M-31 -At The Se,hool Ceme;teJLy When the Residential School was established, a small cemetery area had

been set aside: P~. Sw4-28 W.P.M. Here were laid to rest the earthly remains of young people who had passed away while attending the Residential School; usually victims of Tuberculosis and other diseases. The cemetery had been well-marked and well-kept. However, following the closing of the School, this little plot of consecrated ground had become overgrown and neglected; The cleared site few realizing its existence. The committee thought it would be a good idea, as part of the reunion, to hold a "bee" and clean up the cemetery area. Then while researching Indian Affairs archival material for this history: (1) Mr. Miller discovered that, although the land around the cemetery site had been sold, the Province of Manitoba still retained the rights to site itself. Contact was made with the Manitoba Government requesting that this area might be cleared up and perhaps fenced. The request began to make its rounds.

The Manitoba Department of Government Services undertook to have their represent­ ative, Dan Holbrow, supervise clearing the area of all wildly growing bushes, under­ brush and debris and establishing flower beds on the site perimeter. Then the Historic Resources Branch of the Department of Culture, Heritage and Recreation had their representatives Patrie ia M. Badertscher and K. David McLeod survey the area and locate all unmarked grave sites. Govern­ ment Services then proceeded to level the Same overturned and area and suitably mark each grave site-with neg~ected grave markers M-32

Preparing the eouipment and locatinR the unmarked grave sites.

a cross. The Council of the R.M. of Wallace had their road crew grade the road from the village limits to the cemetery site. All of this was done in time for the reunion of former students and staff members which was held on July 20-22 1990. The reunion committee, filled with gratitude for these positive and caring

actions py the Government of Manitoba and the R. M. of ~.J'allac e, undertook to permanently mark the site with the erection of a large metal cross on which a commemorative and memorial plaque is attached.

The wording on the plaque reads: '' In this consecrated plot of ground lie buried the remains of several children who died while attending the Elkhorn Indian Residential Schools. 1888 - ~9-49 MAY THEY EVER REST IN_PEACE Cross raised by former staff and students during the reunion of July 20 - 22, 19-90. Plaque placed in memory of Percy Umpherville."

Note: The cross was donated by the Tutthill family and the plaque presented by Daniel Umpherville in memory of his orother Percy. M-35 FofLe.veJt WUh Th_P_ Lo!td

Following the Reunion luncheon,the people journeyed to the newly-restored and beautiful school cemetery,there to participate in the last official event of the Reunion.A memorial service for those who had passed away during their days at school. One person in that entourage,who spoke only Cree,had travelled all the way from Split Lake just to visit the grave site of her brother. It was indeed a most touching gesture of love and respect. How grateful the committee was that the Government of Manitoba had seen fit to restore and beautify this "Sanctuary of Remembrance",if only for this one incident alone. Bishop Conlin and the three clergy took their positions at the Cross, while the lay people formed a circle around the entire outer edge of the cemetery.The service then began with Canon Umpherville asking the Bishop to perform the rite of Consecration and Dedication. The rite completed, Daniel then addressed the gathering which was made up of both Reunion celebrants and friends from the village of Elkhorn and surrounding District . . The speaker introduced the reading of the 23rd Psalm with the following words: " The Psalm that is most suitable at this time and for this service,and I am sure you have heard it many times at funerals and wakes,is the 23rd Psalm. I can remember many times over how people have been moved,how people have come to know Christ.I believe that this psalm was especially written for that purp­ ose. long before our time,long before New Testament times. It is such a beaut- M-35 FoJte.veJL Wilh Th.P_ LoJtd

Following the Reunion luncheon,the people journeyed to the newly-restored and beautiful school cemetery,there to participate in the last official event of the Reunion.A memorial service for those who had passed away during their days at school. One person in that entourage,who spoke only Cree,had travelled all the way from Split Lake just to visit the grave site of her brother. It was indeed a most touching gesture of love and respect. How grateful the committee was that the Government of Manitoba had seen fit to restore and beautify this "Sanctuary of Remembrance",if only for this one incident alone. Bishop Conlin and the three clergy took their positions at the Cross, while the lay people formed a circle around the entire outer edge of the cemetery.The service then began with Canon Umpherville asking the Bishop to perform the rite of Consecration and Dedication. The rite completed, Daniel then addressed the gathering which was made up of both Reunion celebrants and friends from the village of Elkhorn and surrounding District . . The speaker introduced the reading of the 23rd Psalm with the following words: " The Psalm that is most suitable at this time and for this service,and I am sure you have heard it many times at funerals and wakes,is the 23rd Psalm. I can remember many times over how people have been moved,how people have come to know Christ.I believe that this psalm was especially written for that purp­ ose. long before our time,long before Ne-v;r Testament times. It is such a beaut- These pictures depict the School Cemetery Site after- it was cleared of all debris and \vildly growing bush by Hr.Dan llolbrm.J and his crew. They are of the same grave locations: (l) The day that ~1rs Badertsche r and Hr.McLeod surveyed the site for unmarked graves and (2) The day of the School Reunion which followed a few days after the graves had been located and Mr.llalbrmv and cre\.J had marked eac h with a cross and the beautiful touch of planting flm-.~ers at each grave and around the perimeter of the cemetery.

·?' T 0) () M-36 i f ul and I would like to read it to you today. As I read it to you,let us remember those who are buried in this little cemetery,and those -who who have passed on since leaving our residential school. As Captain Miller said"Their spirits continue to live on". That part never dies. How often I have said to my people back in Saskatchewan," You know,when you get to that place where Christ is there is no more yesterdays,no more tomorrows.We will live forever and ever,the Bible says." And so we prepare ourselves for that place.God will call us some day. But walk with him everyday like I do. I am not trying to boast of myself,but let me be an example to you. We can live with him one day at a time. Yes ,my friends, there is comf_9rt, there is peace of mind in this beautifull 23rd Psalm.

Dear friends· remember thes·e words .. from s-cripture,

J:e5u·s said ~ "I am the Bread of Life,he that cometh to me

shall never hunger,and he that believeth in ~e shall never thirst. All that the Father giveth me shall come to 111e; and him that cometh to me I will in no wise cast out.For I came down from heaven,not to do my own will but the will of him that sent me. And this is the Father's will which

has sent me,that all that he has giv~n me,I shall lose nothing but raise him up at the last day.And this is the will of him that sent me,that everyone which seeth the Son and believeth on him may have everlasting life,and I will raise him up at the last day." My dear friends,remember these words.Jesus said these words. That is what the Bishop meant when he said that we are a spiritual people. It is coming back to us. And since my heart attack I have been very ..• I don't know ..•. I believe that Someone is right beside me all the way.I can't stand before you like this without His help and he is using me to speak to you; and God is with our Bishop and my fellow clergy. Let us then listen to God's word. I have a few names here that were given to me.These boys and girls that have been buried in this place.If you know of any others,please speak up.They were all children in families in this life,and are now children in the Family of God.Their spirits live/ on: Sarah Spence, William Head, MOses Beardy. M-37

Phillip Redhead, Christine Redhead, Percy Umpherville, Lillian Brass, Emma Beardy, George Manningway, and many others. There are twenty three graves in all. If you know any of their names,please remember them in your prayers. Remember those also who have passed on since leaving the Residential School. We remembered them yesterday.We remember them today. Remember what Captain Miller quoted from Hebrews chapter 12. They are there (in that great crowd of witnesses) and one day God will make them real to us,beyond and above (this life) where He dwells forever and forever. Dear friends, remember we are not alone, God is with. us. He will be with us. Let us pray.

The Memorial Service concluded with a prayer,both for the departed and for those in attendance. The Blessing was then pronounced. The Reverend Donald Pratt then led the people in the singing of that most beautiful and appropriate hymn,"Forever With The Lord".

At the conclusion of the Memorial Servlce,Mr.Jack Tivy then had the Reunion celebrants gather together to have tfi.eir pictures taken for the last time. Three wonderful days of renewed friendships had drawn to a close.

THE STUDENTS THE STAFF

And - THE SPIRIT LIVES ON 'Til1 We Mee;t AgcUn 11-38 -***'*********************************** t Reunion at Elkhorn i by Hilda (Corder) Workman and at St. Mark's were very meaningful and uplifting. Here are some reflections of a Everyone returned home with a former staff member who was book-"The Spirit Lives on•-ably fortunate enough to have attended the produced ·by the Rev. Harry Miller. reunion of the ·pupils and staff of the He captured the true story of the Indian Residential School at Elkhorn. Elkhorn SchooL As I grow even older It was wonderful looking at name I will be able to leaf through this book tags, and then as recognition dawned, and relive those years of sharing God's smiles spread across faces and hugs love with my brothers and sisters in followed. The 'staff had just grown God's great family. These books are older, but the 'pupils' had grown up. available by writing to: The Rev. H. B. For example~ when the school Miller, Box 2098, Melville, produced a ballet-•Moon Goddess·­ Saskatchewan, SOA 2PO. If you were forty-five years ago~ the little Indian unable to attend the reunion it will braves in their brief costumes didn't bring back many memories. look 'authentic' enoug~ so we painted them (Henry Ironman being one) with After all the many TV programmes tan stocking paint! Looking at Henry and newspaper articles painting very now, at a good two hundred pounds negative pictures of the Indian and well over six feet tall, I mused on Residential Schools it was wonderful to how many tubes of paint would be feel the love and respect between all needed now to cover that huge frame. who attended the reunion. Our children have truly grown up! No matter what one attempts there The whole weekend was fun-filled, are always mistakes niade, and things but very emotionaL .As one former that, on reflection, could have been staff member sai

Jack and Mae Tivy _ Bert and Alice Hartley The above two couples celebrated both the Residential School Reunion and their 50th Wedding Anniversaries during 1990. The Tivys having been married by Canon Minchin in the school chapel. Bert was the school engineer and cadet instructor in the 1940's. He and Alice and family lived in the cottage on the school grounds. Jack Tivy toek the pictures at the cemetery as well as video-taping the Reunion proceedings. M-41 such an e y esore on t h e landscape; to remov e t he unsig htly mound of rubble or have it covered with t op soil; and t o mark t he s i te with a suitable cairn and plaque. The area could be made into a small and beautiful historical park that would attract many v isitors and tourists of f the highway and i nto the village. And, with a l l the scenes to be noted in t h is book, should not be difficult.

One must ever realize that this forlorn piece of negl ected property was the site of an institution that pioneered t he develo pmept o f Indian Industrial and Academic Education in ~.Jest ern Canada; a fact that should never be allowed to be forgotten.

Ma y the theme of this book "The Spirit Lives On" provide the inspiration that will cause this vision to become a reality.

Throughout the entire length of the history of the Washakada and Anglican Indian Residential Schools, the inspiration, guidance and direction of the Holy Spirit is most apparent.

This is true, not only of the people and events involved in the founding of the Schools, but also in the lives of those who dwelt, worked and received an educational foundation in them.

Such is true also of the manner in which t h e group of seven were brought together and inspired to hold a reunion of former students and staff; even after forty-one years of the School's closing. It is true, as well, of the guidance granted the author of this story and the means by which he has been led to discover the various sources and personal contacts through which the recorded historical materials and pictures have been received.

Yes! the Spirit does live on. He will continue to live on, not only in the lives of those who once attended the Schools and are yet living; but also in the lives of the countless descendants of all those young pioneers in Indian education who once trod those halls of learning; for pioneers they were, although little did they, at the time, realize that fact. However, the movement toward educational excellence, begun by them shall, by many of their descendants, prove this to be so.

And the Spirit will continue to live on until the Vision and Dreams of the late Reverend E.F. Wilson find fulfillment. Yes! He will continue to live on, to inspire and guide the First Peoples of this great land until that Day when, with dignity and honour they shall be granted their rightful place in this great company of nations; this Canada we love so dearly.

N-1

ANNABELLE (STRAHGER) WHITTINGHAM

My family moved to the Peguis Indian Reserve in 1938 when our hay fields and "wood lots" were taken over by Immigrants. At Peguis South School there were forty-seven children in a very small school room. Miss Skatfeld, the teacher, said: "I only teach grades one and two. The rest of you will have to teach yourselves."

Our parents were determined we get a very good education so, with breaking hearts they sent us off to the Elkhorn Indian Residential School. What loneliness! We all know the longing for loving arms and home environment. I once wrote Dad and asked him to send me a cricket, a frog and a whip-poor-will just to hear the sounds of home. I had four brothers and two sisters at Elkhorn with me; Earl, David, Freeman, Dennis, Betty and Jeanette, and still I was lonely.

In Residence we all ate in the same dining room, played in the same playground, slept in the same dorm; consequently often rubbed each other the wrong way. In spite of it all we made many unforgetable acquaintances and many dear friends.

Funny incidents come to mind too, and not so funny happenings. I recall one day after dinner as we were all filing out of the dining room, Miss Titley sat down to play the piano. We paused to listen; she was playing something lively and happy and we were accustomed to hearing only hymns and piano lessons. Then, other children came back into the dining room to listen; at this time the dining room was out-of-bounds to us. Realizing the disruption she was causing in our routine, Miss Titley said: "Run away! Run away!" Almost the entire School ran away that day; left on the boys side of the dining room were a few very small boys, all my brothers and Ebenezer Asham.

Miss Long, or "Nurse Long" as we called her, was a wonderful caring person. I worked with ~er every morning before I went down towu to High School, in the dispensary. She was determined I was going to be a nurse. One morning I held a kidney bowl while she kneaded a long large boil out of Lawrence McPherson's shoulder. That did it! I'd do anything but nurse. Miss Long would scold the staff and speak lovingly to the children •. o I used to think she was a little mixed up there.

Time passed quickly and soon I was away into the world, as I said in my Valedictory address: "to blaze new and better trails."

The trails took me to teaching at Pelican School near Sioux Lookout, to Moose Factory where I was married at Fort George Quebec, to _ the Armed Forces with my spouse, to Forces retirement when I took up teaching again, and finally, to retirement at Gimli, Manitoba.

The trails have taken me also to Florida several times, to Alaska twice, once driving; once sailing and to Hawaii. (continued at top of Page N-8) N-2

DORIS (DOWAN) PRATT

I am married to Walter Pratt and together we have six grown children and 17 grand-children. Currently I am the Principal at Sioux Valley School and have been since April, 1986.

I have some fond memories of the Residential School and I learned many things there that have done me well since then. One of the things I remember is the handicrafts we were taught at a young age. lfuen I was about 12 years old I knew how to knit and do intricate embroidery and sewing. We were also taught many domestic things such as cooking, cleaning, ironing, and basic housekeeping skills. This was good.

I also remember running away from the school when I was 11 years old. Now that I look back I can see the side of the administration and the concern they had. At the time, however, it seemed to be a great adventure. Some­ times children make statements they have no intention of following through with but when there are about 50 other children in the dormitory encouraging you it is hard to back down. We ran away and got about 10 miles down the road to Hargrave, planning to jump on the freight train as it roared by. It was a good thing we got caught when we did.

I also remember how angry the Principal was and now can understand his point of view. We could have very easily been killed and he would be held accountable for us. I remember the strap we received and was thankful for the bloomers we wore as part of the outfit of the day. It really did not hurt us that much but, of course we cried as loudly as we could trying to get sympathy from him. We lost some of our privileges and had to pay the price for our actions. I learned a very valuable lesson from this ex­ perience.

I remember the positive influence of some of the ladies at the school, the values they instilled in us about being kind and caring about people, especially to people of other races. We learned a lot of good things that helped us get where we are today.

I can look back at my stay at the Residential School and honestly say that a lot of good things were taught to us there. My memories of the school are good ones and I would like to say that I had some good times there. I realize that not everyone felt this way but there are bad ex­ periences no matter where you go or what you do.

HELEN (PRATT) BLACKSMITH

There were a lot of good things learned at the Residential School. One particular incident I remember is how the girls learned to knit at a very young age. We had to unravel a sweater or other knit item in order to get the yarn, which in those days was 100% wool. We had to wash and dry the wool and then dye it to freshen it up or change the colour of it. I wanted to make a set for ~y brother that would consist of a scarf, mittens, toque, N-3

and socks and had dy ed the wool red. However, as it turned out the wool was not red but rath er a deep shade of pink! Since I did not have any other wool to use, I had no choice but to go ahead and use the pink yarn. I finished the set and the lucky recipient was my brother, Burman. He reacted as I had expected, stating that he was not going to wear pink! I told him that if he wanted to be warm this winter he would wear it and not complain. Well, as it turned out, he did wear it in the end but he never fo~got it.

This is what I remember the most, that we were taught to do things such as knitting, at a young age. These were skills that stayed with us for the rest of our lives.

ROSALYN (YOUNG) ING

My home reserve is in The Pas, Manitoba. I attended Elkhorn Residential School from 1942 until its closing in June, 1949. I then went to Prince Albert, Saskatchewan where I boarded at All Saints' Residential School while attending the Prince Albert High School. I left school at age seventeen, when I was beginning Grade Eleven. I attended three residential schools, so unfortunately, I spent my childhood in these institutions away from my family's cultural influence.

I did not value etiucation until my thirties. I am an avid reader, and I love the knowledge and companionship of books. So my love of read­ ing eventually led me to consider returning to education. I enrolled in up-grading skills classes one summer, then went to Algonquin College in Ottawa to complete Grade Eleven and Twelve in that year. It was difficult but I enjoyed it so much I became bold enough to apply to Carl­ eton University. I delayed my education plans when I became pregnant, and enjoyed a second chance at motherhood. Later, at Carleton University, I took one or two courses. More interruptions occurred; I left Canada twice. Finally in 1984, at Fraser Valley College in Chilliwack and Abbotsford, and at Simon Fraser University, I succeeded in acquiring enough credits to fain entrance to U.B.C. School of Social Work.

I graduated from U.B.C. with a Bachelor of Social Work (B.S.W.) degree in 1988. Feeling quite confident and loving learning, I continued in the Ts"kel program of Educational Administration. I graduated from U.B.C. on May 29, 1990 having obtained my Master of Education (M. Ed) degree.

The first love of my life, George Ing, and I have been married for thirty years on May 14th, 1990. We have two wonderful sons, Greg and Ted. Greg is a Master's student at Carleton University in Ottawa and will graduate in Sept­ ember, and Ted Begins his second year in Arts at U.B.C. this fall. I am half a century old so for those of you who have ever dreamed of a University degree N- 4 go for it! When you have a dream you have to have a goal. On May 29, 1990, I reached mine.

Editor's note:- Rosalyn Ing is another former Elkhorn pupil who in time, realized the truth in the school motto: "Low aim not failure is Crime." So she reached for the higher goals and having done so, has found success. ~~~·

ALBERT (BERT) HARTLEY

Albert (Bert) Hartley one of the Engineers from July, 1943 to April, 1946. My wife Alice and two children; Brenda age three ye~rs; Laura aged six months moved to the engineer's cottage in mid-July. Hy duties were the care of the boiler room heating equipment, laundry equipment and water pressure system, other items of keeping windows and storm windows in repair and, of course, my first job in the morning 5:30 a.m. was to light the kitchen fires for the kitchen staff to prepare breakfast for other staff and children.

Bert and Alice Hartley With the help of some of the older boys in the winter months, we would make an open air skating rink for staff and children.

One great experience was when I and another staff member went to The Pas in late August in a two and one-half ton truck with a home-made bus body to pick up children to go to school for the next ten months. This was during the war years when tires for your vehicle were hard to come by. We were able to get the loan of a couple of used tires and wheels as spares. The trip went fine to The Pas. At that time the roads were gravel. We got loaded and started back home to Elkhorn. Things were going quite well until one tire went flat, and then another. When we were about thirty-five miles from home, we only had one tire on each side of the rear which meant we had to travel quite slow, so as not to heat them up and blow out, as we could not buy new tires at that time without a permit. So instead of arriving home at mid-night it was 8:00 a.m. when we arrived home safe but tired.

GLADYS (TAYLOR) COOK

I started my education in the Elkhorn Residential School in the mid 1930's and graduated in 1949.

I can think of the wonderful times we had at the annual Elkhorn Field Days. High Jump was· my favourite sport. I didn't excel at it but I had fun trying. N-5

Gladys (Taylor) Cook

There were many enjoyable times during those formative years of my life. Choir singing, Girl Guides. Those big buns we used to get after Sunday Evening services, they were so good.

Then there were the many many friends, both students and staff. So many have remained friends all down the years. There was dear Mrs. Hamilton, Mr. Pavey, Mr. Dixon, Miss Sproule to name the special few that stand out for me.

To-day I am a widow.we have four children and eight grandchildren.

My work is as Co-ordinator-Counsellor for the N.A.D.A.P. (National Alcohol and Drug Abuse Program). I do some teaching and conduct work­ shops. I have done this for fourteen years.

WINNIFRED (JAFFRAY) MULLIGAN

My introduction to the Elkhorn Anglican Resi­ dential School came about rather unexpectedly as a result of being contacted by Rev. B.O.G. Dixon. It seems that Mrs. Fordyce, ' the incumbent Teacher of Grades 5-8, had taken ill and substitute was needed. So I got the call to hold the fort until June, 1947.

While my term of teaching at the School was only of one year duration, many adventures and experiences still stand out in my mind.

The students in Grades 5-8 could never com­ plain of being bored as their duties and studies Miss Jaffray with were widely diversified and in some cases unusual Wolf Pup "Lady" compared with the classes of to-day. From Monday to Friday they could find themselves involved in such various pursuits as sewing, doing laundry and kitchen duties, tending a variety of mink, doing farm chores, etc. etc. It was obvious that powers in charge felt that idleness led to flirtation with the devil and was to be avoided at all cost.

So each or almost each Monday morning would see me arrive via C.P.R. at the station at Elkhorn. Remember when towns had real station houses - not the miserable little hovels that later replaced them. Oh yes, and trains ran on time in those days too! However, when I got off the train the way I would go on up to the School was never too certain. On nice days it would be a N-6 walk as long as I wasn't burdened down by too much baggage. On the other hand, there were times when the trip from the station to the Indian Residential School had its less happy moments. One such experience still stands out in my memories.

It was a brutely cold mid-winter morning when I arrived at the Elkhorn station. I phoned the School to enquire about getting a ride. I was soon informed it was much too cold a day to subject the horses to such a trip and how about my walking on up! So I struck out complete with a rather large bag of fresh oranges and apples I had at Kirkella before embarking on my train ride to Elkhorn. As you may suspect, they were the first frost casualities and of course, the brown paper bag split open and much of the contents spewed out on the snow. However, all was not lost as I had a splendid pair of frost bitten cauliflower ears to show for my walk.

Eva Fry and I shared sleeping quarters at the School and, of course, it was incumbant upon us to set a splendid example of leaping from our beds in the morning promptly at the sound of the alarm clock. I had grave doubts about the effectiveness of Eva's alarm so I bought a shiny new alarm clock probably from the fine selection at Bartleys. So next day the metal monster was activated and set to alarm for the following morning. Suddenly in the dim hours of dawn the new alarm sounded forth. Eva leaped out of bed grab­ bing her housecoat on the fly and rushed to her designated dormitory thinking it was the fire alarm. To her shock and probably relief she found that there was no fire alarm even - just a super efficient alarm clock in our roan. Suffice to say, my clock never had a chance to ring again during the remainder of any stay at the School.

Old thoughts and memories keep drifting back ~f people and events. The way Mrs. Scott could close a door was to ''slam it''!; there by ending a dis­ cussion not to her liking. The way the stairs would give forth untimely squeaks as we tried to sneak up to our rooms unobserved after breaking curfew. The way the senior boys would pilfer potatoes from the store-house and roast them on the furnace, under the classrooms, on the pretex of tending the fire. The aroma of the baking process usually gave them away.

Ina Pratt - do you remember a certain evening when you, Margaret Thomas, Eva Fry and I had attended a dance at the Elkhorn Stadium. Later as were walking home up the drive way to the school, we were pursued by some young male adventurers in a car. In order to make our escape we scrambled over some high railway snow fence. Our nylon stockings, as well as our dignity, suffered grievous damage. Out of breath and somewhat the worse for wear we burst into the safety of the trusty station. There we met Constable Cousins who assured us that he would protect us from all danger as he was armed and prepared to give battle if need be. These are a few of the memories of my term of teaching and living at the Elkhorn Anglican Residential School that I am happy to share.

From that interlude in my life I helped on the family farm at Kirkella for a time. Later I returned to working with Canada's first people by taking a position as Girls' Supervisor at St. Pauls Anglican Residential School at Cardston, Alberta. I also worked there in capacity of a cook! Much to the relief of the diners after a period of time I returned to teaching Grade I. N-7

In 1953, I r etur n ed to Manitoba work ing for awhile at the Elkhorn Telephone Exc ha n ge. In Decemb er o f 1953, I married Eric Mulligan and took up the duties o f a farm lvife on the farm just over the Provincial border west of Elkhorn . During t h e t wenty-th ree y ears we enjoy ed on farm our lives were very full. We became t h e parents of four very active and challenging daughters. In 1976 , we sold our f arm, liv e stock a n d equipment taking up residence in Moosomin at 918 Moose Street.

Though of f icially semi-retired I found my self involved in many activities - Home Care; teaching c h ildren with special needs, Community College; helping Eric caretak e at Sask - Telephone offices and the Detachment of the R.C.M.P. Yes, and ev en t he odd stint as a prison matron at the- local lock-up.

Now a s of April 1st, we both fin d ou rselves totally retired from our regular duties. We plan on making a full-time job of being parents, grand­ parents, fishermen, golfers?! And hopefully more travelling.

That night the children who lived further North - and Eva and I slept on the floor of the Indian office with the children; boy s in one room; girls in the other. We had a good trip - enjoyed by all.

Summer holidays had begun for our students of 1946-47.

A TRIP TO THE PAS By Winnifred (Jaffray) Hulligan

Eva Fry and I accompanied the van to The Pas; for me a highlight of the School's activities.

Havin g not travelled more than the once a year and crowded quarters,­ some of the children were very car sick. We took our turns at being close to the windows on these occasions.

Bo x es of food were packed for our noon lunch and supper. All went well until the supper lunch was to be spread out for our picnic. All had been quietly devoured enroute. What would we do? We went to two cafes in The Pas; both said: "We don't serve Indians". What a shock to us. At Elkhorn we had never experienced this discrimination. We t hen went to the Chinese Cafe. ncertainly , I will serve you. Come upstairs." Up the outside stairs we all trooped . Ta bles were set with white tablecl oths and we lunched in splendour.

I don't ex pect t h e Indian Affairs or whoever paid the bill was pleased at our (Eva and I) inability to k eep track of our children, but we didn't get any static about it. N- 8

Brother Earl and wife Nel work at Percy E. Moore Hospital at Hodgson. Brother David and wife Karen is a retired Engineer, Ex-Navy living in Terrace, B.C. Freeman lives on the farm at home as does Dennis. Betty is in a wheel­ chair, a M.S. patient in a Nursing Home in Winnipeg. Jeanette lives with her husband Lawrence o~ their farm at Pequis.

I often wonder what ever became of Minnie Halket, Maggie Thomas, Cecilia Hart, Eli Heckaway, Esau Trout, Bathsheba Garson, Daniel Umpherville and on and on go the memories.

MORRIS KEYEWAHKEN

I went to the boarding school in Elkhorn in the 1930's and during my years there, until the age of sixteen years, I learned the basics in the grade schools like reading, writing and arithmetic. But what I really learned and valued ove! the years were the skills of becoming a farmer. I wanted to be a farmer on my reserve. It was at this school that I learned how to milk cows and tend to their needs. The Farm Instructor, who was Mr. Pavey, a caring and patient marf, taught us how to harness a team of horses and how to use them at work. We were young boys then, early teenagers when we learned the skills of farming. Besides farming, we learned the skills in gardening. I can remember that when we began to take on the chores in farming, we as young boys got up early and tended to the horses and cows. About twenty boys milked the cows, while half a dozen boys fed the horses with grain and hay. It took us almost an hour to do the chores before breakfast. This kind of work demanded discipline.

I can remember also that part of the school training in those days was to become a cadet. There we learned how to march, take orders, listen to your superior, and First Aid.

I used to look forward to the Field Meets. We all went to town to attend this annual event, but only the best athletes took part in the races, pole vaulting, and so on. I shared in one or two events. We also looked forward in · the ball games where we won some games and lost some.

It was at the boarding school that we learned and adhere to the Christian values, like a belief in God. We learned on a daily basis how to pray and have respect for our Creator and God. We believed in Jesus Christ as our Lord and Saviour. I have never forgotten these values. It was through this training that I became a Lay Reader on the reserve.

So when I left school, I used the skills that I was taught in farming and gardening. I have been a farmer and laborer all my life. I never regretted going to school at Elkhorn. N-9

HILDA (CORDER) WORKMAN

My two years at the I.R.S. Elkhorn, 1943- 1945, first, as girls supervisor, and then in the Sewing room, were years I look back on with fond memories.

It was rather awesome, being "Mother" figure to so many girls. And I feel, could I have had this job after the experience of ra1s1ng my own three, I'd have been able to offer more comfort and understanding.

Girls, can you ever forgive me for cutting your beautiful hair to regulation length? It took great will power, not to weep along with you, as the raven tresses fell to the flooro

Memories that bring a smile to my lips - Senior girls, hurridly removing rag curlers from their hair, before going down the fire escape for a fire drill. Couldn't possibly let the boys see you with curlers in your hair!

That night I decided to cut all the Junior girls' toenails at one sitting. (Have you ever tried cutting three hundred toenails? It takes longer than you'd think.) As we sat laughing, talking and clipping, the door opened, and Head Matron's voice boomed out: "Why all this commotion? It's far past time for lights out." Believe me, I felt very small, as I rose from the cluster of girls, to try to explain!

I reoember their lovely voices, artistic talents, and skill with a needle. These gifts and more, even the youngest, brought with them a rich inheritance from their culture.

Remember going home by bus in 1945? It rained and rained all through the night. I remember cradling a twin in each arm. You were so small! But no one complained, and no one got sick, thanks to the Senior girls. They had brought wedges of lemon to suck. This really worked!

Once when the bus bogged down, we all had to walk ahead, while the two drivers, ·Mr~ Tuthill and Captain Miller finally got the bus moving again. The Pas was "home" for some, but others we put on a train to go still farther North. I am glad that now, Indian children are able to attend schools close to their homes.

I felt work in the schools was not just a job but a vocation. And I hope my small contribution helped at least one person.

I married a farmer, six months after leaving Elkhorn. We raised three children, and now have six grandchildren. Am widowed now, but still live on our farm at Solsgirth, Manitoba. N- 10

MARGARET (GIBNEY) DYKES

Arrived at Elkhorn during the summer of 194 2 when the Principal was the Rev. Norman Middleton and the Matron was Miss Long. (I don't remember her first name). I was the new Junior Teacher and my class was Grades I and II. I played the organ for morning and evening prayers and for the Sunday Service.

Having grown up amongst the Indians on the Blackfoot and Sarcee Reserves in Alberta, I found myself at ease with the children I taught and enjoyed it very much. I taught several children to play the piano and to sing.

I can't remember highlights after so many years but I do remember how much fun we all had at harvest time when we spent many hours out in the fields helping with the threshing and sharing lunch together with staff and children.

My father died in 1943 and I returned home at the end of the school year in 1944 to help my mother who still had three children at home.

I worked in a business office until 1954, when I married an Anglican priest. We served several parishes in the Calgary Diocese and raising our three child­ ren. Retired now, I enjoy travelling, and being with my .. four grandchildren.

CLAUDE ARTHUR EUGENE TUTTHILL

Claude Arthur Eugene Tutthill was born at Redisham Suffolk England in December, 1905. He immigrated to Canada in 1929 with his wife Sybil and daughter Hazel. They worked as a farm couple at Kisbey, Sask. and later moved to Manitoba in 1931 to the Virden District and gradually through a progression of moves arrived at Elkhorn in 1933. They worked for the mother and father of the Late Judge J.W. Thompson who was also an M.P. of the Manitoba Provincial Government. Started farming on their own and continued working for other farmers. N-11

Claude started working as a Gardener at the Anglican Indian Residential School in 1945. He was responsible for the lovely turn about flower beds which enhanced the front of the driveway at the A.I.R.S. He had a huge vegetable garden on the right hand ·side of-the driveway. This was super­ visory capacity and the labor was done by the students. I'm sure anyone reading this will remember the days in the garden. With a quick snack in the carrot patch or some potatoes to roast out in the bush with a rabbit or some popped wheat. Other duties included such things as supervising boys in the dormitories or looking for runaways. How about this Doris? Or acting with the students in the plays put on in the School, as well as, down town when Mr. Hiltz was Principal. I'm sure the boys, Ernest espec­ ially, will remember unloading loads of coal also the trips home L1 the summer and back in the fall.

The names of Francis and Wilcox come to mind on these trips. The School was a very active part in the town and community. The School closed in June 1949 and Claude and Sybil moved to the St. Albans Indian Residential School at Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, (former North West Mounted Police Barracks). Rev. Archer Scrase was Principal. Here they were very pleased to meet some of the children that they had worked with at Elkhorn and later their children. Claude was Engineer and Bus Driver and remained there until he retired in 1967. Sybil joined the staff there also in the capacity of Laundry Matron, also retiring in 1967.

They continued to keep in touch with many former students and staff. They always had an open door and welcomed the native people whenever they would call.

Claude passed away in Victoria Hospital, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan in 1974 and is buried in the cemetery at Elkhorn, Manitoba.,

Sybil moved back to Elkhorn in 1974 to be near her family and enjoyed retirement in her own home. She also enjoyed corresponding with many staff and students until the time of her death in October, 1989. She is also buried with Claude in the Elkhorn Cemetery.

"To live in the hea~t:; l"''f those wele.ave behind is not to· die"

'~~~0'~~~ .

HAZEL (TUTTHTLLl WILLIAMS Hazel (Williams) Tutthill, Bernard's sister also worked at the Anglican Indian Residential School in 1946.

She worked at the Laundry as well as Girls' Supervisor. On her trips back to Elkhorn we often talked about former students and staff that were at the School at that time. Hazel now resides in Vancouver. She has two children and two grand­ children. Her husband passed away in 1987. N-12

ETTA (BLACK) TUTTHILL

Etta Black came to work at the Elkhorn Anglican Indian Residential School in October, 1947 from Holm­ field, Manitoba. My connection for this position was made through student Minister Orville Spencer who went on to be an Ordained Anglican Minister and now lives in the United States.

Supervisor Gordon Stone (now deceased), both from Holmfield, Manitoba and were working at the School. I · held the capacity of Girls' Supervisor which I enjoyed very much. The Principal at this time was B.O.G. Dixon for a short time and then the Principal was J. Woods.

Staff members that come to mind were Mr. and Mrs. D. Stoddart, Miss McNiel, Mrs. Toone, Mrs. Scott, Ina Pratt, Margaret Thomas, Eva Frey, Roy Smith, Russ Baker.

I remember the dances in the dining room at nites and all had a good time. While working at the Indian School I met and married my husband Bernard Tutthill who was also working as Boys' Supervisor for the winter months at the School the year of 1947-48. Many of the memories that Bernard has in connection with the School students were sport connections when the Anglican Indian Residential School students would come up town and beat us. Hockey and ball or most anything. Wars over the swimming hole; Ernest and Daniel will remember this the pale face usually lost out. We still keep in touch with some of the former students. There are still lots of memories in the district of. church parades. Field days and Christmas concerts. Saturday parades to go uptown for treats.

Bernard and I were married in May, 1950 and still continue to live in Elkhorn. We had five children and now enjoy twelve grandchildren. Bernard continued to operate the Family Construction and Ridi Mix Cement business along with the the boys.

We celebrated our 40th Wedding Anniversary in May, 1990, which our family were all able to attend along with many friends.

JAMES PARTRIDGE

My name is James Partridge. I was born at The Pas Reserve. I arrived at Elkhorn Residential School in 1943. I was only nine years old then. My first recollection of the School was a lonely life for me, because I had never left home before. It was lonely mainly because I felt I was all alon~. For this reason, I could not get along with the other studentso This is why there was a lot .of conflictions amongst the students. I spent approximately six years in that School before being transferred to Prince Albert Residential School. N-13

While at Elkhorn, I took part in sports such as hockey, baseball, ch~sing girls, and whatever sports there was going on at the School. We also competed against the local teams from town, and surrounding area. We also competed amongst ourselves, such as senior and intermediate boys, and also classroom teams competing amongst each other.

Come Christmas time, we used to hold Christmas concerts at the School. Many local people from town used to come and see us doing our stuff. The most enjoyable things I did was singing songs, and going to the little chapel on Sundays. We used to have fire drills during the nights around twelve, two, or three in the mornings. We all had to run outside at those certain nights. We used to love chasing girls. The most enjoyable thing was watching our senior team practice in the night time, until they could no longer see the puck.

As far as other activities were concerned, we worked at the local School farm. We used to get up around five o'clock in the mornings. We all had different chores such as feeding the horses, looking after the chickens, and feeding and milking the cows. We also planted the gardens in the spring and also harvested the crop in the fall, and others would be threshing grain for the winter use.

Since I left achool, I have been a labourer working for the C.N.R. on the Extra Gangs, doing bush work, cutting lines, and doing any kind of labour work I could find. I am not working now. I am retired and my health is deter- iorating slowly. I am still single. I am still looking for a woman to marry, but they all seem to be taken.

When I left Elkhorn Residential School in 1949, I was fifteen years old. We were transferred to All Saints' School at Prince Albert, Saskatchewan. I had a chance to go back to Prince Albert, until I was twenty-one years old, but I chose not to go back to the School, instead I went to work.

They used to call me "SCALES" at the School, and the name stuck. Today, I am still known as "SCALES" for a nickname.

THE REVEREND DONALD PRATT

It was in the year 1931, at the age of twelve years old, that I entered the Indian Boarding School at Elkhorn, Manitoba. However, I was only at the School for a period of five years. It was in the spring of 1936 when my father was very sick with tracoma, and that the grain on the farm had to be seeded, and attended to; and so he asked the Principal if I could take leave of absence from school so as to put the crops in. His request was granted. I went home with my father in the spring of 1936, and you know - I never returned to school. Already I was seventeen years old. Maybe that was the reason I did not go back because it was the policy of the School in those days that when you have reached the age of eighteen years, you had to leave school. N-14

However, during those five years at school, I learned from my instructors how to operate a farm. It was my ambition in those days to be a farmer. I knew that sooner or later I would have to take over the farm from my father. He had a fairly large farm with horses and cattle. I believe that was the reason why he sent me to school at Elkhorn, because in those days you were taught how to operate the machinery, as well as, how to tend to the cattle and horses, pigs and chickens. It was good training and good discipline that came out of that School.

And because of this formal training, I never regretted attending the School at Elkhorn. But as I said earlier, I was only at the School for a short time.

There is one true story which I must tell because it concerns one of my dear friends who attended the School at Elkhorn just about the same time that I was there.

I remember in mid-November of 1932, when snow was already on the ground, that these two little boys got off the afternoon train. They had come from a reserve near Prince Albert, Saskatchewan. One boy was about twelve years old, and the smaller of the two boys was five years old.

What really surprised me was, that when these boys were asked question after question by the Principal, Mr. Eley, in the office, that the little boy gave all the answers. What amazed me most of all was, that the little boy could speak good English. Usually, when any student first entered school, he or she could speak little or no English at all. But we were amazed that he understood every word the Principal said to them. No\v why was that? I found out later that the boys were in the Prince Albert Sanitorium for a couple of years, and it was there that they had learned to speak the language. It was there also, that they completely lost their original language, which was Cree. The boys were raised by their grandparents.

Anyway, this young boy of whom I am referring to, is none other than Daniel Umpherville and his brother was Percy Umpherville. These boys got along very well in school.

s·tudents ancl Staff during The Rev'd Eley's time. N 15

The REVEREND ML~ SPENCE see also: E-22 and G-2

Ahab Spence was born on the Split Lake Reserve in Northern Manitoba. He was the son of pomad trapp~rs who, although they themselves did not speak English,had a deep understanding of the value of sound learning and wished their son to be provided with the best educational opportunity that it was possible to obtain. Such an opportunity was not available at Split Lake as there existed no school on the reserve. However,there was,located at The Pas,Manitoba,an P~glican Residential School in which Ahab could obtain the hoped-for educat­ ional foundation under the guidance of trained and caring persons.

THE MACKAY SCHOOL - THE PAS

school hospital church

One day, following a canoe trip of some three hundred miles,the young would-be scholar and his trapper father appeared on the steps of the ~~cKay Residential School.There they met the school principal,the Reverend Arthur ~iinchin. Mr.Spence proudly announced to Mr.Minchin that he 'had brought his son to this school as he wanted Ahab to be a clergyman just like him. To this, the kind-hearted principal replied,"I cannot make a clergyman out of your boy; he will have to do that himself, if God wills it to be so~ The rest of the story is church history.

Ahab with students and staff - MacKay SchoolJ1920 - Mr.Minchin in top center

continued page N 16 I

AHAB SPENCE:- continued N 16

In November,1929, Ahab transferred to the residential school in Elkhorn, Manitoba and continued his education in the village High School.Later he was to complete his high school education in Prince Albert,Saskatchewan. He then entered Emmanuel College,Saskatoon graduating with a ·degree in .theology,J93.7. . .

His first appointment ~as to Stanley Mission,Saskatchewan where he served for six years, travelling the region by canoe and dog team. In 1940,Ahab was united in Holy Matrimony with Elizabeth Bear and they have six children. In 1943 he transferred to Little Pines Reserve where he served as teacher and missionary. Four years later he was called to the Parish of Payton cum Maidstone as rector. During his early years as a missionary,Ahab continued to study, taking five university courses by correspondence.In 1952 he received his Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Saskatchewan. Ahab became rector of the Parish of Wilkie in 1956,for the first time min­ istering to a white congregation. In 1955,he was collated a canon and became a member of General Synod,a post that he held until 1963. In 1957 he became a supplementary chaplain to the R~C.A.F. In 1959 he became archdeacon of Indian work in the Diocese of Saskatoon.In 1961 he was named archdeacon of the west part of the same diocese. Among his other activities,he was provincial chairman of Indian Education for the Home and School and Parent-Teacher Federation and International chair­ man of its committee on Indian-Eskimo edilication. In March,1964,Ahab headed a home and school delegation in presenting a brief to Han. Rene Tremblay, then Minister of Citizenship and Immigration. He was also active in work with the Indian-Eskimo Association of Canada and was general chairman of its fourth annual conference. After serving the church in Saskatchewan for 25 years, he was named as the principal of the Pellican Indian Residential School at Sioux Lookout,Ontario. In 1964 the Reverend Ahab Spence was awarded the highest academic honour ever accorded a Canadian Indian. At the Spring Convocation of the University of Saskatchewan,this son of nomad trappers from the far north reserve of Split Lake,Manitoba received the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws. It was the culmination of l.;.A parents vision and determination that: he receive a good education and become a clergyman "just like his first principal" and 2:A young boys dream and determination to "Aim High" and gain the goal that forty five years previously he had set for his life. Shortly after receiving the honorary degree Dr.Spence was granted leave of absence from the Anglican Church to join Indian Affairs as a branch comm­ unity development officer.

* The picture to the right was taken in December,l936, when Ahab Spence (arrow) visited the Residential School,Elkhorn, and his first principal and first school teacher, the Rev'd Arthur and Mrs.Minchi Here ·he ~s ~een with Mr and ·Mfs ' Minc~in, Kels and Nancy along with members of the staff. Dr. Spence returned to Elkhorn as the guest speaker during the reunion of former students and staff m~mbers of the Elkhorn Public and High School which was held in July. 1977. N-17

DANIEL ROBERT UMPHERVILLE

I attended the Elkhorn Residential School from 1932-1944, at the early age of 5 years old. My brother, Percy Umpherville and I were sent to School at Elkhorn, immediately after our release from the Prince Albert Sanitorium, Sask­ atchewan where we spent 22 months. Our entire family was infected with Tuberculosis. The local minister on the reserve told my grand­ parents, - who raised us up, because our mother passed away of T.B., when I was at the age of 2 years, - that the boys ought to be in a boarding school where they would get proper care and attention. They would be well looked after. So grandmother gave her permission. Five years later at school, Percy was stricken with T.B. again and was sent to the Ninnette Sanitorium, Manitoba, where he passed away in 1938 at the age of 18 years. I was 11 years old at that time. Percy was my big brother, and he really cared for me when I was very young at school. I am indebted to this wonderful person. Percy was 12 years old when he entered Elkhorn School.

After graduation from Grade 8 at Elkhorn town school in 1944, I trans­ ferred to the Prince Albert Residential S~hool where I took four years of high school at the Prince Albert Collegiate Insitute. The reason for my transfer was that a new school had opened up, similar to the one at Elkhorn. Another reason for my transfer was that I would be closer to home, as my reserve, Muskoday Reserve, was only 12 miles from the school. After graduation from Prince Albert Collegiate Institute- 1948, I proceeded to Wycliffe College, University of Toronto to train for the ministry in the Anglican Church. I graduated in the spring of 1953. In the fall of 1953 I then attended Teacher's College in Saskatoon for one year and there received an Interim Teachers Certificate in June 1954. Later I completed my teaching certificate with a B.Ed. and a B.A. degree at the University of Saskatchewan to become a fully qualified teacher. On July 4, 1954 I was ordained a priest. I began my work in the fall of 1954 on the Thunderchild Reserve, and for the next 30 years I served and worked as a priest and as a teacher in several Indian Communities west and north of Prince Albert. The communities were: Thunderchild Reserve 1954-60; Sturgeon Lake Reserve 1960-62; returned to Thunderchild Reserve 1962-64; (Got married June 5, 1964 to Phyllis Wunder): Pelican Lake Reserve 1965-66; Onion Lake Reserve 1966-73; (Our two daughters were born at Onion Lake, Pamela Joy - 1967 and Patti-Anne Lynn - 1970); and Whitefish Reserve 1980-84. I was hired as a teacher by the Depart­ ment of Indian Affairs - Ottawa. I was seconded from Indian Affairs in 1974 and was employed as student-counsellor and instructor for Indian Studies for native students in the Indian Teacher Education Program, (I.T.E.P.) at the University of Saskatchewan, (Education Department) for a period of six years 1974-80. My work included tutoring and supervising the students in their INA (PRATT) WHITECLOUD N-2 C

Ina Pratt, having completed her Grade Twelve with distinction was among the Elkhorn High School Grad­ uation Class. Here, also was an Indian School resident who having "Aimed High", had found success in her academic endeavours as she was to do in her choice of future fields of endeavour. Ina, along with Margaret Thomas, a former student and staff member, attended the Man­ itoba Normal School Summer Class. In September, both young women

returned to Elkhorn and were appo~ntE to teaching positions.

Following the year of teaching ;

Elkhorn, both young ladies, transfer~eci . to the Residential School at Alert Bay and were on the teaching staff at that School. Ina found it necessary to retu home due to illness in the .family. She later married and is presently (1990) the Home and School Co-ordinator for the beautiful and impressive Sioux Valle~ Educational Centre.

"'The Pratt Family

_, N-21

SUPPER FOR SIX --JOSELA'S STORY By: A W.A.Member

The following story appeared in the June,l948 issue of The Living Message magazine. It is considered to be worth telling here in that it sheds light on the pride that one person revealed in having been a graduate of the Indian Residential School at Elkhorn,Manitoba.

When my young friend,Josela, invited me to supper,I hesitated before accep­ ting. It seemed as if this young mother who is shortly expecting her fourth child had enough to do in making supper for her three lively little girls and a local trapper who regularly eats with the family when he is in town. However, Josela reminded me that her Swedish husband was out on the trap-line and that still another of her regular guests was away,so I yielded to her persuasions. A few hours later I went to her home, taking with me some picture books that had arrived in a W.A. bale. Fair-haired Mildred, about eight, and her six-year old sister,Saundra, ran to help me take off my things,while dark­ haired Annie hovered in the rear,fixing her gaze on those picture-books. Soon each child was happily "reading" while Josela made her final preparations for the meal, and I was enquiring about the trapper's sick wife some three hund­ red miles away. When grace had been said, we all enjoyed an excellent supper and the child­ ren behaved beautifully throughout the meal. We had a perfectly cooked salmon loaf with piping hpt scalloped potatoes, followed by a· home-made chocholate cake and canned peaches. Plenty of bread and butter besides milk for the child­ ren and tea for the rest of us completed the menue. Everything was spotless and the living room in which we ate the meal was both clean and comfortable with the furniture typical of a Canadian home. Little Annie sat beside me and although I was a complete stranger,she let me butter her bread and serve her with the various dishes while her Mother ~ .. was busy with other duties. Later in the evening when Annie and her sisters were sleeping soundly,Josela and I enjoyed a good talk which clearly revealed her fine qualities both as a Mother and as a Christian woman with a definite sense of the difference between right and wrong. She courteously invited me to wait in her home until the arrival of my train at a very late hour. When I finally persuaded her to go to bed for the sake of_her own health and that of the babe soon to arrive, Josela performed yet another gracious act by bring­ ing me a pillow in a clean case so that I might rest a little on the couch while waiting for my train. I did not sleep,however, but spent my time study­ ing my pleasant surroundings and thinking of all that this young dweller of the North had achieved. The central attraction of that room seemed to me to be the colourful dip­ loma which stated that JOSELA HAD GRADUATED FROM THE ELKHORN ANGLICAN INDIAN RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL IN JUNE,l937. WELL DONE,JOSELA! HOW LOUISE MCGILLVARY FINDS HER JOB

Louise McGillvary is a young Indian from northern Manitoba who has high hopes of one day opening her own beauty salon.

She is building her experience step by step in Portage la Prairie.

Miss McGillvary, a member of The Pas band, went to the Elkhorn day school and later comp­ leted grade eight at Prince Albert Residential School.

"I had always been interested in hairdressir and was told my my mother that I should ask the advice of the superintendent at The Pas. He made all the necessary arrangements for me to enter the hair­ dressing course at Manitoba Technical Institute in 1957."

Miss McGillvary had been away from school for six years before entering Manitoba Tech - part of this time she was employed at the Prince Albert Res­ idential School - but she passed her course without difficulty in eight monthE

"Toward the end I was interviewed by the placement officer for Manitoba who told me there was an opening for a hairdresser at Portage la Prairie whict had come through the National Employment Service. The placement officer and I went to Portage where I was interviewed by Miss J. McGuire of the NES. She made arrangements for me to see Mrs. McPherson at Dema's Beauty Parlor and she accepted me."

Miss McGillvary worked there nine months then, when the owner had to reduce staff and move from her shop to her home because of ill health, she was released. She went home for a week, then returned to Portage, went back to the National Employment Service, and referred to her present employer, Miss Violet Carter.

After living in Portage for a few months she joined St. Mary's Anglican Church and several church groups. "I have been very kindly received," she adds.

"I have been able to acquire very suitable lodgings in a boarding home and my reception here also has been most kindly. I am very happy living and working in Portage.u From: The Indian News, May, 1960. 0:-2 3

~- 1r s . ~ 1 . S co t t Mr s . l'v! • Toone :lis e; :L Pratt H r s . I da Oakey

Cl aude Tut:::hill :1is.c: :1arv Sims :1 i s s I r e n e Di x o n >1 r. ::.,. ~·1r s . lr c.1licz

~iss Margaret Thomas Mrs. Hamilton and :t'-1rs.Oa~\.ey Miss M. Gi bney+ Mrs. Davis

The Di:wns ~fj ss Marion Pavey \fr . Doug Hill N- 24

SEEING MRS. HAMILTON OFF THE MELODE.ARS

SOME STAFF - 19 23 -33 INA PRATT

i*~~-~ \

.. , ~ T. 1 '~ _ , . ~

FIELD DAY - THE. SCHOOL- FLAG MRS. OMZEY -MISS WOODS

GIRL GARDENERS AWAY FOR A PICNIC

0-1

0

APPENDIX I

ACKl.'iOWLEDGMENT S

I take this opportunity to acknowledge the following contributors who have made possible t h e telling of the story of The Washakada Indian and Industrial School and The Anglican Indian Residential School.

GORDON MATTHEWS: Who designed and calligraphed the cover.

ELIZABETH BLIGHT - ARCHIVIST - Provincial Archives, Manitoba. Department of Culture, Heritage and Recreation, who provided me with the "Seventh Annual Report of The Washakada Indian Home", Manitoba Legis_lative Library; "The List of Pupils 1888-1903 and Essays" held in the archival records of the. Fort La Boisse S.D. #41 (Box 13).

KAREN NICHOLSON - HISTORIAN - Historic Resources Branch, Manitoba Depart­ ment of Culture, Heritage and Recreation, who provided me with a copy of her unpublished research manual, "A Review of the Heritage Resources of Virden Wallace Planning District", as well as perni·ission to use excerpts from the same. This publication provided the support material for the section on "The Washa­ kada School", some information in Section D "The Years Between", and Section A '-'The Demolition Years".

DO.LtOTHY KEALEY - ARCHIVIST - General Synod of the Anglican Church of Canada who researched the M.S.C.C archival material of the Indian and Eskimo School Commission and the Indian School Administration and provided me with_ reports of meetings upon which the body of this story, Sections E to K is based. Ms.Kea­ ley also researched and provided me with the stories that had appeared from time to time in The Living Message Magazine. 0-2 J

TIMOTHY ELEY of England, who returned to Canada and Elkhorn the files on his father's time as Principal of the Elkhorn Residential School 1923-1933, and to BILL BARTLEY of Elkhorn, the custodian of these files, who provided me with the pictures and Elkhorn Newspaper articles appearing in Section E, and the picture appearing in Section F •

. GARTH MITCHELL - Elkhorn Municipal Secretary-Treasurer who led me to the .discovery of the Eley Files.

LISA PATTERSON - ARCHIVIST - Historical Resources Branch, National Archives of Caru1da who ·provided me with the information on Elkhorn Residential School files and micro-films which led to providing support matter both for the Indian Affairs material quoted in Section C "The Washaka.da School" and Section D "The Years Between", as well as the ·file that led to the discovery of the location and ownership of the School Cemetery, which information has led to the restoration of the Cemetery.

PATRICIA M. BADERTSCHER, of the Historic Resources Branch of Manitoba, Department of Culture, Heritage and Recreation, who notified me of the exist­ ence of Karen Nicholson's Manual.

MARION SEAMONE (SIPLEY): for permission to use excerpts from her book, "Elkhorn 1882-1967".

THE REVEREND CANON DANIEL UMPHERVILLE who provided the little stories entitled "Remember When" and "A Tribute to Canon Minchir..". Sections G and H.

ALL FORMER STUDENTS AND STAFF who contributed their stories in Section N.

WANDA SHAW who has spent hours deciphering the author's handwriting and typ~ng out the two-hundred plus pages that make up this book.

LINDA SANFTLEBEN who copied the IA RG10 excerpts from micro-films and who, along with DARLENE _KREKLEWlCH photocopied and collated the pages of the book.

JIM SCHMIDT of the Melville Advance who screened the pictures, rep:r:odueed the cover and bound the book together.

*All of which has been miraculously accomplished in less than five months.

"THE SPIRIT TRULY LIVES AND LEADS ON" APPENDIX II 0-3

PHOTO CREDITS My deepest appreciation to the following who have provided the photos used throughout this publication. H.B.M.

The Seventh AnnUa.l Report, Washakada Indian Home 1888...L.i8'95 Pages: B: 1-4-5-7-12-14

. The Living Message Magazine - Anglican Church Archives Pages: E6, G3, J4

Tim Eley - Bill Bartley - Files of the late Rev'd F. Eley Pages: El, 11, 12, 26, 28; F1; N, N16, N22

A.I.R.S. School Promotional Brochure - Eley File Pages: E22; F8, 9, 10; K9

Nancy (Minchin) Thompson Pages: G1, 8, 9, 10, 19, 20, 23, 26; M13

Elkhorn Centennial Book "Steel and Grass Roots" 1882-1982 Pages: B6; H2, 8; N17, 22

Daniel Umpherville: Photo Album of late Mrs. A.1. Hamilton Pages: Gl4, 16, 17, 21, 22, 26; H6, 9; J6; NS, 20, 21, 22

Margaret (Gibney) Dykes: Pages: G22, 26; H4, 6; N10, 21

Hilda (Corder) Workman Pages: H1, 6; N9, 21

The Author -Harry B. Miller - 1946 Photo Album, 1990 Pages: H7, 12; 1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 14; J1, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12 15-20; 13; M7, 8,; K9, 11, 12; 13; M14; N4, 20, 21

Annabelle (Stranger) Whittingham Pages: 1, 9, 10; J9; L4

Bernard and Etta Tutthill Page: J26; K7, 8; 12, 4; N10, 11, 12, 22

Winnifred (Jaffray) Mulligan Pages: H6; J7, 8, 21, 25, 28; K1; M12; N, N 5, 7

St. Mark's Anglican Church Centennial History 1887-1987 Pages: 1, 2; M1

Rosalyn (Young) Ing Indian News, May 1960 Page: N3 Pages: N15, 18 0-4

APPENDIX III

SOURCE CREDITS and IDENTIFICATION INITIALS

H.R. - Karen Nicholson's "A Review of the Heritage Resources of Virden­ Wallace Planning District", Manitoba Department of Culture, Heritage and Recreation: HISTORIC RESOURCES BRANCH

IA RG10 National Archives of Canada - Indian Affairs Micro-film RG10 -Vol. 3925 File 116-823-1A Not filmed RG10 - Vol. 10358 File 511/6-1-016 Pt. 1 s. Marion Seamone (Sipley) History of Elkhorn 1882-1967 M.A. Manitoba Archives - Fort La Boisse S.D. #41, Box 13 M.L.L. Manitoba Legislative Library A.C .A. Archives of the General Synod - Anglican Church of Canada ST. M St. Mark's Anglican Church History Book E.C.H. Elkhorn Centennial History Book 1882-1982

THE WASHAKADA HOME - THE SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT 1895-96

Page B 2 - H • R • 113 6 Virden Advance 1 August 1889 B 3 - H • R • 113 7 Ibid 3 October 1889 B4 - IAl RGlO BS - H.R. 1143 Virden Advance 2 November 1893 BS - H.R. 1144 Elkhorn Advocate 10 May 1894 Ibid Cl - IAl RGlO C1 - H.R. /149 Elkhorn Advocate 27 October 1897 C2 - H.R. #50 Ibid 14 September 1899 C2 - H.R. #51 Ibid C2 - IA2 RG10 C3 - C5 IA3 Ibid C5 - H • R • liS 3 Elkhorn Advocate 13 May 1909 C6 - IA4 RGlO C6 - C9 Ibid C9- H.R. #61 Memo Canadian - Indian Affairs C10- IA6 RGlO Cl0-C12 - IA7 RGlO Cl2 Enlisted Men- St. Mark's History, History of Elkhorn 1882-1967 .C14 - IA8 RGlO Cl4 - IA9 Ibid

continued: 0-5

APPENDIX III (continued:)

Page Cl5 - IAlO Ibid Cl5 - IAll Ibid Cl5 - IA12 Ibid Cl5 - IA13 Ibid

.APP EN.DI.X IV

/3 t.J S' /IV 1$.$ S RVE.

4~oc . ······ ··· · · - ·· ·· · -·~~ - · In- dica.te nor:h by l arrow '":-.. . N r 'No t

THE ELKHORN SITE OF THE WA.SHAKADA INDIAN HOME 1888-1895 0-6 APPENDIX IV

PUPILS ATTENDING WASHAKADA-:HOME A..~D INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL ·. JUNE, 1888 - JULY, 1903

Following is a list. of the first 200 plus pupils to attend the Washa.kada Indian Home and Industrial School. They represent eight nations: Blackfoot, Blood, Piegan, Cree, Chippeway, Saulteaux, Sioux and Delaware. Anyone fami­ liar with the names common to the various nations might be able to identify those areas of the country from which most of the pupils came. Many of the older pupils had already received a good standing in school on their reserves, before attending the Washakada to receive training in a specific trade that would fit them for work in communities off the reserve. MA 1

Marian Beesaw - HK Emma Lily Francis - Ch Josephine Matthews - HK Matilda Smith Elizabeth Clarke - HK Maggie Ben - S Jessie J. Thomas S Norah Anderson HW Mary Wechairgau - HM Maggie Thomas - HM Victoria Flett - HW Elizabeth Benjamin - S Agnes Flett - S Sarah Ann Sere - HM Marie Frosiod Christina Sutherland - HM Katie Fiddler - HM Jane Fraser Alice E. La Clare - S Mary Ann Standstill - L Rose Kakakewy Rachel H. Thomas - L Sarah Thomas - Ch Agnes Thompson - HW Ena Garrick - C Caroline Sneider - L Jessie Smith - T Anne Eliz. Henderson - Ch Esther Smith - L Victoria Sutherland - PT Flor. Eliz. Johnson - Cq Edith Kakichpenad - Ch Isabella Slater - HW Christie Bell Sinclair Sarah Jane Harper - L Ruth Agnes Sinclair ~Ary Jane Harper - L Sarah Winona Abby Anthony - C Catherine Harper - C Eliza Sarah M. Pratt - L Sarah Bella Stevens - HM Wihhelimina Slater Agnes May - D Louisa Light - HM Alice Slater - HM Fanny Bear Nellie Mahpiyask - HM Winona Louisa Cochrane - H Mary Mahkiyask - S Sarah B. Sutherland - L Gracie Francis - HM Victoiria Kesickeacombk - ID Winona Frances Sutherland - S Lucy Palt - S Annie Hotaine - D Nellie Francis - Ch Jane Popahdinagot - HM Susan Hunter Margaret McLeod - HW Lucy Jolin Geloch Eva Williams Jane McLeod - L Alice Oyemakasna - HM Annie Ben Harriet McLeod - HK Harriet Axe - C Kate Harriet J. Moore - L Jenny Cooper - HM Eliza A. Harper - C Jane Flett - C & L Rachelle Henderson - CH S. A. Sutherland - HW Bella Monkman - L Ada Icaga Harriet Smith - S Clementina Thomas - HW Nancy M. Mahpiyshanka - HM 1 Mabel L. Cook - L & C Mamie Moore - HM Alice Ruth White Cloud - Ch

Ch Chore HK Housekeeper L Laundress c Cook HM Housemaid PT Pupil Teacher D Domestic HW Housework s Seamstress T Tailoress 0-9

Mrs. J. Webster B/S Mrs. Groutage - L - BS Mrs. Webster KM J. Clade Miss Middleton T c. Copeland - G Miss ··cameron s J .R. Duke BD Sergeant Ingram G W.J. Thompson - PD Mr. G. Barrett G J . Me Crac ken - TD Mr. J. Goldie - MD Wilcox & Ramsay - SK Mrs. A.E. Wilson - M W.J. Taggart - B Miss Climas - s J. Ellerington - T Miss Stanway - c J.W. Car win - Hm.Kr Miss Richardson -KM Mr. Ingram - A/P Miss Flavell L Mr. W.J. Lawrence - FI Simington -CD Mrs E.J. Seale ..;. M J. ~~~@~

PRINCIPALS -ACTING PRINCIPALS - STAFF 1923-1949

Every effort has been made to identify staff members and the position held. Most staff, both at the School and in official documents, were addressed only by their surname; thus, it has been impossible to give either initials or first names to many. The positions held by some are not noted in the official docu­ ments researched and are therefore not listed. Some staff, over their years of service, are listed as filling varying positions, but, in the main, only one of those positions is noted. *The author would appreciate hearing from any reader who might be able to more clearly identify any person whose initial or name is missing or whose position held is not noted.

ANGLICAl.~ INDIAN -- RESIDENTIAL .SCHOOL - 1923-1949 PRINCIPALS AND ACTING PRINCIPALS

Rev'd F. Eley April 5, 1923 - July 31, 1933 Mr. Bradley A/P Canon -., S.J. Wickens August 1, 1933 -October 31, 1936 Canon A. E. Minchin November 1, 1936 - January 30, 1942 Mr. G. Hicks · A/P February 1, 1942 - June, 1942 Rev'd C.N. Middleton June 13, 1942 - May 1, 1944 Mr. Hodkinson A/P May, 1944 - August, 1944 Mr. R.C. Hiltz A/P September, 1944 - June, 1945 Capt. HoB. Miller C.A. A/P July, 1945 Rev'd B.O.G Dixon August, 1945 - November, 1947 Mr. D.A.B Stoddart A/P November, 1947 - . May, 1948 Rev'd W.W.J Woods May, 1948 - June, 1949 School closed out June 30, 1949. 0-1 0 STAFF MEMBERS 1923-1949

G.M. Shaw - FI Miss Scholes - BS Mr. Francis FI Miss Butcher - BS Mrs·. Francis - D Miss L .M. Barager - GA Miss K. Lindsay -HM Mrs. Wegener - A/FJ:1 Mrs. Duncan -KM Miss Margarson - GA Mr. P. Dawson - V/PT Mr. George Lawson - GA/rL~ Miss Myrtle Reid - L & s Miss Muriel Crocker - GS Mr. Plump ton Mr. John Mcintyre - GA Mr. Harris - FI Miss E. Hart - A/JOf Mr. c.c. Cook Miss Doris Oakey - GS Mr. Minielly Mr. p. T. Williams -VP Mrs. McCatiison - BS Miss I .M. Dale - GA Miss Mellor Miss Hoben - BS ·- Miss Alice Hart - BS Mrs. Bonte - L & s Miss E. R. Mattich - T Mr. R. Ingram - E Mrs. J. Charters -KM Mr. Adams - E Miss F.L. Crosby - T Miss J. Cowan - GS Mr. Harrison GA Miss G. Melvill - GS Mr. Tait Miss Tomlinson - L & s Mr. Davies V/PT Miss Spalding - L & S .. Miss Miller - BS Mr. D.A.B. Stoddart - E/AP Miss A.B. C. Dunn - T Miss E.M. Nicholls -·JOf Mrs. Sayer - BS Miss B. Baird - BS Mr. Gravil Miss c. Smith -KM Mrs. M. Dunn - T Mrs. Evans -KM Miss D.M. Bradley - A/KM Miss F. Howe -KM Mr. G. F. Levee -VP Mr. Foot -VP Mr. Cook - GA Miss Williams - HM Mrs. Cook - A/KM Miss s Swain - T Mrs. Hall Miss Nicholle - L & s Mrs. Croasdell -KM Miss M. Palmer - D & B Mr. H.M. Cooke Mr. F .H. Canniff - E Miss Mount - T Miss Ferguson - GS Miss Blackburn - GS Miss Field - T Miss Billett Mr. W.H. Bradley - V/PT Mr. Andrews - V P/T Miss Bower - D & B Mr. Lord - VP Miss Jessie Plant -KM Mrs. Lord - D & B Miss Heaton - BS Mr. Flett Miss K. Harvey - BS Miss Cameron -KM Nurse c. Chennells -HM Miss Turner -KM Miss Tomkins -KM Mr .. Arthur Gibson - E Miss Faville - GS Mr. Dill - V P/T Miss Leech - T Miss Reid -HM Miss Storn -KM Mr. J. Grimshaw - FI Nurse Wyatt -HM Mrs. McCarthy - T Miss Marsland - BS Miss Seale -HM Mr. Stevenson - E Mr. McLeod - GA Miss Doris Lister - BS Miss Brewster - T Miss E.D. Clements - GS Miss E.M. Bussey - BS Miss J.S. Fryer - BS Mr. Hadden - E Miss Ada B. Grant - BS Mr. J.B. Boyes - T Miss Doris Outram - L & s Miss E.D. Clements GS 0-11

Miss Kellet -LM Miss M. Kilford - ST Mr. Hodgson - G/P Miss Macinnes - T Miss Vera Fryer - T Miss H.E. Kilbey - T Mrs. s.s. Crampton - T Mr. Buxton - B/M Miss Edith McKay - T Miss M.E. Carroll - B & D Miss K. Hichens - L & s Miss Perrin - B & D Miss J. Muirhead - SM Miss Bygott - T Miss Ida Favelle -KM Capt. c. Johnson C.A.- B/M Mr. F.J. Searle - E/AP Miss M.G. Woodburn - BS Nurse R.M. Long -HM Mr. T.H. Grainger - GA Mr. Noel Thomas - GA/Fl Mr. Pevey - FI Mr. Armstrong Miss Yallop - LM Mr. Douglas Oakey -NW Mr. Maclachlan - T Miss C.E. Stratton - GS Miss Fulton - BS/KM Mrs. York - N Mr. Walmseley - T Miss Anne Saunders - T Nurse Megarry -HM Mr. York - FI Miss A. Sullivan - BS Miss M. Favelle - GS Miss Irene Sproule - GA · Miss Marian Gauden - T Miss G.M. Sherstone - T Mr. Norman Green - T Miss V .M. Hill - T Miss J. Rutherford - T Mrs. Spooner - GA Miss Ida Cockriell - T Miss McCarthy - T Miss H. Pavey - T Mrs. McGillivary - T Mary Manningway .-Nurse K.T. Morrice -HM Mr. Stainthorpe- G Mr. G. Lethbridge - T Miss L. Vincent - LS Mrs. E.J. Powell - BS Miss Grace Marter - GS Miss Hazel Tutthill - GA Miss R.I. Atkinson - BS Mr. Carl Dahl - FI Mrs. Graham Mr. c. · Tutthill - G/FI Mr. Eisler Mrs. Bert Hartley E Miss Muir Miss Petti.t · - BS Miss F. Clark -SM Mrs. M. Toone - T Miss G. Clair - .GS Mrs. Ida Oakey -KM Miss Irons - N Ex. R.C. Priest - BS Mrs. Jeffrey - T Miss Katie Beanland -HM Miss E. Sims - B & D Miss Irene Dixon - T Mrs. Jenkins - B & D Capt. Harry Miller - M/T Mr. G. Birchall - G Miss M. Thomas - GS/T Mr. D. Hicks - A/P Miss McNeil - SM Miss Grainger - GA Miss Mary Sims - GS & N Mr. Cousins - G Miss M. Pratt - BS Miss Rowan -LM Mr. B. Hodkinson -BM &AP Mrs. Hamilton - T Mrs. M. Scott -KM Miss M. Gibney - T Mr. G. Galicz - MTT Miss Sand bach - BS Mrs. G. Galicz - T Mrs. w. Northcutt - B & D Nurse L.S. Seale - N Miss Agnes Gemmell -KM Mr. B. Tutthill Miss Koechertiz - GA Miss E. Frey Mrs. Spouse - T Miss M. Woodburn - L ··Mr. Northcut - G Mr. Stone - B - BM Miss M. Povey - DB Miss Etta Black GS Miss Elsie Parkinson - T Miss M. . ' Vincent - T . c

ijrs. Brown B & D Mrs. D.A.B. Stoddart - GS Miss Alice Davies - T Mr. Marten - NH Mr. R.M. Frazer - GA Mrs. Marten - GS Miss E. Stephenson -KM Miss Walker Mr. J. Fleming - GA Miss Morgan -KM Miss R. Snuggs - HM/KM Miss Woods - T Miss H. . Corder - SM & GS Miss Farrow - T Miss J. Hives -HM Mrs. Tate - SM Mrs. Blackburn - SM Miss Moulton -KM Mrs. Minchin - T Mr. Eaker- E Miss Cameron -KM Mr. B.M • . Smyth· - FI Miss Harvey - T Miss Holland -HM Miss Fisher - T Miss Hauver - T Mrs. White Miss W. Jaffray - T Mr. B.O.G. Dixon - T Miss E. Palmer - N-M Mr. D. Will - GA Miss A.G~ Croasdell - A/KM ..~<:§?~~

The total number of staff working at the School over twenty-five year_~ has been exceedingly great. It would appear that many stayed only a very short time; and this is correct. However, many legitimate and extenuating circumstance could have been involved with these people leaving the School. A review of the names and positions held will reveal that several gave many years of dedicated and unselfish service to the School and children.

Some served twice on the School staff. Othe~s dedicated one, two or three years of their lives to the School work and then moved on to other positions which they qualified for and felt called to fill. Still others inspired by their experience of working both with and on behalf of the children of this Residential School, moved on to a higher calling and service in the Church. Several found that, although they had entered the service of the School with every intent to fill a need, the work of a residential insitutior was not for them, and, admitting their inability to meet the demands of the work they left downhearted no doubt but still carrying with them a love for the children they had wanted to help. Many left to enter the blissful state of matrimony.

The crowning feature of those sixty years of service to the School and the children who dwelt there was that the Saviour's love was shared by dedicated stS.ff and students in a manner that has inspired the title of this book "The Spirit Lives On". ~~@~ 0-14

ADDITIONAL PHOTO CREDITS

Re; Chapter M - The Reunion Story: Daniel Umpherville : M 1,2,5,6,8,12,13,14 Harry B.Miller: M 1,2,6,7,8,9,11,19,22,25,31,32,33,34,40,42. Jack Tivy: M 2,3,34,35,37,38 Hilda Workman: M 2,19,23,28 ..,.._·:. .. Bert Hartley: M 38 Gladys Cook: M 1,2,6,7,10,12,14,15,16,18,21,29,30,36 St.. :Mark's Church Centennial Committee: M 20,39 Winnifred Mulligan: M 40 Bill Bartley (Eley Files): M 41

ADDITIONAL PHOTOS BELOW Happy Faces Margaret Dykes,Doris Pratt, Mrs ~.L.~ilton

Lena Tobacco Mathilda Constant Hazel Essie Several good friends 1943-44 staff members Doris .Do'Wan in front /.. .. -.

~ ~· '•

Going Home For Holidays N0 RT HW E S T T E RR I T 0 RI E S

lsASKATCHE\'IAN tt~ANITOBA ALBERTA II This Map depicts the centres from which,and over the years, students had Elkhorri to either receive or further their education in the Washakada and Anglican Industrial Schools (1888 - 1918) and the Anglican Indian Resid­ ential School (1924- 1949). First Natio~s represented incltided the Blood, Blackfoot and Peigan of southern Alberta; the Plains Cree,Cree,Saulteaux and X York •X ,Gillalll Assiniboipe o_f Saskatchewan; the Sioux,Cree, Saulteaux,Ojibway,Chip,@wya.n Split Lake .x., • x York Landin from Manitoba; the Delaware from Ontario, and the Inuit (Eskimo) from the .,x Ilford Northwest Territories.Of course, not all attended at one time,though most did

~n the early years. As Industrial and Residential schools were established •X Wabowden I. further west and north,students were drawn more from Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Following the loss,by fire, of the Residential school at The Pas,pupils attended from as far north as Churchill • X Moose Lake and the· Northwest Territories. • X The Pas )~ PRIHCE ALBERT • X Cedar ·Lake • . ~ Th~ _Battlefor{iq •X- Ki_J;listino IIX Red Pheasan~ X John . Smith ex '.Shoal River

Crane River x•.x Gypsumville .. e X Fairford t>. · . Fis er· ~1ver ·X CALGARY • X Punnichy x: rh~ Kev ..&~egu~x . :Fort Alexander Sandy Bay x·• ex Gleichen eX Scanterbury •x 'Round •·.xSt. Peter's Sintaluta :X• • WINNIPEG X \ X Sioux Valley .•x :Brocket • X Oak Lake '· \.__.....:._ .::; Cardston J . _ _ . , "'-\ . Rainy· River··x ...... __

..fx\~- .. ~~;~~.· ,; r:.:_ ~···"'"·· The author as sketched by Percy Bird,a student at St.Alban's Residential School, Prince Albert,Saskatchewan. July 4,1948 About The ALd.h-oJt

Harry B.Miller was born in Trenton,Ont~rio.He was commissioned a Captain in the Church Army, a full-time lay ministry of the Anglican Church, on January 9,1944. His first appointment was to the Parish of Elkhorn,Manitoba on January 16, 1944. Here he became interested in the work of the Anglican Indian Residential School, and the welfare of the pupils in attendance there. The following relates to Mr.Miller's involvement with the First People of Canada from the beginning of his ministry in 1944 until,and into, his retirement in 1990. 1944-1945: Honorary Chaplain,Volunteer Sports Director,Part-time Supervisor,Act­ ing Principal, A.I.R.S., .Elkhorn,Manitoba. 1945-1946: House Master,Opportunity-class Teacher, Sports Director,A.I.R.S., Elkhorn,Manitoba. 1947-1948: House Master,Sports Director,St.Alban's A.I.R.S., and Initial Director­ Supervisor,All Saints' A.I.R.S., Prince Albert,Saskatchewan. *Married Margaret Stephen, a teacher at St.Alban's School. 1948-1949: House Master and Sports Director,Old Sun A.I.R.S., Gleichen,Alberta. 1950 :*Ordained to the Diaconate,Shellbrook,Saskatchewan. 1953 :*Ordained to the Priesthood, Prince Albert,Saskatchewan. 1955-1956: Principal and Sports Director,St.Cyprian's A.I.R.S., and Rector of St.Cyprian's Parish,Peigan Reserve,Brocket,Alberta. 1956-1959: Principal and Sports Director, Old Sun A.I.R.S.,and Rector of The Church of St.John the Divine, Blackfoot Reserve,Gleichen,Alberta. 1965-1977: Recreation Consultant,Government of Saskatchewan. Assisted in the establishment of Recreation Boards and Programs on the File Hills Reserves, The East Qu'Appelle Valley Reserves and the Cote,Key and Keeseekouse Reserves. 1977-1978: Program Consultant,New Horizons Program,Federal Department of National Health and Welfare. Assisted in establishment of Senior Citizens Organization on the Peepeekisis Reserve,Balcarres,Saskatchewan. 1979-1981: Appointed as Priest-in-charge of the Parish of Canora,Saskatchewan with the Key Reserve #65. Researched and authored the history of The Key Reserve under the title "These Too Were Pioneers". 1982-1990: As Rural Dean of Felly Deanery,served several times as Pastoral Supply for the Parish of Canora,Saskatchewan with the Key Reserve. 1990 Researched and authored the history of the Elkhorn Indian Residential School under the title "The Spirit Lives On". Co-ordinated the ReuniOn of former students and staff members,Elkhorn,July 20-22,1990. Addendum Margaret Miller,nee Stephen, taught school at Grand Rapids,Manitoba and the Residential Schools at Prince Albert,Saskatchewan and Gleichen,Alberta. Marilyn Miller, the eldes.t daughter taught school on both the Poplar River and Cross Lake Reserves of Manitoba.