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Phase II and Phase III Archeological Database and Inventory Site Number: 18ST704 Site Name: Pax River Goodwin Site 1 Prehistoric Other Name(S) Charles' Gift Historic

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Phase II and Phase III Archeological Database and Inventory Site Number: 18ST704 Site Name: Pax River Goodwin Site 1 Prehistoric Other Name(S) Charles' Gift Historic Phase II and Phase III Archeological Database and Inventory Site Number: 18ST704 Site Name: Pax River Goodwin Site 1 Prehistoric Other name(s) Charles' Gift Historic Brief 17th-20th c. plantation, structures & artifact concentration, Late Woodland short-term camp, Unknown Description: lithic scatter Site Location and Environmental Data: Maryland Archeological Research Unit No. 9 SCS soil & sediment code Latitude 38.3069 Longitude -76.3963 Physiographic province Western Shore Coastal Terrestrial site Underwater site Elevation -6 m Site slope Ethnobotany profile available Maritime site Nearest Surface Water Site setting Topography Ownership Name (if any) Chesapeake Bay -Site Setting restricted Floodplain High terrace Private Saltwater Freshwater -Lat/Long accurate to within 1 sq. mile, user may Hilltop/bluff Rockshelter/ Federal Ocean Stream/river need to make slight adjustments in mapping to cave Interior flat State of MD account for sites near state/county lines or streams Estuary/tidal river Swamp Hillslope Upland flat Regional/ Unknown county/city Tidewater/marsh Lake or pond Ridgetop Other Unknown Spring Terrace Low terrace Minimum distance to water is 8 m Temporal & Ethnic Contextual Data: Contact period site ca. 1820 - 1860 Y Ethnic Associations (historic only) Paleoindian site Woodland site ca. 1630 - 1675 ca. 1860 - 1900 Y Native American Asian American Archaic site MD Adena ca. 1675 - 1720 Y ca. 1900 - 1930 Y African American Unknown Early archaic Early woodland ca. 1720 - 1780 Y Post 1930 Y Anglo-American Y Other MIddle archaic Mid. woodland ca. 1780 - 1820 Y Hispanic Late archaic Late woodland Y Unknown historic context Unknown prehistoric context Unknown context Y=Confirmed, P=Possible Site Function Contextual Data: Historic Furnace/forge Military Post-in-ground Urban/Rural? Rural Other Battlefield Frame-built Domestic Prehistoric Transportation Fortification Masonry Homestead Multi-component Misc. ceremonial Canal-related Encampment Other structure Farmstead Village Rock art Road/railroad Townsite Slave related Hamlet Shell midden Mansion Wharf/landing Religious Non-domestic agri Plantation Base camp STU/lithic scatter Maritime-related Church/mtg house Recreational Rockshelter/cave Quarry/extraction Row/townhome Bridge Ch support bldg Cellar Midden/dump Earthen mound Fish weir Ford Burial area Cairn Production area Privy Artifact scatter Educational Cemetery Burial area Unknown Industrial Spring or well Commercial Sepulchre Other context Mining-related Trading post Isolated burial Unknown Quarry-related Store Other context Mill Bldg or foundation Tavern/inn Black/metalsmith Possible Structure Interpretive Sampling Data: Prehistoric context samples Soil samples taken N Historic context samples Soil samples taken Y Flotation samples taken N Other samples taken Flotation samples taken Y Other samples taken Phase II and Phase III Archeological Database and Inventory Site Number: 18ST704 Site Name: Pax River Goodwin Site 1 Prehistoric Other name(s) Charles' Gift Historic Brief 17th-20th c. plantation, structures & artifact concentration, Late Woodland short-term camp, Unknown Description: lithic scatter Diagnostic Artifact Data: Prehistoric Sherd Types Shepard Keyser Projectile Point Types Koens-Crispin Marcey Creek Popes Creek Townsend 1 Yeocomico Clovis Perkiomen Dames Qtr Coulbourn Minguannan Monongahela Hardaway-Dalton Susquehana Selden Island Watson Sullivan Cove Susquehannock Palmer Vernon Accokeek Mockley Shenks Ferry Kirk (notch) Piscataway Wolfe Neck Clemson Island Moyaone Kirk (stem) Calvert Vinette Page Potomac Cr Le Croy Selby Bay Historic Sherd Types Ironstone 59 Staffordshire 23 Stoneware Earthenware English Brown 35 Morrow Mntn Jacks Rf (notch) Jackfield Tin Glazed 103 Astbury 4 Eng Dry-bodie Guilford Jacks Rf (pent) Mn Mottled 24 Whiteware 238 Borderware Brewerton Madison/Potomac 1 Nottingham 14 North Devon 670 Porcelain 267 Buckley 46 Rhenish 14 Otter Creek Levanna Pearlware 204 Creamware 141 All quantities exact or estimated minimal counts Wt Salt-glazed 230 Other Artifact & Feature Types: Prehistoric Features Lithic Material Fer quartzite Sil sandstone Prehistoric Artifacts Other fired clay Mound(s) Storage/trash pit Jasper Chalcedony European flint Flaked stone 189 Human remain(s) Midden Burial(s) Chert Ironstone Basalt Ground stone Modified faunal Shell midden Ossuary Rhyolite Argilite Unknown Stone bowls Unmod faunal Postholes/molds Unknown Quartz Steatite Other Fire-cracked rock 12 Oyster shell House pattern(s) Other Quartzite Sandstone Other lithics (all) Floral material Palisade(s) Dated features present at site Ceramics (all) 25 Uncommon Obj. Hearth(s) Rimsherds Other Lithic reduc area Historic Artifacts Historic Features Tobacco related 763 Privy/outhouse Depression/mound Unknown Pottery (all) 3079 Activity item(s) 196 Const feature Well/cistern Burial(s) Other Glass (all) 7795 Human remain(s) Foundation Trash pit/dump Railroad bed Architectural 35898 Faunal material Cellar hole/cellar Furniture 21 Misc. kitchen 15087 Sheet midden Earthworks Hearth/chimney Arms 47 Floral material Planting feature Mill raceway Postholes/molds Clothing 44 Misc. 6486 Road/walkway Wheel pit Personal items 24 Other Paling ditch/fence All quantities exact or estimated minimal counts Radiocarbon Data: Sample 1: +/- years BP Reliability Sample 2: +/- years BP Reliability Sample 3: +/- years BP Reliability Sample 4: +/- years BP Reliability Sample 5: +/- years BP Reliability Sample 6: +/- years BP Reliability Sample 7: +/- years BP Reliability Sample 8: +/- years BP Reliability Sample 9: +/- years BP Reliability Additional radiocarbon results available Phase II and Phase III Archeological Database and Inventory Site Number: 18ST704 Site Name: Pax River Goodwin Site 1 Prehistoric Other name(s) Charles' Gift Historic Brief 17th-20th c. plantation, structures & artifact concentration, Late Woodland short-term camp, Unknown Description: lithic scatter External Samples/Data: Collection curated at MAC Lab Additional raw data may be available online Summary Description: The Pax River Goodwin Site (18ST704), also known as “Charles’ Gift”, is comprised of a 17th to 20th century plantation and a Late Woodland period short- term camp. Site 18ST704 is situated on the south bank of the Patuxent River aboard the Naval Air Station Patuxent River (NASPAX) in St. Mary’s County. Soils in the site area belong to the Mattapeake-Mattapex-Sassafras association, primarily well-drained Mattapeake silt loam. The historic period site measures approximately 236.22 m east-west by 243.84 m north-south (775’x800’) and the prehistoric component measures approximately 38.10 m east-west by 45.72 m (125’x150). In the Chesapeake Bay region, the first human exploitation and occupation (albeit on a limited scale) began some time before 10,000 BC. The proceeding Archaic period has generally been characterized by a significant increase in population and in a diversification of settlement and subsistence strategies. By the Late Archaic period, settlement in southern Maryland was characterized by scattered campsites on major rivers and estuaries. Late Archaic populations relied on intensive foraging within relatively limited areas. Oyster shell middens first appeared along the Patuxent River during this period. The subsequent Woodland period is defined by the introduction of pottery and is characterized by the onset of cultivation practices and an increase in permanent and semi- permanent settlements. Prehistoric sites within a 2 mile radius of 18ST704 indicate at least periodic short-term utilization of the area from the Early Archaic through the Late Woodland periods. Archival research indicated historic period occupation within the site area at Cedar Point since the 17th century, starting with the establishment of the Jesuit mission known as Conception Hundred or Mattapanient Hundred in the late 1630s. The land was granted to the Jesuit’s by the King of the Patuxent tribe. In 1641, after Calvert claimed the sole right to grant manorial parcels, the Jesuits retroceded Mattapanient to the Calvert proprietary. By 1642, the hundred’s population had risen to between 30 and 40. In 1648, William Eltonhead patented 2,000 acres at Cedar Point known as Rich Neck. In 1664, Eltonhead’s stepson began to dispose of the Eltonhead lands including a 600 acre tract that was sold to Charles Calvert, the future third Lord Baltimore, in 1668. The fortunes of the Eltonhead property next became inextricably linked to those of Mattapany, which was granted in 1663 to Henry Sewall, and re-granted (1,200 acres) to his widow Jane in 1665. The Mattapany-Sewall Manor was located some 4 km west-southwest of Eltonhead. Jane remarried Charles Calvert after Sewall’s death and at that time Calvert appropriated the Mattapany property in the name of the proprietary. The Calvert’s lived at Mattapany until ca. 1684 when they returned to England. To compensate Jane for the loss of Mattapany, Calvert granted her a re-patent of 2,000 acres at Eltonhead Manor in 1668 that came to be called “Charles’ Gift”. Sewall’s son, Major Nicholas Sewall, took ownership of Eltonhead Manor/Charles’ Gift. A structure appears in the site area on a 1673 map. The Sewall heirs and their trustees continued to control Eltonhead Manor/Charles’ Gift until the early 1820s, at which point the property was being parceled. The trend of subdividing the former Manor lands continued after the Civil War until the Navy’s acquisition of the property in 1941. Maps dated 1903 and 1929 show that the site continued to be used
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