled sportfishermen, mostly from the North, began taking trips to the Everglades region in the 1870s, frequently hiring locals as guides. By the time Everglades National Park was authorized in 1934, both sport and commercial fishing were well established in Florida Bay and along the Gulf Coast. The dividing line be- tween sport and commercial fishermen was not always sharp. Many individual fish- ermen and the captains who guided them were in the habit of selling excess fish to fish house operators. Although they would surely represent themselves as sportsmen, when they sold part of their catch, these individuals were entering the commercial market. Operations by commercial fishermen in park waters proved to be one of the most contentious issues in Everglades National Park’s history. During the campaign for the park’s authorization, NPS officials came to understand that Monroe County interests would adamantly oppose the park unless given adequate assurances that com- mercial fishing could continue. The Service provided public assurances to commercial fishermen while internally acknowledging that restrictions on fishing would very likely be necessary in the future. To further natural resource management goals, park manag- ers gradually established limitations, culminating in a total ban on commercial fishing and bag limits for sportfishermen, which became effective January 1, 1986.667 Early NPS Assurances to Fishermen Park Service officials in the 1930s were quick to assure South Floridians that sportfishing was a long-accepted recreational pastime in national parks and would be permitted in the proposed Everglades National Park. -
CHAPTER FOURTEEN Searching for Consensus: Sustainability and the Move Towards Everglades Restoration
CHAPTER FOURTEEN Searching for Consensus: Sustainability and the Move Towards Everglades Restoration As the South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Task Force coordinated federal activities regarding Everglades restoration, the Clinton administration, embracing the principle of sustainable development, made overtures to Florida’s powerful sugar industry in order to gain its support of restoration efforts. These endeavors accorded with President Clinton’s belief in the necessity of balance to resolve environmental disputes. Just as he demonstrated at his vaunted Forest Summit in Portland, Oregon, in April 1993, Clinton’s aim in South Florida was to create common ground by persuading all sides to relinquish a little, end the fighting without declaring winners or losers, and move forward with a new consensus. Much to the discomfort of many environmentalists, this meant bringing Big Sugar into the circle. President Clinton’s environmental team had good reasons for wanting to work constructively with the sugar industry. Beyond the immediate goal of ending the litigation and clearing the way for cleanup to proceed, the Clinton team wanted to secure Big Sugar’s philosophical and financial commitment to a long term ecosystem restoration plan. Such promises would ensure that growers made genuine progress in developing Best Management Practices (BMPs) aimed at reducing phosphorus levels in agricultural runoff; no one was in a better position than the industry itself to conduct research and development on the effects of farming on the natural ecosystem. Securing commitments would also ease the burden on federal and state coffers, and would create real, long range business incentives for the adoption of BMPs.1 According to Clinton administration officials, sugarcane growers had much to gain by supporting the restoration effort. -
Let Florida Be Green: Women, Activism, and the Environmental Century, 1900-2000
LET FLORIDA BE GREEN: WOMEN, ACTIVISM, AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CENTURY, 1900-2000 By LESLIE KEMP POOLE A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2012 1 © 2012 Leslie Kemp Poole 2 To my husband, Michael, and sons, Blake and Preston, who joined me on this long journey and kept me on the path; and to Clara Dommerich, Lucy Worthington Blackman, Katherine Bell Tippetts, and the other “forgotten” Florida women who deserve the thanks of every Floridian for their passion and dedication. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the guidance of Dr. Jack E. Davis. His insight and enthusiasm for revealing the agency of women in Florida’s environmental movement has been priceless and his close, challenging scrutiny of my work has vastly improved it. Dr. Vassiliki “Betty” Smocovitis opened my eyes to the wonders of women and science and patiently guided me through important dissertation topics, and Dr. Paul Ortiz welcomed my recorded interviews into the University of Florida’s Samuel Proctor Oral History Program, where they will be available for future researchers. Many thanks to my committee members, Dr. Louise Newman and Prof. Alyson Flournoy, for their valuable insights about women’s strategies and tactics. Also at UF, Dr. Steven Noll has encouraged me and shared his keen understanding of Florida environmental history, particularly of the Cross-Florida Barge Canal; Florence Turcotte offered wonderful direction at the UF archives; and Dr. Margaret “Peggy” MacDonald willingly shared her research about Marjorie Harris Carr that is incorporated into this document. -
Remaking Identity, Landscape and Belonging in the Florida Everglades Rebecca I
Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 3-26-2013 Sociocultural Complexities of Ecosystem Restoration: Remaking Identity, Landscape and Belonging in the Florida Everglades Rebecca I. Garvoille Florida International University, [email protected] DOI: 10.25148/etd.FI13042213 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Garvoille, Rebecca I., "Sociocultural Complexities of Ecosystem Restoration: Remaking Identity, Landscape and Belonging in the Florida Everglades" (2013). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 841. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/841 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida SOCIOCULTURAL COMPLEXITIES OF ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION: REMAKING IDENTITY, LANDSCAPE AND BELONGING IN THE FLORIDA EVERGLADES A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in GLOBAL AND SOCIOCULTURAL STUDIES by Rebecca I. Garvoille 2013 © Copyright 2013 by Rebecca I. Garvoille All rights reserved. iii DEDICATION I dedicate my dissertation to my parents and to our home, Lost Horizon Farm, for sparking my intense interest in working landscapes and environmental conservation. Thank you for your unwavering support throughout my intellectual journey. I also dedicate my dissertation to my husband, Mike, for his endless patience and his enduring willingness to accompany me into the field with a smile. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am indebted to my committee members for accompanying me on this intellectual journey, and for always encouraging me to be a better and more insightful scholar.