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From the Bylaws to the Ballot Box
From the Bylaws to the Ballot Box Preparing for Shareholder Activism and Related Litigation in the 2021 Proxy Season Presented to the Association of Corporate Counsel Bay Area Chapter January 27, 2021 Contents Introduction to Shareholder Activism 4 The Current Activism Landscape 11 Campaign Stages 20 Proxy Fight 21 Hostile Takeover Attempt 24 Advance Preparation 26 Proxy Fight Prep 27 Hostile Takeover Prep 28 Appendix A: Advance Preparation – A Deeper Dive 31 Appendix B: Presenter Bios 41 Confidential & Proprietary ©2021 Vinson & Elkins LLP velaw.com 2 Introduction to Shareholder Activism 3 Introduction to Shareholder Activism Forms of Activism Social Activism •Activists promote social, political, economic or environmental change at target companies (e.g. “2 degrees Celsius,” no fracking, recycling, etc.) Governance Activism Economic Activism •Activists call on the •Activists attempt to effect company to conform to so- change at a public called “best practices” company in order to related to corporate unlock value for governance (e.g. proxy themselves and other access, repeal poison pill, shareholders declassify staggered board, etc.) Confidential & Proprietary ©2021 Vinson & Elkins LLP velaw.com 4 Introduction to Shareholder Activism A Battle for Control • In a public company, strategy is set by the board of directors and management • Historically, a hostile takeover was the greatest threat to the control of the incumbent board of a public company • Today, the greatest threat to the board’s control of a public company’s strategy is from -
RMT & Reverse Mergers
RMT & Reverse Mergers Rui Jie Sim Overview n Fundamental Questions n Types of Strategic Transactions n Reverse Morris Trusts – Examples of RMT – Structure of RMT n Reverse Mergers – Examples of Reverse Mergers 4/22/15 Wall Street Club 2 Fundamental Questions Strategic Rationale Does the transaction help the strategic plan? Does the transaction fit into the company’s equity and growth? Does the transaction expand the company’s geographic coverage or footprint? Financial Impact Does the transaction create value for shareholders? Does transaction increase growth profile at an acceptable risk? 4/22/15 Wall Street Club 3 Types of Strategic Transactions Joint Ventures & Strategic Alliances Partnership between two companies Divestitures Disposition or sale of an asset, division or subsidiary Acquisitions Purchase of an asset, division or subsidiary Sale of Company and Mergers Combination of two independent companies Recapitalizations Major change to a company’s capital structure Restructurings Major change to the structural organization of a company 4/22/15 Wall Street Club 4 Types of Strategic Transactions Joint Ventures & Strategic Alliances Partnership between two companies Divestitures Disposition or sale of an asset, division or subsidiary Acquisitions Purchase of an asset, division or subsidiary Sale of Company and Mergers Combination of two independent companies Recapitalizations Major change to a company’s capital structure Restructurings Major change to the structural organization of a company 4/22/15 Wall Street Club 5 Reverse Morris -
The Costs of Shareholder Activism: Evidence from a Sequential Decision Model
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations Fall 2011 The Costs of Shareholder Activism: Evidence from a Sequential Decision Model Nickolay M. Gantchev University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Corporate Finance Commons, Econometrics Commons, and the Finance Commons Recommended Citation Gantchev, Nickolay M., "The Costs of Shareholder Activism: Evidence from a Sequential Decision Model" (2011). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 442. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/442 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/442 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Costs of Shareholder Activism: Evidence from a Sequential Decision Model Abstract Recent work on hedge fund activism documents substantial abnormal returns but fails to answer the question whether these returns cover the large costs of activist campaigns. This paper provides benchmarks for monitoring costs and evaluates the net returns to activism. I model activism as a sequential decision process consisting of demand negotiations, board representation and proxy contest and estimate the costs of each distinct stage. A campaign ending in a proxy fight has average costs of $10.71 million. The proxy contest is the most expensive stage, followed by demand negotiations. The estimated monitoring costs consume more than two-thirds of gross activist returns implying that the net returns to activism are significantly lower than previously thought. Even though the mean net return is close to zero, the top quartile of activists earn higher returns on their activist holdings than on their non- activist investments. -
Facts Favor the Bold in a Proxy Fight
WHITE PAPER | INVESTIGATIONS AND DISPUTES | USA Facts Favor the Bold in a Proxy Fight THT INV US_FACTS THE FAVOR BOLD IN A 2015 FIGHT_JUNE PROXY CORPORATE RAIDERS ARE OUT. CORPORATE ACTIVISTS ARE IN. Hedge funds flush with cash are pressing companies for significant changes. Even executives seem more willing to pursue acquisitions they have long coveted. In this climate, companies need to be on alert for when — not if — they receive that phone call or email saying, “Game on!” What has become clear in recent years is that the ■■ Debunk claims made by the other side winners of proxy battles or hostile, unsolicited bids are or to further one’s own argument those who can gather the most accurate information ■■ Inform the legal and public relations and use it effectively to make their case. strategy in these battles Just ask Yahoo. In 2012, activist investor Daniel Loeb sent a letter to Yahoo’s board of directors alleging that its new Is Change Better? CEO Scott Thompson had inaccurately added a computer science degree to his resume. Less than two weeks At the heart of many battles is the veracity or viability later Yahoo confirmed the misstatement. This powerful of claims. How did activism affect shareholders in prior use of information immediately undermined Thompson’s situations where the activist challenged management? credibility, resulting not only in Thompson’s resignation ■■ Did the stock price rise or fall? but also in board seats for Loeb and his Third Point ■■ Did the business performance improve? Investments. ■■ How did a company fare when it was acquired? Some of the most iconic raiders of the 1980s and 1990s, such as Carl Icahn and Nelson Peltz, have transformed ■■ Was management retained? themselves into activists, claiming that through their ■■ Did performance decline? efforts to take control of a board or to effect changes at a company they improve shareholder value. -
Keeping Shareholder Activism Alive: a Comparative Approach to Outlawing Dead Hand Proxy Puts in Delaware
KEEPING SHAREHOLDER ACTIVISM ALIVE: A COMPARATIVE APPROACH TO OUTLAWING DEAD HAND PROXY PUTS IN DELAWARE Danielle A. Rapaccioli* Current trends in shareholder activism have brought to light the competing interests of management and stockholders. With a rise in shareholder activism, firms are continuing to include change in control provisions, known as proxy puts, in their debt agreements to counter activist success. Recent litigation regarding the use of these provisions has created a debate as to whether these provisions are valid under Delaware law. Moreover, companies and lending institutions have morphed these provisions into a more restrictive form, known as “dead hand proxy puts.” The controversy analyzed in this Note arises out of the use of dead hand proxy puts in debt agreements. The Delaware Chancery Court has considered the issue of proxy puts in three recent cases. On no occasion has the court declared traditional or dead hand proxy puts invalid; the court, however, expressed skepticism toward these provisions. With a recognized entrenchment effect on management and a deterrent effect on the stockholder franchise, the court indicated that they could potentially be invalid in Delaware as a matter of public policy. This Note considers the rise of shareholder activism in the United States and the use of both proxy puts and poison pills to defend against activist investors and hostile takeovers. It analyzes the current debate over dead hand proxy puts and compares these provisions to the already illegal dead hand poison pills. It ultimately argues that dead hand proxy puts should be outlawed in Delaware on the same basis as dead hand poison pills. -
Interpreting the Statistics on US Proxy Fights
Activism & Engagement | Activism in the US Duncan Herrington Managing Director and Head of the Activism Response and Contested Situations Team, Raymond James Interpreting the statistics on US proxy fights Activists targeting mid-sized companies tend to be smaller, younger funds that can be more aggressive with their approach and demands A BAD MOVE Conflicts can become public sooner and quickly escalate to a proxy fight Ethical Boardroom | Spring 2017 www.ethicalboardroom.com Activism in the US | Activism & Engagement Go to the website of The Wall strategy (the most common activist established so they know what to do in Street Journal or any other major objective is to seek the breakup or sale of a those critical moments when an activist company) is much easier, given the greater situation first surfaces. Finally, they are financial news source, submit a universe of potential buyers for a smaller unsophisticated about activists and their search for ‘shareholder activism sized target. What are the consequences for tactics and agendas, or about the process campaign’ and there will be no small-cap firms? of a proxy fight and the strategies to win shortage of stories on recent First, an activist target of this size would one; moreover, their regular corporate high-profile public battles have a small fraction of the resources at its counsel may be, as well. disposal compared to its larger cap peers. As a result, in 63 per cent of the cases between a listed company and While bigger companies may have fully where an activist demanded seats on a one or more activist shareholders. -
Takeover Law and Practice Guide 2020
Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz Takeover Law and Practice 2020 This outline describes certain aspects of the current legal and economic environment relating to takeovers, including mergers and acquisitions and tender offers. The outline topics include a discussion of directors’ fiduciary duties in managing a company’s affairs and considering major transactions, key aspects of the deal-making process, mechanisms for protecting a preferred transaction and increasing deal certainty, advance takeover preparedness and responding to hostile offers, structural alternatives and cross-border transactions. Particular focus is placed on recent case law and developments in takeovers. This edition reflects developments through September 2020. © October 2020 Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz All rights reserved. Takeover Law and Practice TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. Current Developments ..............................................................................1 A. Overview ............................................................................. 1 B. M&A Trends and Developments ........................................ 2 1. Deal Activity ........................................................... 2 2. Unsolicited M&A.................................................... 4 3. Private Equity Trends ............................................. 5 4. SPAC Trends .......................................................... 6 5. Acquisition Financing ............................................. 8 6. Shareholder Litigation ........................................... -
Corporate Control Activism"
Corporate Control Activism Adrian A. Corum Doron Levity Wharton Wharton First draft: March 15, 2015 This draft: October 14, 2015 Abstract This paper studies the role of activist investors in the market for corporate con- trol. We show that activists have higher credibility than bidders when campaigning against entrenched incumbents, and hence, are more e¤ective in relaxing their resistance to takeovers. This result holds although bidders and activists can use similar techniques to challenge the resistance of corporate boards (i.e., proxy …ghts) and have similar gov- ernance expertise. Since activists have a relative advantage in “putting companies into play”, there is strategic complementarity between the search of activists for …rms that are likely to receive a takeover bid and the search of bidders for targets with which they can create synergies and that are available for sale. The analysis sheds light on the in- teraction between M&A and shareholder activism and provides a framework to identify the treatment and the selection e¤ects of shareholder activism. Keywords: Acquisition, Corporate Governance, Merger, Proxy Fight, Search, Share- holder Activism, Takeover. JEL Classification: D74, D83, G23, G34 The paper was previously titled as “The Role of Activist Investors in the Market for Corporate Control”. yThe authors are from the University of Pennsylvania, Wharton School, Finance Department. For helpful comments, we thank Simon Gervais, Vincent Glode, Itay Goldstein, Andrey Malenko, Gregor Matvos, Christian Opp, Bilge Y¬lmaz, the participants at the 7th Summer Finance Conference at the IDC Herzliya, the Summer School on Financial Intermediation and Contracting at Washington University in St. -
Maximizing Shareholder Value? Spotify Direct Public Offering
Journal of International & Interdisciplinary Business Research Volume 6 Article 6 November 2019 Maximizing Shareholder Value? Spotify Direct Public Offering Hoje Jo Santa Clara University, [email protected] John Throne Santa Clara University Michael Fieber Santa Clara University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.fhsu.edu/jiibr Part of the Business Commons Recommended Citation Jo, Hoje; Throne, John; and Fieber, Michael (2019) "Maximizing Shareholder Value? Spotify Direct Public Offering," Journal of International & Interdisciplinary Business Research: Vol. 6 , Article 6. Available at: https://scholars.fhsu.edu/jiibr/vol6/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by FHSU Scholars Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of International & Interdisciplinary Business Research by an authorized editor of FHSU Scholars Repository. Jo et al.: Spotify Direct Public Offering MAXIMIZING SHAREHOLDER VALUE? SPOTIFY DIRECT PUBLIC OFFERING Hoje Jo, Santa Clara University John Throne, Santa Clara University Michael Fieber, Santa Clara University The typical method of going public has traditionally been an initial public offering (IPO), whereby a company works with an underwriter syndication to establish a price at which shares will be offered to the public before listing them. The purpose of this paper, however, is to evaluate whether IPOs are truly the best method for taking a company public. To answer this question, at least partially, we explore the upsides and downsides of a direct listing using the music streaming company Spotify (NYSE: SPOT) as a case study. Having officially registered to go public with the SEC and direct listed on April 3, 2018 with $149.01 closing price and a $26.5 billion market capitalization, Spotify becomes the first major private company to list its shares directly to the public on the NYSE without using an underwriter. -
Printmgr File
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 8, 2012 Registration No. 333- SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM S-1 REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 Tyco Flow Control International Ltd. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Switzerland 3550 98-1050812 (State of Incorporation) (Primary Standard Industrial (I.R.S. Employer Classification Code Number) Identification No.) Freier Platz 10 CH-8200 Schaffhausen, Switzerland 41-52-633-02-44 (Address, including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, including Area Code, of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices) Judith A. Reinsdorf Executive Vice President and General Counsel Tyco International Management Company, LLC 9 Roszel Road Princeton, New Jersey 08540 (609) 720-4200 (Name, Address, including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, including Area Code, of Agent for Service) With a copy to: Alan M. Klein, Esq. Faiza J. Saeed, Esq. Benjamin F. Garmer, III, Esq. Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP Thomas E. Dunn, Esq. John K Wilson, Esq. 425 Lexington Avenue Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP Foley & Lardner LLP New York, New York 10017 Worldwide Plaza 777 East Wisconsin Avenue (212) 455-2000 825 Eighth Avenue Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202 New York, New York 10019 (414) 271-2400 (212) 474-1000 Approximate date of commencement of the proposed sale of the securities to the public: As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective and upon completion of the merger described in the enclosed prospectus. If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box: ‘ If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. -
The Big Shorts Saba Capital Netflix Drama
THE 2020 ADVISER AWARDS THE BIG SHORTS SABA CAPITAL NETFLIX DRAMA ACTIVIST INSIGHT MONTHLY VOLUME 9 ISSUE 11 | DECEMBER 2020 CONTENTS ACTIVIST INSIGHT MONTHLY, DECEMBER 2020. 03 EDITOR’S LETTER | JASON BOOTH, ACTIVIST INSIGHT 04 FEATURE: THE 2020 ADVISER AWARDS 18 THE TERMINATORS | ACTIVIST IN FOCUS: SABA CAPITAL | JASON BOOTH, ACTIVIST INSIGHT 22 NETFLIX DRAMA | IURI STRUTA, ACTIVIST INSIGHT 25 ESG GOES TO WASHINGTON | ESG CORNER | ELEANOR O’DONNELL, ACTIVIST INSIGHT 27 DISCOVERY TIME | VULNERABILITY REPORT: DISCOVERY INC | IURI STRUTA, ACTIVIST INSIGHT 30 THE BIG SHORTS | IBM | ELEANOR O’DONNELL, ACTIVIST INSIGHT 32 SHORT NEWS IN BRIEF 33 NEW SHORT INVESTMENTS 34 NEWS IN BRIEF 38 NEW INVESTMENTS 40 MONTHLY SUMMARY All rights reserved. The entire contents of Activist Insight Monthly are the Copyright of Activist Insight Ltd. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the express prior written approval of an authorized member of the staff of Activist Insight Ltd, and, where permission for online publication is granted, contain a hyperlink to the publication. The information presented herein is for information purposes only and does not constitute and should not be construed as a solicitation or other offer, or recommendation to acquire or dispose of any investment or to engage in any other transaction, or as advice of any nature whatsoever. PUBLISHED BY: 4 Old Park Lane Image credits (All Shutterstock.com) Activist Insight Ltd Mayfair, London, W1U 6PZ Page 7: Evergy, APNPhotography; Page 9: HP, Tomasz +44 (0) 20 7129 1314 Wozniak; -
M&A Group of the Year
Portfolio Media. Inc. | 111 West 19th Street, 5th Floor | New York, NY 10011 | www.law360.com Phone: +1 646 783 7100 | Fax: +1 646 783 7161 | [email protected] M&A Group Of The Year: Cravath By Elise Hansen Law360 (January 13, 2020, 3:41 PM EST) -- Cravath Swaine & Moore LLP helped steer some of 2019's biggest deals, including energy company Occidental's $57 billion Anadarko acquisition and the $30.5 billion reunion of CBS and Viacom, landing the firm a spot on Law360's 2019 Mergers & Acquisitions Groups of the Year, a distinction earned eight of the last nine years. Cravath helped ink multibillion-dollar deals across a range of industries, from energy to health care to media and entertainment. Partner Thomas Dunn said Cravath's tendency to train its associates on a range of corporate matters, not just mergers and acquisitions, gives attorneys an edge in thinking through complex transactions. "I think the strong, multidisciplinary foundation we all have ... helps us be creative and nimble, as we often encounter in these very complicated transactions very unique, novel situations where we have to problem-solve," Dunn said. One such deal was Occidental Petroleum Corp.'s rollercoaster takeover efforts for Anadarko Petroleum Corp., which ultimately yielded a $57 billion acquisition deal, including debt. Occidental had been wooing the Texas-based energy company but was seemingly thwarted when Anadarko inked a takeover bid with Chevron Corp. in April. Occidental revised its terms, topping Chevron's cash offer and securing a $10 billion side deal with Berkshire Hathaway to help finance the bid.