Floods of 1959 in the United States
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Floods of 1959 in the United States GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1750 This water-supply paper was printed as separate chapters A and B UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director CONTENTS [The tetters in parentheses preceding the titles designate separately published chapters] (A) Floods of January-February 1959 in Ohio and adjacent States. (B) Summary of floods in the United States during 1959. Floods of January-February 1959 in Ohio and Adjacent States Prepared under the direction of E. L. HENDRICKS, Chief, Surface Water Branch FLOODS OF 1959 IN THE UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 17SO-A Prepared in cooperation with the States of Ohio, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and New York, and agencies of the Federal Government JNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1964 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director The U.S. Geological Survey Library has cataloged this publication as follows: U.S. Geological Survey Floods of January-February 1959 in Ohio and adjacent States. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1964. v, 296 p. illus., maps, diagrs., tables. 24 cm. (Its Water-supply paper 1750-A) Floods of 1959 in the United States. Prepared in cooperation with the States of Ohio, Indiana, Penn sylvania, and New York, and agencies of the Federal Government. 1. Floods Ohio. 2. Stream measurements Ohio. I. Title. (Se ries) For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 CONTENTS Page Abstract _________________________________________________________ Al Introduction. ________________________________ _ ___-_-___-___-_____ 1 Acknowledgments.________________________________________________ 3 January storms_________________________________________________ 3 February storms________________________________________________ 12 Floods of January February-_-__-___-_-_________-___-_-_-_______-___ 15 Allegheny River basin________-_-_-_-_-_-___-_-_---_---_______ 15 Beaver River basin._-___-_______-_-_-_-_-___-___---_-_-_-_____ 17 Muskingum River basin________________________________________ 17 Scioto River basin_______-_________________________-_____-_____ 19 Little Miami River basin_____,-_-_-___-_____-_-__--_-_-_-___-_-_ 20 Mill Creek basin._______-_-___-_-_________-____-__-_-_---_---_ 23 Miami River basin__________________________________________ 23 Ohio River tributary basins in southern Indiana._____----_---_---_ 24 Wabash River and upper tributary basins__-_-___---_-_-_-------- 24 East Fork White River basin_______________-____-__-_-_---_--__ 30 Maumee River basin___________________________________________ 32 Lake Erie tributaries between the Maumee and Cuyahoga River basins____________________________________________________ 33 Cuyahoga River basin________________________________________ 33 Lake Erie tributaries east of the Cuyahoga River__-_-_---_---_-- 33 Susquehanna River basin________________________________________ 35 Flood damage_____-_-_-___________-____J-___-_i_____-_-__--_--_- 37 Magnitude and frequency________________________________________ 40 Flood-inundation maps_____-_____-_______-___-______--___---_--__ 43 Determination of flood discharges_________-_____-___-_-__----_-_-- 47 Streamflow data at gaging stations____-___________-_-_--__-_-_-_-- 48 Explanation of data___-___-_-___-___-_-______--_-_---_-_-_-- 48 Station descriptions and discharge tables.___________-__---_-- 49 Summary of peak stages and discharges______________________ 50 Station data____-_-_---_-_-_-_-___-_-_-_-___-___-_-__--_-_-_-- 65 Tionesta Creek basin____________________________________ 65 Oil Creek basin_________.____.______.__._________.._ 66 French Creek basin._____________-_-_____-___-_-___-_---_-_ 67 Ohio River main stem.___________________________________ 69 Clarion River basin__________________._______________-_--__ 70 Ohio River main stem___________________________________ 74 Mahoning Creek basin___-_____-_-___-___-_---_-_-_-_------ 75 Beaver River basin__-_____-___-_-_-___________-__--_-_---_ 76 Raccoon Creek basin_____________________________________ 95 Little Beaver Creek basin._______-_____-_-_-_-_-.__-_-__-_- 95 Muskingum River basin________________________-___-_-___-_ 96 Hocking River basin_-_____-_____-_-________-______-_-__--- 127 Raccoon Creek basin___________________-___-_-___-_-___-- 128 Scioto River basin-_________,____________-__-__--__-_-----_ 129 Little Miami River basin_____________-_-_---_-----_------ 151 Mill Creek basin____.____________....._____.._-_...._ __. 160 Miami River basin___________________-_______-_-_-_-----_ 163 in IV CONTENTS Streamflow data at gaging stations Continued Station data Continued Page Hogan Creek basin____-_____-_____-_-----_____-_____-_-___ A190 Laughery Creek basin____________________________________ 190 Indian Creek basin________-_______-----_-___-_-_-_-_______ 191 Crooked Creek basin_______________________________________ 191 Fourteenmile Creek basin_______-___-_-_-_-_______-_-_-_-___ 192 Silver Creek basin___-_______-_-___----__-___-_________-_-_ 192 Big Buck Creek basin________________-_-_-___-_-_______-_-_ 193 Big Indian Creek basin___________________________________ 193 Blue River basin. _________________________________________ 195 Little Blue River basin_____________________________________ 196 Anderson River basin______________-_-_-_-_________-_-___-_ 196 Little Pigeon Creek basin_______________-_-_-_-_-_-___-_-___ 197 Pigeon Creek basin_ _______________________________________ 197 Wabash River basin.______________________________________ 197 Streams tributary to Lake Erie------------------------------ 254 Streams tributary to Niagara River,_____-_-___-_-_______---_ 285 Streams tributary to Lake Ontario.- _______-_-___-_-___-_-_ 290 Index.___________________________________________________________ 293 ILLUSTKATIONS Page FIGURK 1. Map showing area covered by this report________________ A2 2. Map showing location of flood-determination sites__________ 4 3. Average temperatures and departure of monthly average for December 1958____________________________________ 6 4. Average temperatures and departure of monthly average for January 1959_ _______________-_-_---_______-_-___-_-_ 8 5. Weather conditions at selected weather stations, western part of flood area_________________________________________ 9 6. Weather conditions at selected weather stations, eastern part of flood area___-_-_____________-_-----__-_-____---_-- 10 7. Map showing depth of snow cover January 18, 1959___----_ 11 8. Rainfall map, January 19-21, 1959_---------_-_-_-------- 13 9. Rainfall map, February 9-10, 1959-_------_-_------------ 14 10. Ice jam in Riley Creek near Ottawa, Ohio_____-_______---- 16 11. Discharge hydrographs for Beaver and Muskingum River basins__ ___________________________________________ 18 12. Flooding in Chillicothe, Ohio__________-_______-_-_---- 21 13. Discharge hydrographs for basins of the Scioto and the Little Miami Rivers and Mill Greek,_________________________ 22 14. Discharge hydrographs for the Miami River basin and Ohio River tributaries in southern Indiana. __________________ 25 15. Ice blocks in the Wabash River_ _-_-_---------_-_---_---- 27 16. Flooding in Wabash, Ind________._________-_-.____-_-. 28 17. Breach in floodwall at Peru, Ind________-_-_____-_-_---- 29 18. Comparative discharge hydrographs for Wabash River. _____ 30 CONTENTS Page FIGURE 19. Discharge hydrographs for tributaries to upper Wabash River in February 1959 and to lower Wabash River in Jan uary 1959___-___-__________._____________ A31 20. Flooding in Fremont, Ohio_____________________________ 34 21. Discharge hydrographs for streams tributary to Lake Erie.-. 36 22. Map showing ratio of January and February peak discharges to mean annual flood______-______-_______--_---___-_ 40 23. Distribution of the ratios of peak discharge to mean annnal flood. ________________________________.__-_-. 43 24. Ratio of January peak discharges to the 50-year flood.._____ 44 25. Ratio of February peak discharges to the 50-year flood-_____ 45 26. Map of Ohio showing cities for which flood inundation studies have been made._____________________________________ 47 TABLES Page TABLE 1. Personal and private property losses, Ohio and Indiana, as compiled by the American Red Cross____-___-_-_______ A37 2. Flood damages by river basins_______-_----______-___-_ 38 3. Summary of flood stages and discharges________--___-___-_ 52 FLOODS OF 1959 IN THE UNITED STATES FLOODS OF JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1959 IN OHIO AND ADJACENT STATES ABSTRACT The floods of January 21-24, 1959, were the greatest of record in a widespread area in Ohio and Indiana and were of large magnitude in western Pennsylvania and southwestern New York. On some streams the stages and discharges: ex ceeded those of 1913. Thirty-two lives were reported lost and total damage was estimated at $100 million. About 20,000 buildings were .flooded, and more than 50,000 persons were evacuated. Heavy rains on January 20-21 exceeded 6 inches in a belt extending from the southwestern corner of Indiana through the southwestern corner of Ohio and into central Ohio. More than 3 inches of rain fell in about half of Ohio and Indiana, in the southern tip of Illinois, in the northern half of Kentucky and in a very narrow area extending into western Pennsylvania. The ground was saturated from a storm of January 14-17 and was frozen. Various depths of snow covered northern Indiana and the entire