Carlitos (Charlie) Sobrevive a Su Creador, Charles Chaplin

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Carlitos (Charlie) Sobrevive a Su Creador, Charles Chaplin EL GENIO HA MUERTO (I) Carlitos (Charlie) sobrevive a su creador, Charles Chaplin La muerte de Charles Spencer Chaplin (88) indica la desaparición de quien, para una parte importante de la crítica mundial es el genio mayor de la historia cine, un creador que obtuvo el respaldo público y los mayores elogios. Otros sectores de opinión acostumbran marcar reservas sobre el talento de ese artista. Su permanencia, sin embargo, es mayor que la de casi otro creador cinematográfico. Las descripciones periodísticas son en el siglo XX, una hazaña que no precisas en los datos: Vevey, cerca lograron Shakespeare, Moliere, Eins- de Lausanne, tiene algo más de quin­ tein o Picasso, con quienes lo com­ ce mil habitantes, dos museos, un cine- paró mucha crítica importante duran­ teatro, una biblioteca, cuatro bancos, te años. La admiración por Chaplin de­ doce joyerías y siete restaurantes. A rivó habitualmente a considerarlo un catorce quilómetros de Vevey, se tro­ genio, a indicarlo como el creador más pieza con Chatel-St-Denis, donde hace importante de la historia del cine e veinticuatro años Charles Chaplin ha­ indujo al equívoco de creerlo un filó­ bía comenzado a envejecer, lejos del sofo que opinaba sobre los Grandes mundo, al que ocasionalmente regresó Temas de Todos los Tiempos, cuando para aceptar un Oscar con el que la quizá no haya sido más que un poeta, Academia lavó su mala conciencia y o mejor, un simple hombrecito capaz para recibir de la Reina de Inglaterra de sentir las penas y las ansias de el título de Sir Charles, una nomina­ cualquier otro hombrecito en el mun­ ción que no alcanza a cualquiera. Esas do. Ese hombrecito nació en 1914 y distinciones formales hubieran moles­ murió poco antes de la Segunda Gue­ tado a Chaplin a otra altura de su vida, rra Mundial: entre una y otra pregue­ pero en 1972 y 1975 fueron aceptadas rra, Charlie (o Carlitos, o Charlot) se como un reconocimiento al pasado. identificó con mucha gente en todo LUCES DE LA CIUDAD Ese pasado había escapado desde al­ el mundo, hasta que Charles Spencer Al margen go más de un año de la memoria del Chaplin lo abandonó porque había de­ anciano que en Vevey era llevado por cidido que su misión era enfrentar a Oona O’Neill en un coche de ruedas. un contemporáneo suyo, nacido cua­ Y la memoria de ese pasado había co­ tro días después que él, notablemente menzado a borrarse de nuevas genera­ parecido a él mismo, con un bigote ciones de espectadores para quienes que quizás hubiera imitado de su po­ p\ cine de Chaplin se hunde en la bre hombrecito y que se llamó Adolf prehistoria de los tiempos. Fue sin Hitler (o Hinkler, en Ei gran dictador). embargo el hombre que alcanzó la Para Chaplin el tiempo no pasó en va­ mayor popularidad en todo el mundo no. En la madrugada de la pasada Na- FILMOGRAFIA CHARLES CHAPLIN 1914 — Buscando la subsistencia (Making a Ll- 1914 — Su pasatiempo favorito (His Favorlte vlng). USA. Director, Henry Lehrman. Pastime). USA. Directores, George Ni- Productor, Mack Sennett. Fotografía, E. cholls, Mack Sennett. Productor, Mack J. Vallei/o. Con Charles Chaplin, Henry Sennettt. Con Charles Chaplin, Roscoe Lehrman, Al Ice Davenport, Virginia Kir- Arbuckle, Peggy Pearce. 10'. tley. 10\ 1914 -- Cruel, cruel amor (Cruel, Cruel Love) 1914 — Carrera de autos en Venada (Kid Auto USA. Director y productor, Mack Sen Races at Venlce). USA. Director H. P. nett. Con Charles Chaplin, Chester Con Lehrman. Productor, Mack Sennet. Fo­ klln, Alice Davenport, Minta Durfee. 10’ tografía, Frank Williams. Con Charles 1914 — Carlitos en la pensión (The Star Boar Chaplin, Henry Lehrman, The Keystone der). USA. Director y productor, Mack Klds. 10'. Sennett. Con Charles Chaplin, Gordon 1914 Carlitos en el hotel (Mabel's Strange G riffith, Edgar Kennedy, Alice Daven­ Predicament). USA. Directores, Henry port. 1 0 '. Lehrman, Mack Sennett. Productor. Sen- 1914 — Mabel al volante (Mabel at the wheel). nett. Con Charles Chaplin, Mabel Nor- USA. Directores, Mack Sennett, Mabel mand, Harry McCoy, A lice Davenpot. 10'. Normand. Productor, Sennett. Con Char­ 1914 — El flirt de Carlitos (Between Showers). les Chaplin, Mabel Normand, Chester USA. Drector, Henry Lehrman. Produc­ Conklln, Harry McCoy. Mack Sennett, Al tor, Mack Sennett. Con Charles Cha- ■StJohn. plln, Ford Sterllng, Chester Conklln. 10'. 191* — Veinte minutos de amor (Twenty Minu­ 1914 — Carlitos hace cine (A Film Johnnle). tes of Love). USA. Director y produc­ USA. Director y productor, Mack Sen­ tor. Mack Sennettt. Con Charles Cha­ nett. Con Charles Chaplin, Roscoe Ar- plin, Edgar Kennedy. Minta Durfee, buckle, Virginia Kirtley, Minta Durfee. Chester Conklin. 10’. 1914 — Carlitos, mozo de café/C arlitos en el 1914 — Carlitos en el baile (Tango Tangles). cabaret (Caught in a Cabaret). USA. Di­ USA. Director y productor, Mack Sen­ rectores. Mabel Normand. Charles Cha­ EL PIBE nett. Con Charles Chaplin, Ford Sterling, plin. Mack Sennett. Productor, Sennett. Roscoe Arbuckle, Chester Conklln, The Libreto de Normand, Chaplin. Con Char­ Detrás los poderosos Keystone G irls. 10’ . les Chaplin,Mabel Normand, Alice Daven- vidad, Carlitos lloró porque Charles nablemente surge de esos films, des­ Chaplin había muerto. de 1914 a Luces de la ciudad, ai co­ Durante años ,el pensador Chaplin mienzo dei sonoro. fue cuestionado por la crítica menos permeable a ía sensibilidad y durante EL PRIMER CHAPLIN — La veloci­ el mismo tiempo otro sector de la dad fue la marca de fábrica de Mack crítica, que quizás se guía por impre­ Sennett, un productor de comedias siones, elogió esa misma obra general­ mudas de diez a veinte minutos en mente con adjetivos. La discusión crí­ las que todo lo imprevisible ocurría tica, sin embargo, fue sólo una de las y donde el ridículo invadía a sectores controversias en torno del actor y di­ y personajes dominantes de la socie­ rector: casi desde los comienzos de dad. Allí, en 1914, Chaplin progresó su carrera los ataques personales apun­ de simple actor a director de sus taron contra él porque la prensa primeros cortos, tropezó accidental­ Hearst (y la columnista Louella Par- mente con la indumentaria que nece­ sons) vieron con malos ojos los múl­ sitaba Carlitos y se oonvirtió en un tiples romances de un inglés cómico nombre famoso en meses. En pocos en Hollywood, luego porque sucesivos años y en cuatro compañías sucesi­ escándalos rodearon un matrimonio vas (las otras: Essanay, Mutual, First con Lita Gray y después porque Cha­ National), Chaplin adquirió su primer plin opinó en declaraciones varias so­ reconocimiento crítico. Sus films, vis­ bre política internacional, abogó por la tos hoy, con los saltitos de su per­ entrada en la guerra de USA, parti­ sonaje, con la rapidez de acción y las cipó de mítines antinazis y colocó en reacciones encadenadas de situaciones sus películas claras alusiones al ma­ humorísticas que generan otras y de­ qumismo, a la Alemania de Hitler y rivan a hecatombes varias, tortas a a una larga lista de temas más bien la cara, accidentes y velocidad, son polémicos que incluyó en 1957 (Un rey films que no parecen haber sido afec­ en Nueva York) un ataque a los Esta­ tados. por el tiempo. Su eficacia es dos Unidos, de donde había partido la misma que tenían en 1914-23 cuan- poco antes. Esos desplantes pueden entenderse como la sobreestima de Chaplin por su propia persona, un error al que lo indujo los halagos de mucha gente famosa en todo el mun­ do, o como una prolongación de ideas más simples y modestas que había colocado espontáneamente en sus pri­ meros films y que por lo general se reducían al enfrentamiento del débil (Carlitos) con poderosos varios: hom­ bres grandes, caseros, patrones, poli­ cías, villanos, atildados caballeros. Co­ mo el débil siempre triunfaba, la ad­ hesión sentimental de anchos sectores de público se volcó desde entonces en su favor. Pero esas ideas genera­ les y 'simples no habilitaban a un pen­ sador ni el personaje era comparable con Don Quijote. Era más bien un acto instintivo y espontáneo, el proceso creador de un artista por entonces en la plenitud de su imaginación. Y ‘ si hubiera que definirlo, sería la actitud TIEMPOS MODERNOS individualista, romántica la que razo­ La máquina domina al hombre port, H. MacCoy, Mack Swain, Minta Sllm Summerville. *10’ . les Murray, Mlnta Durfee. 10’. Durfee, Chester Conklin. 20’. 1914 — La vida conyugal de Mabel (M abel’s 1914 — La nueva profesón de C arlitos (Hls New 1914 — Carlitos en el hotel (Caught in the Married Life). USA. Directores, Charles Profession). USA. Director, Charles Cha­ Rain). USA. Dirección y libreto de Chaplin, Mabel Normand. Productor. plin. Productor, Mack Sennett. Con Charles Chaplin. Productor, Mack Sen­ Mack Sennett. Con Charles Chaplin, Ma­ Charles Chaplin, Charley Chase, Harry nett. Con Charles Chaplin. Alice Daven­ bel Normand, Mack Swain, Charles Mu- McCoy, Minta Durfee. 1 0 ’. port, Mack Swain. 10’. ray, A llce Davenport. 10‘. 1914 Carlitos y Tripitas en el café (The 1914 — Un día agitado (A Busy Day). USA. Di­ 1914 — El gas hilarante (Laughing Gas). USA. Rounders). USA. Director. Charles Cha­ rección y libreto de Charles Chaplin. Director, Charles Chaplin. Productor, plin. Productor, Mack Sennett. Con Productor, Mack Sennett. Con Charles Mack Sennett. Con Charles Chaplin, Charles Chaplin, Roscoe Arbuckle, Minta Chaplin, Mack Swain, Phillys Alien. 6 ’. Fritz Schade, Alice Howell, Slim Sum­ Durfee, Phyllls Alien. Al StJohn. 10’. 1914 — La ,maza fatal (The Fatal M allet). USA. merville. Mack Swain. 1 0 ’. 1914 Carlitos conserje (The New Janitor). Directores, Charles Chaplin, Mack Sen­ 1914 — Carlitos tramoyista (The Property Man). USA. Dirección y libreto de Charles nett. Productor, Mack Sennett. Con Char­ USA.
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