Emergence Arts and Humanities Postgraduate Research Journal ‘Tradition vs. Innovation’ Volume X, Winter 2018 Emergence Volume X, Winter 2018 Editors Stephen Edwards Yuejie Liu 刘⽉洁 Phuong Le Hoang Ngo Editorial Team Coralie Clerc Lauren Cowie Peter Falconer Graciela Arizmendi Gonzalez, PhD Yael Gordon Isaac Gustafsson-Wood Assia Hakime Amy Harris Sophie Heuschling Adam Hussey Louise Klein Joan McGavin Abaigh McKee Beatriz Eugenia Navarro Cira James Slaymaker Clelia Viecelli Mike Warner Zack White Cover Photo: Yuejie Liu (2017) Southampton’s medieval city walls and the West Quay Shopping Centre Emergence is printed by the University of Southampton Print Centre ISSN: 2041-8248 i Contents Editors’ Introduction 1 Arts & Humanities Graduate School Student Network (GradNet) 2 Reading Jorie Graham’s ‘Unrelenting | Syncopated Mind’ through 4 Cognitive Theory Mariam Alghamdi ‘Official Ignorance, Incompetence, and Cynicism’: The Treatment 21 of Aborigines during British Nuclear Trials at Maralinga, 1955– 1963 Fiona Bowler Innovation versus Tradition in Historical Research Methods: The 34 ‘Digital Turn’ Leanna Brinkley The Rite of Spring’s Reception and Influence on Heavy Metal 49 David Burke Youth Culture and The Craft Beer Boom: What’s so cool about 63 craft beer? Shawnee Harkness Franz Liszt, the Symphonic Poem and Audio-Visual Performance 80 Practices as Pre-Cinema Will Kitchen The Impact of Phonological Explanation on Second Language 92 Learning José Nájera Tradition and Innovation: Charles Causley and the Ballad in 20th 103 Century Poetics Rosemary Walters ii Editors’ Introduction The articles in this year’s edition of Emergence are all based on papers given at the annual Arts and Humanities Postgraduate Conference — organised by the University of Southampton’s Arts and Humanities Graduate School Student Network (GradNet), on 26 March 2018 — on the theme of ‘Tradition vs. Innovation’. The papers selected reflect the wide range of subjects and disciplines covered including music, linguistics, history, ethnology, film, and literature. They also reflect the high academic standards demonstrated at the conference and share more widely the sheer enjoyment of intellectual engagement that it facilitated. If you want to know why craft beer is ‘cool’, how heavy metal bands have taken on the disturbing mantle of Stravinsky’s Rite of Spring, or how Charles Causley blended tradition and innovation in his ballads, against the cultural mainstream of his time, then here you will find both illumination and stimulation. This edition also features fascinating papers on: the disturbing history of 1950s nuclear testing in Australian aborigine territories; Liszt’s symphonic poems as precursors to early cinema music; the links of Jorie Graham’s lyric poems to cognitive science; the challenges of maintaining traditional academic strengths when designing interactive history websites; and the possible benefits of phonological training to second language learning. Contributors to this journal were invited to take part by the editors after the conference was over, and their papers have since gone through a rigorous peer review and writing/re-writing process in order to arrive at the pages which follow. We would therefore like to thank everyone who has been involved in producing this year’s edition of Emergence, particularly the authors and the editorial team, for their patience, diligence, and determination to make this journal a continuing contribution to knowledge and academic debate. Stephen Edwards, PhD Candidate, English, University of Southampton Yuejie Liu, PhD Candidate, English, University of Southampton Phuong Le Hoang Ngo, PhD Candidate, Modern Languages and Linguistics, University of Southampton (Editors, Emergence, 2018) 1 Arts and Humanities Graduate School Student Network The Arts and Humanities Graduate School Student Network (GradNet) is an inclusive, student-led community for all postgraduates in the Faculty of Arts and Humanities. It strives to create an atmosphere in which students are able to connect, both as individuals and as developing professionals. We aim to: • Build and maintain a vibrant postgraduate community for the students, by the students. • Cultivate identities as academic researchers, both individually and collectively. • Engage in current academic debate. • Nurture the acquisition and development of transferable skills for future careers. • Provide opportunities for social interaction. In order to achieve these aims, our activities include: • an annual conference. • an annual journal, Emergence. Gradnet Conference The annual conference has now become a regular highlight of the academic year in our faculty. The conference last year featured 22 papers and Pecha Kucha sessions, with PGR presenters from the University of Southampton, as well as from Kent, Goldsmiths College, and Jagiellonian University. The GradNet conference provides an important forum for postgraduate researchers to exchange ideas and approaches, as well as an opportunity to share experiences across institutions and disciplinary boundaries. A successful new innovation this year was an advisory panel on post-PhD progress featuring an established academic, someone in their first teaching post and a PhD candidate who had recently and successfully negotiated her viva. 2 Emergence Emergence is a peer-reviewed journal that builds upon the papers delivered at our annual conference. Each year, the Call for Papers is sent out nationwide to encourage the widest possible participation. This has led to a broad, insightful journal that showcases the research possibilities of the Humanities. The journal helps postgraduate scholars to develop their skills as academic researchers, reviewers and writers, thus building their academic profiles for the future. The journal has over the years brought together contributions from a wide range of disciplines: Classics, English, Film, History, Music, Philosophy, and Modern Languages and Linguistics. The diversity and complexity of the subjects tackled mirrors the breadth and depth of postgraduate research in our recently broadened Faculty. Get Involved If you are interested in participating in any of the GradNet activities, please get in touch. There is no joining fee, and no obligation involved. However, we do very much welcome, and would be grateful for, PGR involvement in organising our next event, conference or journal edition. Please email us at [email protected]. Humanities Graduate School Student Network https://www.southampton.ac.uk/humanities_graduate_school/activities/academic%20 activities/groups/gradnet/index.page Find us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/hpgc.soton/ and on Twitter: http://twitter.com/GradNetSoton Sarah Schwarz PhD Candidate, Archaeology Chair of GradNet (2018) 3 Reading Jorie Graham’s ‘Unrelenting | Syncopated Mind’ through Cognitive Theory Mariam Alghamdi (University of Southampton) In an early essay written in the 1980s, American poet Jorie Graham insisted that a poem is a tool that can be used to recognize those characteristics that enable her to ‘wrench a uniqueness [and] an identity’.1 This paper adopts an interdisciplinary approach to Graham’s poems ‘Mind’ and ‘Notes on the Reality of the Self’ in order to reveal how these poems —which have been overlooked by scholars and critics — acquire new interpretative potential when read through the ideas of cognitive science.2 Neuroscientist Antonio Damasio’s theory of the self is employed to demonstrate that Graham uses lyric poetry to investigate her mind as a means of understanding her sense of self, identity, and wellbeing in the world. This paper’s idea of linking poetry to neuroscience was inspired by the National Public Radio (NPR) Science Friday Broadcast interview ‘The Passionate Mind: Emotion, Cognition, and the Construction of the Self’, which brought together Damasio, Graham and the philosopher Thomas Metzinger as part of the University of Utah’s second annual symposium in science and literature in 2003.3 Damasio is currently the director of the Brain and Creativity Institute at the University of Southern California (USC).4 Before teaching at USC, Damasio was a colleague with Graham at the University of Iowa from 1983–85, where he was professor of neurology and Graham was professor of poetry at the Iowa Writers’ Workshop. The significance of their two-year professional relationship is apparent in the surprising commonalities in the neuroscientist's and the poet’s conceptions of self and consciousness. 1 Jorie Graham, 'Some Notes on Silence', in 19 New American Poets of the Golden Gate, ed. by Philip Dow (New York: Harcourt, 1984), p.418. 2 Jorie Graham, ‘Mind’, in Hybrids of Plants and of Ghosts (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1980), p. 61; Jorie Graham, ‘Notes on the Reality of the Self’ (4), in Materialism (Hopewell, NJ: Ecco Press, 1993), pp. 59-61. 3 Jorie Graham, Antonio Damasio, and Thomas Metzinger, 'Emotion, Cognition, and Consciousness', in Talk of the Nation/Science Friday, ed. by Ira Flatow (National Public Radio: 10 October 2003) <http://www.scienceandliterature.org/history/2003.html> [accessed 28 June 2018]. 4 Antonio Damasio (Faculty Profile), Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California (2018) < https://dornsife.usc.edu/cf/faculty-and staff/faculty.cfm?pid=1008328> [accessed 09 August 2018]. 4 In the NPR interview, Damasio discusses the ‘monitoring ability’ of humans. He observes that ‘we are conscious and have a self as a by-product of this enormous