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Richard Russell, the Senate Armed Services Committee & Oversight of America’S Defense, 1955-1968
BALANCING CONSENSUS, CONSENT, AND COMPETENCE: RICHARD RUSSELL, THE SENATE ARMED SERVICES COMMITTEE & OVERSIGHT OF AMERICA’S DEFENSE, 1955-1968 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Joshua E. Klimas, M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 2007 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor David Stebenne, Advisor Professor John Guilmartin Advisor Professor James Bartholomew History Graduate Program ABSTRACT This study examines Congress’s role in defense policy-making between 1955 and 1968, with particular focus on the Senate Armed Services Committee (SASC), its most prominent and influential members, and the evolving defense authorization process. The consensus view holds that, between World War II and the drawdown of the Vietnam War, the defense oversight committees showed acute deference to Defense Department legislative and budget requests. At the same time, they enforced closed oversight procedures that effectively blocked less “pro-defense” members from influencing the policy-making process. Although true at an aggregate level, this understanding is incomplete. It ignores the significant evolution to Armed Services Committee oversight practices that began in the latter half of 1950s, and it fails to adequately explore the motivations of the few members who decisively shaped the process. SASC chairman Richard Russell (D-GA) dominated Senate deliberations on defense policy. Relying only on input from a few key colleagues – particularly his protégé and eventual successor, John Stennis (D-MS) – Russell for the better part of two decades decided almost in isolation how the Senate would act to oversee the nation’s defense. -
Majority and Minority Leaders”, Available At
Majority and Minority Party Membership Other Resources Adapted from: “Majority and Minority Leaders”, www.senate.gov Available at: http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/Majority_Minority_Leaders.htm Majority and Minority Leaders Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Majority and Minority Leaders Chapter 3: Majority and Minority Whips (Assistant Floor Leaders) Chapter 4: Complete List of Majority and Minority Leaders Chapter 5: Longest-Serving Party Leaders Introduction The positions of party floor leader are not included in the Constitution but developed gradually in the 20th century. The first floor leaders were formally designated in 1920 (Democrats) and 1925 (Republicans). The Senate Republican and Democratic floor leaders are elected by the members of their party in the Senate at the beginning of each Congress. Depending on which party is in power, one serves as majority leader and the other as minority leader. The leaders serve as spokespersons for their parties' positions on issues. The majority leader schedules the daily legislative program and fashions the unanimous consent agreements that govern the time for debate. The majority leader has the right to be called upon first if several senators are seeking recognition by the presiding officer, which enables him to offer motions or amendments before any other senator. Majority and Minority Leaders Elected at the beginning of each Congress by members of their respective party conferences to represent them on the Senate floor, the majority and minority leaders serve as spokesmen for their parties' positions on the issues. The majority leader has also come to speak for the Senate as an institution. Working with the committee chairs and ranking members, the majority leader schedules business on the floor by calling bills from the calendar and keeps members of his party advised about the daily legislative program. -
Howard H. Baker, Jr
Howard H. Baker, Jr. Howard H. Baker, Jr. served three terms as a United States Senator from Tennessee (1967-1985) and was Tennessee's first popularly elected Republican Senator. He rose to national prominence during the Watergate Hearings of 1973-1974 as Vice Chairman of the Senate Watergate Committee, the highest ranking Republican on the Committee. He served as Minority Leader of the Senate from 1977-1981 and as Majority Leader from 1981 until he retired from the Senate at the end of this third term in January, 1985. He was a candidate for the 1980 Republican presidential nomination and served as President Ronald Reagan's Chief of Staff in 1987-1988. For the next thirteen years he worked in several Tennessee law firms. In 2001 President George W. Bush appointed him as U.S. Ambassador to Japan. Howard Henry Baker, Jr. was born to Howard Henry Baker and Dora Ladd Baker on November 15, 1925 in Huntsville, Tennessee. His mother died when he was eight years old and his maternal grandmother, Lillie Ladd Mauser, helped raise him and his younger sister. When Howard Baker Jr. was eleven, his father married Irene Bailey. Howard Jr. attended primary and secondary public school in Huntsville before going to the McCallie School, a military preparatory school in Chattanooga, in 1941. He graduated from there in 1943 and immediately enlisted in the U.S. Navy. As a candidate in the Navy's V-12 officer training program, Baker studied electrical engineering at the University of the South in Sewanee, Tennessee and at Tulane University. -
Navy and Marine Corps Opposition to the Goldwater Nichols Act of 1986
Navy and Marine Corps Opposition to the Goldwater Nichols Act of 1986 A thesis presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts Steven T. Wills June 2012 © 2012 Steven T. Wills. All Rights Reserved. 2 This thesis titled Navy and Marine Corps Opposition to the Goldwtaer Nichols Act of 1986 by STEVEN T. WILLS has been approved for the Department of History and the College of Arts and Sciences by Ingo Traushweizer Assistant Professor of History Howard Dewald Interim Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT WILLS, STEVEN T., M.A., June 2012, History Navy and Marine Corps Opposition to the Goldwater Nichols Act of 1986 Director of Thesis: Ingo Traushweizer The Goldwater Nichols Act of 1986 was the most comprehensive defense reorganization legislation in a generation. It has governed the way the United States has organized, planned, and conducted military operations for the last twenty five years. It passed the Senate and House of Representatives with margins of victory reserved for birthday and holiday resolutions. It is praised throughout the U.S. defense establishment as a universal good. Despite this, it engendered a strong opposition movement organized primarily by Navy Secretary John F. Lehman but also included members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, prominent Senators and Congressman, and President Reagan's Secretary of Defense Casper Weinberger. This essay will examine the forty year background of defense reform movements leading to the Goldwater Nichols Act, the fight from 1982 to 1986 by supporters and opponents of the proposed legislation and its twenty-five year legacy that may not be as positive as the claims made by the Department of Defense suggest. -
Bob Packwood Oral History About Bob Dole
This document is from the collections at the Dole Archives, University of Kansas. http://dolearchives.ku.edu ROBERT J. DOLE ORAL HISTORY PROJECT Interview with Sen. BOB PACKWOOD July 20, 2007 Interviewer Richard Norton Smith Robert J. Dole Institute of Politics 2350 Petefish Drive Lawrence, KS 66045 Phone: (785) 864-4900 Fax: (785) 864-1414 This document is from the collections at the Dole Archives, University of Kansas. http://dolearchives.ku.edu Packwood–07-20–07–p. 2 [Sen. Packwood reviewed this transcript for accuracy of names and dates. Because no changes of substance were made, it is an accurate rendition of the original recording.] Smith: But at his insistence, it’s about more than Senator Dole, and, when we’re done, we hope we’ll have a mosaic that will really amount almost to a history of the modern Senate, and, in a still larger sense, of the political process as it has evolved since Bob Dole came to this town in 1961, for better or worse; and that’s a debatable point. Let me begin by something Senator [John W.] Warner said in yesterday’s [Washington] Post. It was interesting; I think he came to the Senate in ’78. Packwood: Yes. Smith: What year did you Packwood: I was elected in ’68; came in ’69. Smith: Okay. He talked aboutit’s interesting. He talked about, in effect, the good old days as he remembered them, when freshmen were seen but not heard, when you waited until your second year to give your maiden speech, and when you had a handler to sort of guide you through the initiation. -
Transcript Prepared by the Impeachment Inquiry Staff for the House Judiciary Committee of a Recording of a Meeting Amongthe President, John Dean, John Ehrlichman, H.R
TRANSCRIPT PREPARED BY THE IMPEACHMENT INQUIRY STAFF FOR THE HOUSE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE OF A RECORDING OF A MEETING AMONGTHE PRESIDENT, JOHN DEAN, JOHN EHRLICHMAN, H.R. HALDEMAN AND JOHN MITCHELL ON MARCH 22, 1973, FROM 1:57 TO 3:43 P.M. July 3, 1974 TRANSCRIPT PREPARED BY THE IMPEACHMENT INQUIRY STAFF FOR THE HOUSE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE OF A RECORDING OF A MEETING AMONG THE PRESIDENT, JOHN DEAN, JOHN EHRLICHMAN, H.R. HALDEMAN AND JOHN MITCHELL ON MARCH 22, 1973, FROM 1:57 TO 3:43 P.M.* PRESIDENT: Hello John, how are you? [Unintelligible] MITCHELL: Mr. President [unintelligible] Nixon. Mr. President, I'm just great. How are you? PRESIDENT: You Wall Street lawyer -- MITCHELL: Yeah. I would hope that would be okay. UNIDENTIFIED: I think so. Yeah. You have to admit it, have to admit you're rich. MITCHELL: Not in front of all these people that help to collect taxes. PRESIDENT: Well, we'll spend them for what you want. [Unintelligible] MITCHELL: But I, I can report, incidentally, that the firm is doing quite well. PRESIDENT: Are they? EHRLICHMAN: Can't think of any reason why it shouldn't. MITCHELL: I don't either. ________________ *The quotation marks used in this transcript are for convenience and do not indicate verbatim quotation by the speaker. EHRLICHMAN: I assigned the log [unintelligible] on Saturday. PRESIDENT: Yes, we know. EHRLICHMAN: Eastland is going to postpone any further hearings on Gray for two weeks. Try and let things cool off a little bit. He thinks Gray is dead on the floor. PRESIDENT: [Unintelligible] HALDEMAN: Gray's the symbol of wisdom, today, he accused your Counsel of being a liar. -
Kent State 1970 - Legal Article 6 Background and Implications
Cleveland State Law Review Volume 22 Issue 1 Symposium: Kent State 1970 - Legal Article 6 Background and Implications 1973 Kent State - Justice and Morality John P. Adams Follow this and additional works at: https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/clevstlrev Part of the Criminal Law Commons How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! Recommended Citation John P. Adams, Kent State - Justice and Morality, 22 Clev. St. L. Rev. 26 (1973) available at https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/clevstlrev/vol22/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at EngagedScholarship@CSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Cleveland State Law Review by an authorized editor of EngagedScholarship@CSU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Kent State - Justice and Morality John P. Adams* N SEPTEMBER 1970, THE PRESIDENT'S COMMISSION ON CAMPUS UNREST' made a strong recommendation that the President of the United States exercise ". his reconciling moral leadership as the first step to prevent violence and create understanding. '2 Although this recommendation was made in a report by the Commission on Campus Unrest which met the deadline that had been set for it to complete its work before the reopening of the colleges and univer- sities in the fall of 1970, nearly three months passed before the President wrote a "Dear Bill" letter to the Chairman of the Commis- sion, former Governor William W. Scranton, and gave any response to the recommendation.3 In his letter to Governor Scranton, the President -
Gerald R. Ford Oral History Project Pat Buchanan Interviewed by Richard Norton Smith October 4, 2010
Gerald R. Ford Oral History Project Pat Buchanan Interviewed by Richard Norton Smith October 4, 2010 Smith: Thanks so much for doing this. I appreciate it. Buchanan: I’m delighted. Smith: Let me ask you. First of all, what was the attitude in the Nixon White House toward the Republican Congressional leadership, and Ford in particular, during that first term? Buchanan: Well, for the first couple of years, Nixon had one of his speechwriters at all the cabinet meetings, congressional leadership and others, and I was in all the congressional leadership meetings. I think the attitude was very respectful, but I don’t think there was a sense that this was a very powerful, competent, and really able force that we had on Capitol Hill. Nixon was the first time since Zachary Taylor that we had a president with both Houses of the Congress in opposition to him and I don’t think that Nixon felt that these fellows were up to his level of the game. Smith: Would you distinguish at all, not necessarily in terms of competence, but in terms of loyalty, between a Jerry Ford and a Hugh Scott? Buchanan: I know what you’re going to say. Everybody in the White House distinguished between the two. Jerry Ford was a friend of Richard Nixon. Nixon liked him. I’d been out with Nixon for Jerry Ford in Michigan and Romney in Michigan, out there in 1996. Jerry Ford was a friend and a buddy of Nixon’s and I think they genuinely liked each other. I think Hugh Scott was looked upon as on the other side of the party. -
1976/10/15-16: Iowa, Illinois, and Missouri (2)” of the Robert T
The original documents are located in Box 29, folder “Trips - 1976/10/15-16: Iowa, Illinois, and Missouri (2)” of the Robert T. Hartmann Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald Ford donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. ( r- Digitized from Box 29 of the Robert T. Hartmann Files at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library H t"i t"i Hz 0 H (ll ILLINOIS October 16, 1976 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. CAMPAIGN '76 A. PFC and Republican Party Leadership PFC Officials Republican Party Officials College Republicans Young Republicans National Federation of Republican Women B. Elected State Officials C. Advocates to the State D. Review of Major State Races E. PFC Campaign Overview F. Carter Campaign Campaign Officials Campaign Strategy G. Public Opinion Polls II. ISSUE GUIDANCE III. QUESTIONS & ANSWERS Q&As on Local Illinois Issues IV. STATE PROFILE Famous Citizens, Demographics, Econo~ic Base and History V. PRESS ANALYSIS VI. REVENUE SHARING A. General R2venue Sharing B. Sample of Actual Uses of General Revenue Sharing C. -
White House Special Files Box 45 Folder 22
Richard Nixon Presidential Library White House Special Files Collection Folder List Box Number Folder Number Document Date Document Type Document Description 45 22 n.d. Other Document Itinerary of Vice President Richard Nixon - Sept. 19 - Sept. 24, 1960. 32 pages. Wednesday, May 23, 2007 Page 1 of 1 t I 1• STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL ITINERARY OF VICE PRESIDENT RICHARD NIXON September 19 through September 24. 1960 Monday. September 19 Convair Aircraft 3:15 PM EDT Depart Washington National Airport enroute (200 mi. -1:15) to Wilkes-Barre - Scranton Airport 4:30 PM EDT Arrive Wilkes-Barre - Scranton Airport. AM: John located near Avoca. Pa, Whitaker Population of Wilkes-Barre is 90.000 U. S. Senator for Pennsylvania is Hugh Scott Candidates for Congress are: Dr. Donald Ayers (11th District) William Scranton (10th District) Edwin M. Kosik is in charge of arrangements Reception Committee: Lester Burl ein, Chairman 10th Congressional District Mrs. Audrey Kelly, Represents Women of 10th District J. Julius Levy. former United States Attorney Donald Sick. Chairman Young Republicans. Wyoming County Charles" Harte. Minority Commissioner. Lackawanna County Miss Gail Harris. Vice Chairman, Lackawanna County Flowers for Mrs. Nixon presented by Gail Harris, Vice Chairman. Lackawanna County Joseph Smith is Motorcade Chairman 4:59 PM Depart airport by motorcade enroute to Wilkes-Barre via Thruway 5: 15 PM ARRIVE CITY SQUARE Bad weather alternative: Masonic Auditorium Page 1 Page 2 Monday, September 19 (continued) Platform Committee: Former Governor John Fine Former Governor Arthur James Joe Gale, County Chairman Mrs. Mina McCracken, Vice Chairman, Luzerne County Max Rosen, Luzerne County Nixon-Lodge Volunteers Chairman Former State Senator Andrew Sardoni Dr. -
Howard Baker Files
Ronald Reagan Presidential Library Digital Library Collections This is a PDF of a folder from our textual collections. Collection: Baker, Howard H. Jr.: Files Folder Title: [Acquaintances and Officials Congratulations: 03/18/1987] (6) Box: 10 To see more digitized collections visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/archives/digital-library To see all Ronald Reagan Presidential Library inventories visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/document-collection Contact a reference archivist at: [email protected] Citation Guidelines: https://reaganlibrary.gov/citing National Archives Catalogue: https://catalog.archives.gov/ Dear Mr. Hewitt: Thank you for your recent note concerning C/b'',, my appointment as White House Chief of ,~~:, •\-: ' Staff. I appreciate your support and ;i,&f • confidence, and I look forward to working with President Reagan to complete the agenda he began in his election in 1980. With my best wishes, ,,"$!·· ,,'(',r'J Van Nuys, ~~'i>ilt: ;f; :?,·"- 'i{ •' ~;~ '.~ ,$.">~ HHB/SW/WJB/ptf4 >"-.: HHB-2 RALSTON C. HEWITT Branch Manager 14549 VALERIO STREET SUNSHINE BISCUITS CO. Roanoke, Va . VAN NUYS, CALIFORNIA 91405 General Manager, Secretary-Treasurer ( 818) 786-0989 and Director THEE. W. DUNSTAN CO. My Den phone: New York (818) 989-7472 Eastern Divisional Manager WALTER M. LOWNEY CO. Boston, Mass. Sales Manager, National Fe b. 27, 1987 E. GREENFIELD SONS' CO. Brooklyn, N. Y. Executive Assistant CANDY BRANDS, INC. Hon. Howard H. Baker, Jr. Brooklyn, N. Y. Chie f of Staf f Sales Manager The White House M. TENZER ORGANIZATION New York, N. Y. 1600 Pennsy l vania Ave. Operating Superintendant Washington, DC 20005 BUSH TERMINAL INDUSTRIES Brooklyn, N. Y. De ar Se nator Bake r: General Manager THE EUCLID CANDY CO. -
March 6, 1973 Time: Unknown Between 8:06 Am and 8:20 Am Location: Oval Office
-1- NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM Tape Subject Log (rev. May-2010) Conversation No. 869-1 Date: March 6, 1973 Time: Unknown between 8:06 am and 8:20 am Location: Oval Office The President met with Stephen B. Bull. President's schedule -Meeting with Sudanese ministers -Time -Condolences -Scheduling -Meeting with Earl L. Butz on March 6, 1973 Ronald L. Ziegler -Attendance at luncheon -Paul N. ("Pete") McCloskey, Jr. -Presence Bull left at an unknown time before 8:20 am. Conversation No. 869-2 Date: March 6, 1973 Time: Unknown between 8:06 am and 8:20 am Location: Oval Office The President met with an unknown man. Schedule -John W. Dean, III [?] The unknown man left at an unknown time before 8:20 am. -2- NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUM Tape Subject Log (rev. May-2010) Conversation No. 869-3 Date: March 6, 1973 Time: Unknown between 8:06 am and 8:20 am Location: Oval Office The President met with Stephen B. Bull. Messages received Diplomats' views -Attendance at meetings -Wives [?] Bull left at an unknown time before 8:20 am. Conversation No. 869-4 Date: March 6, 1973 Time: 8:20 am - 8:24 am Location: Oval Office The President met with H. R. (“Bob”) Haldeman. President's meeting with William E. Timmons -Items for discussion -Congressional leaders -Meetings with President -Hugh Scott’s request -President's availability for meetings with Congress members -Haldeman’s guidance for Timmons John D. Ehrlichman's meeting with Hugh Scott and Gerald R. Ford -Desire for meetings with President -Ehrlichman's opinion of meeting An unknown man entered at an unknown time after 8:20 am.