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گزارش انگل های داخلی و خارجی پرنده ابیا اوراسیایی )Scolopax Rusticola( در شمال ایران

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گزارش انگل های داخلی و خارجی پرنده ابیا اوراسیایی )Scolopax Rusticola( در شمال ایران Archive of SID نشریه میکربیولوژی دامپزشکی/ دوره پانزدهم، شماره دوم، 8931، پیاپی 93: 883-821 گزارش انگلهای داخلی و خارجی پرنده ابیا اوراسیایی (Scolopax rusticola) در شمال ایران محمد اسدی ایرایی1، محمدرضا یوسفی*2، شهاب رمضانپور3، محمدجواد مشایخ نیا4، محمدرضا رودکی4، محمدمهدی یزدانیرستم4 1 دامپزشک عمومی، عضو باشگاه پژوهشگران و نخبگان جوان 2 دانشیار انگلشناسی دامپزشکی، دانشکده دامپزشکی واحد بابل دانشگاه آزاد اسﻻمی، بابل،ایران 3 دانشجوی دکتری پاتولوژی تخصصی دامپزشکی، دانشگاه تهران 4 دانشجوی مقطع دکتری دامپزشکی، دانشگاه آزاد اسﻻمی بابل، عضو باشگاه پژوهشگران و نخبگان جوان تاریخ دریافت: 23/11/1331 تاریخ پذیرش: 1338/11/11 خﻻصه: ابیاها به عنوان یک گروه از هشت گونهی زندهی مرغ های پا دراز در جنس اسکولوپکس )Scolopax( در نظر گرفته میشوند که در جنگل- های مخلوط یا برگ ریز زندگی و معموﻻ به صورت منفرد مهاجرت میکنند و همچنین یکی از پرندگانی است که دارای آلودگی های انگلی است. در این پژوهش از مجموع 18 پرنده ابیا اوراسیایی )S. rusticola( )11 نر و 1 ماده( که توسط مأموران محیط زیست مازندران از شکارچیان غیر مجاز ضبط شد، به منظور مطالعهی انگلهای خارجی و داخلی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند که در نتایج، میزان عفونت کلی انگلی در پرندههای مورد مطالعه 111 % و انگلهای خارجی و داخلی پرندگان شامل دو گونه سستود ).Hymenolepis spp و Davinia proglottina(، یک گونه ترماتد )Echinoparyphium(، یک گونه جرب )Megninia cubitalis( و دو گونه شپش )Philopterus و Lipeurus( است. عﻻوه بر این، شایع ترین آلودگی با 22/12 درصد انگل )M. cubitalis( بوده است. یافتهها و مقایسهی آنها با مطالعههای دیگر نشان می دهند که ابیای اوراسیایی با توجه اهمیت مهاجرت، نقش مهمی در انتقال انگلها داشته و نیاز به تحقیقهای بیشتر در مورد این پرنده و سایر پرندگان مهاجر در ایران احساس میشود و همچنین این مطالعه نخستین گزارش انگلهای مذکور در پرنده ابیا اوراسایی از ایران است. کلمات کلیدی: ابیا، اوراسیا، انگل، ایران نویسنده مسئول: محمد رضا یوسفی آدرس: گروه انگل شناسی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه آزاد اسﻻمی واحد بابل- ایران. تلفن: 13111148131 پست الکترونیک: [email protected] www.SID.ir 821. نشریه میکروبیولوژی دامپزشکی/ پانزدهم، شماره دوم، 8931، پیاپی Archive of SID 93 مقدمه مواد و روش ابیاها به عنوان یک گروه از هشت گونهی زندهی مرغ در طی ماههای آبان تا بهمن سال 1331، 18 بهله ابیای های پا دراز در جنس اسکولوپکس )Scolopax( در اوراسیایی از شکارچیان غیرمجاز توسط ماموران محیط نظر گرفته میشوند)10(. امروزه گونه هایی که از این زیست مازندران توقیف گردید که در میان این پرنده ها باقی مانده اند شامل ابیای اوراسیایی پرندگان، 11 بهله نر و 1 بهله ماده وجود داشته است. )Eurasian woodcock(، ابیای بوکیدنون ) Bukidnon تمامی نمونهها جهت انجام آزمایشهای انگلی به woodcock(، ابیای امامی )Amami woodcock(، آزمایشگاه تشخیص طبی دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه ابیای گینهی نو )New Guinea woodcock(، ابیا آزاد اسﻻمی واحد بابل ارسال گردید. برای جداسازی جاوان )Javan woodcock(، ابیا سوﻻوسی ) Sulawesi انگلهای خارجی از بدن و بالهای پرنده به وسیلهی woodcock(، ابیای ملوکن )Moluccan woodcock( نیدل، از دستگاه استریومیکروسکوپ استفاده و هر و ابیای آمریکایی )American woodcock( است)5(. نمونه با یک قطره ﻻکتوفنول به مدت 12 ساعت تا 1 ابیا اوراسیایی به یک زیستگاه تولید مثل وسیع شامل هفته واضح گردید. به منظور یافتن انگلهای داخلی، بخش های تفکیک نشدهی درختان پهن برگ برگریز سراسر دستگاه گوارش شامل معده، رودهی کوچک و یا پهن برگ مخلوط و درختان (Coniferous) با بوته رودهی بزرگ به صورت طولی برش داده شده و برای های متراکم زیرین آن نیازمند است. این پرندهدارای جمع شدن تمام محتویات، چندین بار مورد آبکشی قرار دامنهی پراکندگی وسیع در حدود11 میلیون کیلومتر گرفتند. محتوای هر عضو به صورت جداگانه با Mesh مربعی بوده و جمعیت آن نیز به 11 میلیون میرسد. 70 بررسی و سپس قسمتهای باقی مانده برای ابیاها معموﻻ به صورت منفرد مهاجرت میکنند تحقیقات بیشتر به ظرفهای پتریدیش منتقل گردیدند. درحالیکه شرایط جغرافیایی و آب و هوایی می توانند ترماتدها و سستودهای استخراج شده پس از فیکس آنها را مجبور به جمع شدن یا باهم بودن کند)5(. شدن و نگهداری در اتانول 11%، رنگآمیزی با فصل مهاجرت ابیا اوراسیایی در ایران، غالبا از آبان تا روشهای اسید کارمین و فرآیندهای آبگیری و بهمن است. هر ساله تعداد زیادی از پرندگان مهاجر شفافسازی، در چسب کانادا بالزام فیکس گردیدند. دریایی از نیمکرهی شمالی به استان مازندران در شمال همچنین شناسایی کرمها با استفاده از کلیدهای ایران مهاجرت میکنند. استانهای شمالی ایران به عنوان سیستماتیک موجود، انجام گرفت. اقامتگاههای زمستانی مناسب برای پرندگان دریایی نتایج مهاجر و همچنین مقیم شمرده میشوند. با این حال میزان عفونت کلی انگلی در نمونههای مورد مطالعه توجه کافی بر شیوع و شدت آلودگی انگلی ابیای 111 درصد )18 قطعه( بوده است که 11/11 درصد )11 - اوراسیایی صورت نگرفته است. از این رو هدف این قطعه( آن را نرها و 83/38 درصد )1 قطعه( آن را ماده مطالعه، تعیین آلودگیهای انگلی داخلی و خارجی ها تشکیل دادند. انگلهای داخلی و خارجی ابیا پرنده ابیا در استان مازندران می باشد. اوراسیایی بررسی شده شامل دو گونه سستود Davinia proglottina Hymenolepisspp. ) و ( www.SID.ir گزارش انگلهای داخلی و خارجی پرنده ابیا SID اوراسیایی Archive828 ... of )تصاویر 2 و 1(، یک گونه جرب ) Megninia پرنده به میزان 22/12 درصد بوده است و پس از آن cubitalis( )تصویر 3(، یک گونه ترماتد )Hymenolepis. spp( و )D. proglotina( با درگیری )Echinoparyphium( )تصویر 4( و دو گونه شپش 11 قطعه به میزان 11/11 درصد قرار داشتند )جدول )Philopterus و Lipeurus( بوده اند. عﻻوه بر این، شماره 1(. شایع ترین انگل )M. cubitalis( با درگیری 13 قطعه جدول 1. میزان و محل مشاهده انگلهای داخلی و خارجی استخراج شده از ابیای اوراسیایی نوع انگل نام انگل محل مشاهده درصد عفونت)تعداد( درصد ماده)تعداد( درصد نر )تعداد( سستود .Hymenolepis spp روده باریک 21/18 )5( 28/51 )2( 21/21 )3( سستود D. proglottina روده باریک 33/33 )1( 28/51 )2( 31/31 )4( ترماتد Echinoparyphium روده باریک 5/55 )1( 1 )1( 3/13 )1( جرب Megninia cubitalis بدن و پرها 12/22 )13( 11/42 )5( 12/12 )8( شپش Philopterus بدن و پرها 5/55 )1( 1 )1( 3/13 )1( Lipeurus شپش بدن و پرها 5/55 )1( 14/28 )1( 1 )1( تصویر 2_ سستود Hymenolepis spp تصویر 1_ سستود D. Proglottina www.SID.ir 822. نشریه میکروبیولوژی دامپزشکی/ پانزدهم، شماره دوم، 8931، پیاپی Archive of SID 93 Megninia cubitalis _ تصویر 3 جرب _ Echinostoma تصویر 4 ترماتد بحث در این انگل بسیار آسان میباشد. حقایق فوق حاکی از پرندگان مهاجر با توجه به عبور از سرزمینهای مختلف این است که آلودگی به انگلهای داخلی و خارجی با جغرافیای متفاوت، نقش عمدهای در انتقال انگلهای مختلف میتواند بهای مخفی مهاجرت باشد)11(. داخلی و خارجی داشته و به عنوان یک میزبان نهایی و در این بررسی، طبق جدول شماره 1، میزان کل ناقل اصلی به حساب میآیند. در واقع، با توجه به این آلودگی 111 درصد بوده که 11/11 درصد آن را نرها حقیقت که مهاجرت فعالیتی انرژی گیر بوده و با و 83/38 درصد آن را ماده ها تشکیل میدهند. در کاهش سطح ایمنی همراه است، پرندگان مهاجر نسبت مطالعهای مشابه که بر روی انگلهای گوارشی در به مقیمها حساستر میباشند. به عنوان نمونه میتوان به خوتکای بال سبز (Anas crecca) به عنوان پرندهای مطالعهی شریفی دروازه و همکاران در سال 1335 اشاره مهاجر در شمال ایران صورت گرفت، میزان آلودگی کرد که در آن بر روی هفت بهله باکﻻن که به علت سستودی در آن 5/22 درصد در نرها و 35/31 درصد استرس مهاجرت و همچنین عوارض ناشی از تجمع در مادهها گزارش شده است که نزدیک به میزان (Contracaecum تعداد زیادی از نماتد کنتراسکوم ) در آلودگی رخ داده در این تحقیق بوده است در صورتی دستگاه گوارش آنها در اطراف تاﻻب میقان تلف شده که میزان آلودگی ترماتدی روده کوچک، 5/41 درصد بودند، مطالعه انجام گردیده است)1(. با اشاره به در نرها و 11/41 درصد در مادهها گزارش گردید که Megninia مطالعهای دیگر در برزیل که به بررسی ) به مراتب بیشتر از این مطالعه میباشد. به عﻻوه، میزان cubitalis ( به عنوان یکی از شایع ترین انگلهای این آلودگی کلی در پرندگان نر و ماده به ترتیب - خارجی پرندههای اهلی این کشور در سال 2115 می 31/18 و 13/11 درصد بوده است و انگلهای یافت پردازد، میتوان به وسعت پراکنش این انگل پی برد)3(. شده شامل(Hypoderaeum conoideum) ، Megninia cubitalis ﻻزم به یادآوری است که ) ( (Notocotylus attenuatus) ،(Diorchisste fanskii) بیشترین درصد آلودگی را در این بررسی دارا بوده و با و ﻻرو )Contracaecum( میباشند که شامل نماتدها توجه به محل تولید مثل و تغذیه آنها، انتقال آلودگی هم میگردد )1(. در مطالعه ای دیگر که بر روی www.SID.ir گزارش انگلهای داخلی و خارجی پرنده ابیا SID اوراسیایی Archive829 ... of پرندهای مهاجر به نام پلیکان قهوهای در کشور نخستین همایش ملی بیماری های مشترک بین انسان و دام، پرتوریکو صورت گرفت، میزان کلی آلودگی 5/51 اصفهان، سازمان نظام دامپزشکی استان اصفهان. 2. Drooge BV, Mateo R, Vives I, Cardiel I, درصد بوده است )12(. در مطالعه ای دیگر نیز، انگل Guitart R. (2008). Organochlorine residue levels in livers of birds of prey from Spain: Fuhrmanolepisdubinskyi ) ( در یک ابیا اوراسیایی inter-species comparison in relation with diet and migratory patterns. Environmental گزارش شده است)Pollution; 153: 84-91. .)4 انگل های پرندگان مهاجر به دلیل داشتن پتانسیل .(Farias JD, Canaris AG. (1986 .3 Gastrointestinal helminths of the Mexican جابهجایی در مسافت های طوﻻنی از اهمیت باﻻیی duck, Anas platyrhynchos diazi Ridgway, from north central Mexico and southwestern United برخوردارند و برخی انگل ها دارای توانایی آلوده .States. Journal of Wildlife Diseases; 22: 51-54 کردن میزبان های مناسب را در مناطق وسیع جغرافیایی .Macko JK, Hanzelova V, Dudinak V .4 (2008). Fuhrmanolepis dubinskyi n.
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