Beyond Honeybees Mike Andruczyk VCE- Chesapeake 757-382-6348 [email protected] Pollinators
Bats Bees Beetles Birds Butterflies But what else? Ants
Low growing Fragaria virginiana Polygonum Have small inconspicuous flowers cascadense Have flowers that are close to the stem No nectar guides
Lobularia maritima Diamorpha smallii Ants
A. americanum
Cymbidium Ants
Nesting areas Acacia & Beltian bodies ◦ Hollow internodes, spines, ◦ roots, & leaf indentions Paeonia Extrafloral nectaries Mullerian, Pearl, Beltian ◦ & Beccarian bodies Elaiosomes
Arisaema triphylla Taxus Coffea arabica Bees
Full of nectar Bright white, yellow, blue or UV colored (bees cannot see red) Sweetly aromatic or have a minty fragrance Open in daytime Provide landing platforms Often bilaterally symmetrical (one side of the flower is a mirror image of the other) Flowers are often flat or tubular with nectar at base of tube Nectar Guides Limited, often sticky and scented pollen Bees
Mason bees Osmia lignaria
female
male Bees
Mason bees Osmia lignaria
wasp Bees
Blueberry bees Osmia ribifloris Bees
Leafcutter bees Ashmeadiella
Heriades Coelioxys Lithurgis
Megachile
Hoplitis Bees
Leafcutter bees use a "wrapper" of leaves, resin and sand. Bees
leafcutter
Vaccinium corymbosum Allium cepa
Daucas carota
Medicago sativa Aster Baptisia Bees
Leafcutter
Roses
Azaleas
Bougainvillea Cercis Fraxinus Bees
Carder bees harvest plant fibers.
Digitalis grandiflora
Medicago sativa Bombus pascuorum
Linaria purpurea Lychnis coronaria Anthidium manicatum Bees
Carpenter Bees
Xylocopa virginica Ceratina sp.
X. virginica male Bees
Carpenter Bees –nesting Bees Solanum
Carpenter Bees
Salvia
Penstemon Lycopersicum Bees
Miner/polyester Bees Colletes hederae
Holcopasites
Svastra Melissodes
Anthophora
Ptilothrix bombiformis Bees Holcopasites
Miner/polyester Bees Heliopsis
Melissodes X Solidaster
Cemolobus, Ptilothrix & Melitoma
Leucanthemum
Malva
Ipomoea Ptilothrix bombiformis Helianthus Bees
Cuckoo Bees
Epeolus
Nomada
Holcopasites Melecta
Triepeolus Bees
Cuckoo Bees Bees
Oil Collecting Bees
Macropis fulvipes
Bees
Halictid or Sweat bees
Sphecodes monilicornis
Dialictus zephrum
Agapostemon Bees
Halictid or Sweat bees Bees
Bumblebees
Bombus pennsylvanicus
Bombus griseocollis
Bombus perplexus Bees
bumblebees
Bumblebees nest in fiberglass Bees Achillea
bumblebees Lycopersicum
Salvia
Phaseolus coccineus
Callistemon
Rubus idaeus Lonicera Bees
Bumblebees
Bombus fraternus
Bombus impatiens
Bombus bimaculatus
Bombus vagans vagans Bees
Bumblebees
Bombus affinis Bombus ternarius
Bombus terricola
Bees female
Squash bees Peponapis
Xenoglossa Bees
Squash bees
Cucurbita
Citrullus
Gourds Bees It’s easy to build a “Bee Condo” for native bees! Many of the wild bees you may encounter in your backyard garden make their burrow homes in the soil. Some bees create hives in snags (a dead or dying standing tree, often with its branches broken off), or in holes in trees. The activity of native bees will encourage the reproduction of native plants in your yards and gardens. You can encourage native bees to nest near your wildflower gardens by providing man-made nesting blocks, or “Bee Condos.” Materials You Will Need A 4”x6” or 6”x6” dried pine or fir post (or you can try a weathered fence post or other scrap wood). Drill and drill bits, a variety of diameters, ranging from 1/4 in. to 3/8 in. Paper straws – not plastic (available at some hardware stores, or through a scientific supply store), or small hollow sticks, with one end sealed. A warm location protected from rain and predators. How to Do It Cut the wooden posts into blocks 8-12 in. long. Drill holes into the wood blocks: using a variety of hole diameters from 1/4 in. to 3/8 in., drill holes 3- 5 in. deep, and at least 3/4 in. apart. Alternatively, a bundle of paper straws or hollow sticks, with one end sealed, will make an attractive bee home. Bees prefer dark colored homes, so consider charring the front of your “Bee Condo” lightly with a torch. Mount your “Bee Condo” on a post or attach to the side of a building. Place nesting blocks so that tunnels are horizontal. Make sure they are in a warm location with southern exposure and protected from rain. A good place could be under the eaves of a garage or shed. If you don’t want to build your own “Bee Condo,” consider commercial sources for bee nests. Drill holes into the wood blocks. For more information about Bees Bees
honeybees
Apis cerana
Apis mellifera
Bees Alsike Clover (Trifolium hybridum) Apr 4 Aster (Aster spp.) Sep 30 Basswood, Linden (Tilia spp.) Jun 20 Black Gum (Nyssa sylvatica) Apr 27 Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) Apr 27 Blackberry (Rubus spp.) Mar 1 Crimson Clover (Trifolium incarnatum) Apr 10 Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) Mar 5 Gallberry (Ilex glabra & coriacea) May 12 Goldenrod (Solidago spp.) Aug 1 Heartsease, Smartweed (Polygonum spp.) Jul 4 Holly (Ilex spp.) Apr 24 Huckleberry (Gaylussacia spp.) Apr 5 Ladino Clover, White Clover (Trifolium repens) Apr 14 Pepperbush (Clethra alnifolia) Aug 1 Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana) May 20 Privet (Ligustrum spp.) May 8 Raspberry (Rubus spp.) Apr 20 Red Maple (Acer rubrum) Jan 20 Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum) Jun 1 Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) Feb 25 Sumac (Rhus spp.) Apr 1 Sweet Clover (Melilotus spp.) May 28 Tulip Poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) Apr 17 Tupelo Gum (Nyssa aquatica) Apr 20 Vetch (Vicia spp.) Apr 28 Bees
Dwarf honeybees
Apis florea Bees
Giant honeybees Apis dorsata Bees
Nectar guides
Viola
Digitalis Alstroemeria
Iris Wasps
Full of nectar Bright white, yellow, blue or UV colored (bees cannot see red) Sweetly aromatic or have a minty fragrance Open in daytime Provide landing platforms Often bilaterally symmetrical (one side of the flower is a mirror image of the other) Flowers are often flat or tubular with nectar at base of tube Nectar Guides Limited, often sticky and scented pollen Wasps
Parasite wasp Wasps
Paper wasp
Potter wasp
Sphecidae wasp Yellow jacket Beetles
Large bowl-shaped with sexual organs exposed White, to dull white or green None to strongly fruity or fetid Open during the day Moderate nectar producers not hidden May be large solitary flowers (magnolias, pond lilies) May be clusters of small flowers (goldenrods, Spirea) Abundant pollen No nectar guides Beetles
Longhorn Beetle
Atrichelaphinus tigrina Scarab Beetle
Carpophilus hemipterus Beetles
Annona
Magnolia grandiflora
Lindera Black locust borer Nymphaea
Solidago rigida
Spiraea Philodendron Butterflies
In clusters and provide landing platforms Brightly colored (red, yellow, orange, purple) Open during the day Ample nectar producers, with nectar deeply hidden Nectar guides present Narrow tubular and spurred flowers Only faintly fragrant Limited pollen produced Butterflies
Butterflies Flies
Pale and dull to dark brown or purple Sometimes flecked with translucent patches Putrid order, like rotting meat , carrion, dung, humus, sap and blood Nectar guides not present No or little nectar Modest pollen Flowers are funnel like or complex traps Bombylius Flies
Bee flies
Villa
Systoechus Exoprosopa
Taraxacum Lepidophora Flies
Blow or green bottle flies
Asarum Systoechus Illicium
Huernia Lucilia Flies
Dance flies
Empis
Prunus
Ribes
female
Mahonia Flies
Small-headed flies
Neolasia
Ogcodes
Eulonchus Flies
Flower-loving flies
Rhaphiomidas
Opomydas
Fagoypyrum esculentum Flies
Tangle-vein flies
Fallenia
Neorhynchocephalus Nemestrinus Flies
Syrphid flies
Syrphus
female
Copestylum
Eristalis Flies
Syrphid flies
Viola
Cirsium Stachys Bidens Flies
Tachinid flies Gymnocheta
Adejeania Eriothrix
Tachina Trichopoda Flies
Tachinid flies Voria ruralis Cabbage looper
European corn borer Lydella thompsoni
Myiopharus Sunflower beetle Colorado potato beetle Flies
Tachinid flies Japanese Beetle
Winthemia Bertha armyworm White lilned sphinx moth
Gypsy moth Sawflies Flies
Tachinid flies Bertha armyworm
Foeniculum vulgare
Anthemis
Polygonum aubertii Symphoricarpos
Filipendula Phacelia Trifolium Flies
Midges Megommata
Cecidomyiidae Contarinia
Ceratopogonoidae Theobroma cacao Artocarpus integer Flies
Midges Flies
Mosquitos
Habenaria obtusata
Aedes communis Moths
In clusters and provide landing platforms White or dull colors of pink, red or purple Open late afternoon or night Strongly sweet scented flowers often only at night Ample nectar producers, with nectar deeply hidden, such as morning glory, tobacco, yucca, and gardenia. No nectar guides Limited pollen supply Regular tubular flowers without a lip Moths
Yucca moth
Tegeticula maculata Moths
Hawk or Sphynx moth
Eumorpha typhon
Smerinthus cerisyi
Xanthopan morganii praedicta Macroglossum stellatarum Moths
Hawk or Sphynx moth
Datura
Angraecum sesquipedale
Mirabilis
Peniocereus greggii Lantana Petunia Moths
Hawk or Sphynx moth
Manduca quinquemaculata
Willow
Tomato Poplar
Tobacco Catalpa Gardening for Pollinators Here is a seed blend of eleven annuals that provides long-blooming bee pasture for set-aside farmlands. Although this list was developed in Germany11, these plants are available as seed in North America.
40% phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia) 3% red radish (Raphanus sativus) 25% buckwheat (Fagopyrum 3% cornflower (Centaurea cyanus) esculentum) 7% white mustard (Sinapis alba) 3% mallow (Malva sylvestris) 6% coriander (Coriandrum sativum) 2% anethum (Anethum graveolens) 5% calendula (Calendula officinalis) 1% borage (Borago officinalis)
5% black cumin (Nigella sativa) Beyond Honeybees Thank you!
Mike Andruczyk VCE- Chesapeake Dept. Of Agriculture 310 Shea Drive Chesapeake VA 23322 757-382-6348 [email protected]