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Marjory Stoneman Douglas Douglas Thought Differently Biography STRATEGIES & SKILLS Comprehension ELL Vocabulary Strategy: Ask and Answer encouraged, expand, preserve Questions Marjory Stoneman Skill: Problem and Solution Content Standards Science Douglas Vocabulary Life Science export, glistening, influenced, GUARDIAN OF THE EVERGLADES landscape, native, plantations, restore, urged BY JANE KELLEY Word Count: 1,828** Photography Credit: (bkgd) Digital Vision/Punchstock, (tr) Orlando Sentinel/Tribune News Service/Getty Images **The total word count is based on words in the running text and headings only. Numerals and words in captions, labels, diagrams, charts, and sidebars are not included. mheducation.com/prek-12 Copyright © 2014 McGraw-Hill Education All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education, including, but not limited to, network storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Send all inquiries to: McGraw-Hill Education Two Penn Plaza New York, New York 10121 ISBN: 978-0-02-118775-1 MHID: 0-02-118775-4 PAIRED Printed in the United States of America. The Story of the Tree Musketeers READ 8 9 10 11 12 DOC 22 21 20 19 18 E Genre Biography Introduction Essential Question The Everglades are an area of southern Florida. Early What impact do our actions have on our world? English settlers called this area the Everglades because the glades, or grassy places, seemed to go on forever. Water flows all across the area. The ground is too wet for planting crops or building houses. Most people looked at the landscape and Marjory Stoneman thought it was a useless swamp. Writer and environmentalist Marjory Stoneman Douglas Douglas thought differently. Douglas thought the Everglades had a rich RGLADES GUARDIAN OF THE EVE variety of life. She wrote that the Everglades were, “unique … in the simplicity, the diversity, the related harmony of the BY JANE KELLEY forms of life they enclose.” Douglas described the beauty of the Everglades: “The miracle of the light pours over the green and brown expanse of saw grass and of water, shining and slow-moving below …” Introduction ................................. 2 Chapter 1 Early Life..................................... 3 MedioImages/PunchStock Chapter 2 A River of Grass............................... 7 Chapter 3 This area of grassland Fighting On ................................. 10 in the Everglades Conclusion.................................. 14 National Park is called a freshwater prairie. Respond to Reading ......................... 15 grass PAIRED READ The Story of the Tree Musketeers .... 16 Glossary/Index .............................. 19 Digital Vision/Punchstock Digital Focus on Science..................... 20 2 CHAPTER ONE In 1908, Marjory attended Wellesley College. She was happy to be with other young women who also liked books. In her Early Life senior year, Marjory was editor of the college yearbook. She was the class orator because she was good at giving speeches. Marjory Stoneman Douglas did not grow up in Florida. However, she influenced many people’s perspectives about the Everglades through her writing. Marjory was born in Minneapolis on April 7, 1890. She spent most of her childhood with her mother’s family in Massachusetts. Marjory liked to visit libraries and discover things in books. She read every book she could find. Marjory did not realize it then, but she was acquiring skills to conduct research. Later in life, she would use these skills as a writer. Marjory attended Wellesley College in Massachusetts. Language But is a Marjory graduated from college in 1912. At that time, Detective conjunction. women were not encouraged to have careers. Marjory wanted What does it do? to be a writer, but she did not think she could earn a living as a writer. So Marjory worked at a department store in Newark, New Jersey. She taught grammar and math to the sales clerks. This photograph was taken when Marjory was Marjory married Kenneth Douglas in 1914. The marriage one and a half years old. ended in 1915, and Marjory moved to Miami, Florida, where her father lived. In Other Words make money to live on. En español, earn a living quiere decir ganar suficiente dinero. (cr) Courtesy of Special Collections, University of Miami Libraries, Coral Gables, Florida, Florida, Gables, Coral of Miami University Courtesy Libraries, of Special Collections, (cr) Vision/Punchstock (t) Digital McDonald, and Company/Janice Wetzel (b) McDonald and Company/Janice Wetzel Globe/Getty Boston L Ryan/The (b) Images, (t) David 3 4 Marjory Douglas’s father, After World War I, Douglas returned to Miami in 1920. Frank Stoneman, was editor- The population of Miami had quadrupled. The city needed in-chief of The Miami Herald to expand to provide land for all the new people. Developers newspaper. He hired her to decided that the Everglades was a good place. They dug canals write the society column to drain the wetlands. Building in the Everglades would in the newspaper. Douglas destroy the native animals and plants, such as alligators, liked her new job. Her father egrets, mangroves, and sawgrass. told her about his wish to Douglas had become the assistant editor of The Miami preserve Miami’s older Herald newspaper. She wrote a weekly column about important neighborhoods and the social issues, such as decent living conditions for people and Everglades, an area women’s rights. Douglas wrote about the Everglades and urged to make it a national park. Then the area would be protected. outside Miami. Marjory Douglas’s father, When World War I Frank Stoneman, hired her to started, Douglas quit her write for The Miami Herald. job at the newspaper and worked for the Red Cross in Draining the wetlands Europe to contribute to the war effort. Douglas wrote about McDonald and Company/Janice Wetzel B/iStock/Getty Images Plus/Getty(bc) Mathy (b) Images, affected the animals and the work that the Red Cross was doing. She urged people to plants living there. support the Red Cross’s efforts. Douglas saw the plight of refugees who were forced to leave their homes after the war. As a result, she was always sympathetic to people in trouble. alligator Language And is a conjunction. Detective What does it do? mangrove STOP AND CHECK What did Douglas write about in her (tr) University of Miami Libraries, (b) Wetzel and Company/Janice McDonald and Company/Janice Wetzel (b) of Miami(tr) University Libraries, newspaper column? 5 6 CHAPTER TWO Hervey Allen was editing books about great rivers. Douglas suggested writing a book about the Everglades instead of the A River of Grass Miami River. Allen agreed. Douglas immediately got down to business. She decided to include In addition to editing the newspaper and writing her the history of the Native column, Douglas also started campaigns to help people. One Americans who lived in the campaign provided milk to poor families in Miami. Everglades and discuss the In 1924, Douglas quit geology of the area. dugout her job at the newspaper canoe beak She interviewed many and concentrated on writing people to learn more about short stories. She sold her feathers the region. When she was stories to magazines. Some of This Seminole man rowed talking with a hydrologist, a dugout canoe through the stories were about social she described the Everglades the Everglades in 1921. issues. Her story “Plumes” was as a glistening “river about birds that were killed to of grass.” provide feathers for hats. In her book, called The Everglades: River of Grass, Douglas Although she won awards described the Everglades as a very special place in the world: for her stories, sometimes it This great egret lives in There are no other Everglades in the world. They was difficult to earn a living. the Everglades. are… one of the unique regions of the earth… Nothing Then in 1941, Douglas’s friend anywhere else is like them; their vast glittering Hervey Allen asked her to write a book about openness… the racing free saltness and sweetness of their the Miami River. massive winds, under the dazzling blue heights of space. In Other Words started working seriously. En español, got down to business quiere decir empezó a trabajar. (tr) Historical/Corbis Historical/Getty Images, (b) Wetzel and Company/Janice McDonald and Company/Janice Wetzel Historical/Getty (b) (tr) Historical/Corbis Images, (cr) Chase Swift/CORBIS, (b) Wetzel and Company/Janice McDonald, (t) Digital Vision/Punchstock (t) Digital McDonald, and Company/Janice Wetzel (b) Chase Swift/CORBIS, (cr) 7 8 What makes the CHAPTER THREE Everglades unique? Look at THE ECOSYSTEM the large lake in the center The Everglades have many Fighting On of the map below. Water habitats. A different group of living things live in each overflows the lake’s basin, habitat. The living things or area that catches rainfall. interact with each other and The water then travels south the environment to form The Everglades: River of Grass was published in November across limestone. Sawgrass an ecosystem. 1947. Douglas was 57 years old. The first printing of grows on top of the limestone. Each habitat must have 7,500 copies sold out in one month. Readers appreciated the This kind of water flow the right conditions for beautiful descriptions of the Everglades and the explanation does not occur anywhere living things to survive. If of how people are connected to the Everglades ecosystem. the temperature isn’t right else in the world. or there isn’t enough food or She explained that the “river of grass” nourishes the plants water, then the ecosystem and animals in the Everglades and provides water to the could collapse. people who live in the area. If the Everglades were drained, then water would not flow into the aquifers underneath the (br) Chuck Fadely/Newscom, (b) Wetzel and Company/Janice McDonald, (t) Digital Vision/Punchstock (t) Digital McDonald, and Company/Janice Wetzel (b) (br) Chuck Fadely/Newscom, WATER FLOW THROUGH THE EVERGLADES sawgrass.
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