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2 Church Street, Ribchester, Lancashire 2 CHURCH STREET, RIBCHESTER, LANCASHIRE Archaeological Watching Brief Oxford Archaeology North October 2006 Mr Michael Kerrigan OA North Job No. L9732 Report Issue No: 2006-7/561 NGR: SD 6500 3511 Planning Ref: 3/2006/0428/B Document Title: 2 Church Street, Ribchester, Lancashire Document Type: Archaeological Watching Brief Client Name: Mr Michael Kerrigan Issue Number: 2006-7/561 OA Job Number: L9732 Planning Application Ref: 3/2006/0428/B National Grid Reference: SD 6500 3511 Prepared by: David Tonks Position: Assistant Supervisor Date: October 2006 Checked by: Emily Mercer Signed……………………. Position: Project Manager Date: October 2006 Approved by: Alan Lupton Signed……………………. Position: Operations Manager Date: October 2006 Oxford Archaeology North © Oxford Archaeological Unit Ltd 2006 Storey Institute Janus House Meeting House Lane Osney Mead Lancaster Oxford LA1 1TF OX2 0EA t: (0044) 01524 848666 t: (0044) 01865 263800 f: (0044) 01524 848606 f: (0044) 01865 793496 w: www.oxfordarch.co.uk e: [email protected] Oxford Archaeological Unit Limited is a Registered Charity No: 285627 Disclaimer: This document has been prepared for the titled project or named part thereof and should not be relied upon or used for any other project without an independent check being carried out as to its suitability and prior written authority of Oxford Archaeology being obtained. Oxford Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability for the consequences of this document being used for a purpose other than the purposes for which it was commissioned. Any person/party using or relying on the document for such other purposes agrees, and will by such use or reliance be taken to confirm their agreement to indemnify Oxford Archaeology for all loss or damage resulting therefrom. Oxford Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability for this document to any party other than the person/party by whom it was commissioned. 2 Church Street, Ribchester, Lancashire: Archaeological Watching Brief 1 CONTENTS CONTENTS.........................................................................................................................1 SUMMARY.........................................................................................................................2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................................................4 1.INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................5 1.1Circumstances of the Project..................................................................................5 1.2Location, Topography and Geology.......................................................................5 1.3Historical Background............................................................................................5 2.METHODOLOGY..............................................................................................................9 2.1Introduction............................................................................................................9 2.2Watching Brief.......................................................................................................9 2.3Archive..................................................................................................................9 3.FIELDWORK RESULTS....................................................................................................10 3.1Watching Brief Results.........................................................................................10 3.2The Finds.............................................................................................................11 4.DISCUSSION..................................................................................................................13 4.1Conclusions..........................................................................................................13 4.2 Impact and Recommendations.............................................................................14 5.BIBLIOGRAPHY.............................................................................................................15 6.ILLUSTRATIONS.............................................................................................................17 6.1 List of Figures.....................................................................................................17 6.2 List of Plates.......................................................................................................17 17 APPENDIX 1: CONTEXT LIST............................................................................................18 APPENDIX 2: FINDS SUMMARY..........................................................................................19 For the use of Mr Michael Kerrigan © OA North: October 2006 2 Church Street, Ribchester, Lancashire: Archaeological Watching Brief 2 SUMMARY Following a request by Mr Michael Kerrigan, Oxford Archaeology North (OA North) undertook an archaeological watching brief at the domestic dwelling of 2 Church Street, Ribchester, Lancashire (SD 6500 3511). The work was required as a condition on the granting of planning consent for a rear two-storey extension (Planning Application No 3/2006/0428/B), for which purpose foundation trenches (Trench 1) and a posthole (Trench 2) to accommodate the repositioning of a telegraph pole will be undertaken. Lancashire County Archaeology Service (LCAS) advised the local planning authority that an archaeological watching brief of the groundworks was required due to the high archaeological potential of the area. OA North was commissioned to undertake the work in July 2006. Excavation was undertaken manually with spades and shovels. Trench 1 was the main foundation trench for the extension, for the insertion of an external glass back wall, and was aligned north-west/south-east, between an earlier extension and the side of the adjoining property (1 Church Street) to the south-east, parallel to the existing rear building wall. The trench measured 3.5m in length and was 0.6m wide, and the exposed stratigraphy showed a sequence of layers down to an average depth of 1.1m. Beneath a thick deposit of mixed topsoil and make-up material, 100, of relatively recent date was a succession of three identified deposits that appeared to be a buried embankment that sloped downwards to the south of the trench. The uppermost thin dark sandy-clay layer, 101, is possibly a remnant of an uppermost turf layer, with an underlying clay layer, 102, a seemingly deliberately redeposited material. Beneath this was a layer of clay with some charcoal flecking, 103, that was observed across the entire base of the exposed section. Embedded within this in the north-western half of the trench, lying aligned roughly south-west to north-east, was a series of twelve parallel horizontally lain timbers, 104 that varied in thickness from 0.04m to 0.1m and were, on average, set around 0.1m to 0.12m apart. The timbers were waterlogged and, hence, were in good condition and very well preserved, although two had either been physically truncated or decayed in situ. The timbers appeared to be very roughly hewn, but no tool marks were readily evident. The timbers were very similar to those encountered during the excavation of footings in the adjacent property, Riverside House, 1 Church Street in September 2005 (OA North 2006), and they are likely to be a north-westerly continuation of the same feature. The timbers would appear to be part of a ‘raft’ footing or corduroy used on soft wet ground as part of the foundation of the rampart of the early turf-and-timber fort of the late first to early second century AD (Buxton and Howard-Davis 2000). Further evidence was discovered during excavations on the north side of the fort in 1989-90 (ibid). However, there were no finds within these deposits to provide a definitive date. Interestingly, the southern 1.5m within the trench had no evidence of any such timbers having existed, and the stratigraphy shown within the south-west-facing section of Trench 1 shows a correlating tailing-off of the deposits believed to be associated with the turf rampart, 101-103, towards the south-east of the trench. This break may be of significance, but within the confines of a small area excavated it was not possible to ascertain the purpose of this apparent gap in the fort defences. For the use of Mr Michael Kerrigan © OA North: October 2006 2 Church Street, Ribchester, Lancashire: Archaeological Watching Brief 3 With the agreement of LCAS the timbers were to be protected from impact by the subsequent extension foundations and so remained in situ. Therefore, they were not further excavated. A loose rubble wall with no mortar bond was located in Trench 2 within deep relatively modern made ground. This was interpreted as the remains of a probable nineteenth century garden wall. The groundworks carried out for the purpose of the foundation trench showed there are extensive and significant archaeological deposits. The deposits were at depth and are unlikely to be disturbed by any general gardening activity, but any further substantial groundworks will require a programme of archaeological work. For the use of Mr Michael Kerrigan © OA North: October 2006 2 Church Street, Ribchester, Lancashire: Archaeological Watching Brief 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Oxford Archaeology North would like to thank to Mr Michael Kerrigan for commissioning the project, and Lancashire County Archaeology Service for issuing
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