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Congressional Report, Role of Native Hawaiians in the Fisheries, 1995

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Congressional Report, Role of Native Hawaiians in the Fisheries, 1995 Y 4. IN 2/1 1:S.HRG. 104-170 S. HRG. 104-170 ROLE OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS AND INDIGE- NOUS PACIFIC ISLANDERS IN THE CON- SERVATION, MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOP- MENT OF WESTERN PACIFIC FISHERIES CONSISTENT WITH THE GOALS OF CON- SERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF OCEAN RESOURCES JOINT HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS AND THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON OCEANS AND FISHERIES OF THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED FOURTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION ON PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO THE MAGNUSON FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT ACT JUNE 1, 1995 HONOLULU, HI NOV 2 l ,995 QQCUMFNTQ U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 92-666 CC WASHINGTON : 1995 For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402 ISBN 0-16-047697-6 Y 4. IN 2/1 1:S.HRG. 104-170 S. HRG. 104-170 ROLE OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS AND INDIGE- NOUS PACIFIC ISLANDERS IN THE CON- SERVATION, MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOP- MENT OF WESTERN PACIFIC FISHERIES CONSISTENT WITH THE GOALS OF CON- SERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF OCEAN RESOURCES JOINT HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS AND THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON OCEANS AND FISHERIES OF THE COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED FOURTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION ON PROPOSED AMENDMENTS TO THE MAGNUSON FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT ACT JUNE 1, 1995 HONOLULU, HI NOV 2 1 j995 £2£!J&s U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 92-666 CC WASHINGTON : 1995 For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402 ISBN 0-16-047697-6 COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS JOHN McCAIN, Arizona, Chairman DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii, Vice Chairman FRANK MURKOWSKI, Alaska KENT CONRAD, North Dakota SLADE GORTON, Washington HARRY REID, Nevada PETE V. DOMEN1CI, New Mexico PAUL SIMON, Illinois NANCY LANDON KASSEBAUM, Kansas DANIEL K. AKAKA, Hawaii DON NICKLES, Oklahoma PAUL WELLSTONE, Minnesota BEN NIGHTHORSE CAMPBELL, Colorado BYRON L. DORGAN, North Dakota CRAIG THOMAS, Wyoming ORRIN G. HATCH, Utah STEVEN J.W. HEELEY Majority Staff Director /Chief Counsel PATRICIA M. ZELL, Minority Staff Director/ Chief Counsel COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND TRANSPORTATION LARRY PRESSLER, South Dakota, Chairman BOB PACKWOOD, Oregon ERNEST F. HOLLINGS, South Carolina TED STEVENS, Alaska DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii JOHN MCCAIN, Arizona WENDELL H. FORD, Kentucky CONRAD BURNS, Montana J. JAMES EXON, Nebraska SLADE GORTON, Washington JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER IV, West Virgii TRENT LOTT, Mississippi JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts KAY BAILEY HUTCHISON, Texas JOHN B. BREAUX, Louisiana OLYMPIA J. SNOWE, Maine RICHARD H. BRYAN, Nevada JOHN ASHCROFT, Missouri BYRON L. DORGAN, North Dakota Patric G. Link, Chief of Staff KEVIN G. CURTIN, Democratic Chief Counsel and Staff Director Subcommittee on Oceans and Fisheries TED STEVENS, Alaska, Chairman BOB PACKWOOD, Oregon JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts SLADE GORTON, Washington DANIEL K. INOUYE, Hawaii OLYMPIA J. SNOWE, Maine JOHN B. BREAUX, Louisiana (ID CONTENTS Page Statements: Akaka, Hon. Daniel K., U.S. Senator from Hawaii 4 Borja, Jesus C, Lieutenant Governor, Commonwealth Northern Mariana Islands, Capitol Hill, Saipan, M.P 6 Bowman, Scotty, Government Affairs Officer, Office of Hawaiian Affairs .. 28 Broder, Sherry P., Esquire, on behalf of Clayton H. Hee, Chairman, Board Trustees, State of Hawaii, Office of Hawaiian Affairs 27 Ebisui, Jr., Edwin A., Chairman, Western Pacific Fishery Management Council, Honolulu, HI 5 Inouye, Hon. Daniel K., U.S. Senator from Hawaii, Vice Chairman, Com- mittee on Indian Affairs 1 Keala, Buddy, Kailua-Kona, HI 21 Mawae, James Keliipio Kahea, Hoolehua, Molokai, HI 13 Meheula, Harold H., President, Native Hawaiian Fishermens Association 29 Poepoe, Kelson, Kualapuu, Molokai, HI 24 Romero, April K., Mid-Pacific Hawaii Fishery, Inc., Hilo.HI 12 Stevenson, Alo Paul, Manager, BHP Petroleum, South Pacific, Inc., Pago, American Samoa 9 Tulafono, Ufagafa Ray A., Director, Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources, Pago Pago, American Samoa 19 Wilson, Michael, Chairman of the Board, Department of Land and Natu- ral Resources, Honolulu, HI 16 Appendix Prepared statements: Bordallo, Madeleine Z., Lieutenant Governor, Acting Governor of Guam ... 49 Borja, Jesus C. (with attachments) 86 Bowman, Scotty 43 Ebisui, Jr., Edwin A. (with attachments) 58 Fairbanks, R. Keoni, Executive Director, Kaho'olawe Island Reserve Com- mission (with attachments) 77 Hee, Clayton, Chairman, Office of Hawaiian Affairs 42 Keala, Buddy 36 Kuailani, Sr., Francis I., Park Superintendent at Kaloko-Honokohau Na- tional Historical Park, National Park Service, Department of the Inte- rior 44 Mawae, James Keliipio Kahea 33 Meheula, Harold H 44 Poepoe, Kelson 41 Romero, April K. (with attachment) 65 Stevenson, Alo Paul 31 Tulafono, Ufagafa Ray A 34 Underwood, Hon. Robert A., U.S. Delegate, Guam (with attachment) 51 Wilson, Michael (with attachments) 70 Note—Other material submitted for the record will be retained in committee files. (Ill) JOINT OVERSIGHT FIELD HEARING ON THE ROLE OF NATIVE HAWAIIANS AND INDIGE- NOUS PACIFIC ISLANDERS IN THE CON- SERVATION, MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOP- MENT OF WESTERN PACIFIC FISHERIES CONSISTENT WITH THE GOALS OF CON- SERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF OCEAN RESOURCES THURSDAY, JUNE 1, 1995 U.S. Senate, Committee on Indian Affairs, Meeting Jointly With the Subcommittee on Oceans and Fisheries of the Committee on Commerce, Honolulu, HI. The committees met, pursuant to notice, at 9 a.m. at Aha Kaulike, U.S. District Court room, fourth floor, U.S. Court House Building, 300 Ala Moana Boulevard, Honolulu, HI, Hon. Daniel K. Inouye (vice chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs) presid- ing. Present: Senators Inouye and Akaka. STATEMENT OF HON. DAMEL K. INOUYE, U.S. SENATOR FROM HAWAn, VICE CHAHIMAN, COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAmS Senator Inouye. Good morning. The Senate Committee on Indian Affairs and the Subcommittee on Oceans and Fisheries of the Senate Committee on Commerce meet this morning to receive testimony on proposed amendments to the Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act. As a member of both committees, I have been authorized to chair this joint hearing of the two committees. A bill to reauthorize the Magnuson Act has recently been re- ported by the Committee on Resources in the U.S. House of Rep- resentatives. In the next few weeks, the Senate Committee on Commerce will undertake work on a bill to reauthorize the Magnu- son Act. We have scheduled this hearing this morning so that the commit- tees might have the benefit of your testimony as the Senate begins consideration of the reauthorization of the Magnuson Fishery Con- servation and Management Act. There are three concepts that we will be focusing on today. The first is a proposed amendment to the Magnuson Act that would (l) provide authority for the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Man- agement Council to establish a community development quota pro- gram, similar to the one that is now successfully operating in Alas- ka. There are four stated purposes of this program: First, to promote the economic well-being of coastal communities through involvement in fishery resources; Second, enabling participating communities to diversify local economies; Third, providing participating community residents with new op- portunities to obtain stable, long-term employment; and Fourth, allowing participating community residents a fair and reasonable opportunity to participate in fisheries which have been closed to them because of the high capital investments that are usually associated with meaningful participation. The question is, how does this program work in Alaska? First, there is a percentage of a biologically-harvestable resource set aside for communities in a specified geographic area; that is to say, we set aside a certain type offish for a certain community. In this case, the percentage is 7 percent of the total allowable catch of pol- lock. For Hawaii, it would be another type of fish. Applications to participate in the program are submitted on a biennial basis to the Governor of Alaska, who evaluates the applications and makes rec- ommendations on the size of the quota to be awarded. The rec- ommendations are reviewed by the Northern Pacific Regional Fish- ery Management Council authorized by the Magnuson Act, and are then submitted for final approval by the Secretary of Commerce. When approved, the participating communities have exclusive ac- cess to tne designated quota of the particular fishery resource, both in terms of harvesting and in terms of processing. It is this exclusive access to the harvesting and processing oppor- tunities that have brought participating communities a means of economic development in the areas where they have always fished. Through this mechanism, these communities are developing the economic capability to compete with large-scale fishing operations. In Alaska, it is primarily Alaska Native fishing communities that are participating in the program. These are some of the goals that these communities have identi- fied for their participation in the program: First, they want to make funds available for the purchase of fish- ing vessels, individual fishing quotas, and other business opportu- nities; Second, they want to implement a community development plan which would consist of employment training programs, grants for processing and marketing, and extension services to halt the re- gional loss of limited entry permits; Third, they want to establish a boat loan program for the pur- chase and/or construction
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