Rosehall Wind Farm, Lairg
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RWLM09/003 ROSEHALL WIND FARM, LAIRG Watching Brief for E.On Climate & Renewables SU-05-429 December 2011 ROSEHALL WIND FARM, LAIRG Watching Brief for E.On Climate & Renewables SU-05-429 December 2011 HA Job no.: RWLM09/003 NGR: NC 4945 0413 (centred) Parish: Creich Council: Highland OASIS ref.: headland1-106306 Archive will be deposited with: RCAHMS Project Manager Sorina Spanou Author Jamie Humble Fieldwork Jamie Humble & Paul Masser Graphics Caroline Norrman Approved by Sorina Spanou, Project Manager Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd © Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd 2011 13 Jane Street, Edinburgh EH6 5HE T 0131 467 7705 F 0131 467 7706 E offi [email protected] www.headlandarchaeology.com Rosehall Wind Farm, Lairg RWLM09/003 HHeadlandeadland ArchaeologyArchaeology LtdLtd CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION VIII 2. METHODOLOGY FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONITORING VIII 3. RESULTS 3 3.1 Results of Archaeological Monitoring 3 4. DISCUSSION 4 5. REFERENCES 4 APPENDICES 5 Appendix 1 – Site registers 5 Appendix 2 – Discovery and Excavation in Scotland entry 6 © Headland Archaeology (UK)© Headland Archaeology 2011 Ltd Rosehall Wind Farm, Lairg RWLM09/003 HHeadlandeadland ArchaeologyArchaeology LtdLtd LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Illus 1 1 Site layout showing areas of watching brief Illus 2 3 Farmstead fenced off to protect it from accidental damage Illus 3 4 Turbine 11 after topsoil stripping © Headland Archaeology (UK)© Headland Archaeology 2011 Ltd ROSEHALL WIND FARM, LAIRG Watching Brief Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd carried out a programme of archaeological works for E.On Climate & Renewables at Rosehall Wind farm, Lairg, Highland in order to satisfy conditions of planning consent. The archaeological work was carried out between May and July 2011; it was curated by the Highland Council Archaeology Unit (HCAU) who advise Highland Council on archaeological matters. The archaeological works comprised a pre-felling survey in order to assess the presence or absence, character, extent and condition of any sites. Two known archaeological sites were fenced off to protect them from accidental damage during felling. A 10% sample of all construction work was due to be archaeologically monitored. As the ground works progressed it soon became clear that there was no archaeological value in continued monitoring. Following discussions with the Highland Council Archaeology Unit the watching brief was terminated. The monitored areas comprised two stretches of access track totaling c250 m in length and the footprint of two turbine bases measuring c40 by 30m. No features of archaeological interest were discovered. 1. INTRODUCTION 2. METHODOLOGY FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONITORING Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd was commissioned to carry out a programme of archaeological works associated The WSI stipulated that the 10% sample of the ground with the construction of Rosehall Wind Farm by E.On works to be monitored would include: borrow pit B, the Climate & Renewables. The work was undertaken to construction compound near Turbine 1, the access tracks satisfy a planning condition set by Highland Council. and turbine bases associated with Turbine 7, Turbine 8 The discharging of this condition required a phased and Turbines 11–13. programme of works comprising fi ve main elements: In the event borrow pit B was not utilised. Topsoil • Agreement of a Written Scheme of Investigation stripping at the construction compound took place (WSI) detailing the on-site works with the without archaeological supervision. The access track planning authority’s archaeological advisers leading to turbine 8 was fl oated on top of the peat (Highland Council Archaeology Unit [HCAU]); therefore no excavations took place. In the area of turbine 8 the peat was so deep and wet that the contractors were • marking-out survey, for avoidance, of two known unable to dig it out to natural as intended. The alternative archaeological sites; arrangement was to push rock into the bog to construct a hard standing area. • pre-felling survey of the Phase 1 Conservation Management Plan felling area; An archaeologist monitored all topsoil stripping works associated with the access tracks and turbine bases • archaeological monitoring of a 10% sample of associated with Turbine 7 and Turbine 11. Following all site groundworks, including access tracks and these excavations it became clear that there was no borrow pits, to take place within the lower rides; archaeological value in further monitoring. This was thought to be the case as any signifi cant archaeology • production of report and archive. would be visible as upstanding features, of which none Rosehall Highlands 248000248000248000 249000249000249000 250000250000250000 251000251000251000 252000252000252000 16 (! 15 (! 905000 19 18 (! (! 10 (! 0 100km !F 17 ! 6 (! 14 E (! *# (! 9 (! 5 ! (! 13 D (! 12 11 4 (! (! 8 (! ! 2 ( 3 (! wind farm (! boundary 7 904000 (! 1 (! 0 1.5km 903000 Key .( proposed turbine location ! borrow pit location existing forest roads to be upgraded !C proposed new site tracks proposed anemometer location B !A construction compound wind farm boundary proposed area to be clearfelled archaeologically monitored areas pre felling survey 902000 N 01km Scale 1:20,000 @ A3 Reproduced using digital 1:20,000 data supplied by E.ON. Ordnance Survey © Crown copyright 2011 All rights reserved. Illus 1 Site layout showing areas of watching brief Rosehall Wind Farm, Lairg RWLM09/003 HHeadlandeadland ArchaeologyArchaeology LtdLtd 3 Illus 2 Farmstead fenced off to protect it from accidental damage were present. The monitored excavations had revealed 3. RESULTS enough of the soil profi le and geology to be certain that the peat deposits would not mask any such features. After The pre-felling walkover survey visited the Phase 1 discussions with the Highland Council Archaeology Unit Conservation Management Plan area prior to any felling the watching brief was terminated prior to the excavations taking place as this lay out with the area investigated during for turbine 12 and 13 and associated access tracks. the EIA programme of works. No previously unidentifi ed features of cultural heritage interest were identifi ed. All monitored ground works were undertaken with a wide toothless bucket (1.6–2m wide). Deposits were removed The marking out survey was completed at the same time as in spits down to the top of the undisturbed subsoil. This the pre-felling survey. Two sites were marked out: a grassy was then checked for the presence or absence of any mound (HER ref: MHG-49941) and a small farmstead archaeological features cut into the subsoil. (HER ref: MHG-32580). A 20m exclusion zone was established around the periphery of these sites, marked out No archaeological features were recorded during with orange plastic mesh fencing. This ensured these sites the monitoring therefore no contexts, small fi nds or were not accidentally damaged during felling operations. environmental samples were recorded. Records consisted Both surveys were undertaken in July 2010. of digital working shots and a site diary maintained by the monitoring archaeologist and including details of the location of works, deposits encountered, hours on 3.1 Results of Archaeological Monitoring site, liaison, meetings and site visits. All aspects of the archaeological works were undertaken in accordance with At the Construction Compound, an area c70 x 70m © Headland Archaeology (UK)© Headland Archaeology 2011 Ltd the codes of practice of the Institute for Archaeologists. wide adjacent to the main access track at was stripped Illus 3 Turbine 11 after topsoil stripping 4 without archaeological supervision, due to a lapse in No evidence of archaeological activity was revealed communication with the contractor on site. The whole during the excavations. The upland landscape of the wind area had been reduced by at least 2m, removing a farm located in an elevated and boggy situation suggested considerable depth of subsoil (glacial till deposits) as well that the potential for previously unidentifi ed sub-surface as the topsoil. Due to the depth of excavation carried archaeological remains was very low as any signifi cant out in the Construction Compound, any archaeological archaeology would be visible as upstanding features, of remains in this area will have been completely removed. which none were present. The monitored excavations revealed enough of the soil profi le and geology to be sure The monitored excavations comprised of the access tracks that the peat deposits would not mask any such features. leading to turbine 7 (10m wide and 130m in length) and turbine 11 (10m wide and 120m long). An area of 40 by 30m for the turbine base was monitored at turbines 7 and 5. REFERENCES 11. Test pits excavated in the vicinity of turbines 7, 8 and Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd 2010 Written Scheme of 11 were also monitored. Investigation for Archaeological works at Rosehall Wind Farm, Lairg, Sutherland, Unpublished Headland No archaeological remains were found during the Archaeology Report excavations. The subsoil across all the monitored areas Headland Archaeology (UK) Ltd 20** Rosehall Windfarm consisted of a glacial till deposit with frequent large Environmental Statement Chapter 10; Cultural boulders, with occasional outcrops of bedrock. Overlying Heritage. the subsoil was peat or a thin podzolised soil profi le between 0.1 and 2.0m in depth, with often localised, deep pockets of peat between outcrops of bedrock. 4. DISCUSSION The programme of archaeological works conducted at Rosehall Wind Farm has identifi ed