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Musical Interests and Priorities of Vladimir Lenin (Modern Vision)

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Musical Interests and Priorities of Vladimir Lenin (Modern Vision) Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 6 (2015 8) 1052-1064 ~ ~ ~ УДК 7.022.26 Musical Interests and Priorities of Vladimir Lenin (Modern Vision) Emil’ M. Preisman* Krasnoyarsk State Academy of Music and Theatre 22 Lenin Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660049, Russia Received 12.10.2014, received in revised form 06.01.2015, accepted 29.01.2015 In modern Russia the problem of cultural education, including musical and aesthetic one, has become quite acute as one of the barriers on the way of globalization negative impacts. After Perestroika, the work on cultural education has been significantly reduced. In the search for modern approaches to its reestablishment, the author suggests to turn to the experience of the past and, in particular, to study the attitude of Vladimir Lenin to music, who though not being an expert in the field, but as a politician believed that cultural education of the people is important and prospective. Keywords: Lenin, music, musical and aesthetic education, opera, symphonic music, quartet, piano music, vocal lyrics, art songs, songs. Research area: art history. It is well known that the world is under the Therefore, opposing globalization is natural. pressure of globalization. This phenomenon is In the cultural field, the priority for Russia is mainly economic, nevertheless affecting all counteraction to the imposing of the alien way of the spheres of human life and activities.1 In the thinking in the field of culture, first of all moral, cultural field, globalization leads to leveling determining other types of cultures as well, of national and religious identity of cultures, including musical. substitution of cultural values of different The attitude to musical culture is extremely nations and countries by aggressively imposed, important, while the language of music with its adjusted for empty-headed consumption, so- profound emotional impact is a mediator of both called “western values” leading to downplaying the high level of cultural values and intoxicating of the personality, making it easy to impose, bright advertising in opposition to the skillfully and, therefore, easy to control. Let us note “packed” grayness. that globalization provides the most dangerous It is obvious, that to differentiate between effect on young people, while it is the mind and grains and weed one should have general musical hands of modern youngsters, which will create education, which means not only learning how to the future. play a musical instrument, but also learning how © Siberian Federal University. All rights reserved * Corresponding author E-mail address: [email protected] – 1052 – Emil’ M. Preisman. Musical Interests and Priorities of Vladimir Lenin (Modern Vision) to listen and understand music, comprehend its In the spiritual life of the Soviet society, vocabulary and semantics. In the national practice a special place was occupied by art, including of the second half of the 20th century, exposure to musical, interests and priorities of Vladimir this kind of art has got the name of “musical and Lenin. The opinion of the founder of the Soviet aesthetic education”. state, which was considered the ultimate truth (in One of the ways to arise interest to all scientific and journalistic publications of all any kind of art can be an example of how fields of knowledge there were references to his prominent personalities of the past and the works), was an example of how one should love present treat it. Outstanding representatives of music and served as a strong ideological basis of the Russian intelligentsia, who had not studied musical enlightenment. music professionally, demonstrate big interest Lenin’s family and friends also wrote in music, typical for Russia, understanding about his attitude to music: D.I. Ulyanov the unfading value of its best samples. Thus, [Ulyanov, 1956: 69-70], Krupskaya [Krupskaya, Griboedov played the piano and his Waltz 1960: 155-160], supporters of the party work is included in the concert and educational M.S. Kedrov [Kedrov, 1986: 459], M.M. Essen repertoire of pianists. Leo Tolstoy, already [Essen 1969: 115-117]. Lenin’s gift of listening a world-famous author of “War and Peace”, to music was described by Gorky [Gorky 1974: was practicing the piano every day. Mikhail 7-49], Krupskaya [Krupskaya, 1960: 115-160], Lermontov learnt to play the piano, violin and P.N. Lepeshinsky [Lepeshinsky, 1955: 451-452] flute. N.F. Sklifosofsky and V.K. Khoroshko et al. at various times had been participants of the There are works of musicologists on the role amateur symphonic orchestra of Moscow of music in the life of Lenin: A.A. Alshvang and University. V.I. Surikov had been playing the V.A. Zuckerman [Alshvang, Zuckerman, 1970: guitar from the young age. P. Annenkova recalls 28-44] L.N. Raaben [Raaben, 1969: 172-202], that the Decembrists General A.P. Yushnevsky K.K. Rozenshild [Rozenshild, 1970: 5-27]. and officers F.F. Vladkovsky, A.A. Kryukov In the study of musical interests of Lenin the and P.N. Svistunov played music in quartet in works by L.A. Ureklian (1902-1974), who was the Chita ostrog [Annenkova 1977: 147]. the supervisor of the scientific and educational The gift of listening to music is also department of the State Central Museum of Musical valuable. Thus, S.T. Konenkov wrote, “I can Culture named after Glinka in 1948-1956, should not imagine a creative life without music. be noted. There are several articles by Ureklian Without it, I lack imagination and inspiration. It about Lenin’s attitude to music, published in the moves ... poetry and architecture, it is invisibly journal “Theater” and “Musical Life”, as well as present in all deep and intimate feelings of the in the journals of Yerevan and Tallinn. The author human” [Konenkov, 1968: 11]. L.A. Kassil also of these lines has a typewritten copy of several writes about music with love [Kassil, 1968: 12- fragments of Ureklian’s book about the role of 14]. A.S. Pushkin, L.N. Andreev, A.I. Kuprin, music in the life of Lenin totaling 79 typewritten A.M. Gorky, K.I. Chukovsky, M.M. Prishvin, pages, double-spaced [Ureklian, 1963]. B.M. Kustodiev, S.P. Botkin, L.B. Krasin, Ureklian connects Lenin’s musical interests P.L. Kapitsa, L.M. Roshal2, many other stars of with his worldview and activities. The author Russian literature, art and science had extensive describes some of the facts of the musical life, knowledge in the field of music. witnessed by Lenin, but questioned or concealed – 1053 – Emil’ M. Preisman. Musical Interests and Priorities of Vladimir Lenin (Modern Vision) by memoir writers. Ureklian convincingly reasons there was no means of recording and remote these facts by references to literature, such as transmission of sound, the only way to get Volga press of the end of the 19th century: Lenin acquainted with music was live performance. going to opera performances of P. Medvedev’s Therefore, in financially secure families children touring company in 1888 during his life in Kazan were taught music. In the 19th century, piano when he was under police surveillance already. adaptations of various music for domestic music- The author also provides information about making were in great demand. (Would not it be Lenin’s favourite music pieces. In general, a lot awkward to ride the horses from Simbirsk to of space in the work of Ureklian is given to the Moscow or Saratov only to listen to an opera or a circumstances around the music that was among symphony concert?) Lenin’s interests. Lenin’s mother, Maria Aleksandrovna, Lenin himself briefly refers to his musical played the piano and sang well. She taught her impressions only in several letters [Krupskaya, children music as well: Vladimir Ilyich and Olga Lenin, 1985: 346-347; Lenin, 1982: 75; Lenin, Ilyinichna. D.I. Ulyanov recalls, “... according to 1983: 202, 229]. his mother, Lenin had a great ear for music and it However, significant amount of literature on was easy for him to learn how to play. When he the musical interests of Lenin does not contain was eight years old, he could easily play many information about his likes and dislikes in this field. children’s music and also played duets with the The music he listened to, has not been classified elders... In 1888-1890, Vladimir Ilyich often sang by periods, styles and genres, there have not been with his sister Olga Ilyinichna playing the piano” any comments on his attitude to the programme [Ulyanov, 1956: 69]. and non-programme music, no attempts to make The Ulyanovs had a music library in their any generalization of his musical interests in house. It contained piano adaptations of many the field of professional music, his vision of the operas, piano scores of “Life for the Tsar”, “Faust”, role of music in the course of construction of the “La Traviata”, “Rigoletto”. (In 1963, L.A. Ureklian socialist society has not been outlined. wrote that later this library was transferred to The purpose of this work is to demonstrate the museum-apartment of Lenin in the Kremlin understanding of the role of music in the life and [Ureklian, 1963: 23]). Maria Aleksandrovna work of Lenin. Therefore, the author aims at and Olga Ilyinichna often performed piano differentiating music, which was interesting for score of the fragments of the operas of Mozart – Lenin, by periods and genres, identification, if “The Marriage of Figaro”, Bellini – “Puritans”, possible, of the causes of his musical likes and “La Sonnambula”, Donizetti – “Elixir of Love”, dislikes, understanding of Lenin’s vision of music “Daughter of the Regiment”, Weber – “Der as an instrument of ideology and determination Freischütz”, Meyerbeer – “Les Huguenots”, of the extent to which an example of Lenin’s Verdi – “Il Trovatore”, Bizet – “Carmen”, attitude – an outstanding representative of the Wagner – “Lohengrin” and “Tannhauser”, humanity – to the art of music is significant for Glinka – “Ruslan and Lyudmila”, Rubinstein – the modern Russian society.
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