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Vol. V. No. 1/2. Jan./Feb. 1954 # Published in English, French and German * Price: 1 s; 40 c

At the Threshold of an New Year By Yaroslav Stetzko In the Free World the pendulum is still maintained a passive attitude regarding the ation with the peoples subjugated by Moscow. swinging to and fro — between false hopes events in the Soviet Union after Stalin’s death. Since a conference of the Big Five would for peace and alarm for war. For the sub­ The new year has a gloomy beginning. The amount to a capitulation of the United States jugated nations, however, the way lias been project of a conference of the Big Four in regarding Red China, this is quite out of the clearly designed by fate: they have to fight January 1954 is nothing but an illusion. No question. With China entering the legitimate for their ultimate objective —- for their liber­ conference with the Kremlin Tyrant will ever circle of the Western Powers, a new period ation. There is no choice. “ Freedom or death“ bring peace to the world. This new year will of bolshevic aggression would he initiated. If always has been the motto of the enslaved. also not he recorded in the annals of history England were to remain irresolute and France Although Stalin has died so recently yet as a year of peace hut as a year of fright and were to yield from the U.S.S.R., the United this event has nearly fallen into oblivion in fear of a new war. Malenkov and Molotov will States would be repressed into a minority. the whole of the western world as well as in not take a peace turtle with them. In the The European Powers believe that they could the countries subjugated by Moscow. All hopes contrary — they will make all efforts to counterbalance the economic and political for a radical change in the bolshevic system thwart the accomplishment of the European supremacy of the States by the settlement of are gone. Life and struggle are proceeding in Defence Community and its possible co-oper­ (Continued on Page 2) their usual course. The West has missed a favorable chance; neither the rising in Berlin Admiral George Mentz — though everyone noticed it — nor the riots that flared up in the satellite states and throughout the U.S.S.R. were able to change the minds of the Western statesmen. They did Russian Imperialistic Communism not even think of intervening in the course Adress delivered at 10th anniversary observance o f the founding of the events behind the Iron Curtain, hut put all their hopes on a policy of a possible agree­ o f the Anti-Bolshevic Bloc o f Nations (A.B.N.) held at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel, ment with Russia. The best chance for blow­ New York City, Sunday, Nov. 26, 1953 ing up bolshevism from within has been missed. The representatives of democracy had for­ It is a pleasure and honor for me to be able had they understood religion they would have gotten their own principles for a moment: to join with you this evening in the annual believed in it and the unworkable notions of they hoped sincerely that there would he a meeting of the Anti-Bolslievist Bloc of Na­ Marxism would not today be the driving force new dictator; it appeared, however, that in tions. It is a pleasure because I am confident behind traditional Russian Imperialism. that in speaking frankly about the threaten­ From this simple but proven premise we bolshevism the figure of the despot is not ing peril of Russian Imperialistic Commun­ can begin to understand the form and content alone decisive hut it is rather the evil which ism to the cause of human freedom I will not of Russian Communist imperialism. Any fai­ roots in this system itself. In the dictatorship be offending one single participant at this lure to recognize these basic truths makes of a single party it makes no difference who dinner. Strange as it may seem, that is unique it impossible to accurately understand Com­ is the momentary head. The dictator is dead even here in our beloved America. It is in munism as a world menace. It is this failure hut not so dictatorship! The democratic world every sense an honor because I know well of on the part of many intellectuals of the free overrated the role of an autocrat within a bol­ the gallant and fearless campaign of the world or their lack of moral courage to face shevic regime, as it has not been capable, up A.B.N. to expose the terrible dangers of Rus­ the truth, which has caused the cancerous sian Imperialistic Communism, your untiring like infection of large segments of the human to now, to realize the true nature of that sort efforts to awaken free people to tbe real men­ race. Tbe enslavement of many new nations of government. There is a principle differ­ ace to all mankind, and your firm allegiance and over 600.000.000 additional people in a ence between a military and a totalitarian to those dynamic political principles enunciat­ decade should have stirred the conscience of party dictatorship. The latter is a new feature ed in the American Declaration of Indepen­ every still free man, particularly those who in the history of social political appearances. dence. Strange as it may seem, even here in are posed as “experts“ on Russian. But we Furthermore, the West has understood, in America — the greatest citadel of freedom — wait in vain for that awakened conscience. principle, neither the character of Russian .im­ you have been attacked and smeared because We see on the other hand a determined effort perialism nor Russian mentality which has you have refused to be intimidated by the to further becloud and disguise the real issue agents of the World Communist conspiracy. of our times. To put it bluntly, here are some produced despotic systems for centuries. This We can be almost certain that the Commun­ of the more dangerous themes used by the is consequently the reason why its hopes for ist controlled and infiltrated publications will captive “experts“ : far-reaching consequences of the dictator’s launch an attack against the advocacy of free­ 1. That we should not interfere with the death were disappointed. The West itself, too, dom and peace taking place here this even­ internal affairs of the U.S.S.R. because to do ing. It is quite accurate to say that a fair test so will unite the captive people with the of the remaining strength of the communist Kremlin regime! Could you imagine the conspiracy in America can be measured by Ukrainians, Georgians, Armenians, Byelorus­ From the Contents: the violence and overall coverage given to sians, Cossaks, North Caucasians and the these attacks. This is a truism which can be other non-Russian people uniting with the Homo Hungnricus: Page applied to all freedom manifestations which Kremlin on any issue? To even speculate on Violent Russification in Hungary . . . 3 dare to clearly identify the real enemy of such a possibility is pure folly. There can be free people. Take it as a sincere compliment no question but what those who advance this Prof. Dr. Rudolf Wiercr: when I say that A.B.N. freedom rallies serve dangerous notion are either agents of the The Way of the C zech...... 5 as an accurate barometer to gauge the Kremlin, crafty advocates of one world social­ strength of Communist storms and furies. ism or plain fools. J. Gytis: Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin, all in their 2. That all the people of the U.S.S.R. are The Present Situation iu the Baltics . . 5 time charged religion to be the opiate of the Russians, greater or less, having a common people. They saw religion as a barrier to love for the “Russian Motherland“ ! Can S. Garip (Ufali): .. their false and nefarious theories but they you imagine any non-Russian being called a Equal Rights for All Peoples...... 8 never clearly understood why. There can be Russian and liking it? Do you know of any­ no doubt that their lack of comprehension thing in the history of the non-Russian na­ Prof. Dr. Vasyl Oreletsky: resulted from their failure to understand re­ tions of the U.S.S.R. which shows any respect ligion and its relation to the nature of man. for the so-called Russian Motherland let alone The Treaty of Pereyaslav in 1654 . . . 9 Had they understood the nature of man they any inclination to support such a mythical would have understood religion. Likewise claim? Yet, why is this dialectical misforma- Page 2 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Number 1/2

again. It should be clear, therefore, when we Russian Imperialistic Communism speak of Russian Imperialism as the political partner of Communist Imperialism that we lion being given wide circulation in many World threat. What is worse, in the eyes of are speaking about the misguided Russian otherwise respectable journals of the U.S. the Communists, it would lead to the inevi­ intelligentsia and not the masses of the Rus­ 3. That Stalin, using the theories of Lenin, table destruction of the master plan of the sian people. has stamped out all nationalism in the U.S. Marxists for World conquest. The founding There can be no doubt but what the chal­ S.R.! This line argues that the Kremlin has fathers of America were “separatists“ and lenge to our survival depends in large part established a “Soviet man,“ a “Soviet society“, they able described themselves as such in upon proper identification of the threat. a “Soviet civilization.“ We all know that the the Declaration of Independence. How strange Once we have identified this threat — devoid Kremlin propagandists have been attempting then, that right here in America — the birth­ of the massive communist campaign of decep­ to force acceptance of these completely false place of separatism as a political doctrine —- tion and confusion — we will then be on the notions upon the free world for several de­ we have people attempting to “separatism“ road to certain triumph. It follows that this cades. But why, we must ask ourselves, are appear as a hideous crime. The reason should should be a first task and it requires a large some self appointed experts on Russia“ pedd­ be quite obvious. scale education campaign of education in ling the same line and getting one of our lead­ 5. That anyone who attempts to identify the order to destroy the work of the Communists ing national weekly pictorials to carry it? aims of historical Russian Imperialism with carried on in the U.S. during the past 25 years. May I, for a moment, refer to some recent those of Communist Imperialism is automati­ The forces for good represented here this history? First on March 6, 1933, the Central cally Anti-Russian! This has been a central evening are in an excellent position to de­ Committee of the Communist Party of the theme propagated throughout the free world. velop such a badly needed educational cam­ Soviet Union announced the death of Stalin. Yet, when the arch-criminals of the Kremlin paign. A great many of you know from first This was in the form of an impassioned appeal put out their “Unity Call“ right after hand experience what the evil conspiracy is. to unity of the “Soviet people“ under the the announcement of Stalin’s peculiar illness you have suffered under it — you know what Communist party. they emphasized in that appeal their firm must be done to destroy it. To carry out such a task you will need the cooperation of all A few days later, Malenkov. Beria and Mo­ confidence in support of the Great Russians Americans of good will and particularly the lotov gave their orations at Stalin’s funeral. in preserving the multi-national empire of Communism. At the same time they made no free press. This cooperation will be forth­ In the very first part of Malenkov’s oration coming’ because the challenge of our time de­ he refers to Stalin’s solution of the national­ bones about calling the Russians the superior ity problem. people of the U.S.S.R. Here I would like to mands it. make an important distinction. This appeal You are united in the cause of freedom and “In the history of the development of so­ dedicated to the destruction of Russian Com­ ciety and the national question, the greatest was obviously addressed to the Great-Russian munist Imperialism. Your goal is the restor­ theoretician of the national question, Com­ intelligentsia in the U.S.S.R. and throughout the world, as a matter of fact. The Great Rus­ ation of the national independence of all the rade Stalin, secured, for the first time in his­ nations enslaved by Communism. You cannot tory within the frontier of huge multi-nation­ sian people have suffered at the hands of the al state, the liquidation of national strife. Our Russian intelligentsia and it could have no fail in your objectives because everything sacred duty is to strengthen and further the real appeal to them. Therefore we must that is dear to free men hangs in the balance. unity and friendship of the nations of the distinguish the Great-Russian masses from As an inspiration to all of us I can think of Soviet Union and to strengthen the Soviet the intelligentsia and under no circumstances nothing better than the words written in the multinational state and friendship among the confuse the two. We made one terrible mis­ year 397 A.D. by St. Augustine: “The crown peoples of our country. We are not afraid of take on “collective guilt“ following World of victory is promised only to those who any internal or external enemies. Under the War II and we must never make the error engage in the struggle.“ direct leadership of Comrade Stalin, the Soviet army was created and strengthed.“ There you have it. Malenkov’s first concern At the Threshold of an New Year was the nationality problem. This was follow­ ed by fear of internal and external enemies (Continued from Page 1) and a dissertation on the Soviet armed forces. Signs of internal dissension in the U.S.S.R. a peace treaty with Russia. Our peoples, how­ and organizations penetrate more and more became apparant shortly thereafter. First in ever, are not in the least afraid of that supre­ into every sphere of life; our fighters are par­ Ukraine when Melnikov, the Communist macy. As a matter of fact, there is no chance ticularly active among the Red Army and win Party leader was charged with carrying out of the West coming to peacable terms with over new followers continuously. Our fight a policy of intense Russianization in Ukraine. Russia. Among others, there are the strategic for freedom will be continued according to This was followed my similar incidents in reasons why the Kremlin will not withdraw our own methods and our own objectives, Georgia, Byelorussia, Lithuania, Latvia, a single step in Europe and why it will never regardless of the policy of the West. But the Estonia, Turkistan and Armenia where there discrepancy between the Western projects and were drastic changes in the party organiz­ abandon its powerful position. The diplomatic ations. Then there were reports of unrest in activity of the U.S.S.R. will continue in the the aspirations of the subjugated peoples in Poland and strikes in Pilsen and Bohemia, new year to aim at the incorporation of Red- the East will increase even more and the two followed by the rebellion of June 17th in East China into the circle of the Great Powers as anti-bolshevic fronts — that of the free world Berlin which spread to the entire Soviet Zone a legitimate member. Meanwhile, the fight of and that of the enslaved nations-— will diverge of Germany. Shortly afterwards, a new policy the subjugated peoples will go on — without more and more. There is only on foe — the was proclaimed in Hungary and in Rumania. being checked and without any compromise. common one. Yet, unfortunately enough, there The industrialization plan for Hungary was The tragic part of it all is the fact that this is no common view point against it. drastically modified as was the collective fight will still be waged in an isolated manner farm program. These measures seem to point While, on the one hand, such gloomy to a temporary easing of harsh measures, at and ignored by the west. In the eyes of the thoughts are besetting us at the verge of a least in the satellite countries. Finally in late West, the ways of the subjugated peoples will new year, on the other hand, however, we are June, expulsion from the party and the arrest not lead to success. But this fighting on two strengthened by the conviction that, in the of Lavrenti P. Beria, Deputy Premier and different bases is a waste of strength. Every end, truth will win. We will not otherwise es­ Minister of the Interior, boss of the Secret effort of the Western Powers to come to terms cape the catastrophe that bolshevism intend­ Police, the internal and external espionage with the Soviet Union must alienate the sub­ ed to the world. services, the slave labor camps and the atomic jugated peoples from the West and force them We are entering this new year with new energy program. to rely only upon their own strength. And These events point to heavy strains and hopes and new apprehensions. We are deeply stresses in all of the non-Russian nations of more than that: such a policy will combine convinced that the Almighty God will take (he U.S.S.R. and in the satellite countries. We those nations under bolshevic control with the bitter chalice from us, the chalice from hear nothing, however, of any dissension, those still living unfree in the West, so that which the peoples under bolshevic despotism political or otherwise within Muscovy itself. the illusion of two worlds is created —- a free have had to drink for so many years now. We It is in the non-Russian nations of the U.S.S.R. and a oppressed. This, however, is not to be believe firmly that the idea of free men and and in the satellite nations that the unmistak­ taken in the sense of an actually existing bol- able signs of unrest and even rebellion are free nations, the concept, of free and in­ shevic subjugation but rather as a division of dependent democratic states will triumph over apparent. The fear on the part of their Rus­ mankind into the ruling and the ruled. The sian masters must be plain to all but the most totalitarian slavery, and particularly over naive. seeming efforts of the Kremlin to raise the that embodied in the Soviet monster. 4. That anyone who advocates national in­ standard of living of the people under its des­ potism will render the formation of the fronts We trust next year we will proceed towards dependence for Ukraine, Byelorussia, Geor­ this grand target! gia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, North Caucasia, . more difficult. The Western Powers are not Turkistan or the other captive nations is a in the least interested in the fate of our The terrible phantom of the atom weapon separatist! In the language of the World Mar­ peoples but are considering a possible “ East- shall disappear, and peace, freedom, prosper­ xist movement a “separatist“ is a person who Locarno“ which would amount to an ever­ ity, and happiness, shall prevail among free is dedicated to destroying the communist lasting subjugation and slavery. From the Bal­ peoples, free men, and their independent power bloc by assisting the National Inde­ states! pendence Movements in the non-Russian na­ tic to the Black Sea, and, across the Caucasus tions of the U.S.S.R. This is looked upon as and Turkistan to the Pacific, the fronts are Let us fight for equal right for all the the unforgiveable crime because it would re-arranged; the tactics are adapted to the peoples, the great as well as the little ones, bring about the end of Communism as a new conditions; the underground movements and for peace and justice all over the world! Number 1/2 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Page 3

Violent Russification in Hungary An Impending Danger not only for the Hungarian People but also for the Whole Occidental Civilization (An original contribution from Budapest)

“ Russia is inarching on to conquer the world“ — young; the national companies of actors and process of Russification. No matter whether you said Napoleon on St. Helena Island on March 27, dancers and the people’s choirs; — they all are look at the press, radio, literature, theatre, or 1917, worrying about the future of the nations controlled by the Hungarian Soviet Society, organ­ cinema — in every domain of cultural life you and European civilization. izing mass propaganda even in the remotest will perceive the decisive role that seclusion plays “ The century-long struggle of the Slav peoples corners of the country, and by the Ministry of in denationalizing the young and the workers, in for their existence and independence has been Russification, disguised as “ Ministry of People’s deed, in separating the whole people from Western brought to a victorious end“ — said Stalin in a Education“ , with its latest organ, the “ Institute culture. broadcast address to the Russian people on May 9, for People’s Arts“ —- and they all are serving the The power of the press and radio are well- 1945, in Moscow. same one purpose. known. In Hungary, as in every totalitarian state, Nearly one and a half centuries have past since Following the programme of the national cult­ Napoleon made that prophetic statement, and they are completely controlled by the government ural authorities, the companies of actors are not and the ruling party. just eight years since Stalin, that most ruthless allowed to perform any plays other than purely and most successful defender of Russian imperial­ propagandistic products of the contemporary Press, Radio, Literature, Serve Deterioration ism, in pan-Slavonian disguise made his self- stage literature or Russian plays. complaecnt declaration; and now there are few Western newspapers do not get through to Hun- The people’s choirs sing Russian folk and art peoples on the globe which sec as clear as the garia, and listening in foreign broadcasts is sever­ songs, and of the Hungarian folk songs only those Hungarian, and know from experience, the dread­ ely punished. This is a great facilitation for press the traditional texts of which have been altered ful truth of the two statements. and radio in fulfilling their main task, namely, as in corformauce with prescribed Russian pattern, Most of the peoples in the West perceive, even far as news is concerned, to keep the truth off the whereas the dancing groups, beside the gradually to-day, only one face of Soviet imperialism as it Hungarian people. Furthermore, however, it helps repressed Hungarian folk dances, perform more looks out for world dominion: the bolshevic face in pursuing the second objective: to put the Hun­ and more Russian dances entirely unknown and of totalitarian socialism. garian, absolutely secluded from Western cultural strange to the Hungarian in motion and rythm. In Hungary, if nowhere else, encompassed by life, under the spell of Soviet Russian civilization. a belt of Slav states, the other face of the Soviet Gradually, the Hungarian people has been hermetically secluded from the West. And this In no sphere of cultural life the tendency, nightmare reveals its entire dreadfulness — not “ from the cradle to the grave“ , which is so typical less frightening and menacing for the whole again serves, in the first place, cultural political for every totalitarian propaganda and in this case Western World: Russian cultural imperialism, ex­ purposes, apart from all political and military pressing itself in an extremely intolerant and reasons, and is a most efficient means in the (Continued on Page 6) militant form of pan-slavism. There is no place where it has become so clear as in Hungary — at least for the time being and in the non-Slavonian countries under direct Rus­ Another Manoeuvre of Moscow’s sian control — that social and economic aims rank second in that fight waged by all means for (S.) Moscow is afraid of the national liber­ The West must make use of the inner com­ the realization of the Russian plans of world ation movements of the oppressed peoples and plications of Russia and must not pursue the domination. their co-operation with the free world. It is false phantom of a peace that Russia does not afraid of a union of all forces opposing Soviet want at all! Otherwise it will be too late . . . Principle: Annihilation of indigenous culture Russian imperialism and wants to disunite In this struggle between the confronted forces, them by all means. The Kremlin has been President Eisenhower and his Secretary of the armed bandits and the defenceless victim; in stricken with fear of the ratification of the State, Mr. Dulles, gained all our sympathy by this brutal and unequal fight, the first issue is European Defence Community and strains their undeniably firm policy, but they have a now, in Hungary, the Russification of the Hungar­ every effort to frustrate it. France was facing good deal of trouble with the French preju­ ian people with its Western civilization rooting far-reaching decisions but it has been dis­ dices and the Engish readiness for compromiz­ in a thousand year old tradition. couraged by Russia’s insinuations. For the ing. The strictly anti-bolshevic course of the Whatever level of the indenting structure of Russians, the conference of the Big Four in American policy is impressive, yet the ideas Hungarian civilization you may consider, you will Berlin will serve the sole purpose of prevent­ recently suggested by several American Com­ find the same tendency of the. totalitarian Soviet- ing the West from undertaking decisive steps. mittees are erroneous, because they still rest controlled State and Party machinery everywhere: At the Bermuda Conference, the Western on out-dated reactionary concepts and do not to extinct everything Western and Christian in statesmen intended to discuss joint actions, clearly emphazise the principle of the inde­ Hungary’s civilization, as soon as possible. Thereby, perhaps even a policy of liberation, against pendence of all nations. If, however, the Wes­ the Hungarian nation — its thoughts, its views to Russia; but with a side-glance at Moscow the tern, especially the American policy falls in life, its customs and morale, and, in the end, its subject was postponed. France was relieved; with our objectives, the Soviet Russian em­ language —- is to he amalgamated with the Rus­ for it held that Russia wanted peace. But it is pire could be weakened from within (provid­ sian sphere of civilization, however strange to this empire that is threatening the world to­ ed that our underground movements are the Hungarian. day rather than Germany! effectively supported) to such a degree that Over-night, German language disappeared from Germany is only one of the possibly im­ the phantom of atom war would no longer the time tables of the Hungarian schools — the portant factors in fighting Russian expansion. terrify the world as dreadfully as before. In language whidi had served as the primary com­ The free world has to defend itself not against times of total war, technical equipment alone munication between Hungary and the West, as a supposed German imperialism (its renewal will not do. The fight must be waged on a Hungary bordered upon the sphere of German would take a long time, by the way) but spiritual basis, too, the means in that domain civilization immediately. With that (though the­ against the Soviet world danger. German being at least equivalent to those of technical oretically maintained on the curriculum here and armed forces must be made up, no matter warfare. there) the cultivation of the French and the wheather this will be done within the E.D.C. War is more than a mere fight by weapons. English language came to an end, though, during or in the form of a national army. If they It is much more important who is carrying the last time, these languages had also gained a are not brought about as allied forces of the them! This applies especially to our times, top position in the relations between Hungary Western Powers, Russia will soon occupy the the times of arising and renewal of nations; and the West. defenceless Germany and then German di­ the times when no longer single clas.ses or The languages of the great Western civilized visions will serve Russia just as the Polish, castes but rather entire peoples with their nations were replaced by Russian, far exceeding Hungarian, and other forces do to-day. The masses, appear on the stage of the world the position that German had ever held in the sooner the West determines to arm the whole theatre. In modern warfare these facts must curriculum, even in the period of absolutism of the still free Europe, the better. This step be taken into account; obsolete concepts of between 1849 and 1867 when the measures of is inevitable and even Mr. Daladier’s trips to the past have to be thrown over board. We germanization under Austrian influence readied Poland arc no help for it. must never resume them. Moscow has under­ their climax. There is only one alternative; either the stood the tokens of the time and, therefore, Of course, the aspirations for totally remodel­ whole of the West is being armed or the Rus­ has gone to a brutal and ruthless war on two ling the cultural bases of the Hungarian people sian Army will stand on the Atlantic coast. fronts, abusing the idea of national as much did not end with the change of the languages There is no way out. as of social justice. teadied. According to the underlying totalitarian Seriously, we are not sure whether it is not ambitions extinction was extended on the folklore to late already. At any rate, it is 5 minutes We warn the West of a new Muscovite and the tradition of the indigenous Hungarian to 12. If the Western Great Powers continue manoeuvre — the intended conference of the culture as well as on those cultural elements taken to hesitate in organizing an effective defence, Big Four — and admonish the competent over from the West. Russia will turn the situation to advantage. authorities to notice what we say: There is Being aware of her daily growing strength, only one guarantee for bringing a lasting Repression of National Customs she will make use of the delay in the West peace in all the world about, and freeing our The “ Cultural Brigades“ of Russian pattern, and run its nations down. This avalanche will peoples, indeed, all freedom-loving men from organized among the workers; the “ Winter Even­ also sweep over France and then her divis­ fear. This guarantee is the strength of one’s ings of the Free Earth“ which are to bring the ions will not be of great help to her. At that own forces and its best possible armament, people in the country under the influence of de­ time, of course, it will be too late for organiz­ particularly the ideal armament as a vital nationalization; the cultural organizations of the ing German troops. weapon against bolshevism . . . Page 4 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Number 1/2

D. D o nz o iv Tliis attitude is all the more incomprehen­ sible as, in 1917/18, the Russian Empire had already fallen to pieces! And the peoples of this empire should have been supported in Yolentem fata ducunt, nolentem trahunt their fight for liberation or at least not have been hampered from becoming free. The Early in the 18th century the Western fron­ It was all the same during the first World British envoy in Russia in 1917, Lopart, re­ tiers of Russia ran some hundred miles west War. Wickham Steed and Seton Watson par­ ports in his memoirs that during the landing of Moscow. To-day they are the same distance celled the Habsburg-Monarchy and Turkey of the Allies on the White Sea Coast a real east of Paris. What are the reasons for this oiit like a slain prey even before the military panic seized the Soviet Government. The end development? entanglements had begun —- and what they of the bolshevic experiment seemed to be in To push the headquarters of the Russian in­ did in the press others did in politics. It was sight. But some uncertain hand stopped the vasion into the heart of Europe Moscow had argued that both these states were unfit to Murman expedition. In those places as to seize two barriers first; Poland and live ... Suppose there were some truth in it, Ukraine, however, where the Allies support­ Ukraine as the first and Germany and the why, then, did they care so much about the ed the anti-bolslievic cause, they granted Habsburg Monarchy as the second. liberation of the peoples in the Danube Mon­ their aid only to the tsarophil forces which And the West itself was helping the Rus­ archy, or of the Arabs and Jews and not a fought against Ukraine for a united integral sians to gain these two barriers as a basis little for the freedom of Ukraine, Poland, Russia. The principle of nationalities, the from which to conquer Europe. Turkistan, Georgia, the Baltic States and so principle of the liberation of nations, was not on?! Tsarist Russia is ramshackle too! Why to cross the Russian border! Nevertheless it In 1709 Moscow defeated Ukraine which was such race discrimination? Besides — was it was the same Russia that betrayed the West still half independent. The Ukrainian notables wise, from the European point of view, to the first time in 1918 in BrestLitosk with Em­ with the Hetman Philipp Orlyk, successor of tear such big empires as Germany and pre­ peror Wilhelm, the second time in Rapallo, Mazeppa, who fled abroad beseeched all war Austria to pieces and leave the Russian and the third time in Moscow with Hitler’s courts of Europe to assist Ukraine in her des­ monster undivided by their side? Was this not envoys in 1939. perate struggle against the Muscovites — but a direct invitation to Russia to march on tow­ And again the same happened after World invain. There were only few judicious brains ards the West? — War II with Germany that in the last moment, in Europe at the time who were well aware ______(Continued on Page 10) that the Russian victory near Poltava would lead, in the course of time, to Russian rule over the Crimea and the Black Sea coast thus pushing open the door to the Balkan and to New Features iu Soviet Sciences Constantinople and encompassing Poland. But these praiseworthy exceptional figures It was striking that, immediately after Stalin’s ented to an unprecedented extent. This must he preached to deaf ears ... Some ten years later death, the bestowal of the Stalin-prizes, sdieduled considered, of course, in direct connection with the Muscovites stood in Warsaw — Poland, for the 15th of March as every year since 1939, the ordinances issued in autumn 1953 relating to like Ukraine, had ceased to be a free nation. was posjponed without any reasons given. This the raising of the agricultural standard which The West, however, cared about the subjugat­ could only mean that the new despots in the — as even official reports cannot conceal — is ed peoples as little as now-a-days. “Laiser Kremlin wanted to keep the final decision on running down to a dismaying low-water mark. faire“ — was the devise in its policy towards such an important affair within the so-called So­ In comparison, all ideological brandies of the Russia. viet cultural life in hand and intended to give Marxistic-Leninistic sciences remained far in the After the first barrier — with active or tacit the list of the 1800 new Laureates, which was background. Marxist philosophy, Leninistic socio­ consent of the West — was carried, Napo­ certainly drawn up in Stalin’s lifetime, a close logy and historical writing, Stalinistic political leon I tried to compensate the damage, yet examination. As a matter of fact, the changes in sciences and jurisprudence — all these chiefly too late and too irresolutely. While he took the bestowal of the prizes, whidi really took theoretical faculties could not catdi much of com­ Poland into his account he did not do so with place after Beria’s downfall, proved rather irre­ rade Malenkov’s interest and he makes no secret Ukraine. Although only thirty years before levant. The reason may have been, first and fore­ of it. Most of the representatives of these sciences the remains of an autonomous Ukrainian gov­ most, that only part of the prizes were awarded must be satisfied with the far less appreciated ernment had been removed; although the to scientists, the greater part being given to ar­ rank of a “ corresponding member“ of the Aca­ Ukrainian people insisted upon its autonomy; tists and writers (especially of the stage brandi) demy and it is rather striking that not even the although the country was teeming with secret for whom the new government has not decided a highly deserving historians of Russian Literature anti-Russian asociations (to mention only that substantially new course. and Civilization can claim a particularly favoured of the nobleman Marshall Lukashevitch in This supposition has been confirmed by the position. Poltava); Napoleon hesitated to pick up the bye-elections for the Presidency of the Association of Soviet Writers in October. The members of There are exception, to he sure. Yet the circum­ Ukrainian card. Afterwards he rued bitterly, stances of such cases are certainly special. Such as General Colencour, who accompanied the the new chair —- Fadeyev, Tikhonov, Leonov, Po­ levoy, Surkov, Simonov, and Gribachov — are all, a case is the “ prominent expert in the domain of emperor on his flight from Moscow, reports philosophy, cultural history and jurisprudence“ , in his memoirs. In 1815 the West was as en­ save the last, well-known “ supports“ of Soviet authorship, the first four even since the twenties. Prof. P. Yudin who advanced from a correspond­ thusiastic about Tsar Alexander as in 1945 ing to an active member of the Academy. It is about the Red Tsar Stalin. Again the West It might be noticed that Leonov who had faded somewhat into the background since the middle the very same Yudin who — as we can see from would not hear of the fate of those peoples Tito’s memoirs — played a remarkable role at on whose tortured countries ihe Russians of the thirties, and Tikhonov who, as an alleged protector of “Cosmopolitism“ and an “adorer of the Balkan as Zhadanov’s agent even before Tito’s marched on and on to subdue the very same dissension with the Cominform and who held at West that was hailing them. the West“ , had to hear many insults from 1946 to 1948, find themselves completely rehabilitated. later the grand post of a Russian ambassador in the so-called German Democratic Republic. The noted Russian poet Batyushkof who The more important, however, are those changes entered Paris in 1814 with the Russian army Moreover, he has become Russian Ambassador to in the personnel of the Russian so-called Academy as an officer and saw the shouting masses in Red-China meanwhile. The conclusion is at hand of Sciences of the Soviet Union as a result of the the streets was asked by his sergeant, “what that for Yudin’s advancement his sapient treatises bye-election of October 23. The remarkable thing on the “ Theory of the Socialist State and Soviet is the matter with those people — why are is not only the unusually high number of newly they so happy?“ When Batyushkoff replied Democracy“ were far less decisive than his cor­ elected persons (51 active members and about that it was the Russians they were cheering, thrice as many corresponding members) but also responding pratice in the “ countries of People’s this simple but rightly thinking soldier shook Democracies“ . his head and said, “I think, Captain, they are their scientific affiliation. This shows plainly Ma­ lenkov’s resolute intention to grant officially con­ It would he misleading to derive this change to mad!“ siderable precedence to those studies which deal practice throughout the Soviet-Russian sciences That was the beginning of the mental dis­ with scientific problems of particular importance from the personal attitude of the supreme ruler. turbance that has been besetting some poli­ to present government. Certain newspapers in the The practician Stalin who neither in Marxist ideo­ tical circles in Europe in recent times. It has West described these facts even as “ mobilizing logy nor in economics was actually at home, been, again, the beginning of the “peoples- Russian science“ whidi no doubt is a good deal though he likes to show himself off as an all-round liberating“ mission of the Muscovites in the exaggerated in so far as all the Soviet Sciences genius, was succeeded by the mere practician same Western Europe that had been so proud have been going into top gear since the early Malenkov who wants the Soviet scientists to do of its civilization. thirties with the Academy of Sciences Soviet Union nothing hut solve practical tasks. Yet this comp­ The second, if only weak, attempt to halt at the head and twelve further Academies of lies with the general retrograde development of the Russian march towards the West was made Sciences of the diverse Soviet Republics to follow Soviet “civilization“. The “ideological“ canon is in the Crimean War (1853—55). However, in oder to co-operate in theory and practice with taken for concluded and the series of “ patriarchs the banner of the liberation of nations was the Party and the Government. The point of of Marxism“ — Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin — has even now not hoisted; though the first revolt the present case is only a new arrangement of im­ been finally stipulated and it is highly impro­ in Poland (1832) had ended so recently and portance and the corresponding revaluation of the bable that a “ Malenkovism“ will be added. Lenin’s the second (1863) was being prepared; though competent experts. bolshevism which was ideologically hound, yet at a guerilla — war against Russia raged in the This in view, far readiing conclusions can be least fit for discussion, had been replaced by Caucasus; though the December rising of drawn from the results of said elections. Predo­ Stalin’s despotic dogmatism wliidi in turn was 1825 was still alive int he heads of the Ukrain­ minant are on one side the newly elected mem­ succeeded by robotism whidi actually needs no ians. England’s coquetting with the Caucasian bers of the physical-mathematical faculty (parti­ longer any “ ideology“ hut, at the most, emotional insurgents, the Polish and Ukrainian anti- cularly of nuclear physics, hut also diemistry, eruptions of a rude Russian chauvinism. The inner bolshevic leagues in Turkey and Dobruja radio, electrical, hydraulics engineering etc.) — a return to the Muscovite savagery and intellectual (Czaykowski “Sadyk-Paslia“) — was but an well comprehensible fact — and on the other side dullness of the middle-ages becomes more and inadequate commencement . . . those of economics with agriculture being repres- more visible. V. D. Number 1/2 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Page 5

Prof. Dr. Rudolf Wierer Germans, the latter by the Czechs aiming at a feredal state system within the Habsburg Mon­ archy. The opposition had grown already to such The Way o f the Czech a degree that a national settlement was brought about only in Moravia in 1905, but failed in the The political and psychological attitude of the Czech-German contrast gradually came into ap­ the largest territory, in Bohemia, and in the small Czech has often been misinterpreted. This applies pearance and was rendered more and more severe Austrian rest of Silesia, the greatest part of which particularly to the present times when Muscovite not only by the pan-Slavonian ideas on one side had been ceded to Prussia in 1742. communism attempts to swallow the still free half and the all-German aspiration on the other, but In spiritual respect the times after 1848 caused of the European continent. This attitude of ours also by the rise of modern industry. Most of the a prosperous development of our national civil­ will he understood, however, as soon as the initial employers in Bohemia were Germans and ization. Among the noted poets there were Neruda historical development of the Czech is considered. and particularly Cedi who expressed their strong Of course, we will restrict ourselves to modern affection for Russian as the one Slav power. And so history. did the novel writers Jiraseh and Ilolecek. Even In 1620, in the Battle at the White Hill, the sudi more cosmopolite writers as Vrchlicky and Protestant insurgents were defeated by the army Zeyer shared these sympathies, just as the musi­ of the deposed Catholic king, Ferdinand II. This cians Smetana and Dvorak and the painter Mucha. conflict had arisen from the increasing contrast The only exception was the poet Brezina. between the originally Hussite but gradually more During the First World War the revolutionary and more Lutheran majority of the countries of Czech emigrants laid claim to the establishment Bohemia and Moravia, and the Catholic Habsburg of a Czedio-Slovak state and the Czech represent­ sovereign who largely favoured the then weak FREEDOM atives in the Austrian parliament followed later Catholic minority. The conflict was rendered TO on, though they were not quite at ease with it. even more severe by the Bohemian Brothers (akin SLAVES! It was tried to reconcile the historical traditional to Romanic Calvinism) joining the revolution, as principle of political law (union of the countries well as by the absolutistic tendencies of the From of the Bohemian Crown) hitherto defended by sovereign actively furthered by the people of the "Bohemia"; the Czech parties, with the imnciple of nationality Roman-Catholic baroque world. Ferdinand II journal of- and natural right (separation of Slovakia from restored Catholicism in Bohemia and Moravia, Czech the Hungarian Crown) by organizing a democratic expelled all Protestant remnants, consolidated Democratic parliamentarian, though centralistic, Czecho-Slovak Federalists intensively his royal power, and introduced a Republic. partly new peerage of Romanic and South German For the moment, it is true, the riots in the descend to take the place of the emigrated neighbouring nations constituted extremely fav­ majority of the peerage and upper classes in the ourable political conditions for the national exis­ towns. The consolidation of sovereign power was tence of the new state, the very unlogically con­ accompanied by an expansion of the German so the social contrast of Czech labour and German structed “ Czecho-Slovak“ nation, yet in the times language. Although the victors as well as the management came into being. to follow it run into increasing difficulties. The defeated pertained to both, the Czech majority The revolution of 1848 made this contrariness destruction of the great integral customs and and the German minority, the people regarded quite apparent. Now the struggle in the Bohemian economic area of pre-war Austria had very un­ the new regime as an at least predominantly Ger­ territory began and lasted, with some breaks, up fortunate effects especially on industry which man-dyed alien dominion. to 1945. At first, within the Austrian Monarchy, found itself now in a republic of medium size The Protestant emigrant, under the spiritual the issue of the struggle was centralism contra surrounded by the new high walls of customs. leadership of the famous pedagogue Komensky federalism, the first being defended by Sudeten (Continued on Page 6) (Comenius) sued for support in England as well as in France and Sweden and among the magyarian Calvinists, yet their endeavours were frustrated by the Peace Treaty of Osnabrück. Meanwhile the Thirty Years’ War made havoc of Bohemia and The Present Situation in the Baltic States Moravia to such a degree that a new colonization By J. Gytis of the two countries by German immigrants became necessary. The severely afflicted Czechs Moscow’s aims with the Ukrainian Insurgent Army and other with their Protestant forces expelled, suffered The old aims of tsarist Russia have been formu­ undergrounds. badly from the loss of their national independ­ lated by Bernhard Pares: “ In the North, on the It is a valiant struggle, a heroic fight. The distinguished Lithuanian General Peciulionis, the ence so that even the thoroughly Catholic patriotic Baltic coast, Russia’s plea was neither national or Ukrainian General Taras Chuprynha, and many Jesuit Balbin put all his hopes on the Slav world religious. It was firstly economic.“ (Sec: “ Russia, its Past and P r e s e n t by B. Pares. Mentor Books other heroes of the insurgent army perished but in the East. 1949 Edition.) Aditionally, we must say that Rus the national fighting spirit is still alive. The situation being so, the Czech people joined sia’s aims in the Baltic States were military, too the Turkish and French wars of the 17th and The modern aims of the Kremlin have been exact National Claims of the Baltic States 18th centuries merely passively. At the same time ly expressed by the former Consul in Lithuania The peoples of the Baltic States want to he free the Habsburg ruler was forced by the Turkish E. J. Harrison: “ . . . to extirpate Lithuania and as nations and free as individuals so as to live menace, by the French hostility, and by the the other two Baltic nations of Estonia and Latvia in independence and prosperity. The bolshevic beginning rivalry of Prussia, to concentrate his in their entirety and to sweep them o ff the face regime deprived them of their political and cul­ power and to centralize control of the Bohemian, of the earth.“ (See: Lithuania’s Fight for Free­ tural freedom and destroyed their economic pros­ dom, by E. J. Harrison, New York, 1952, 76 pp.) Hungarian, Croatian, and Austrian peoples which perity. Teachers sent from Russia did everything Now, neither tsarist nor bolshevic Russia have all strictly opposed each other. This tendency to in their power to russify the Baltic countries, readied their aims, as the peoples in the Baltic teaching a distorted version of Baltic history. Scien­ centralizing power, accompanied by the ex­ states offer effective resistance. ces, literature, music, arts, theatre, so prosperous pansion of the German language, was not only during the time of Baltic independence, have now resisted by the common people but also by the Resistance in the Baltic States been destroyed and bolshevized. All key positions upper ranks favouring a Czech national renais­ The Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian peoples are in Russian hands. The Russian language do­ sance. The national conscience of the Czechs was initiated armed resistance as the most effective minates at school. Russification is the first aim partly endorsed even by native Germans — such means of self-defence and counter-attack. One of of the regime. as the historians Dobner and Pelzel — who, es­ the Lithuanian partisans described the struggle of The crucial political point in the Baltic affair pecially in the interior of the country, amalgamat­ these movements- in a book. It states that as early has been precisely hit by E. J. Harrison saying: as 1944 scattered guerilla bands were operating “ those three countries are admittedly small and ed with the Czechs. Herder9s ideas and the German in the more wooded areas of Lithuania. Having negligible in area and population. But the prin­ Romanticists’ doctrin of the “ national spirit“ experienced the cruelty of bolshevic tyranny dur­ ciple at stake in their experience is neither small combined with the folk and national tradition ing the first Soviet occupation in 1940/1941 many nor negligible. It is one of the greatest and most inspired the development of modern Czech litera­ men began early to prepare armed resistance. important principles on which the very existence ture which was initiated first and foremost by When the German front began to waver in 1943, of, and relations between the nations depend — Dobrovshy and Jungmann. the Lithuanian resistance center formed a mili­ the principle of the sanctity of human rights and In the first half of the 19th century the modern tary sector which had to provide for arms and of elementary justice and decency. It found its national conscience of the Czech arose, strongly ammunition because it became clear that it would expression in the Charter of the United Nations of be necessary to defend the country with arms which the Soviet Union is a member. It is almost stimulated by the work of the historian Palacky. against the bolshevics. It can be taken for certain inconceivable that such crimes against humanity His humanitarian romantic conception of an that in April 1945 thirty thousand partisan troops as are daily being perpetrated by a leading mem­ original Slav democracy had a lasting effect on were operating throughout Lithuania. This resis­ ber of the United Nations should not only be the times to come. With that the well-known tance is still maintained to-day in co-operation (Concluded on Page 10) Page 6 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Number 1/2

structure which our people has errected through Russification in Hungary centuries, is now breaking down, that the features (Continued from Page 3) of a dear face are fading and will soon have fallen into oblivion, perhaps as soon as at the time of for Russification, is more evident than in liter­ of the Russian sciences themselves were not of our grand-children. Secondly, they see a deadly ature. The fairy tales of Andersen and the bro­ Western origin, too. danger impending over the whole of the occidental thers Grimm, so familiar to millions of children in In the field of political sciences, our previous civilization which will be overthrown by Moscow’s the West, have disappeared from the Hungarian knowledge has been superceded by the totalitarian satellite governments and parties even in the great book market just as the stories of Robinson or system of Russian Soviet state administration. Our Western nations in the interest of the general ad­ Gulliver, Tom Sawyer’s adventures, and all the knowledge in the domain of philology has been re­ mission of the “ alone saving“ Russian civilization stories written by Cooper, Jules Verne, and Karl placed by the primitive hypotheses of Stalin’s pan- May. But that only in the interest of communist Slavonian philology. In genetics, Mendel’s laws had in the same degree as Russia proceeds on his way towards world domination. propaganda. Though the few Hungarian folk fairy to give way to the very dubious Mitchurism. In tales that are still being published, have been philosophy, Hegel’s idealistic dialectics are as We Hungarian came up to our endangered pre­ suitably adapted to “ peoples democratic“ views, eagerly combatted as existentialism, and for the sence through a past full of perilous, critical mo­ dozens of Russian fairy tales are given to the multitude of our Western thoughts, materialistic ments and we know from bitter, historical ex­ Hungarian children, unchanged in their original dialectics with their brutal claim to absolute ex­ perience the frightening fatality of our situation form, to canvass not so much for communist ideo­ clusiveness were substituted as the only solution and, indeed, of the entire Western civilization. The logy but for the understanding of the Russian for “ all problems of our world“ . In theology, the Hungarian nation has endured a Turkish occupa­ soul. materialism of Stalin’s orthodoxy has taken the tion for nearly two centuries; for the Turks only In 1937, about 1000 belle lettre works were place of the Western Christian philosophy on reli­ wanted the power and did not intend to denation­ published, in 1950 there were only 340. In 1937 gion. We can enlarge this list at will. alize the people. Again, all endeavours for Gerinan- more than 300 books were of western origin. In The highly developed Hungarian sculpture and ization going on through centuries were frustrated, 1950, however, one third of the shrunk belle lettre painting with its typically Hungarian exuberance because the Hungarian civilization and the attack­ publications, i. e. about 120 books, were Russian. of forms and colours, strongly influenced by im­ ing, stronger block of German civilization had 90 more new editions were works of communist pressionism and expressionism, was over-night put grown on the same ground — the ground of the writers from other countries behind the Iron Cur­ into the procrustes bed of the new Russian family- Western joint civilization. tain, and of such a low literary level that they picture realism. But now, we and the cultural world of the would never have been translated into Hungarian If there is still somebody in Hungary, who tries whole West are threatened by a way of thinking in former times. to save the sinking education by studying quietly that is entirely alien to all of us. Still the most alarming fact is that, during the in the calm of our libraries and hoping for better If we Hungarian poets, writers, artistics, scien­ period of just five years of communist rule, Hun­ times to come, even he will be frustrated. All tists in the know of our serious responsibility and garian literature as such has been nullified, in the works who might lead somebody thirsty for know­ in the face of the blindness or the treason among true sense of the word. ledge back into times of old in contrast to “ the the literates in the west, make ourselves heard in In 1937, more than 650 new works of Hungar­ spirit of the new era“ have long been removed or the whole of the Western world, we do so before ian writers were edited. In 1950, there were not at least, are kept under vigilant custody. God and our conscience in the strong conviction quite one fifth, namely a total of 130, mostly pri­ that any other issue in the struggle between the mitive propaganda pamphlets embellished by low­ Final Consequences West and Soviet Russia rank second after the ul­ est pseudo-literature. of Bolshevic Cultural Struggle timate and crucial question: The responsible leaders of the present Hungar­ In face of this fatal process of Russifacition, Will the European nations as such, and will the ian “ cultural policy“ make not the least secret of equivalent to a cultural retrograde development, European civilization hold their stand against the the fact that the consequences of that terrible our Hungarian poets, writers, artists, scientists, storm from Russia or will they be swept away for annihilation of Hungarian literature complies ab­ being condemned to silence and inactivity, are ever? solutely with their intentions: to deteriorate Hun­ troubled twofold. garian literature to an incredible low-water mark. First, they realize that the most secure and dur­ Budapest, in the end of November, 1953 The situation in the domain of theatre and ci­ able basis of our national existence, the cultural Homo Hungaricus nema is similar; only Russian plays and films are shown, save merely propagandistic products from Hungary and its neigbouring people’s republics.

The “New44 History The Way of the Czech The most shocking crime in the field of sciences (Continued from Page 5) has been committed to the Hungarian nation by Difficulties emerged also in Slovakia, rising from ed revengefulness. The so-called “ National Front“ depriving her of her own history, of the heroes of her past, and making her the present of a for­ the psychologic and traditional peculiarity of the expelled the Sudeten Germans and Magyars and eign history and foreign “ heroes“ instead. In lieu Slovaks, particularly pronounced in the young banned just the Czech middle and right-wing of St. Stephan, Matthias Corvinus, Franz Rakoczi, intelligentsia. After the slump of 1930, among parties which would have been the best barrier we have now to look up not only to Marx, Engels, other reasons the wide-spread unemployment against communism. How that worked into the and Lenin, and other stars of communism, but caused much discontent among the people in the hands of the Red Tsar in the Kremlin could be also Ivan, Peter I, Suvorov, and all the other first- highly industrialized region of the Sudeten Ger­ seen as early as 1948 when the prognosis of the rank figures of Russia. mans. In 1938 the Third Reich intervened and Professor of sociology, Benes, that “ bolshevism The competent representatives of the Hungarian forced the separation of the territory of the historical sciences arc condemned to silently look is on the way to democracy“ was overthrown. on a diabolic spectacle where the young “ histor­ Sudetic Germans from Czedio-Slovakia in the Moscow, in the disguise of a “ Prague“ govern­ ians“ of the “ new Hungary“ cover the most shining dictated “ agreement“ of Munich. ment, is de-industrializing not only the evacuated pictures of our history, so full of magnanimity, In the republican period, Czech cultural life border regions but also the interior of Bohemia heroism, patriotism, with a smoke and cast our was strongly influenced by the European situation. and Moravia whereas giantic plants for armament nation down into the dark abyss of the history of Preponderant communist influence could be seen and machinery are being erected in East Moravia a barbaric people. The most dishonourable, and in the works of Wolker, Nezval, Hora, whereas and Slovakia. As for civilization, Russian language for any historian truely shameful task was perform­ those of Demi and Zahradnicek rested on a Ca­ is propagated beyond all proportion and our ed by Erik Molnar when he denied our undoubtable Finish-Ugrish descend and deduced it from “ our tholic basis. As communism also influenced the history, so dear to every Czech, is cruelly dis­ blessed ancestress Russia“ instead. novels (Vancura and Olbracht for example), even figured and falsified, especially referring to our The whole issue of this perverted construction such prominent novel writers as the Catholics great national lieros. of history is clearly expressed in the latest slogan Durych and Schulz and the nationalistic naturalist Our connections with the Western and Central of communist Hungary: Capek’Chod could not prevent communism from European world are categorically denied. Instead, “ Every Hungarian patriot likes the Soviet Union“ spreading among the intelligentsia. intimidated opportunists and phantastic semi- As the crowning work of all, the translation of The tragic times subsequent to the Munich civilized people “discovered“ the influence of an the great Russian World History is being prepared, dictate excited the minds of the Czechs. The Czech entirely fictitious “ old materialism“ and con­ which, free from the pressing and restricting burden of real historical knowledge, assigns to all small people felt betrayed by the West. When in the nections with Russia which actually never existed. and big nations of the past and the present with all fateful night of March 14/15, 1939, Hitler car­ Only from a review of this kind we can learn their developments and achievements the humble ried the “protectorate“ over Bohemia and why it is that the Czech people went the way place of planets at the circumference of a new Moravia through, the sympathies for Russia were into slavery, from 1943 resp. 1945 on, so quickly historical system with Russia being the sun. strengthened. Nazi despotism brought the Czechs and so easily, as it seems. Yet we, the deliberately under the regime of radical chauvinists, who ex­ national Czechs and especially we Czech Demo­ Blissful Scientific Achievements pressly provocated Czech opposition. Incited by cratic Federalists, footing on a critical, though What happened to the science of history, was the brutal oppression of sporadic conspiracies, faithful, conception of our history, aim at a free also the fate of all the other sciences in analogous the resistance of the subjugated Czechs condensed national community in a socially balanced and revaluation. Everything was to be freed from the to a fierce hatred against the Germans. just Bohemian state. But we are well aware that, dross of Western civilization; the development of When the Red Army marched in, the outburst- in the interest of small peoples, a union with not all spheres of science had to root in the soul-sav­ ing and alone valid Russian sciences only. ing passion of the masses was instigated as much too differently minded or too powerful neighbours . We can hardly imagine the dreadfully primitive by communists, speculating on the hostility be­ constitutes the best guarantee for national exist­ state the Hungarian sciences with all their branches tween the two peoples, as by Dr. Benes and his ence and peace within a reasonably arranged would have fallen back to, unless the lent goods socialistic pseudo-democratic attendants, in delud- European community. Number 1/2 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Page 7

Niko Nakashidze capitalistic“ : Their former ideologies they have thrown over board without scrotiple. As long as these socialists had to live in Europe and to lead the life of the poor relatives of the Exponents of "Russian Democracy" Second International, they stood decidedly against any intervention of the Western “capitalistic“ Some time ago it became known that a man had mislead anyone anymore as he had no followers. world in inner Russian affairs. In their organ come from the U.S.A. to Europe whose name could Even the well-known politician and democrate, “ Socialisticheski Vycstnik“ that was issued in only draw a pityful smile out of those who knew. P. Milyukov, would have nothing to do with him. Europe (now in New York), they claimed for It was Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky. So he went to the United States. There he re­ years that the Soviet government was a Russian He arranged meetings and press-conferences, appeared on the political stage assisted by some one, consisting of workers and farmers, supported delivered speeches and sought for acknowledge­ American friends who thought him to he the by the will of the Russian people. ment and support as “ leader of the Russians“ 4 quintessence of a leader of Russian democracy. They combatted eagerly the so-called “ interven­ Under the false pretence of fighthing bolshevism Now he is old, in the middle of his seventies, tionists“ among the Russian emigrants. he furthered Russian imperialism as much as he sickly and weak. When speaking, he often loses And more than that. Their representative, Abra­ could. Despite this fact and his extremely ill- the thread of his thoughts and repeats himself. movich, permanent editor of their organ “ Socialis­ famed political past he succeeded, by waving dol­ Yet he is still arrogant and pathetic. He has gone ticheski Vycstnik“ , in the Second International lars, in mustering a small group of opportunists as through the times without learning anything so assailed the Georgian Socialists with the reproach his followers of no moral or political worth what­ that he now indulges in obsolete ideas. of being allies of the Western capitalists and im­ perialists. They had no title, he said, to ask the ever, among them some members of non-Russian Changing with the Wind peoples. capitalistic west to aid in liberating the Georgian people subjugated by Russia. That ivas betraying After some hectic starts it has become very All Russians agree with this view. Among the quiet around Kerensky’s new foundation, the Russian socialists, however, a peculiar change is socialism! And now they themselves have become interven­ C.C.A.G. (Coordination. Center of Anti-Bolshevic to he noticed since they have been living in the tionists and are prepared to join the “ monopol- Campaign) which was supposed to he nothing hut United States, generously supported by their capitalistic“ powers in fighting against the “ gov­ a means to hand the subjugated peoples over for­ American patrons. They and Mr. Kerensky enjoy ernment of workers and farmers44. ever to a thirsting Russia. themselves and all the advantages of that very life they formerly used to describe as “ monopol- (Continued on Page 8) Now we are going to examine this exponent of “ Russian democracy44 closely.

Tlie Great Failure A. F. Kerensky was a lawyer and a member Attention! . •. Spies! of the “ Duma“ (Russian Parliament — Ed.). His reputation as a lawyer was generally bad. In the Two recent events in the United States must ists’ houses. This discovery may help to find the Duma he attracted attention by his talkativeness. stir all minds considering our present world clues to many a mysterious kidnapping and de­ Yet his speeches were always lacking objectiyeness situation: The affair of the atom-spies Rosenberg portation. and only aiming at propaganda and effect in the and of the spying organization of Henry Dexter So, this was “ the most charming Russian in the general public. Therefore he was called “ Krasno- White. West“ as the Americans preferred to call him. bay“ i. e. “fine-boaster44. He used to speak very The bolshevic and Soviet-controlled press howled (He acquired this surname through his comedian theatrically and pathetically. The waves of the and stormed when the Rosenbergs rightly atoned art of feigning). revolution in 1917 swept him into the front ranks. for their capital crime — a clear proof that Mos­ This was the man who was able to manage both At the demand of the raving crowd the liberal gov­ cow’s agent system was cut to the quick. And the an anti-bolshevic and a pro-bolshevic agents’ ernment of the princes Lvov and Milyukov, formed controversy between Truman and Brownell in training school and to forward the names of those after the revolution, had to resign. It was follow­ connection with the unmasking of that traitor to entrusted to him in the first place to Moscow “ for ed by Kerensky’s government consisting only of his country, Dexter White (former deputy minister further disposal“ . socialists and lasting no longer than seven months. of Finance, then Director of the World Currency It was he, for instance, who is responsible for The fact is that it was no stable government, with Fund), made it clear how far communism and the death of those parachutists whose fate stirred its minister chairs tottering on the waves of the its conspirators have succeeded already in pene­ all hearts so violently last summer. After train­ revolution, for everything was in a state of fer­ trating into the key positions of the American ing them on anti-bolshevic lines and sending them mentation at the time. The troops revolted and government. to Ukraine by aeroplane, he announced the time the civil war began. These two cases alone must open the eyes even and place of their descent to the Kremlin, so Kerensky considered it as bis main task to tide of the blind to see the immense danger of the delivering them with unheard of vileness to an over the war times up to the victorious end: tremendous infiltration of Soviet spies into the ignominous execution. “ Woyna do pobednago konza44. He set the so- two hemispheres. I say: the two hemispheres — called Brussilov-offensive of June 1917 into oper­ and I will not fail to prove it. In spite of all, the Stabbing the West in the Back ation, went to the front-line and tried by in­ eternal ordinary man was quite ready to join the Quite apart from the loathing such a procedure flammatory speeches to incite the wavering troops mad race against the McCarthy committee, incited must cause, the perusal of the further context to attack. The offensive failed completely and all through Muskovite channels. Sad to say, he is not reveals facts in the background that must alarm hopes for victory were gone. The soldiers stream­ clear-sighted enough to realize the bearing and the world public extremely. ed back into the country, killed their officers, extent of the bolshevic infiltration. It is the “ case It was the same Georg Müller, who, apart from and destroyed everything in their way. Bolshev­ of Georg Müller“ now being tried in Germany his other obscure occupations, acted as top ism was on the march! that sheds a bright light just on that situation. functionary of the pretended antibolshevic organ­ Kerensky promised the Russians “ Zernlya and isation of Russian emigrants N.T.S. (National Wolya“ i. e. “ Ground and Freedom44 while Lenin Malenkov’s “Antibolshevist44 Master Spy Association of Russian Workers). That work how­ promised them “ Mir and Khlyeb44 i. e. “ Peace and Who teas and who is Georg Müller? ever, brought out as early as in the second World Bread44. War rather queer products: instead of working Up to the year 1948 he was a captain in the By hollow phrases Kerensky tried to win the for the German armed forces which offered the Red Army in diplomatic service under the names Russians over to democracy. Just before the crash, funds, the then leaders of the N.T.S. and hun­ of Khorunzhi and Khersonskiy but suddenly be as a spokesman at a meeting in Moscow, he spoke dreds of their worthy companions forwarded all emerged in Germany as simple, Mr. Müller. His the high-sounding words: “ If it is necessary for information within their reach to Moscow, as craft soon helped him, in anti-bolshcvic disguise, my people, I am prepared to cut my heart out noble pedecessors of Mr. Müller. After the war to play the role of an “ adviser“ to American and and sacrifice it for the people!“ Then some hys­ the latter saw the possibility of further properous German authorities. To raise his credit even more teric women cried: “ No! For heaven’s sake. Ale­ activity in Germany and founded the new N.T.S. he trained agents against the Soviet-Union as xander Fyodorovich, don’t do that, save yourself It was in 1952 that their member V. Poremsky, “ headmaster44 in Bad Homburg. for us!“ — And like a strolling player in Ham­ according to the preliminary judicial inquiries, let’s pose he reached the heroic decision: “ Well, All that was mere camoufflage to conceal the was awkwardly entangled in the spy-case of the I will save myself until my people need me“ ! — true face of Mr. Khorunzhi-Chersonski-Müller “ Yugoslav“ Chirkovitch. What a poor comedian! which, however late, finally came to light. Under Hence there are still people in the N.T.S. who It turned out soon, however, that the Russians a judicial order of the United States Court he are proceeding in the old way. Having betrayed did not need him at all. Soon afterwards a couple was arrested in Frankfurt on September 1, 1953, Germany while using German funds, they now of Leninist sailors drove Kerensky and the whole being suspected of espionage for the Soviets. Some play that very game against the U.S.A. with Constitutional Assembly away. The power was of the nine items of indictment are: Betrayal of American financial support. Feigning true alliance seized by Lenin. Kerensky like a coward fled the Western intelligence organizations; betrayal and strongly anti-bolshevic views they trickle into abroad in woman’s clothes. This was the miser­ of military fortifications, places of research, and the most influential positions and reveal invaluable able end of the statemanly activity of that “ leader air-fields; betrayal of the Radar anti-aircraft of military, economic, and industrial secrets to stab of Russian democracy“ so highly praised now by the West; the state of the Western atomic research, the dagger so much the more certainly into the certain circles in the West. and the development of new weapons; betrayal back of the unsuspecting confidants. In the eyes of nationally minded Russians Ke­ of the produce and technical installations of rensky is a most miserable creature, stigmatized German industrial plants, etc., etc. It has been Georg Müller as “Malenkov’s Deputy46 as continuous failure and grave-digger of bis proved that he cultivated his relations with the people. The Russians gave the word “ Kerensh- military top circles of Western Germany and U.S. All this makes it clear to what a degree Georg china“ = “ ICerenskyada“ to the most disgraceful Ocupation Forces only for the purpose of spying. Müller knew how to throw his net of spies over period of their history. It sounds like a passage from a detective novel all of Western Germany (and most probably much Emigrated, he issued a scanty newspaper and that he had his agents make wax impressions of farther). The legal proceedings being tried at sounded a strong national tune, but he could not the door locks of German politicians’ and scient- (Continued on Page 13) Page 8 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Number 1/2

S. Garip (Ufali) ent democratic states of their own in Idel-Ural, in North-Caucasus, in the Don-district etc. At the time the “ North-Caucasian League“ and the Basli- kartstan Republic was created; and somewhat later Equal Rights For All Peoples the National Assembly in Ufa proclaimed the The following article has been taken from a lenghty treatise of the Idel-Uralian author on Turko-Tartar, Tartar-Bashkir, Chuvash Republic of Idel-Ural and others. These states existed de problems of nationalities. — Ed. facto and some of them were even recognized de jure. Even Red Russia was bound to enter into To consider the claims to independence of the Siberia, Crimea, districts of Ugro-Fins and Cos­ international relationship with some of them. And national liberation-movements in the Union Re­ sacks). These non-Russian peoples — chiefly Turko- it was then that an inter-state treaty between Red publics from the view-point of formal legal posi­ Mohammedans — are the indigenous population of Russia and Bashkartstan was concluded (The direc­ tion according to the Soviet Constitution will not their territories. The Turko-Tartars (i. e. Tartar- tion of the Bashkir government under Prof. Zaki prove an appropriate method. Not only because Bashkirs and Chuvashs) of the Idel-Ural are na­ Validi was socialistic). this method will not lead to the result desired but tional units different in character from Russians It is essential to record that bolshevic Russia also because the existing formal judicial conditions and are furthermore one of the oldest nations in proclaimed the R.S.F.S.R. arbitrarily without ask­ have been forced on the non-Russian peoples by the Eastern European Area. The Tartar states ing the non-Russian peoples — and that at a time imperialistic means after the occupation of their Kasan-khanatc, Astrakhan-khanate, Sibir-khanate, when the latter had already founded states of their territories. The conditions so created are not the and Crimea-khanate, were annexed by tsarist Rus­ own where Red Russia was not yet in possession right basis to explain the claims of our peoples to sia in the course of the 17th and the following of the executive power. Thus Red Imperialism national states of their own as they are not the centuries. North-Caucasus, to-day belonging con­ became obvious. In the years to follow, as well result of the expression of a free legislative will stitutionally to Russia, is also no “ Russia itself“ . known from the history of the origin and develop­ of the subjugated nations. Furthermore, these North-Caucasus is an essential part of all-Caucasus; ment of the U.S.S.R., Red Russia seized these states conditions, forcibly imposed by the ruling nation and there will he no real independence of Georgia, in Idel-Ural, North-Caucasus, Don-district and so under variing interpretations of Marxist ideology, for intance without this territory being liberated. on. On the 18 of April, 1918, bolshevic troops do not grant equal rights to all peoples within the Some of these non-Russian peoples, formally turned the Turko-Tartaric government (milli U.S.S.R., as can he seen from the division of the taken for “ autonomous“ Republics within the idara) of the Idel-Ural and the Parliament in Ufa constituent states into Union Republics and Auto­ R. S.F.S.R. only, are much stronger in number, out of doors. nomous Republics. Hence it follows that not all economy and some other respects than many a The national “ Autonomous S.S.R.s“ within the non-Russian peoples of the U.S.S.R. have the same Union Republic. Take the Tartar-Bashkirs who R.S.F.S.R.( there are twelve of them according to basis for their claims to freedom. Have those have a higher population figure than the Armen­ the Constitution of the U.S.S.R. of 1936 including peoples, which are not represented as Union Re­ ians, Georgians, Azerbaijanians and others. some modifications) were created by decree by the publics in the U.S.S.R. no claim upon expression 2) The formal federal constitution of the R.F. bolshevic central government after the occupation of free will and thus upon national states of their S. F.R. alone is an ample prove for the lack of of Idel-(Volga)Ural, Turkistan, North-Caucasus, own, only because the ' freedom of nations is national homogeneity and the allegation that it and the Crimea, overriding the expression o f free ordinated in the Soviet Union under the ambiguous is not “ Russia itself“ . This federal structure results will and ignoring the desires of these peoples. modalities of formal law? Should the national from the variety of the constituent peoples. Why In my opinion, as I have mentioned above, the independence of those peoples which, according is it that such territories as those of the Tartar- formal legal position of the non-Russian peoples to Soviet constitutional law, have no form of na­ Bashkirs (Idel-Uralians) or North-Caucasians are within the U.S.S.R. is an impossible starting-point tional organization at all, he denied only because only part of the R.S.F.S.R. in the form of “ Auto­ for the justification of the claims of the anti- the existing formal judicial conditions do not nomous Social Soviet Republics“ or even simple bolshevic national liberation-movements. In over­ permit it? administrative districts instead of Union Republics? throwing bolshevism, the decisive role will be It is an undisputable historical fact that bolshev­ This question can he answered only by the state­ played by the political national will of the peoples ism in the form of the Soviet Republic originated ment that Russian imperialism has always tended regardless of their respective formal legal position in Russia proper. To claim, however, that the whole to check the far-off border territories of Turkistan, within the U.S.S.R. Considering national problems, of the R.S.F.S.R. is “ Russia itself“ and consequently Caucasus and Ukraine by a close control .of the we must start from the fact that the Soviet-Union bolshevism has arisen simultaneously from the economically and strategically important regions consists of numerous nationalities and the non- whole territory of the so-called R.S.F.S.R. is a slap such as Idel-Ural, North-Caucasus, Don-district, Russian peoples want to have states of their own. in the face of historical truth and contradicts ob­ Crimea. In the light of their own national objectives the jective facts. And that for the following reasons: 3) Bolshevism did not rise simultaneously all idea of having a community of national states in 1) Besides the ethnographical Russia proper the over the present R.S.F.S.R. hut began in Russia lieu of an aggressive Empire in the East should R.S.F.S.R. comprises also the territories of other, proper. At that time, the non-Russian peoples now appear attractive even to America and the other non-Russian peoples (Idel-Ural, North-Caucasus, belonging to the R.S.F.S.R. had founded independ- Powers. If the democratic principle, “ free self- determination in home and foreign policy“ , ist not to be applied to all peoples, at least the economic- political aspect should be taken into consideration by the Americans. “Rus§ian Democracy“ Besides, democratic and national ideas do not (Continued from Page 7) appear contradictory to us. The struggle for the political freedom of the citizen falls in with the And the hopes that some Western circles hold rensky and Abramovich who are no longer known struggle for national freedom, and national rights out for Russian democracy — are they justified? even by name in the Russian people. coincide with the individual right of man. Hence They will soon he disposed of. Discontent with the government cannot obliter­ the political opinion follows that national self- Democracy and democratic liberties have been ate the Russian fellings of the people. determination and free democratic organization and remain hollow phrases for the Russians. Bol­ 1st must not be forgotten that the modern Rus­ of the state are natural corresponding consequences shevism and Soviet regime are* purely Russian sian is no longer the illiterate of tsarist times. of one political principle. If nation is the leading products. He is now able to perceive and realize how mat­ principle for state organization it should lead to When the Russian Tsar Alexander II abolished ters really are. democracy, while democracy in its turn requires serfdom (he was paid for it by being murdered), His national consciousness is not only emotion­ an national state, necessarily and naturally. All he addressed his people in a manifesto in the al but based on a clear political mind. He cannot peoples should develop into national states and following words: “ Cross yourself, orthodox Rus­ be won over by democratic slogans. the world would simultaneously develop into a sian people, and pray God for his blessing on He likes his bolshevic masters, who are his peacable community of nations. your free work . . . “ And what did the Russians country-men, better than any American, English, Under this aspect the principle “ National in­ do? They did not cross themselves but hit, smash­ French, or other, liberator who might invade the dependence — conditio sine qua non“ should no ed, destroyed everything, re-entered slavery vo­ country. longer he a stumbling block for the co-operation luntarily, established the most dreadful hangman’s He knows from experience what it means to of the “American Committee“ and the national regime of all times, subdued other peoples, made have one’s liberator sitting on one’s ground; for organizations which stick to these democratic millions of men collective animals, and deprived Soviet soldiers are playing that role in many principles. Unfortunately, democratic principles everyone of his human dignity and freedom! countries and know how “ happy“ men are there were not considered when the “ American Com­ These arc historical facts which can not be and how much the occupying liberators are “ be­ mittee“ created the “ Co-ordination Center“ . For shaken. The Soviet Empire is a creation of the loved“ . the regulation of the national problems only the Russian people, it is the empire of Russiandom. Even the Russia of the day is his Russia and he bare “ principle of majority“ , i. e. only the “ mo­ In case a contest should occur, the Russians will fight for it desperately. mentum of quantity“ of democracy was applied. will fight for their empire and country as did the In a contest to come, the only allies of the free That means, in a state of nationalities like the English, French, and others, for their colonial world will he our subjugated nations in the East. Soviet Union, open subordination of a low-number­ empire. They will be fighting against the hated Russian ed people under the will of a high-numbered ruling Nobody must imagine that the Russians fought despotism. The West must see that and must have nation. That means furthermore, suppression of so desperately in the last war because their enemy concrete ideas when waging the fight. pronunciations of the free will of the weaker was Germany and its nazi-regime. They just fought These peoples are a decisive power in the rear peoples. We have noticed this shortcoming also in for their country and Russiandom. They will do of the enemy and will he the tongue on the ba­ the articles of the “ Co-ordination Center“ granting so in future. lance in this contest. five votes to the anti-bolshevic Russian emigrants To-day the Soviet government is a mere Russian For the West the leading idea in this fight must and only a single vote to each particular non-Rus­ government, its leaders are Russians. They know he to recognize unconditionally the national rights sian representation. This regulation, promoted by even better than the stranger Djugashvili-Stalin of all peoples oppressed by Russia for independ­ the “American Committee“, constituted an antici­ how to fill their people with enthusiasm and to ent states of their own. Only then can their con­ pating decision with reference to the “ joint-parlia­ appeal to its Russian feeling; not to speak of Ke- fidence be gained. ment“ of the “ integral Russian empire“ . Was this Number 1/2 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Page 9

Prof. Dr. Vasyl Oreletsky T H E TREATY OF PEREYASLAV Concluded Between Russia and Ukraine in 1654

The Central Committee of the Communist Party since its text in Russian version Avas forced on the contcnd themselves Avith studying one or tAVO of the Soviet Union, The Minister Council, and Ukrainian and the Avhole civilized Avorld, its documents which refer to Pereyaslav, Avith con­ the Presidency of the Supreme Council of the juridical examination is extremely difficult. There sulting one or tAVO experts of international laAV, U.S.S.R. in Moscow, recently announced a large- is no treaty Avhere the opinions of the historians and then draAV some conclusions on the juridical scale festival on the occasion of the 300th anni­ and, first and foremost, of the laAvyers diverge as character of that agreement. With the Russian ex­ versary of the Ukrainian-Russian Treaty of Pere- much as in the case of the treaty of Pereyaslav. perts, political considerations are also Avell regard­ yaslav. On the 18th (6th) of January, and all As a matter of fact, the Russian experts (Avith ed. At first, the mud of Russian misrepresenta­ other days of the month, this event is to he only a feAv exceptions) as Avell the Ukrainian, tions and falsifications must be rinsed off the celebrated officially in order to manifest the hold the same vieAv: that it has been not a one­ authentic material of the treaty of Pereyaslav; “ great friendship and concord“ between the two sided national, but a bilateral international treaty only from authorities so cleaned, the judicial contractors — the Russians and the Ukrainians. concluded betAveen tAVO independent stales. It is character of the treaty may be judged. And that, You will see from the following concise article only the jorm of the international alliance un­ in the first place, is a matter of history. Yet, be­ whether the Treaty of Pereyaslav has resulted in der this treaty the scientists do not agree upon. fore I enter into discussing the juridical questions a great friendship between the two peoples, or Some of them are of opinion that the treaty of of the treaty, I Avill give a concise survieAV on its rather the contrary. Pereyaslav has constituted a personal union (Ser- contents, using, though misrepresented, the As we all know, the Ukrainian-Polish War had giyevich, Lypynsky) Avhcreas others held that authorities at my disposal. According to these lasted for nearly six years when the head of the Ukraine and Russia entered into a real union ( Po­ authorities the Ukrainian Cossack State remains Ukrainian state, Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytzhy, pov., Diakonov). A large group of scientists be­ depending on the MuscoAvite Tsar (though there determined to search for a new ally against Poland. He had to find some neighbour of Ukraine and he chose the Muskovite state in the north. Early in 1654, the Ukrainian and Russian re­ presentatives met in Pereyaslav, a place in Ukraine, in order to conclude a treaty between the two states. On the 7th and 8th of January in that year (old style), joint conferences were held by the delegations to settle the terms of the treaty. On January 8, the Russians asked the Ukrainian delgates to support the oral agree­ ments by oath, hut the Ukrainians replied that the Tsar should swear first. The Muscovite re­ presentatives, however, denied to swear in the name of the Tsar claiming that never before in history the Russian Tsar had taken his oath to international agreements. Thus only the Ukrainian contractors did so. The agreements made were to be put in writing two months later in Moscow. Hence the treaty of Pereyaslav was settled only orally and that is the tragic point for Ukraine. The terms of the Ukrainian-Russian agreement of Pereyaslav, put in writing in Moscow in March 1654, were deliberately changed by the Russians in their favour largly injuring the Ukrainian contractor. The were fixed in 23 articles known as the Articles of Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytzky. The Ukrainian delegates, however, denied to accept those falsified terms; hence it happened that nobody knew about them in Ukraine up to the death of the great Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytzky (1657). When, however, the Ukrainians heard of the existence of those articles they called them only the “ Muscovite Articles“ . In the course of the following century the Russians changed and falsified the terms with every election of a new A series of illegal magazines and pamphlets published underground in Ukraine and distributed by the liber­ Hetman so that, in the end, the treaty became a ation-fighters (a last year’s display you Avill find in “A.B.N.-Corrcspondencc“ No. 7/8, 1953). mere farce and the Ukrainian Cossack state could be incorporated in the tsarist Empire as a mere lieve that Ukraine had come under Russian su­ are some avIi o claim: but not on the Muscovite Russian province. premacy as a tributary state (Korkunov, Sokolsky, Empire). Under the terms oj the treaty of Pere­ Since the Ukrainian-Russian agreement of Pere­ Pokrovsky, Slabchenko, Hrushevsky, Okinshevich, yaslav the Ukrainian state “ ivill keep its old pri­ yaslav has been an oral treaty (the Russians found Yushkov, and, in the beginning, Miakotin too). vileges and r i g h t s Ukraine reserves the right to it so much the easier, in the course of a hundred Prof. Yakovliv claims that in Pereyaslav a protec­ herself to entertain diplomatic relations with for­ years, to change its term by craft and force) and torate Avas founded Avhereas lector Halaychuk eign states; only those to Turkey and Poland are, considered it as a quasi-protectorate exercised by to a certain extent, subject to Russian control. Russia over Ukraine. Nolde and Rosenfeld think The Ukrainian state is headed by a Hetman, elect­ decision democratic? Moreover, the question arises that Ukraine has been united Avith Russia as an ed for life time. Ukrainian jurisdiction remains why the “ American Committee6 resents the partici­ autonomous unit, Sokolsky holds that Ukraine has free and independent of the Muscovite Empire. pation of all political directions within a national been annexed to Russia as a state-like organism. In article 7 of the treaty Avritten down in M o s ­ emigration group? Why did the “ American Com­ Lashchenko and Lypynsky deny any permanent coav in 1654, the Muscovite government binds it­ mittee“ think it right to support a group of persons alliance Avhatever betAveen Ukraine and M o s c o a v self to never intervening in internal affairs of the who object, for private or political reasons, to the and speak of a loose alliance only. Three Russian Ukrainian state. The articles 2, 3, 4, and 7, guaran­ creation of a united anti-bolshevic front of all experts (Aleksyeyev, Ordinets, later Miakotin) tee the Ukrainian estates, the cossacks, the nobles, nations on a truely democratic basis? Does the well- consider it an incorporation of Ukraine in Russia. and the commons, their traditional privileges and known form of the “ Co-ordination Center“ comply Hence Ave see that the opinions of the Ukrain­ rights. In further articles the strength of the with American interests? And finally — does the ian and Russian experts regarding the internation­ Ukrainian Cossack Army is fixed at 60,000 and free “ American Committee“ Avant to deal with all the al or national character of the Treaty of Pereyas­ and independent elections of the Hetman are emigrants of the particular nations or only Avith guaranteed. The rights and privileges of the lav, diverge largely. H oav can that be? As mention­ special groups or figures? Should the “ American Ukrainian clergy is also guaranteed in those artic­ Committee“ or the U.S.A., intend to enter into ed above, the Russians modified the terms of the les. The articles 19 and 20 deal Avith the station­ relationsship Avith those peoples in future it must treaty of Pereyaslav several times arbitrarily. ing of Muscovite troops in the environs of Smo­ strive to consolidate the anti-bolshevic forces of Additionally, the fact must be taken into account lensk and with the supply of the Muscovite forces the individual national groups of emigrants, and that many an expert, in ignorance of the positive garrisoning places along the frontiers. Article 23 that on a democratic basis, instead of disintegrat­ inernational laAV, made the fundamental mistake refers to the maintenance of the Ukrainian strong­ ing them by supporting individuals or one particular of judging the facts from a psychologic vieAV point. hold of Kodak. party. In the “ American Committee , we Avant to Still, psychology is no basis for positive inter­ It must be noticed that Russian representatives perceive that spirit of American ideology Avhich national laAV Avhich is alone decisive for the rela­ came to Ukraine to administer the oath on the President WoodroAv Wilson formulated in his tions betAveen the particular states. Furthermore, Ukrainian population; the success was only frag­ adress to the Congress on April 8, 1913: the historians and laAvyers are too one-sided and mentary. The appointment of several Muscovite “ We must do aivay with everything that looks fragmentary in dealing Avith the very complicated Yoyevods to Ukrainian tOAvns met with effective like a privilege/“ problems of the Pereyaslav agreements. They (Continued on Page 14) Page 10 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Number 1/2

Situation in the Baltics Open Letter To The “Red Dean” (Continued from Page 5) tolerated but almost completely ignored by U. N. We are glad to publish here an Open Letter by the wellknown member of the The pertinent question then may well be put: Are Scottish League of European Freedom and chairman of the Scottish Polish Society, these principles constituting the very foundation John J. Campbell, to Very Rev. Hewlett Johnson, Dean of Canterbury. — Ed. of the great Charter destined for ever to remain a dead letter?“ “ Castle Chambers Answer Religion and Civilization in the Baltic States 55 West Regent Street Glasgow. from Very Rev. Heivlett Johnson “ Religion is opium for the people“ — the well- C. 2. Dean of Canterbury known slogan of Marx has remained the motto 9th November 1953. “The Deanery, Canterbury for the bolshevic anti-religious activity in the Baltic States. Therefore, it is not at all surprising Very Rev. Heivlett Johnson, M.A., R.Sc., D.D. Nov. 20th 1953 that the speediest extirpation of religion — i. e. Dean of Canterbury With the Compliments of Catholic Church in Lithuania and Protestant The Deanery Dr. Hewlett Johnson Church in Estonia and Latvia — is the cherished Canterbury. Dean of Canterbury. aim of the red invaders. The new tactics of the bolshevics arc to murder This is to acknowledge the receipt of your letter. Very Rev. and Dear Sir, or deport the leading clergy of Lithuania, Latvia, My speeches and writings must he my answer; a and Estonia. There were ten bishops in Lithuania Your forthcoming visit to Glasgow, rightly separate reply to all correspondence is obviously but only Bishop Paltarokas and the red “ Cardinal“ heralded as an outstanding event for the Scottisb- impossible.“ Russian Demonstration in St. Andrew’s Halls on Stankevicius remained. In 1940 more than 1600 Monday evening next, provides a welcome oppor­ Catholic priests were officiating in Lithuanian tunity for you to clarify publicly a situation Comment parishes. To-day there are fewer than 300. All which, in the hearts of many God-fearing citizens, by John F. Stewart, Chairman of Scottish League others have been murdered or deported into Soviet slave labour camps or prison. tends to create confusion and dismay. for European Freedom While there are few who doubt your sincerity “ The persecution of the Church began from the and devotion to the cause of Communism, yet “ No man can serve two masters.“ That, is the first days of the Soviet occupation of Estonia. As many regard its Marxist doctrines as inimical to professed faith of the Church of England, of which previously mentioned, the instruction of religion and destructive of Christian teachings. In con­ the Dean of Canterbury is an official who, ap­ was prohibited in the schools, publication of re­ sequence, many wonder how it can be possible, parently, cannot be got rid of. As will be seen ligious books and periodicals, as well as religious simultaneously, to serve loyally two such dia­ from his correspondence ivith Mr. John J. broadcasts, was banned, religious youth organ­ metrically opposed Masters as Karl Marx and Jesus Campbell, a distinguished Glasgow laivyer, ization including the Y.M.C.A. and Y.W.C.A. clos­ Christ. and the fact that, in the Dean’s Address in Glas- ed, the theological faculty abolished.“ (See At the outset, it must be understood that love gow, he never once even mentioned the name of “ Estonia“ . By W. Raud, The Nordic Press, Inc. for the Russian people is not the monopoly of his Church’s Master, he serves Communism to the New York, 1953, p. 139.) any section or Society in Britain. For the true best of his ability. This so-called “ Communism“ Baltic priests exiled to Siberia are frequently Christian — the Russians and all peoples who has been the cause of massacre, starvation and beaten without mercy and sent to do the hardest come under their domination, being members of misery to millions since it teas established in Mos­ work. the Mystical Body of Christ, have a claim on his cow, and it is tragic that any civilised person, In cultural life the bolshevization of the Baltic prayers and his charity. Thus it is that, through­ let alone a Church dignitary, should have a word region has wrought even greater havoc than in out the world to-day, prayers ascend daily, not in its favour. In the sense of the word when it any other sphere of human activity. only for all Christians suffering persecution and was a fine, but impractible ideal a hundred years The Baltic languages (“ their three languages for the liberation of their countries, but also for ago, it does not exist anyivhere now, and least differ as widely from those neighbouring tongues, the salvation of Russia’s rulers and that God will of all in the Russia the Dean admires. There from Russian and German, as for instance English make every Communist a Saint. It is not without never was any true Communism in Russia, but differs from Greek“ , E. J. Harrison) have been interest to record that, while Marshal Stalin was Lenin cunningly realised the appeal the word misrepresented by Stalin’s methods of philology. in his last agnoy, prayers were being offered up would have to the unthinking millions in the Press, literature, theatre, music, radio, and fine in an English Monastery supplicating the mercy world, and used the name as a cloak for what is arts have been harnessed for communist propa­ of God for the happy repose of his soul — the now, quite nakedly, Russian Imperialism. And ganda. Old Lithuanian Catholic writers such as end for which he and all of us have been created. that is what the Dean and those who think with Father Strazdelis, Bishop Baranauskas, Father The enclosed re-prints may also be of interest. him are helping to propagate throughout the Maironis, have been bolshevized, the new Catholic As a servant of the Lord — dedicated to preach world. authors have been forced to write in communist and, on every possible occasion, to spread His While it is possible to assess the value of the ideology. The talented lyrist Antanas Miskitiis was gospel, it is natural to ask what kind of reception intellects of most of Communism’s victims, it is murdered because lie declined to write bolshevic is given by the Communists to you in the fulfil­ difficult and very puzzling to ascertain the real poems. ment of your holy vocation among them. Do they reason for the actions of one of the Dean’s in­ Through bolshevization and Russification the resent the gospel? Are they impatient with the tellectual attainments, apart from his being pro­ standard in the elementary and secondary schools words of scripture — “Seek ye first the Kingdom fessedly a member of any Christian Church. has been considerably lowered. The Soviet Con­ of God and His justice and all other things shall Mr. Campbell’s action is of the greatest import­ stitution and the “ New West-European History“ be added unto you“ ? Do they remain unconvinced ance in exposing what is appartenly Dean Heivlett as the new gospel have been introduced as obli­ when you admonish them — as no doubt you do — Johnson’s fundamental belief. How can he noiv gatory subjects. There is no culture anymore in to seek that peace which surpasseth all under­ continue to hold office, or how can the Church the Baltic States to-day. These states have been standing? of England retain him! His true home is in the enslaved and culture has been replaced by bol­ Your visit to Glasgow may well he one of vital Moscow Kremlin. shevik propaganda, lies and wretchedness. importance, not only for your own life’s mission as a servant of God but also for the Salvation of many souls caught up inextricably in the doubts Volentem fata ducunt... and fears besetting this generation. (Continued from Page 4) salvation for them. For (his tragic “too late“ The problem of peace — the Christian main­ though in vain, intended to join the West in they were later on divided up themselves by tains — will be solved if men will turn their marching against the East. It was divided and Russia. After the second world conflagration hearts and minds to God and humbly seek His maimed like Japane and China — but not the Western Powers would not hear of either guidance to do His Holy Will. The Communists Russia! Russia was cheered on again! How a division of Russian Empire or of a liberation claim to have another solution which rejects the right he was, this sergeant of captain Batyush- of those peoples enslaved by her. They indul­ idea of Divine help. kof . . . ged in the illusion of their own security! . . . In this deadlock — on the path to Eternity — Now I hear the argument, “But Russia was And what an illusion! Moscow has begun al­ surely nothing is to be gained by mincing words. an ally!“ Well, so was China! Nevertheless ready to realize the further items of her pro­ Either the Christian is right or he is wrong. If the West cut wide areas out of the living or­ gram: the annihilation of the British, French, the Communists are right then the claim of Jesus ganism of this ally to make it a present to the colonial empires by replacing the Europeans Christ to he the Way, the Truth and the Life is beloved Moscow. But even now that Russia by indigenous communists. The underground false and without foundation. Your address to has turned into an enemy, all those peoples activities in Egypt, India, South-Africa, Tu- the citizens of Glasgow should, I suggest, leave which have been enslaved by Russian despot­ nesia, Algeria, Cuba etc. provide ample no one in doubt. ism and fight for the cause of freedom are proofs. To-morrow Moscow will begin to ad­ The support by you of the Christian approach knocking in vain at the closed doors of the vocate the cause of those peoples oppressed to peace — a path still to be explored by our West, while Russian divisions stand along the by England, France, i. e. for the “ liberation“ Communist brothers — would find me at your River Elbe and almost before the doors of of the Scotsh, the Welsh, the Bretons, Pro­ side. But if you arc not prepared to apply Christ’s Constantinople. Was Douglas Reed perhaps vencals, Pennsylvanians, Alaskans and the principles to the problem of peace, would you right who claims in his book “From Smock to negroes int he U.S.A. Everyone not prepared defend your point of view on a public platform? Smother“ that behind the scenes of many a to divide Russian Empire will be divided up Copies of this letter and your reply will be political group in the West secret powers are himself! handed to the press. setting about to hand over our western civil­ And history will cruelly avenge the ignoring I am, Very Rev. Sir, ization to the barbarous Russia? of the fight for liberation of our peoples on It was too late in the first World War those blind politicians who are responsible Yours very truly when it occurred to the Central Powers that for it. Yet, they will only reap that which they (Sgd.) JOHN J. CAMPBELL.“ the mutilating of Russian Empire might mean have sown. Number 1/2 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Page 11

The National Tendencies in the U.S.S.R (I) tional hut first and foremost universal-Moham- medan, despite the factual rulership of the Turkish Ottoman race. Indeed, an attempt was made in 16th century to introduce Arabian as the official The Moots of Soviet Russian Communism language throughout the sultanate! Though this By Prof V. Dcrzhavyn attempt failed, yet it gives evidence of how pan- . Islamic ideas and cultural tendencies were pre­ dominant over the Turkish national life proper, in It is easy to describe the national-political and policy of Soviet Russian bolshevism lias been able the upper Turkish classes at the time. As long as national-cultural conditions, tensions, and struggles tho shake its esteem materially. How dare we the Turkish state remained an empire oppressing within the Soviet Union, but it is hard to find out doubt its national character? more than half a dozen more or less compact their roots. It is well comprehensible that the But now we claim that not evry state is necess­ peoples, the civilization of the Turkish people national vital interests —- in a political as well as arily a national state, and not every national had no chance of developing into a national cultural respect —■ of all non-Russian peoples state has necessarily a national civilization. civilization! forcibly incorporated in the U.S.S.R. are absolutely Certainly, the United Slates of America arc a Now, the Russian Empire still exists; which contrary to any russifying actions of “ coordina­ national state and the modern Americans form a features of its “ imperial“ civilization should he tion“ ; and this was the case even in pre-revolu­ nation of their own; nevertheless, what is known taken for national Russian? The answer seems to tionary Russia, with only a few exceptions. These as “American civilization“ is actually nothing he easy: The Russian language; that is, of course, exceptions were those peoples which were too hut a local modification of the Anglo-Saxon, just the language of Russian literature, which plays a weak for independent existence; or those which as the Austrian is of the German civilization. It calamitous role as one of the most effective means would have been treated under any alien dominion may he doubted whether or not an Austrian nation of russification. Unity of language, to he sure, is just as bad as under the Tsarist-Russian, or exists. In fact, prior to 1918, that is in the very an essential factor for the development of national those to which the Russian Government had times when the Gerinan-Austrians were the ruling civilization, yet it is not decisive. The Norvegians, granted privileges in order to play them off people, or one of the two ruling peoples, in the for example, are still wavering between two official against their own kinship such as the Bashkirs Danube Monarchy, it did certainly not exist — a “ national languages“ (Rijksmaal and Landsmaal) against the Volga-Tartars or the Mosaic Kraims fact which could not lie changed by the policy of although the Norvcgian nation and Norvegian on the Crimea against the Jews. The Finns also Gerinanization temporarily practiced by the Habs- civilization has existed since the early Middle Ages. enjoyed a far-reaching autonomy during the lmrgs. The Russian literary language was largely incom­ 19th century as the Russians wanted to prevent Really,' in the case of those peoples which prehensible for uneducated Russians prior to the them from joining Sweden. In general, how­ founded and continuously ruled over empires the Revolution; since then it has spread very quickly ever, Russian policy in national and cultural problem of their national civilizations has mostly even in the country, to the damage of the Russian affairs towards all peoples depending on Moscow been rather complicated and abnormal. There is dialects. The Russian people assumed it as passively or Petersburg has always been very hostile and no doubt a Turkish national civilization —- hut as many another thing: c. g. Christendom, taken has always aimed not at eventually penetrating since when? Only since the Turkish intellectuals over from the old Ukrainian Kyiv (including the but at completely extirpating them and their had begun to cherish the civilization of their own Ukrainian-dyed old Slavonian, that is, old Bulgar­ civilizations. The problem of this “ desire for people ■— not without some influence exerted by ian Church-language and its corresponding litera­ genocide“ , peculiar to the Russians from times of the Western European Romanticists — that is ture); or the Muscovite grand-dneal administra­ old, can not be settles by well-meaning but rather about the middle of the last century. The civiliza­ tion organized according to the model of the Golden naive allegations of the moral depravity of the tion of the old sultanate, however, was not na­ (Continued on Page 12) Russian national character, not to speak of the fact that such complaints of the “ evil“ in the Russian soul are not gladly believed in the West. The man in the West is a downright rationalist and will answer any such complaint by the question: Siberian Separatism “ If the Russians are really so had — the there must be a reason!“ The reason lies no doubt After the remnants of Admiral Kolchak’s Rus­ testify that at the time of the First World War in that peculiar development of national Russian sian White Army had been swept away and the no meat imports from the Continent or from San civilization which makes every normal national- whole of Siberia seemed to be quiet, a new Francisco to Sakhalin were necessary. Many herds minded Russian a fanatic chauvinist and that to insurrection broke out in Western Siberia in 1921, of cattle were grazing in the valleys and on the an extent the man in the West cannot even dream unexpected and planless, but exceeding all operat­ meadows on the mountainside. When being dried, of. Thus it is that he usually tends to doubt our ions of Yudenich, Denikin, Kolchak, in strength the succulent Siberian leek was a sufficient fod­ testimonies on the formidable consequences of and efficiency; this, at least, was Lenin’s judge­ der supply for the winter. Japane procured great Russian chauvinism or even to extenuate these ment on the revolt. Without entering into details, quantitives of agricultural products from the consequences. we draw the reader’s attention to the fact that, Southern part of Sakhalin, which belonged to her. since this insurrection was choked, the Soviet But now meat is running short there and, no The question of the abnormal peculiarity of government in Moscow has not dared up to the doubt, not only there, otherwise the course of what is called Russian national civilization can present to introduce restrictions of Civil Rights two refrigerating ships would not have been neither be evaded nor can it be considered from and to exert terrorism in Siberia to an extent mentioned in organs of the central press. a purely theoretical point of view. As long as it similar to that in the European territories of the The population, forcibly deported to Sakhalin, remains unsettled we are well able to describe the U.S.S.RV The population of Siberia, for example, thinks of nothing hut returning home. Nothing people-killing policy of the Russian empire to is not bound to contribute to the public loan. The can overcome this unappeasable desire. Those the West in full details and, at the best, to endorse conditions of labour are much better there. The people — and they are predominant in Siberia — it by documents, yet we are unable to give the obligatory quotas for agricultural products have can not but hate Moscow. underlying reasons. And then the Russians and been considerably modified. Hunting and fishing Thinking of Lenin’s words “ controlling Siberia their Western patrons can always say the matter is not controlled. There has always been a well- means controlling Asia“ , Moscow docs everything is a mere consequence of a tsarist, or bolshcvic, off peasantry. In 1942 in Rostov, I had a talk with to keep Siberia in its power and to gain the or any other sort of regime that ultimately can be a prominent Siberian official. He said: “ We re­ sympathy of its population. But nature remains completely altered so that our struggle for na­ moved all formerly wealthy peasants to Siberia unexorable and creates separatists regardless of tional independence has no more reason in the after there property had been confiscated. In the momentary state of mind of the population. end. The Scottish people, as we know, fought the Siberia however they came into wealth again and After the revolt in Western Siberia mentioned English conquerors for a thousand years, but finally we had got rid of them here“ (in the Don-district). above, Marshall Bliicher’s list of conspirators was put up with a union with the English in a common Siberia has its own law and its own customs. discovered; that man, who wanted to separate the British Nation with equal rights and on entirely As little as the tsarist government cared about Far East from Moscow. This was prevented chiefly new political premises — to the benefit of both, Siberia as much aims the Soviet government at by the Japanese who disliked an independent •as it seems! gaining the Siberian’s sympathy and binding them Siberia for several reasons. There is no apparent Replying, we must say that the Russian attitude to Moscow. The Siberian territory is being in­ separatism in Siberia to-day; but nobody knows towards any non-Russian national civilization can dustrialized in all speed; plants are being built, what goes on in the taciturn soul of a half-Asian only be purely destructive, and that for the the creation of a huge “ Siberian Lake“ (of about Siberian. There is no reason to believe that Siberia weighty reason that the Russians themselves have 100,000 sq.mi.) has been planned, the Ural-Kuz- has been thoroughly russified and her spirit has no national civilization created by their own netsk Combinatc is being enlarged, a bridge across been benumbed in the Soviet Union’s embrace. people. the Tartaric straits and bases in the North of It might be of some interest to quote a passage At first, this explanation will sound strange. Is Siberia with strategically important railway con­ from the book “ Siberia“ by Oswin Cornelius there not a Soviet Russian empire practicing a nection shall be built. Not all the projects are P feiffer, edited by the Safari-Verlag. It runs: “ We rude policy of russification towards all non-Rus­ practivable yet they are of psychologic weight: are living in a world of strained relations. Wher­ sian peoples within its domain; is there not a Moscow can claim more easily that it would care ever you look, the old ground is breaking with Russian Socialistic Federal Soviet Republic within for Siberia. The truth, however, can be seen from fermentation. Old systems renounce or are ousted, the Soviet Union which, it is true, embraces some the following passage in the newspaper “ Trud“ the new mark their ways with blood. New know­ non-Russian so-called “ Autonomous Republics“ (“Labour“ ) of November 5, 1953: ledge has risen on the horizon. Its shadow falls and “Autonomous districts“ yet, as a whole, is “ Vladivostok, November 4, — The two re­ alarmingly on the frightened world. The rays of to 80 percent inhabited by Russians? And Russian frigerating ships “ Dnyestr“ and “ Kuldin* have new suns have worn out the fetters of century civilization, the masterpieces of which, such as the left the port of Vladivostok, in order to bring old obligations. Now they fall off, brittle and religious philosophy of Vladimir Solovyov and the plenty of fresh meat, sausage, and vegetable to rotten. Yet relations arise. It must be noticed: literary work of Dostoyevski, we do not want to the population of Sakhalin and Kamchatka. In the national frontiers are in a state of disolution. undervalue, has been appreciated for centuries in return they will bring frozen salmon, smoked and Boom is on for map drawers. The face of our the whole of Europe and America and in recent fresh herrings, and salmon caviare, back to earth, petrified for generations, begins to move times also in Asia as an outstanding achievement Vladivostok.“ and its features change over night.“ of the human race; not even the anti-cultural I know those far-off regions very well and can Klym Pravdych Page 12 a BN-CORRESPONDENCE Number 1/2

Prof. Dr. Alexander Kulchytzky research. The Ukrainian refugees are not the best models of Soviet men, as they have proved by their flight that they resisted being moulded — quite apart from the fact that it is not appropriate Psychology As A Factor In Politics to study a human being that has been characterized as collective, as long as he is not in his typical, Since the term “ Psychologic Warfare“ in con­ behind the Iron Curtain are deeply interested in collective surroundings. If, however, the psychic nection with the East-West tension has appeared these questions. It is the vital question, indeed, form of the Soviet man, neither in its process of in the press, some attention has been paid to the the question of to be or not to be of their spiritual formation nor in its result, can be studied with relationship between politics and psychology. If existence. This common situation should result in empiric inductive methods, the way of deductive warfare — according to Clausewitz — must he a common request: The psychologists, cultural research, though less usual in psychology, is still called a “continuation of politics by different institutions, writers etc., of all peoples in question left open. Suppose we know the tendency of the means“ , psychologic warfare, or better, the psycho­ must not only be interested in, but actively co­ forming influence, the process itself in its essence, logic preparation for war, is a more or less operate with the Psychologic Institute in pursuing and the special concrete conditions of the moment­ effective means from the arsenal of political arma­ the research of the moulding and self-moulding ary situation, then we are able to deduce the ment. Psychology need not become “ military of the Soviet man. Connections with well-wishers, way, the width, the depth, and the duration of psychology“ , though, in order to he of political willing to co-opcrate, should be developed where the moulding process and its results with a degree significance. Bismarck called for a pcacable po­ research and the procurement of material is con­ of probability that the above mentioned factors litical psychology; J'dnsch commented on the cerned and the Institute would be glad to con­ imply. These factors can be ascertained to a con­ negotiations between Stresemann and Snowden in tribute. siderable degree, as far as we can see. The a short, pertinent, psychological treatise. Never­ The possibilities of co-operation result from tendency of the forming influence can be gather­ theless, even the most interested peoples on the those considerations underlying the methods of ed from the anthropologic and characterologic western side of the “ Iron Curtain“ are not aware the Institute’s activity. conception of the Soviet man; the process itself The man in the Soviet Union is continuously and its course can be analyzed by means of social pointing out that, in comparison with the West, psychology which has advanced considerably in lie is “ different“ , and in comparison with the past recent times; the special conditions of the Ail Sdttats he is “new“. The point of his peculiarity is, accord­ procedure i. e. the “ psychagogic situation of Soviet We ask all editors whom we regularly supply ing to his own expressions, that he, having formed men“ in its entirety and in the partical aspects* with the “ A.B.N.-Correspoiidence“ kindly to his surroundings first pursuant to communism, is we get from our “ Sovietologic“ knowledge. send us a copy of their newspapers in return. now being formed by it himself in return. The From what has been said, the task of all emigrat­ main difficulty in the methods of psychological ed scientist who are interested in these questions, In a great number of cases it has been done research in that case is that this moulding and would be to put all facts concerning the subject so already. We would consider it a token of self-moulding Soviet man, protected by the Iron that they can gather from their memoirs and pleasant co-operation if the other editors, too, Curtain, cannot be examined by objective Western memories, from press literature and personal ex­ obliged us by following these examples. psychologists with empiric inductive methods of perience, at the disposal of the Institute. of the absolute necessity of the psychological preparation of any policy — in particular a policy in Eastern Europe — to the extent that they The Roots of Soviet Russian Communism would lead to practical consecpieiices. (Continued from Page 11) The work being done by the Psychologic Insti­ tute at the Ukrainian Free University is a positive Horde; or the tsarist regime developed and ideo­ or less educated Russian began to believe in the exception in comparison with the general, not logically based according to Byzantine pattern; or existence of a Russian Nation and to take himself greatly interested attitude of the West towards that the “ All-Russian“ empire, established in con­ for a member of it. And from Muscovite “ Slavo­ question. (The Ukrainian Free University was formance with Western pattern. Since 1917 the phil“ pamphlets, in conformance with best German founded in Prague by support of the President Russians are assuming Bolshevism and its cherished pattern, he could learn what the Russian Nation Masaryk and, as a consequence of the war, remov­ “ Soviet-civilization“ with its Western (Marxian) was supposed to be and to become. ed to Munich where it resumed its activity, fully elements being as strange to them as was the French Up to the revolution of 1905, the “ uneducated“ authorized and supported by German and American language at the court of Catharine II (the question Russians remained on the same mental level as 300 authorities.) of the Russian elements in said Soviet civilization years before — or even lower; for the fairly The Psychologic Institute of the Ukrainian Free will be referred to later). Of course, there has energetic commencement of raising the true Russian University has already a history. On March 7 always been a genuine Russian “ /oZ/c“ civilization civilization which was undertaken in the early and 8, 1953, the Ukrainian psychologists from the with its roots reaching much farther back than the 17th century when the tsarist power was extremely Institute in Munich and the Bavarian Psychologic Rurik-dynasty, not to speak of the Christianization weakened for some time (the so-called “ muddled Society held a joint conference with a series of of Russia proper (Muscovite Russia). As a matter time“ of 1606 to 1612 and its far-reaching con­ lectures given such as “ The East-West Tensions of fact, there is no people on the whole globe, sequences) this raising was connected by the central in the Light of Psychology“ by Dr. V. Yaniv, however primitive, without a civilization of its power that had meanwhile recovered, with lecturer at the Ukrainian Free University; “ Oc­ own. But up to the middle of the 17th century the the so-called Great Russian schism (“ velikiy cidental and Non-Occidental Aspects of Ukrain­ Russian people was unable to raise its indigenous raskol“ ) and eventually socially isolated and nul­ ian Psyche“ and “ The Understanding of the culture beyond a rather poor “folklore“ (a fairly lified. Thus even the very commencements of a Psyche of other Peoples as a Psychological Prob­ primitive material culture, popular songs and Russian popular epos which took its initial rise lem“ by Prof. A. Kulchytzky; “ Soviet Psycho­ customs, and popular arts chiefly assumed from the at the time — the Muscovite historian songs — fell logy“ by Prof. H. Vashchenko (both Ukrainian Ugro-Finns in the Volga region), as the almighty into oblivion as early as in the 18th century. (It Free University). state with its totalitarian- attitude disliked every1 is highly significant that the older “ Russian“ po­ Thanks to the co-operation of the Psychologic thing “ national“ . There was no nation which had pular epos — the “ Bylines“ — is altogether a Institute and the Central Union of Ukrainian created a state of its own in Moscow. On the retrograde development of the old Ukrainian War­ Students a two day’s international scientific con­ contrary — a piratical state strongly organized on rior Epic of Kyiv writh only the language Rus­ ference was held (Journées d’Etudes Ukraini­ Ugro-Finnish colonial ground, endeavoured for sian). Now, this was the unique reaction of the ennes) on August 19 and 20, in Strassburg, its centuries to bring something like a “ Russian Na­ Russian people to what was called the “ national success being highly appreciated in the French tion“ into existence, according to its own political Russian“ civilization propagated from Moscow and press in Strassburg, as well as in Paris. On the interests and cultural tendencies (i. e. the inter­ Petersburg. first day Prof. Kulchytzky gave a lecture on “ Les ests and tendencies of a rather international upper aspects occidentaux et non-occidentaux de l’âme class held together merely by reason of state). While the Russian masses abandoned even their primitive folk civilization in the course of years’ ukrainienne“ , not only outlining the Ukrainian Therefore a new “nationally minded“ educated without accepting or, at least, understanding the psyche against the Eurasian-Russian, but also class was created in the 19th century — comply­ emphasizing “ that the psychological distance be­ ing with the German Romanticists and Hegelians — artificially Europeanized civilization of the upper tween the Russian and the Ukrainian soul is where much was spoken of “ popular spirit“ and classes, they slipped quite naturally either into a inversely proportional to their geographical “ national idea“ , of “ the Russian soul“ and “ Russia’s hopeless and very backward sectarianism or, as in distance“ . world mission“ , that is to say, of mere phantoms most cases, into a hatred beyond all bounds against At the turn of 1953, the Institute took up a as, actually, there was no Russian nation and could everything alien, against everything distinguished, special subject of interest for all the peoples not be under the cultural circumstances then pre­ indeed against any education whatever. Thus the behind the Iron Curtain: The aspects and problems vailing. The Russian Empire, however, behaved as ground was prepared for the social and cultural of the formation of the so-called “ Soviet“ man. an exponent of the “ Russian nation“ or even of catastrophe that, as most of us did not see until On these problems Prof. Kulchytzky gave a well the “ Slavonian race“ , with about as much right as now, has been unprecented in human history — attended lecture on November 27, 1953, at the Hitler’s Drittes Reich represented the “ Nordic“ or and that was Soviet Russian bolshevism. Psychologic Institute of the German University even the “ Aryan“ race. which concluded with a lively discussion under For the true evaluation of the “ Russian national The Soviets have to be on their Guard the participation of distinguished German psycho­ idea“ the comparison with those nazi chimeras is logists. The lecture was given for the purpose of very illuminating. If the Dritte Reich had not Along the railroad from Zilina to Kosice (Slov­ making the German psychologists familiar with existed for twelve but for some hundred years, akia) all bridges and tunnels are placed under per­ the methodical adaptation of the Institute’s work something like a supposed Aryan “ race mentality“ manent strict military custody. The communists to the subject of the “ psychologic aspects of the would have considerably spread although it has are bound to take such extraordinary measures be­ moulding and self-moulding of the Soviet man“ . nothing to do with the true character of the Ger­ cause the activities of Slovak partisans, fighting It is a matter-of-course that, as far as our A.B.N. man people. It was just that way, a supposed Rus­ against communism and for an independent Slovak nations are concerned not only psychologists but sian “ national spirit“ arose in the Muscovite empire Republic, endanger the railroad communications also the multitude of the emigrants of the peoples and spread in the Petersburg empire: every more with the U.S.S.R. Number 1/2 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Page 13

America becoming aware'of the truth A Miscarried Policy Perle Mesta Tours the Soviet Union By David Zagirashvili In the colhnnns of many western news­ papers such as “New York Herald Tribune“, Fighting imperialistic Russia whose sphere present events in Korea, Indochina, and elsewhere, “Los Angeles Time“ ,“Daily News“, L’Aurore“ of power ranges from Vladivostok across the vast are mere logic consequences of that one erroneous etc. lengthy reports by Mrs. Perle Mesta, areas of the Asian continent to the heart of view. former U.S.-Minister to Luxembourg, are be­ Europe, all the emigrants from the U.S.S.R.- Thus the pertinent question may well he put: ing published at present. She describes her peoples watch the policy of the Western World does mankind even now not see, after having impressions during her visit to the Soviet- with deep concern. The West must he aware that experienced 36 years of bolslievic rule in the Union. It is the most important point of these it cannot guarantee the present frontiers in the East, that it is quite impossible to localize a world reports that they convey an objective picture East and thereby eternalize the pressure of the plague by quarantine; and that the more as every of the real conditions over there. American Soviet yoke on so many countries, without attempt to this end has been frustrated by Mos­ press, rarely publishing true factual reports rudely offending the repeatedly proclaimed Char­ cow’s infernal policy, as we might have learned ont liese conditions, might think better of it ter of the Freedom of Individuals and Nations. in the course of some ten recent years. now. As a matter of fact, that would only be another What fatal repetition of events, that the idea Perle Mesta does not restrict herself to what contribution to the long row of fatal blunders, of Locarno is again under consideration in the the “Intourist“-travellers are allowed to see the first being committed in Brest Litovsk, where West. That means to offer another chance of con­ or to hear, but she has her eyes and cars the’ West granted breathing space to Lenin for solidation to bolshevism and that just at the time everywhere, so to say. With commendable the consolidation of his regime, completely una­ when the red throne in Moscow is wavering. That frankness she characterizes those national ware of the danger that was bound to come. After this is the case we know from several tokens on problems which certain circles of the West, the end of the first World War the victorious the occasion of Stalin’s death, the precipitous especially of the Russian chauvinistic emi­ powers were equally short-sighted when they were downfall of Beria, the catastrophous economic grants, prefer to conceal or to describe in a unable to make up their minds to energetically situation and even the reports of Khrushchev and false light. restoring order and freedom in the East. How Malenkov. The author’s reports about Ukraine, for in­ easily would all those dangerous bolslievic com­ stance, will not be allowed to die away un­ They Must Avow Their Principles mencements have been disposed of at the time! heard by the world. For one thing, that she The West, however, offered every opportunity to The end of dictatorship being near, the paradox learned from different talks on the spot that communism to complete its victory over those situation has arisen that the democratic world the Ukrainians consider it as an almost de­ peoples in its grip and from that moment on any comes to its grave-digger’s aid instead of mobiliz­ adly insult to be mistaken for Russians. Once future contest was rendered much more difficult. ing all forces against its sworn enemy. All the this occurs, these men, otherwise so kindly The Western politicians contended themselves tortured non-Russian peoples, forming a potential and lovable, fly into a passionate rage and with placing the Soviets in a sort of quarantine power together with the satellite states, expect stress decisively their nationality and its and indulged in the illusion that, thereby, the decided steps by the West and hope for aid in elementary difference from Russia. Perle Muscovite bolslievic bacillus was localized and their unequal struggle. They are of the opinion Mesta comes to the conclusion that so ingrain­ prevented from infecting the rest of the world. that it is high time to confront the gentlemen in ed an aversion must cause the Muscovites a the Kremlin with the crucial question! We will lot of trouble. Furthermore she had the op­ Regretable Sliort-siglitedness never come to an end by inviting them to high- portunity to see with her own eyes the vital This attitude created the idea of Rapallo and level talks, which are rejected by them in offending difference in nature between the Ukrainians Locarno which increased the power of bolslievic notes or connected with inacceptahle conditions. and Russians as to their character as well as Russia considerably. But more than that: she was They should be called before the international to their way of living. Apart from the cor­ even admitted to the circle of the Western world, tribunal of the United Nations. There the Kremlin diality of the people in Kharkiv and Kyiv her representatives joining the “ League of Na­ despots had to avow whether or not they were she met with a genuine civilization. The cities tions“ and co-operating in the settlement of the prepared to settle the outstanding problems of are much more beautiful and cultivated than national problems! our times and to bring the horrible state of sub­ anywhere else in Russia, Moscow not , ex­ The only flash of light in this inconceivable jugation in their dominion to an end. If not so, cepted. co-operation with the representation of the evil no more room would be for them in the family So much for Perle Mesta’s reports which, as was the joint firm stand the West took against of free nations; they would be put out of doors a whole, confirm so thoroughly what we have Moscow’s unheard of crime against the small in­ just as Litvinoff was at his time. striven to make clear again and again. We dustrious Finish people which was unexpectedly It just occurs to me that it was the Roman trust that this knowledge will gradually dawn and unprovocatedly attacked by the Kremlin senator Cato who showed a fresh figue to the even on those who have hitherto disregard­ despots and should he deprived of its independ­ senate, taken from Carthago the day before, in ed it. ence. There was only one man who helped the order to demonstrate how near the enemy was. Kremlin in breaking through its isolation and Our enemy, the enemy of all mankind, is not ligence Service as well as the State Security of the concluded a treaty of friendship and non-agres­ waiting along the borderline, but has invaded our Eastern Zone. As an employee of the former sion with Moscow, an that was Hitler. cultural world; one great part has been seized general Gehlen he was able to look into the secret Unfortunately enough, the sound policy of the already and the rest is deadly menaced. records of his intelligence office and to make West did not last very long. It is quite incom­ The American senator Dean Cordon said re­ photocopies which he delivered to the Eastern prehensible why the Western powers, in the clash cently: “ The Kremlin is in possession of the German authorities. But more then that. Using between Hitler-Germany and Stalin-Russia, felt H-bomb. He is threatening America and can even an accurate card-index he instigated the arrest of hound to join one of the destructive forces, destroy it. Is it not the highest time to rush to at leats 66 co-workers of Gehlen’s. instead of sparing their forces to the end when the world’s aid, to lift the Iron Curtain and free It is infinitely regretahle that in our era of both the fighters were completely exhausted and the enslaved peoples?“ communist soul poisoning not even clerical garh the West in full strength could have restored the Yes — that is the demand of the day! Only can save people from aberrations we hitherto had divine order of the world. It is grotesque that that can save the world from final annihilation, never expected to beset the ranks of our Christ­ this unique chance was missed. Teheran, Yalta, the and not, perhaps, a guarantee for security for the ian society. The Archimandrit Volonzevich is one inhumane blockade of Berlin by the Soviets, the destroyer of all human values. lamentable example. At the request of the exile Russians in Western Berlin, a separate parish of the Russian-Orthodox Church was constituted and Father Volonzevich was made its priest. He, however, entertained a conspicuously friendly Attention! ... Spies! relationship with Soviet Russian officers and one (Continued from Page 7) day he vanished into space. Subsequently it present will put further light on the affair. Ber­ Muller’s. As, however, in all cases of bolslievic became known that he had fled to Karlshorst lind, Frankfurt, Bad Homburg were only some of espionage the name N.T.S. has cropped up with taking along the money-chest and the list of the the stages. Even Southern Germany was not over­ precise regularity, the pertinent question may members of his parish. There he had offered his looked in his “informatory trips“. well he put: services to the Soviet Russian administration. We 1. Have those organizations been initiated, must wait and see what use will he made of the In the Gaiglstrasse in Munich, for instance, perhaps, directly by the Kremlin as mere resorts names, hut in any Case the whole affair reminds ther is the top organization of emigrants, the for pernicious elements? one suspiciously of the card-index of Hans Joachim Z.O.P.E. (Center Union Post War Refugees from 2. Do the chauvinistic forces among the Russian Geyer. S.U.) Wen they held their constitutional meeting emigration even feel indebted to bolshevism for To close the circle, the N.T.S. emerges also in in Munich from November 11— 14, 1952, with having expanded the Russian empire to un­ this case though as a loyal figure for once, since Georg Klimov in the chair, Georg Müller appeared precedented power, while they hope once to he the dust raised by the Muller affair has got in to as deputy of the N.T.S. Yet he concealed his com­ its heirs? their noses. mission and gave himself the air of an incognito. 3. We do not want to injure any organization All the facts described above prove without He behaved besides in every respect as if he were as such, hut we make our voices heard in warning a doubt, in what bad state matters are. If the the dictatorial commander of the Z.O.P.E. and against their abuse by Moscow-serving elements! — McCarthy committee had not been founded as yet not a guest, so that many people came to the It goes without saying that we must he on our it would have to he founded immediately. We conclusion he was a deputy of Malenkov’s. guard. wish its founder and leader would examine the Is it not most alarming when even people in situation in Germany very closely when he comes the know come to such conclusions? We must Kremlin Agents in our Midst to Europe next. It is absolutely necessary for the admit that even among the Russian emigrant We need only think of such examples as the security of the whole civilized world that all organizations there are men who do not or will comparatively petty case of the double agent these things are cleared up completely. not know anything about such intrigues as Mr. Hans Joachim Geyer serving the Western Intel- . R. Persing Page 14 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Number 1/2

Turkistan. It seems as if it becomes an indis- pensible part of bolshevic activity, in the end. Here, likewise, discontent with the accomplish­ ments in the domain of cattle breeding is the primary reason. In addition, our good old friends crop up, namely the complaints of insatisfactory Party line. Composed in 1952 and based on popular co-operation wtili the kolkhozes, insufficient ful­ Hebrew music, the symphony won instant critical filling of the quotas, and lack of common sense acclaim and was played regularly at concerts in in settling practical problems. These reproaches Sofia. During the Slansky trial and the ensuing have been addressed to almost all scientific NEW PROGRAM wave of anti-Semitism, the symphony disappeared academies of Byelorussia. There is only one thing new, and that is a sort In line with its new, conciliatory economic pro­ from concert programs and the sheet music promi­ nently displayed in music store windows was re­ of unvoluntary confession that slipped out in the gram, the government has taken steps to relieve discussion and referred directly to the Commun­ the peasantry. All the measures passed favour moved. After this the composer’s star started to sink ist Party. It became known, thereby, that, in many kolkoz farmers. For instance, beginning January 1, districts of Mogilev and Vitebsk, and also in the cooperative farmers will he granted slight reduc­ rapidly. Other works of his were banned from concert halls. The Bulgarian public did not notice Polotzk districts, the political agitators have a tions in their compulsory state deliveries of grain, miserably low spiritual standard. milk, dairy products, meat, wool and vegetables. this change, but those in music and theatrical circ­ les knew that Yladygerov’s works were “ on the No doubt that is true, and not only in the Furthermore, income tax arrears of kolkhoz far­ districts mentioned. . . mers will he cancelled up to December 1952. An­ index“ . other decree announcing cuts in peasant insurance Then, suddenly, there was another change. After premius grands larger reductions for cooperative Soviet refutation of the “ Doctor’s Plot“ , and sub­ farmers. By giving kolkhoz peasants more privi­ sequent revision of the anti-Semitic line through­ leges than independent farmers the regime has out Eastern Europe, the Sofia regime wanted to made it clear that collectivization remains its main give a conspicuous demonstration of its new atti­ LACK OF LABOUR DISCIPLINE agricultural goal. tude. Bulgarian authorities remembered Vlady- The official Soviet newspaper “ Izvesliya“, gerov and his “ Hebrew Symphony“ . At a solemn “ GOOD NEIGHBORS“ No. 243/1953, is deeply worried by the fact that ceremony, they gave Vladygerov the 30,000 leva cattle breeding is endangered in the region of Ever since Chervenkov’s September 8 speech, prize, a sum which in present-day Bulgaria makes Stalingrad, as, during the summer, not sufficient the regime press has waged a campaign urging the him a \vealthy man (the average income for a fodder supply was stored for the winter. More­ resumption of diplomatic relations between Bul­ physician, for example, is 800 leva a month). over, the life stop standard of 1938 has not been garia and the United States. Communist news­ Yladygerov is now installed in a handsome villa readied by now. papers have also published numerous articles on with beautiful furnishings, including two pianos. “Komsomoletz“, the district organ of the Kom­ the importance of easing tension in the Balkans (“News from Behind the Iron Curtain“-NCFE, N.Y.) somol in the Rostov district, criticizes the activity and of settling all disputes with Turkey, Greece of the district organizations for being below the and Yugoslavia by peaceful negotiation. This pro­ standard required; so did the district secretary paganda is designed to promote Bulgaria’s admis­ of the party, Kiselov, in former times. Envisaging sion to the U.N. and to undermine the Balkan W//////////////////////////////////W//////////////T/W////n n n these conditions, K. Skachko felt induced to write Pact by establishing so-called good neighborly re­ a lengthy article in “Young Communist“, No. 10. lations. SELF-CRITICISM... BUT NO CHANGE FOR In No. 294/53, thé “ Pravda“ repeated all the COMMUNISTS CALL THE TUNE THE BETTER! appeals of the Soviet press, to improve the activ­ Rabotnichesko Delo (Sofia), May 4, announced The Muscovite party organ, “ Pravda“ of Oc­ ities of the party organizations in the kolkhozes, that a 30,000 leva award had been conferred by tober 27, 1953, reporting on the plenary meeting especially in Cossackia. the Communist regime upon Bulgarian composer of the Communist Party of Byelorussia, points “Komsomolskaya Pravda“ (No. 255/53) re­ Pancho Yladygerov for his “Hebrew Symphony“. out the “ severe criticism“ at the meeting of the proached the “ Rostselmash“ works, the biggest The story of this symphony is little more than a scientific institutes in the Republic. We know plant for agricultural madiinery in Rostov, with graph of there cent vagaries of the Communist that sort of criticism already from our report on not fulfilling its plans and pointed out that labour discipline was bad in that factory. The fault lay mostly with young workers some of them even The Treaty of Pereyaslav being Komsomoltzes. In “Komsomolskaya Pravda“ of October 29, (Continued from Page 9) V. Kochemasov, Secretary of the Central Com- resistance on the Ukrainian Hetman’s side so that time. As those phrases are not legally binding in mitte of the Komsomol, dwelt at great length on the Tsar ordered only one Voyevod, to the capital international relationship, they are of no judicial the numerous mistakes in the Komsomol of the of Ukraine, Kyiv. consequences. It is much more the fragmentary Kuban district. Really, it is no joke for the Soviets Considering the factual stage of the Ukrainian- oath of the Ukrainian people to the Treaty of to deal with the Cossaddan youth! Russian relations after the settlement of the Trea­ Pereyaslav that might amount to sort of ratifica­ It is interesting, that also “Komsomolskoye tise of Pereyaslav, it is clear that, in the face of tion of the treaty, because Ukraine — as opposed Plemia“ , the district organ in Chkalov (Oren­ the Muscovite breach of contract, the Ukrainian to the Muscovite state — was really ruled by the burg), complains of the lack of co-operation contractor proceeded to pay not much regard to people (democracy in the true sense of the world). among the young. Muscovite requests basing on the Pereyaslav Regarding all these fact it becomes clear that agreement. In forming further diplomatic relations Ukraine, forced by the Muscovite breach of con­ to Turkey and Poland, the Hetman mostly ignored fidence, had to disregard the terms of the agree­ Moscow. Furthermore, negotiations were on with ment to a considerable extent. Ignored by both Swede, aiming at a joint armed fight against Mos­ the contractors, the agreement of Pereyaslav was SHINING SOVIET EXAMPLE! cow. Two years after Khmelnytzky’s death, the nothing but a dead letter. Russian army was heavely defeated near Konotop “ We must learn even more than hitherto from One of the latest Ukrainian experts ends up in by Khmelnytzky’s successor, Hetman Ivan Vyhov- the experiences of our Soviet friends. We must a treatise on the agreement: “ . . . Ukraine exer­ sky (June 28 and 29, 1659). 30,000 Russian horse­ appropriate those experiences of Soviet activists cises an independent foreign policy without feel­ men were slaim, some Voyevods and Prince and Heroes of Work. Again and again we must ing bound to the terms of the Pereyaslav Treaty. Pazharskoj were captured. Only the events in the remind ourselves: to learn from the Soviet-Union She renounces by no means her direct diplomatic South prevented Moscow from being taken. And means to learn how to win!“ relations to Turkey and Poland. Indeed, Ukraine in 1709, under the leadership of Hetman Ivan “ Despite the campaign of lies and incitement of even fought against Moscow by arms — one Mazeppa, Ukraine wayed an open war against the Western warmonger’s clique we must never souvereign state against another. Ukraine was in­ Russia, in alliance with King Charles XII of forget what we owe to the Soviet scientists.“ tended to come into dependence on Moscow; in Sweden. These were only two of more military “ Among other things the Soviet innovators have reallity, a usual alliance according to the momen­ entanglement. made us a present of the following sensational tary conditions wase concluded in Pereyaslav.“ The Muscovite Voyevod in Kyiv succeeded very knowledge and inventions: seldom in intervening in internal Ukrainian affairs. In many respects, the judicial situation of the Mamedov-procedure: It would be good for the rail­ In many cases he had to contend himself with the agreement does not correspond with the factual way to observe its time-table exactly. role of a foreign consul. Muscovite intervention in situation and, therefore, a synthetic judgement of Nasarova-proccdure: Madiinery may be cleaned Ukrainian finances — und re the terms of the both the situations appears very difficult. after use. treaty the Russians had a certain right to do so — After the outburst of the bolshevic October Luniii’ procedure: Even locomotives may be cleaned were likewise mostly fruftrated by the Ukrainian. Revolution in 1917, it appeared as if the Russian after use. Tims they can be used more than Thus, in this domain of the Ukrainian internal communists wanted to revert to the basic idea once. administration, too, Ukraine retained a good deal of the treaty of Pereyaslav. Yet this turned out to GlubukoV’ Gulat shin-procedure: Locomotives can of independence. be a false conclusion. The area of the Muscovite run a distance of 500 km per day. Comrade Regarding the oath taken by the Ukrainian state has grown rapidly since the forcible in­ Glubukov and comrade Gulatshin have proved delegates in Pereyaslav on January 8, 1654, the corporation of Ukraine after 1654 and has assum­ in practice that sudi efficiency is always pos­ latest Ukrainian experts hold that the deputies of ed threatening forms meanwhile. Though the pre­ sible even if the terminus has been readied Ukraine have sworn to the observation of the sent Red Russian Empire has many vulnerable (by riding back part of the distance). terms of that treaty and have not taken an oath points, yet there is a region of particular value Shidirova-procedure: One man can tend several of allegiance to the Tsar. All the polite phrases to Moscow, namely Ukraine. The loss of this land madiine6 at a time. Cesar was able to dictate used by the Ukrainian Hetman in addressing the with its ferteli soil, its mineral resources, and its seven letters simultaneously. And we workers Tsar, must be regarded as international courtesy great strategic importance, ivould practically break are well able to do what was possible for a (Comitas Gentium) being very customary at the Russian supremacy in Europe. capitalistic feudal nobleman and exploiter!“ Number 1/2 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Page 15

It’s highly interesting! What a pity that for re­ XXXXXXXXXXXXX*XXXXXX*XXXXXXXXX tin and do homage to him who some time ago asons of tidiness and scroupulousncss these Soviet was transported by the Ukrainian Insurgent novalties have become self-evident to the man in Our best wishes for a happy New Year to Army (U.P.A.) from this world into a better one, the West long before he could dream of the rise then the Moscow “ Literalurnaya Gazeta“ is shriek­ of bolshevism! all true friends of our subjugated peoples! Looking forward to the new year, the free ing with triumph (as on November 3, 1953) and indulges in the illusion the name of Vatutin AN ACTIVIST’S THANKS world may not forget those millions of people engraved in the hearts of our young as a niodel By Nils 'Werner, distinguished as an activist who have to celebrate this great event joylessly, of a national “ hero“ . on October 13, 1953 as slaves in our native countries or as homeless In fact, those young people know from their My will is raging and burning within me! strangers abroad. parents that the worthy chief of bolshevic robbers The circulation of my blood is like a motor-race! was one of the vilest violators to their country, Anyone who has not known hope as yet The Free World must give us a helping hand and while they are performing a shameful comedy will know it soon as a new gasoline. for our liberation; otherwise the beginning of before the tomb, they offer up thanks for those I am a gaily-coloured ideal, a new year becomes not real for us and for the who have freed their land from that feeling-less a human being out of a magic paper bag! whole world. brute. I am sending forth fragrance like a lotus blossom, It is just the same nonsense that said Gazeta

in the poem of times up to the next quarter of ^ \i/ \1/ V/ ^ ^ ^ ^ \As ^ \1* \1/ \V* U. Vi. \X* \T* \T/ \l/ vl/ \C/ Vi* Vi* Vi* vl* claims in the same edition that “ the Russian our plan. /J' o' ^ ^v ^ *fv ^ ^v ^ ^v ^ /p. ^ /TV /p ^ ^ /p» ^ /p* /P» ^ ^ ^v ^ language is as frequently heard (in Kyiv — Ed.) as the Ukrainian“ . I am looking forward to the poem and Supply in the Turkmenian S.S.R. were severely in case I should become a hero of work. criticized. They were particularly reproached with We have not the least doubt that the Muscovite Then I will storm the heavens — in a raspberry- having not sufficiently activated their depart­ annihilators of folklore intend to repress the coloured light — ments in the spirit of and in conformance with Ukrainian language when sending the matrixes still, for the moment, I remain on earth. the “September resolutions of the plenary meeting of the “ Pravda“ to Kyiv by aircraft. But the (“Fresh Wind“, No. 43/1953) of the Central Committee of the Communist people of Kyiv have accustomed themselves from Thinking of the exhaust gas of that motor­ Party“ . the beginning to using those Russian bolshevic racing mechanized pegasus (to keep the metapher) “ The agro-zootechnical teaching of the kolkhoze papers, which are brought to their houses together with their local newspapers, for entirely different which comrade Werner has been riding, we should and sovkhoze workers was badly organized in rather head his poem with “ An Activist’s Stink“ . Turkmenia. After considerable retrogression in purposes. With that we have to consider whether his rasp­ attendants half of the members of the course So we cannot see how the “ Literalurnaya Gazeta“ comes to the conclusion that, “ . . looking berry-coloured mood might not be the result of failed in the examination. Last year the ministries enjoying raspberry liquor too much. At any rate, did not provide the courses with instruction this gaily-coloured ideal of a human being that materials and programmes. And now the edition of came out of a magic paper bag, as well as his the 13th curriculum in Turkmenian language has'1 A. Assatliiani poem seem to be of — stuff. not been managed. Not one of the six zootechnical The distinguished Georgian politician, Alex­ text books that ought to be published have been so, actually. ander Assatliiani, President of the National- “ The textbooks on the agriculture of the Turk­ Democratic Party, has died in Munich on menian state are lacking any novalties and are LEGAL MURDER December 28, 1953. issued by the Academy of Sciences in the Turk­ From 1918 to 1921 he was member of the On November 19, 1953, the head of an under­ menian S.S.R. as well as and by the Society for ground liberation group, Stanislav Tvardovshy, Propagation of Political and General Sciences parliament of the Free Georgian Republic. was sentenced to death by the district military only thricklingly and poorly, without any deeper He is the author of several historical and court in Poznan. Other persons accused were analysis and fundamental experience. political publications. given sentences ranging from 3 to 10 years im­ The Council of Ministers of the Turkmenian prisonment. After the occupation of Georgia, the deca- S.S.R. must take speedy measures to eliminate sed was chief organizator of the armed The official Soviet newspaper, “ Izvestiya“, of such aparent neglect of that important brandi in November 11, took the following attitude: “ The the control of agriculture in the Republic.“ forces in their struggle against Russian des­ members of this gang tried and undermined the potism. After his emigration he used to live friendship between the peasants and the workers INCAPABILITY OR OBSTRUCTION? in France. by acts of sabotage and by spreading false rumors. .. The captain of the gang was a former “In the development of cattle breeding the With him the Georgian people has lost a member of the Mikolajczyk Party; he has per­ Republic is terribly backward“ ... is the opinion prominent politician and brave fighter for of the “Pravda“ in Moscow expressed on Novem­ formed a series of acts of terrorism and sabotage.“ freedom. Being well acquainted with the bolshevic cant, ber 17, 1953, in a report on the plenary meeting we gather from the above passage that Tvardovsky of the Central Committee of the Communist Party committed nothing but the “crime“ of enlightening of Turkmenia. And it continues: “ The life-stock at everyday’s life in Kyiv we become aware of his country-men about the nonsense of commun­ was not increased but decreased in the last how ‘the great brother' asserts himself in Ukraine, ism and actively fighting for the liberation of years. . . Many kolkhoses and sovkhoscs gathered in every moment and every form of life“ . his native country from Muscovite despotism. a poor harvest for many years now and were unable to fulfil their duty to the state. . ..“ There is one sin that will he forgiven neither The activity of the Council of Ministers of the in this nor in the next world and that is folly; Republic was strongly criticized because the lead­ and one kind of folly is the greatest of all, namely ing personalities had omitted to execute the — self-deception. resolutions passed and to perform the organ- PERSECUTION OF THE CHURCH izatory work in the spirit of the issued regulations. THE SIMPELTONS OF LVIV The communist regime is intensifying the per­ secution of Catholic Church and the other Christian On November 7, the Moscow “Izvestiya“ pub­ creeds in Slovakia. All Catholic bishops have been lished a “ letter to the editor“ by H. Ustimenko, cast into prison many years ago or live under police member of the municipal council of Lviv. As this surveillance. Nearly all monks, nuns, and a great letter is so illuminating with reference to the con­ part of the clergy have been sent to concentration ditions over there, we quote part of it. HOW KYIV IS LIVING TO-DAY camps. Another part of the clergy has submerged “ The sdiools are in want of textbooks for in illegality, officiating in the underground. There When the innocent children of Kyiv are forced diemistry and mathematics. Furthermore it is arc only few priests left who are allowed to ex­ in rank and file to march up under close guard difficult to get some precise instruments for ecute their Church function officially — though to the pompous tomb of the M.V.D.-general Vatu- physical laboratories. In Lviv, for instance, it is watched vigilantly and influenced by the commun­ impossible to buy regularly transformers, electrical ist Church Office. The communist party and state measuring instruments, in tact models of steam administration make all efforts either to win the engines etc. Nevertheless, the simpcltons of the still admitted priests over as police informers and Ministry of Education in Ukraine do not care agitators for the people’s democracies or to diffame about that question at all...... The local re­ them in the eyes of the believers. Still the common presentatives have never ventilated the question people is on the side of the clergymen loyal to the The Ukrainian seriously why it is that the schools are so in­ sufficiently provided with instruction materials Vatican and does not acknowledge any priest in­ Lviv stalled by the communist Church Office. In all and which of those materials could possibly pro­ schools, enterprises, and everywhere in public life, duced by the local industry and production com­ ungodliness is propagated by the Party and the Illustrated public­ panies. . . On the other hand, the district hook State. The people, however, resist the official anti- ation (in German) shop, besides sugar (!) and things like that, has issued on the occas­ religious propaganda effectively. received also goniometric instruments from Kyiv, ion of the 700th whidi are now covered with dust and of no use anniversary of the to anyone. ..“ foundation of Lviv. Though almost nothing is being done for the Price: $ 2.— spiritual education yet the hook shops are thronged with copies of the works of Karl Marx, Lenin, Orders to be sent to: and Stalin, and the mass editions of the speeches WITHOUT ANY EXPERIENCE ... Verlag Ukraine, of Malenkov’s of Khrushchev’s, etc. It is only fair In the Soviet official “Izvestiya“ of November 11, Munich, Rumford- that, in absence of interest, that stuff is eaten 1953, the heads of the Ministry for Agriculture strafie 19, Germany by the moths. Page 16 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Number 1/2

Russianism“. The concrete point of the reproach, however, Œ ô ô k Æ i o m i u remains rather unclear. Now, more than one years has past since Burnham’s book was published and all those significant events as Containment or Liberation? Stalin’s death, the rising in East Berlin, Bcria’s downfall, and Malenkov’s announcement of economic reforms, An Inquiry into the Aims o f United States Foreign Policy have not shaken one of his statements. Yet we might wonder if the whole affair is not utopian since, up to By James Burnham now, Eisenhower’s government lias proved absolutely incapable of appreciating those thought, not to speak New York, The John Day Company, 1952, 1953, 256 pp. of their realization. Yet, political life in the United States must not be regarded too pessimistically; many a thing Professor Burnham's latest publication continuing his imperialist robots. As men and as Russians they have has happened that nobody would have expected some previous antisovictic books (“The Struggle for the World“, more to.gain from a fight against than for the com­ years before. A1 any rate, on the one hand Burnham’s 1947; and “The Coming Defeat of Communism“, 1950) munist regime, which is in the first instance a tyranny publication is for long time a signpost for American discusses at great length the principle method of the over Russians and Russia.“ well-wishers; on the other hand, American politicians cold war waged by the U.S.A. against the U.S.S.R., and We doubt that decidedly! However strong the imperial­ can no longer claim they were not adequately informed calls for suitable, practical steps in American foreign istic character and the national uncquality in pre­ about Soviet Russia. Quite apart from its potential in­ and home policy. In certain “private“ circles in the revolutionary Russia has been emphasized in other places fluence on U.S. foreign policy, Burnham’s book is one U.S.A., this work has caused such a storm that its pro­ of tlic book, still the author does not seem to realize that of the classical works of modern political sciences. pagation was impaired or at least largely delayed;* it is “patriotism“ that makes the Muscovite masses Y. D. even in such a politically well informed newspaper cxprcssl'y imperialistic, caring not the least for a as the “Ncue ZUrdier Zeitung“ it was not until September political freedom which is entirely unknown to them. Sir Robert Bruce Lockhart: 9. 1953, that the book was reviewed. But there is a good It is true, however, that the supposed possibility of a reason. It has been unprecedented in American press Russian anti-Soviet resistance has been mentioned just What Happened to the Czechs that the American “Policy of Containment“, exercised by by the by, the stress being laid on the national “Soviet Batdiworth Press, Ltd., London, 1953 pp 52 the State Department and theoretically defended by internal tensions“ : George Kennan, has been criticised and condemned so “Within the Soviet armies proper, it is estimated that This publication defends the artificial Czedio-Slovak thouroughly, so generally, and so downright crushingly. approximately 40% of the troops arc non-Russian in state structure and the ill-famed policy of Mr. Bones. The And indeed, what the author calls for, amounts to nationality. There are Ukrainian units as large as author, an old confidant and admirer of Mr. Bcnes, des­ nothing less than a complete change of the American divisions. or even army corps, and smaller units of cribes the fate of the Czedi people as if it had been foreign policy. He requests a consistent “policy of Byelorussians, Caucasians, and so on. Why do we take always closely connected with the Czedio-Slovak state. liberation“ aiming at “freedom for the peoples and for granted that Ukrainian soldiers will fight for Rus­ He speaks of a Czedio-Slovakia in the ninetli entury nations now enslaved by Russian — centered Soviet sian communist imperialist Moscow, if they arc given a although is lias been and remains a historial fact that state system — freedom for all the peoples and nations chance to fight for a free and self-determined Ukraine? sudi a thing did never exist in history up to 1918. now under communist domination, including the Rus­ . . . The skeleton of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, which Seeing the title of the pamphlet, one is inclined to pre­ sian people“. He knows how to bring it home to the became a formidable anti-Bolshevik as well as anti- sume that it would contain just an outline of the history reader in a logically exact and, for the public, appealing Nazi force during the latter part of the war and for a of the O.edis. Nevertheless, the author includes the manner that time is pressing; that time is actually wor­ year or two thereafter, still exists in the Ukraine and Slovaks too, and that even for the times prior to 1918, king for the Soviets; and that the deadly peril for the still carries on limited activities. Partisan groups are “Czechoslovaks“ as if they were not two different peoples U.S.A. and all the rest of the free world is not so much also operating in Czechoslovakia, Poland, Rumania, East It does not contribute to the clearness of his views that, the Soviet Union going to a Third World War, but the Germany and perhaps elsewhere. Individual secret on the one hand, he deals separately with the Czedis and United States pursuing the present policy of containment: “résistants“ are to be found throughout the Soviet the Slovaks, and on the other hand, speaks about the „This peril can be summed up in a single sentence. If pEmpire. The presence of this anti-Soviet Resistance is “ Czcdioslovaks“ as if they were not two different peoples the communists succeed in consolidating what they have itself a further demonstration of the realism of an East but one and the same. Moreover, he diffames the Slovaks already conquered, then their complete world victory European strategy.“ and “Ruthcnians“ (no doubt he means Karpatho-Ukrai- is certain. The threat does not coine only from what Such a political authority as Burnham does not fail to nians) in describing them as culturally and politically the communists may do, but from what they have done. see that an American “policy of liberation“ resting on backward peoples. He says, for instance: “ The Slovaks We do not have to bring in speculation about Soviet the activation and support of the anti-Soviet liberation and Ruthcnians, subjected for a thousand years to a “intentions“. The simple terrible fact is that if things movements among the non-Russian peoples beyond the long process of magyarisation, were badeward and poli­ go on as they now are, if for the time being they merely Iron Curtain will have a chance of success only if those tically inexperienced. The Czedis were the most Western stabilize, then we have already lost. That is why the peoples can be convinced that the U.S.A. aim at liqui­ of all the Slav nations. The Slovaks and Ruthcnians had policy of containment, even if 100% successful, is a dating the Soviet Russian Empire finally and entirely, suffered poverty and neglect under an Eastern feudal formula for Soviet victory.“ and not at tactic or psychologic manoeuvres. Burnham despotism“, (p. 14). I will not render in detail the author’s masterly recommends a number of effectual political measures The author glorifies the Czedio-Slovak Republic which analysis of the causes, methods, applications, and conse­ whidi ought to be taken by the American government was founded by Masaryk and Benes by fraudulent quences of the American policy of conlainment; those even now in the course of the cold war and might, he things arc, outside the U.S.A., as well known as the thinks, “nourish, enlarge and bring to fruition those means. In that he goes as far as describing that artifical dismayingly naive conviction of their originators that Soviet internal tensions“ to such a degree that the Soviet that the Slovaks have never consented to the constitution “ there can be no genuine stability in any system which Empire might, in consequence of internal risings, break state as “a Model Republic“. Why does he not mention is based on the evil and weakness in man’s nature“ and down even without an „official“ third World War. of Czedio-Slovakia and have alweys opposed that state? that, accordingly, “Soviet power . . . bears within it (Burnham seems to expect a possible World War III. Why does he not admit that Czedio-Slovakia has never the seeds of its own decay“ and, consequently, need not rather fearlessly though it is just that point where he been able to contribute to the general pacification, but be combatted actively or offensively (G. Kennan). has probably to give consideration to a wide-spred has been a permanent source of trouble in Central Moreover, the author discusses in all detail and con­ anti-war psychosis in the Staates and West Europe). Europe? And why is it that not a single word is said futes completely, the other root of the containment Those steps are: A solemn declaration of the U.S.- about the oppression and exploitation the Slovak people theory, namely the vain hope that “communism is the Government that it does not recognize and will never and other ethnic groups had to sustain in Czecho­ product of adverse economic conditions“ and hence “an recognize, the dependence upon the Soviet Union slovakia? improvement in economic conditions will stop com­ of all the non-Russian peoples in the U. S. S. R. In one place, it is true, he admits that Slovakia pro­ munism“. He shows that, in the long run, Kennan’s and that complete national liberation os those claimed her independence (on March 14, 1955, — Ed.) policy of “long-term, patient but firm and vigilant peoples is its ultimate objective; constitution of a special Yet lie speaks about the “Nazi Occupation“ of Czedio- containment of Russian expansive tendencies“ is “simply authority for “political warfare against Soviet com­ Slovakia, whidi did not exist any more when the Slovak the bureaucratic verbalization of a policy of drift“; for munism“ immediately subordinated to the President of Republic was constituted. Slovakia was never, under the Soviet power that is, the power of its leaders to move the United States; full recognition of the exile govern­ German Occupation. menextends by means of the world communist apparatus ments or national representations of all non-Russian In connection with the restoration of Czedio-Slovakia and the communist ideology into every nation and every peoples subjugated by Moscow; “formation of military in spring 1945, Sir Robert conceals the historial fact community. To try to contain it is as futile as to try to units under the flags of the now captive nations“ ; that this was the work of Soviet Russian policy and the stop a lawn from getting wet by mopping up each drop political training and general political use of the national Red Army, and that Slovakia was forced to join this from a rolating sprinkler. The truth in both instances emigrant cadres; changing of the armament programme forcibly reconstructed state in contrast to her own will is that to stop the flow we must get at the source“. ’ in favour of the air forces with particular regard to pos­ and her title to souvereign right of national indepen­ But how to combat Soviet communist aggression sible large-scale parachute operations in , the satellite dence. Furthermore he tries to justify Mr. Benes’ col­ actively and effectively? At first, the author closely states and the Soviet Union; and last but not least — laboration with Moscow and the communists. examines the two plans of political strategy rivaling in “the outlawing of the communist enterprise in American In general, the author wants us to believe that the America — the “West European Strategy“ and the Asian- domain by il legal izi ng and suppressing the organized Czedio-Slovak Republic after the Second World War was American Strategy“ — and proves clearly their hopeless communist movement.“ a democratic state up to February 1948 although it has narrow-mindedness (by the way — in doing so, he I will not discuss the question of how far are these been controlled by communists ever since its forcible describes the “Neutralism“ of so many West European measures necessary and sufficient; their principle ten­ restitution. states quite appealingly as a direct consequence of the dency, however, cannot be appreciated enough. That the American policy of containment). Then he presents his author docs not make mention of the inofficial material Under the sub-title “ Czcdioslovak Resistance“ he says: own concept of an “East European Strategy“ embracing support to be granted to the still or already existing “Apart from sporadic outbursts of partisan activities, approximately the area between the Iron Curtain and anti-bolshcvic resistance groups may have tactical mainly in Slovakia, the resistance is passive“, (p. 47). the Ural Mountains and relying upon the national reasons (in reality, the necessity of sudi a support is We may be allowed to add that there is no resistance in resistance of the non-Russian peoples oppressed by a self-evident consequence of the author’s thoughts. Slovakia that might be designated as “Czedioslovak“ as Moscow: “If from the start there are Balts, Poles, Czechs, Particular stress must be laid on the fact that the author this Resistance is not only directed against communism Ukrainians — and Russians too — fighting against the advocates a federal conception only conditionally, but also against the Czedio-Slovak state construction Soviet command, then the effect of the battle will be to without regard to his propensity of “super-national“ aiming expressly at the independence of Slovakia. losen the cement of the Soviet system.“ federal state constructions (to whidi he paid consider­ Furthermore we deviate from Sir Robert’s opinion in so It is surprising that he mentions the Russians in that able tribute, by the way, in his first political work "The far as we think the resistance not quite so negligible. connection and his reasons for doing so are rather vague Managerial Revolution“, 1941). He says: Altogether the publication suggests a solution for the and stereotyped. He says: “Even the Russian soldiers “The policy of liberation recognizes the right to self- problems of Central Europe that failed already in the should not be written off. Many of them are at heart determination and therefore to independence of all the past and gives not enough consideration to the natural more Russian patriots and human beings than communist nations of the Soviet Empire, including the nations development and maintenance of the democratic prin­ located within the pro — 1939 Soviet boundaries. If ciples. We regret sincerely that Sir Robert has obviously liberation actually leads to the fractionalizing of the been led by out-dated prejudices. C. P. present Soviet Empire into several dozen wholly inde­ Bitter Fate of Ukrainian pendent sovereign and rival states, this will at least remove the intolerable threat to world security whidi After a seven years’ Soviet imprisonment, exists because of the control of all central Eurasia by the German journalist and former co-worker a single aggressive power apparatus. Even sudi a super- of the newspaper “Sozialdemokrat“, Bri­ Balkanization would thus be preferable to the present state of affairs, but it would not be occasion for unmixed gitte Gerlaad, returned home on De­ rejoicing.“ cember 29, 1953. Having been imprisoned in We agree with that; for the A.B.N. conception too, Publisher: Press Bureau of the Antibolshevik' Bloc of the Penal Camp Workufa in the territory does not aim at several dozen new states but even less Nations (A.B.N.) on the Arctic Ocean, she reported that 80% than there are “Soviet Republics“ in the U.S.S.R. Further­ P.O. Box 70, Munidi 35 :-: Phone: 59 13 31 :-: Germany more the author rcsticts himself to recommending a Editorial Staff: Board of Editors of the thousands of convicts detained in that “voluntary unification, to one or another degree and Editor responsible: K. W. Orlecky. region were Ukrainian. in one or another form, of Central and Eastern Europe“, Articles signed with name or pseudonym do not neces­ Short before her release the prisoners went expressly warning against “the preference of German sarily reflect the Editor’s opinion, but that of the author. on strike. She saw with her own eyes that and Russian diauvinists“ : Manuscripts sent in unrequested cannot be returned in “If Russians who claim to be anti-communists refuse case of non-publication unless postage is enclosed. 120 strike leaders were shot and many others to extend the goal of freedom to non-Russians, then we It is not our practice to pay for contributions. deported. must wonder whose side such Russians will be on when Reproduction permitted but only with indication of When she left the camp the strike was still a showdown comes.“ source (A.B.N.-Corr.). It must not be concealed that he makes also not abso­ Yearly Subscription $ 2 or Shillings 12. going on. lutely well-meaning mention of “extremists of the other Remittances to: Siiddeutsche Bank, Munidi, (Siiddeutsche Zeitung No. 301, Dec. 30. 53) side“ who are supposed to “tend towards a crude anti- Account No. 10 707, Dr. O. Wintoniak (A.B.N.) fwutm fa HcJionsf J\eedm fa Individuals!

Vol. V. No. 3/4. March/April 1954 * Published in English, French and German * Price: 1s; 40 c

Dr. Ludwig Liptay Vice-President o f the Hungarian Liberation Movement Conferences Seen from our Point of View

The fate of different peoples has often been from the first merely wishful thinking in the question “what can we expect and hope from decided in political conferences. And it was souls of the innocent, or those of bad will. the Berlin conference“ ? And each of them, not always justice or commonsense that was Every sensitive person knew that with the pondering over that question, has felt all the decisive. History, however, has taught us Soviets only the methods can be changed, consequences of the previous conferences, on that where justice and commonsense were never the goal, i. e. the bolshevization of the his own back. Nine years long. Nine agoniz­ not the ruling factors in political decisions, whole world. They will diange their methods ing years, these unhappy millions and more the consequences were bitter. indeed when the world wants to be deceived than 30 the other peoples dominated by Rus­ After World War I the victorious powers again, “mundus vult decipi“, and the more sia have lived day for day between hope and included so much injustice and hate in the so, the more gullible their opponents are. disappointment. They know that time works Versailles Peace Treaty, that many far­ All the peoples, all the millions and mil­ for the Soviets, and if the Western World loses sighted persons were convinced at the time lions behind the Iron Curtain are facing the much more time Moscow will gain the upper that another and much more terrible war (Continued on Page 2) would be the inevitable result. And so it hap­ pened too. Unfortunately the leading politic­ ians among the victorious powers learnt nothing from experience. Turkestanian Unity! The conferences of Moscow, Teheran, Yalta and Potsdam, not only brought about much B y V eli Kajum Khan, President of the National Turkestanian Unity Committee worse results, but ruined whole peoples, bent independent nations under the yoke of an Those who are not acquainted with the a fair picture of the Turko-Islamic people. On inhuman power and threw millions, even national movement for independence in Tur­ the contrary, the Turkistan people have been hundreds of millions, into cruel slavery. kistan, or have no wish to be, describe the fighting the Russian Communist imperialists The consequences have not failed to appear. facts in a false light. It is a well known fact for decades, regardless of their political In Europe all the states in the Russian sphere that the Russians, whether white or red, colour. They have sent thousands of their of influence are completely bolshevized and pursue a colonial policy and fight everything young men to the front to fight Russian im­ the Western Powers have had to be satisfied connected with nationalism in Turkistan. To­ perialism. The Turkistan people fight for with the doubtful advantage of a loose and day we do not speak of our mortal foes, the their ideal — the complete independence of — frankly spoken — somewhat shamefaced Russian imperialists, but of the non-Russians Turkistan. This fight is waged inside the alliance with Yugoslavia. In Asia they have and foreigners who consciously or unconsci­ boundaries of Turkistan, where secret organi­ lost China, and the anxiety about Indochina, ously see the Turkistan movement through zations fight without rest for their national to which the danger of losing India in the Russian eyes. These people have regrettably independence. Many of their men were tried future may be added. stated that the Turkistan émigrés are not between 1937 and 1952. French democracy had not only to drive united, but are scattered and unorganized, The sons of Turkistan who live in exile, and away the Sultan of Marocco with that “cursed notwithstanding the fact that their nation who number some hundred thousands, are totalitarian method“ but arrest him, to boot. and their land possess enormous importance united in the common fight. They are scatter­ In England and the United States the Soviet in the fight against bolshevism. As far as we ed, yet they possess an organization of their spies play a merry game, while in France and know, someone has been entrusted with the own, the National Turkestanian Unity Com­ Italy strong communist parties are paralysing task of forming a Turkistan organization, and mittee (N.T.U.C.) The following points are the political and economic life of both coun­ these statements are false and do not present clear: tries, sometimes for weeks at a time. 1) The Turkistan emigres are combined The different conferences which have taken with their fatherland by strong bonds, and place with the Soviet Union since the end of are united. the war, have only led to worsening the po­ Genocide in Soviet Union 2) They have a committee of their own litical situation and, in consequence, an Ten years have elapsed since the dreadful which for many years has been fighting for armament race that was previously unimag­ tragedy of the North-Caucasians, the Crimean the complete independence of Turkistan and inable. From the beginning it has been a Tartars, and the Calmucks occurred. has refused to cooperate with the Russian question whether time was in favour of the and Chinese imperialists. West or the East, but since the world knows Under a decree of December 27, 1943, in 3) Almost all Turkestanian émigrés, that the Soviets are in possession of the February 1944, about one and a half million throughout the whole world, support this Com­ hydrogen bomb their advantage is fairly North-Caucasians, including women and chil­ dren, Calmucks, and Crimean Tartars, were mittee; particularly those who live in Jordan, evident. banned to North-Siberia for alleged colla­ Arabia, Pakistan, Syria, India and in Europe. The hope, that with Stalin’s death a radical The Committee has its branches everywhere. diange would take place in Soviet policy was boration with the Germans. We do not know how many arrived. Thou­ 4) The reception given to the statements of sands were shot on the spot because some the N.T.U.C. representative in the Near East resisted in despair. is further evidence that the Committee is From the Contents: The Western World ignored the fact at the united in its fight for independence. 5) The fight for independence of Turkistan M. W-ak: Page time, since it was allied with Russia. and the existence of the N.T.U.C. is known How Bolsheviks Solve the But this genocide goes on! And there are men who believe that it were possible to come to all Islamic and other free nations and Nationality Problem ...... 3 to an understanding with these slaughterers receives their support. Col.-General F. Farkas de Kisbarnak: for the Soviet despots. The device is “freedom The Turkestanians reject any alien inter­ The “Satellite“ Arm ies...... 5 in peace“. But it is not considered that there ference in their national affairs, but they feel are millions of men who have to live like united with all peoples in their fight for Dr. Baymirza Hayit: beasts, that there are millions living in con­ independence against Russian imperialism. Orient Between Democracy and centration camps and prisons yearning for W e know that Turkistan independence can C om m u n ism ...... 7 freedom and elementary human rights. No­ be achieved by the Turkestanians alone, thing is done to help them. through their struggle for independence and *** In the non-Russian republics of the So­ their fight for freedom. The Situation in Georgia ...... 8 viet Union, complete russification is carried The Turkistan people do not fight only for their own independence but also on behalf Dr. Hans Findeisen: out with all Russian brutality. But our peoples will outlive these times. Their spirit of resi­ of mankind. It therefore expects support from . . 9 Genocide in Siberia...... stance is unshaken. They will maintain their the whole free world. The fight must be a place. common one. Page 2 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Number 3/4 hand more and more. The events of the past ten years point only too truly to the rightness of this thesis. The Fundaments of an Antibolshevistic World Front What does all that mean? Do the peoples behind the Iron Curtain, in their desperation, (Y. S.) It is an irrefutable fact that Bol­ 3. Combatting all artificial, compulsory see a third world war as the only possible shevism and World-Communism are but two state constructions (e. g. C. S. R.) which are escape? If so, then a relaxation of the present high developed forms of modern Russian Im­ situated in the bolshevik sphere of power and political position would be quite against perialism. Hence it follows that the dismem­ constitute the continuation of the oppression their interests, — or can they think of berment of the Russian empire is a premise of others days. another, a peaceful solution? Then they must for the final overpowering of Bolshevism. 4. Combatting any and every form of impe­ strive for the same goal as the Western For every clear-sighted brain the means are rialism which is likely to impair the inde­ Powers. apparent which must be applied to overcome pendence of our peoples, or the integrity of Certainly there are many who wish the the bolslievist monster: since Russian impe­ their ethnic territories, and unswerving one; and just as many who have the other rialism in its nature is thoroughly universal, championship of democratic ideals. eventuality in mind. Who could take it amiss it can only be counterbalanced by emphati­ Those are the pillars upholding the political when anyone in danger of his life seeks cally promoting the national tendencies and aspirations of our century, that categorically immediate help, the speediest solution? And aspirations rooting in folk peculiarity. reject the grand scale theories preached a great number of people believe that only Applied to the practice of the present con­ by Hitler and Stalin ad absurdum, in favour a war offers a speedy solution. O f course flict between East and West which takes the of a folk union designed by God and nature. many fear a new war will mean the total breath of the whole world, that means that Only when the nation thrives in freedom destruction of their native country, or the there is nothing that could be more welcome can the welfare of the individual be guaran­ extermination of their people. Must their to the Western World, as a valuable contri­ teed. A federal system of free, independent anxiety not be regarded as justified and bution in its fight for preserving its living peoples filled with high ideals, forms a pha­ comprehensible? conditions, than the demand for independence lanx that is able to strike back against vague, In one thing, however, all subjective na­ and self-determination of the peoples suf­ destructive universal ideologies. tions are agreed. No compromise is possible fering under the yoke of the Kremlin des­ The Genuine Entente Cordiale with the Soviets. pots. It is these forces which, by under­ And that alone is the decisive standpoint. ground actions and inner-political resistance, The above principles, carefully guarded and Compromise means that each side concedes can grievously impair Moscow’s foreign- preserved, will produce results which will something. Can an eventual concession on the political ambitions. Their device: “Freedom meet all the requirements of our time, a time part of the Soviets be regarded as valid and to the Peoples — Freedom to the Individuals“ which seems to have stumbled into a cul de worth anything? could be expanded by the understanding: co­ sac. By the moral backing they give the en­ operation of the Western Powers to a basis of The answer is clear. slaved countries, they have the way to bursting a giant bloc of the freedom-loving peoples the bolshevist empire from within, and to The bolshevists will offer concessions, and and individuals of all the world against the gain time under the appearance of magnani­ procuring a trustworthy entente cordiale bolshevik arch-enemy of true humanity. with the West. And that is indispensable, in so mously giving up their plans when they want And these are the natural premises: to conceal others, but they will regard all much as the fight against the world menace of 1. Guarantee of national justice, that is, of bolshevism demands the co-operation of all their concessions as null and void from the national-state independence and equality of very beginning, and will only keep the treaty national and freedom-loving forces of both all peoples within their ethnographic borders. hemispheres. concluded as long and in so far as it lies in 2. Affirmation of the idea of social justice, The peoples of the East, especially those their interests to do so. defence of the interests of the working people. It may be objected that in politics such con­ represented in the A.B.N., would be ready Rejection of bolshevism as the modern form of and willing to co-operate if their interests cessions can sometimes be considered neces­ peoples’ enslavery by oppressing the individual were considered and they were not expected sary, as they may be counted as success and and degrading him to a collective animal. an advantage derived from them, in some to deny their principles. For it is their con­ way, in the future. viction that by being loyal to one another and not surrendering any of the principles Without doubt that may be the case, but it Can a security guarantee mean so much that won by hard experience, they can nest help must be taken into consideration from the they can abandon the peoples behind the Iron peace-loving mankind. For that very reason first, that the Soviets will not keep their word Curtain to the bolshevists? Can a security they approve of the unity of the western line and only force will be able to make the guarantee mean the consolidation of the pre­ of defence against Moscow and long for their treaty valid. Who knows, however, whether, sent dominating position of Russia? Are the own under ground movements, national libe­ when the time comes, force will be available, Western Powers so shortsighted that they are ration organizations, as well as all subjugated whether the Western Powers will possess the ready to buy a temporary peace and such peoples altogether, to be alligned in a world necessary power and let us not forget: time doubtful security at any price? front whose unity nothing can shake. works for the bolshevists. That can and must not happen! What concessions might the Western First of all, because that would be in con­ Inclusion of the Asiatic Continent Powers expect from the Soviets? Perhaps the tradiction to all promises hitherto given, and restoration of a united Germany with the against all true democratic principles. It It would be entirely wrong and incompatible condition granted of free elections in all would be a mockery of every kind of respon­ with the interests of a world wide anti-bolshe- Germany? Or the Austrian Treaty? sible feeling. And secondly a step of that kind vist united front, if any prejudice were shown The Soviets are fully aware that free elec­ would mean the loss of Europe and with it the against the people of Asia. Though their trust tions in the East Zone would mean the utter end of the free world. in the West may be shaken for various rea­ defeat of bolshevism. The events of June 1", Western politicians must know what value sons, it is all the more imperative to win 1953 made that perfectly clear. Bolshevist lust they have to ascribe to the tough resistance them again for the common cause of the civi­ of power could not afford such a loss of against communism put up by the subjugated lized world by well-considered psychological prestige. peoples, a value which in the struggle against measures. The continent of Asia, with its If it is really true that in Russia and in the Bolshevist power may be a decisive factor. partly unexploited mineral wealth, forms one countries subjected by Russia, economic and After the many mistakes these people have of the most critical points of attack for world internal political difficulties have arisen, the been victims to, in the last decades, a fresh bolshevism and would mean an immense in­ Soviets might show a certain compliance. If, disappointment might very well be fatal, not crease in power, should it succeed in winning however, — at best — the Austrian Treaty only for the nations in question, but for the that. The fact that atheist Moscow regime, by came to be concluded would that mean the whole idea of freedom. A blow of that sort its hypocritical support of Islam, is seeking withdrawal of the Russian troops from might annihilate the civilized community. to itself as protector of the Muselmans, is the Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Rumania? That The peoples behind the Iron Curtain know best proof of what value is ascribed to the would not only be a logical step but the that the freedom of the world can only be possession of the countries of Asia. In order obligatory contractual consequence of such attained by the complete destruction of bol- to frustrate this Muscovite expansion plan, it a step. shevist power. It is absolutely impossible for is of the utmost importance to guarantee the But could bolslievist prestige bear such a freedom and terrorism, democracy and totali­ national independence of those nations. Added loss? Will the Russians be willing to practi­ tarianism, for economy and communist ex­ to that, there must be sincere recognition of cally give up their positions in Asia? W ill they ploitation to exist peaceably side by side in the religious ideal which is inseparably bound be willing to promise to cease their stirring the long run. up with the life of these people; the solution up of the Asiatic peoples in future? Political sense requires the Western Powers of social distress in accordance with religious That is hardly probable. The sacrifice to negotiate, under certain circumstances, and national justice. To these positive points would be too great and it is a question with the bolshevists, but they must negotiate must be joined the fight against godlessness, moreover whether the Russians are capable really. against imperialism and against famine, as at all of checking the whipped up aspirations Negotiating under these circumstances re­ well as impairments to personal existence among subjected peoples to achieve indepen­ quires firmness, combined with a definite caused by natural powers. Only these ideas dence. demand that the Russians withdraw their will be effective enough to check bolshevism A still more alarming question is, what con­ troops unconditionally from all regions occu­ in the Orient. cessions the Western Rowers, on their side, pied by them. Taken as a whole, the situation can only be would be willing to make. Have they not suf­ By that, the Western Powers could achieve saved by resistance, organized by themselves, fered bitterly for their good will at Teheran, a great success, namely, regain the confidence by their own forces, against bolshevist infil­ Yalta and Potsdam? Can they bear the re­ and trust of all subjugated peoples. That would tration, and by the co-operation of the West sponsibility for further losses? Is their any be a valuable asset after so many lost years with the representatives of the peoples sub­ room at all for western concessions that does and so many disappointments caused by their jugated by Moscow, whose freedom move­ not include the danger of losing all? errors. ments are of the greatest importance for the Number 3/4 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Page 3

M. W - a k How Bolsheviks Solve the Nationality Problem

The original Ukrainian text, oj this article ivas published by revolutionary Ukrainian under­ the class struggle of the proletariat for socialism ground press (‘‘Ideya i ChyniC [Idea and Deed] No. 9, 1946), under Soviet occupation and (i. e. the demands of the Russian revolution — terrorism. Note the far-sightedness of the Ukrainian patriots who feel so clearly and distinctively M. W.)“ (History of the C.P.S.U./B) that all the promises for independence or autonomy on Moscow’s side are nothing but awkward In his remarks on the very question in general, feigning as, in contrast to all false pretences, it heralds a terroristic attack at every kind of not only regarding Russia, Stalin says: “ This does national civilization. We reproduce this article not only as an opportune directive, but also as not mean, of course, that the proletariat is to sup­ a weighty document of the ideal and cultural bearing of the heroic liberation struggle in Ukraine port national movements everywhere and always in against Soviet-Russian imperialism in communist disguise. (The subtitles have been put by the all concrete cases. It will back those national move­ editor. — Ed.) ments only which aim at weakening and destroy­ ing the imperialistic forces and not at strengthen­ It is the object of this article to prove documen­ against tsarism was to win those peoples over to ing and preserving them. There are cases when a tarily a) that the U.S.S.R. is nothing hut a new the bolshevik movement, i. e. to a new “ indivisible“ national movement stands in conflict with the inter­ Russian Empire, b) that the oppression of nations Russia. ests of the development of the proletarian move­ in the U.S.S.R. is no chance appearance, is not the The bolsheviks were quite aware that “ Central- ment. It is a matter of course that in such cases work of individual “ enemies to the people“ , but Russia“ could not do without the aid of countries any support is out of the question. (“ Problems of the deliberate realization of Lenin’s and Stalin’s with raw. materials, fuel, and food. (Stalin: “ The Leninism“ ). plans and a wilful tactic of Russian imperialism. Russian Nationality Problem in Soviet Policy“ ). Lenin held the same view when raising the ques­ The U.S.S.R. is the modern form of Russian im­ Those nations they needed, however, were inflamed tion: “ Should the recognition of the right of the perialism which strives at subduing the whole globe with hatred against Russia and wanted to be free nations to self-determination really entail the and erecting a Russian World Dominion by means of it. In order to keep those peoples within the support of any claim of any nation to self-deter­ of new bolshevic methods and under the catchword mination?“ (“ The Nationality Problem in Our of a “proletarian world revolution“. Program“ — Lenin’s works, vol. 5) When the bolshevics settled the nationality pro­ The Fourth Anniversary of a Hero’s Death The above quotations makes it clear that not blem they a) solved it as a general problem and every nation is entitled to realize its right to self- b) as an especially Russian problem. There is no determination in its own interest. Now the perti­ difference in principle between the two solutions,’ nent question may well be put: When, and on which for both of them are to serve Russian expansion. nation, will that title be conferred? There is only this: in the first case the further We gathered from Stalin’s pronouncements in development of Russian imperialism has been en­ general which national problems will be solved pos­ visaged, whereas in the second the method has been itively by the bolsheviks, that is to say, which na­ fixed how to keep subjugated nations down in a tional liberation movements they will support: great empire. “ The proletariat will back those national move­ At the 7th Party Conference in 1917 it was for ments only which are aiming at weakening and the first time that the Russian bolsheviks discussed destroying the imperialistic forces“ . In other words: the nationality problem thoroughly, and formulat­ The bolsheviks will support all national movements ed its solution. (The question had been touched at that are directed in some way or other against prior conferences and party meetings, but this time Moscow’s imperialistic competitors. Some concrete it was a precise item on the agenda). It was then examples will verify this statement: that the peoples’ right to “ self-determination“ was recognized and motivated. It will be interesting to Examples of Imperialistic Ambiguity learn why it was just at that conference. In 1917 Finnland called upon the Russian pro­ visional government to admit Finnland’s right to Self-Determination as Bait secede and form an independent state. The gov­ 1917 was the year of the beginning revolution, ernment refused. And what did the bolsheviks say? the year of the downfall of Tsarist Russia. The — “ On which side shall we stand?“ — asked Stalin, bolshevics rushed to save the empire. Yet this and replied: “ No doubt on that of the Finnish could only he managed by removing that which people, as it is unbearable to retain a people within undermined and destroyed, and that was just the a common state by force, be it whatever people it nationality problem since for the captive peoples may“ . the social momentum resulted from the national. On first thoughts this remark seems to certify The non-Russian peoples hitherto belonging to the bolsheviks seriousness in admitting the nations’ the Russian empire waited impatiently for its de­ right to self-determination. In reality, however, cay to extricate themselves at last and to constitute General Taras Chuprynka matters are entirely different: Finnland’s separation states of their own. Secession of several peoples Comniancler-in-Cliief of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army from Russia hampered the process of bolshevik would have been the complete ruin of the Russian (U.P.A.), President of the General Secretariate of the revolution there, neither in strategic nor in econ­ great-power and that was entirely against the plans Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council (U.II.V.R.) and omic respect. On the contrary — recognizing Film­ of the bolshevics who wanted to preserve the Rus­ Chairman of the Staff of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (O.U.N.) in the homeland fell fighting land as an independent state, the bolshevics could sian empire. So something had to be found that against the Russian-bolshevist occupants on March 5tli, play themselves off as supposed defendors of sub­ might work to link those peoples with Russia and 1950, near Lviv in Ukraine. jugated peoples. That was of great hearing for the to divert their attention from their aim of national He was one of the founders of the A.B.N. in the under­ propaganda. Thinking besides that it was in one self-determination. A “joint revolutionary front“ ground movement in 1943. Now the leadership of the U.P.A. and the entire Ukrai­ line with the course against the government of the was to be granted to them. That was the first nian Liberation Movement in Ukraine was assumed “ Russian Policeman“ it is self-evident that other reason why the nationality problem was put on the without interruption by Colonel Vassyl Koval, peoples were thereby influenced in favour of the agenda of the 7th Party Conference. thus carrying on the tradition of the U.P.A. — “ Figh­ ters fall, the fight continues!“ — for bolshevic movement. That is the solution of the The Russian bolshevics’ struggle aimed first and an Ukrainian independent democratic state. puzzle why the bolshevics recognized Finnland’s foremost against tsarism. For that they needed the independence. It was just opportune, it was fur­ help of other peoples. Stalin put this point quite thermore directed against Moscow’s imperialist frankly in his “ Problems of Leninism“ (Chapter common whole, the “ remnants of distrust in the competitors who never by decree have recognized 4). It was absolutely necessary to fight tsarism great-Russians must be liquidated“ , as Stalin put such things. radically and ruthlessly because it was taken for it in his report on the constitution draft in 1936. But what was the bolsheviks’ attitude in other the embodiment of the “ Russian policeman“ and That was just what the Russians sought to attain cases? Just one example: “ Personally“ — said Sta­ the symbol of national oppression, in short, of all by their way of settling the nationality problem, lin at the 7th Party Conference — I would oppose that which repelled those peoples which were about particularly by the proclamation of the right to the Transcausians’ separation from Russia, con­ to overthrow Russia. Apart from serving their self-determination. That was the second reason sidering the joint development and certain cir­ seizure of power, the bolshevics’ harsh procedure why the bolsheviks approached the nationality cumstances in the proletarian struggle, and so on.“ problem. What a difference! Let us raise the question rescue of persons blinded by bolshevism. again: Why did Stalin oppose Trans-Caucasia’s Arbitrary Interpretation of Right They work as a third factor, independent of separation from Russia? Because Trans-Caucasia’s any imperialistic power, in accordance with And now we will make ourselves familiar with separation would have had an unpleasant effect on the popular idea of freedom. Only on the same the text of the resolution of the 7th Party Con­ the process of the bolshevik revolution and thereby, platform can salvation and appeasement ad­ ference: on Moscow’s strength in economic respects (Baku) vance, too, in the Orient. “ All constituent nations of Russia shall have the as well as in strategic (open door for foreign im­ And only by the representatives of the pe­ right to freely secede and form an independent perialistic forces). The justification for Finnland’s oples subjugated by Moscow, courageous state“ . . . “ The question of the nations’ right to separation did not quite work in this case . . . the fighters against imperialism and for national free secession must not be tied with considerations disadvantages were too great! Separation of Trans- independence, — can an iron band of free­ regarding the suitableness and opportuneness of Caucasia would not serve to weakening and des­ dom-loving, anti-bolshevik world combatants the separation of a particular nation. This is sub­ troying those imperialistic forces hostile to Rus­ be forged. Either the who!<- world will gain ject to the independent decision of the party of the sian imperialism but would even undermine and the victory by a common struggle, or it will proletariat (Moscow, of course — M. W.) in every destroy Russian imperialism itself. perish in a welter of petty bickerings and particular case, the decision being based on the Stalin’s speech went on: “ But — if the Trans- egoism. There is no third way! interests of the whole social development and of Caucasian peoples want to separate themselves des- Page 4 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Number 3/4 pile all, they may do so and we will not stand in (Ukrainian Communist Party, Khodzhayev, and while simultaneously conquering their territories? their way.“ Why, — yon might say — Stalin did others). The struggle of the Egyptian bourgeois So we come to the conclusion: The acknowledge­ not insist on an express deeision. He only gave his however, is revolutionary. Where do such views ment of the right of self-determination on the bol­ opinion and, in the end, let the peoples have their come from? The answer is easy: Each national shevik side is only a lneans to the end of realizing way. And we answer: When the “ independent“ movement within the Russian great-empire is only and consolidating Russian imperialism. The 26 communists of Trans-Caucasia demanded the form­ directed against Russia. It will shake Russian im­ years’ history of their rule proves that. By the way, ation of independent states in lieu of artificial perialism, and is therefore combatted by the bol­ Stalin refers to that problem expressly: “ The ques­ federations, the 12th Party Congress condemned sheviks. A national movement outside the Russian tion is: whether or not the chances for a revolution their attitude. Advocates of Tartar independence boundaries is directed against is rivals, iveakens in the lap of a revolutionary movement have been (Sultan-Galiyev) and of Turkistanian (Feizullah their strength. And therefore there is some sense made use of already. If not, there is some hope in Khodzhayev) and some others were likewise re­ for the bolsheviks in supporting them (eventually making use of them for a proletarian revolution primanded. With that it must be considered that against England). Is not this the old, tried and and making dependent and colonial countries which all those people had fought as communist party proven method of all imperialistic powers? Did not have been resources for the imperialistic bour­ comrades for years. Noting furthermore that the Germany act likewise with reference to Russia by geoisie, allies and resources for the proletariat“ bolsheviks did not succeed until 1936 in abolishing deeply deploring the lot of the captive nations there, (“ Problems of Leninism“ ). (Continued on Page 10) the national “ deviations“ of those peoples by armed force (Operation Budyonny) it becomes clear that Stalin’s statement, the Transcaucasians Dr. O. Z. Bark need not he afraid of bolshevic resistance in case they would separate themselves from Russia, was sheer bluff. Soviet Economy and the Trade Unions And still another example: “ Nobody is able, nobody is entitled, to intervene The Centre of the Statistic Administration of It is an unpleasant business for the Kremlin to forcibly with the life of a nation. But that does not the U.S.S.R. published on January 31, 1954, the want to raise the standard of production while il mean that a social democrat (i. e. bolshevist — results of the state plan of Soviet Economy in dares not abolish the economic system of collec­ M. W.) would not agitate against pernicious insti­ 1953. tive serfdom. In fact, the speedy normalizing of tutions and unsuitable requests on the part of “ In general“ the plan has been fulfilled to 101 economic life in the U.S.S.R. at the time of the any nation“ (Stalin: “ Marxism and the Nationality- per cent, but just the most important ministries “New Economic Policy“ (N.E.P.) could only be Problem“ ). did not come up to their quotas. That applies par­ attained because Lenin postponed the collectiviz­ This seems to be clear. But the fact is that di­ ticularly to the steel and coal industry, the in­ ation of agriculture at that time and tolerated pri­ verse meanings can be implied in “ pernicious insti­ dustry for transport and heavy machinery, build­ vate enterprise in trade and industry. But now the tutions“ and “ unsuitable requests“ . A People’s ing materials, wood and paper industry, and many Kremlin will never be ready to take such measures; Commissariate for Heavy Industry or for National others. for in this case it would have to restrict the arma­ Defense in the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic “ In the light and food industry“ — writes the ment production and, at least for a certain time, would no doubt be a “ pernicious institution“ (as “ Pravda“ of February 2, 1954 — part of the out­ to pursue a real peace policy. there was no such thing), and any request to this put is still unsatisfactory in quality and assort­ The exhaustive economic system of Soviet state end would likewise be “ pernicious“ . And the term ment; additional delivery of raw materials, im­ capitalism chokes every initiative among the work­ “ unsuitable requests“ might include not only the plements, and fuel, has been tolerated“ . ing people. If any initiative has been evoked in­ struggle for the state itself but even such matters In agriculture matters are not better: “ Although deed by conferring masses of orders and by pro­ as school, cultural institutions, enligthenment and a number of country districts suffered from un­ moting individual workers to higher posts, all suc­ the like. favorable climatic conditions, the grain harvest cess gets lost in the thicket of the Soviet party and Now we see clearly why the Ukrainian Commun­ came close to that of 1952 . . . The potato crops state officialdom. Those people, however, who be­ ist Party has not been admitted to the Comintern were as much as in 1952.“ long to the non-Russian peoples of the U.S.S.R. as a member equal to the communist parties of In plain words: the years’ plans of 1953 have not have even less mind to work, since their economic other peoples. This would have been an “ unsuitable been fulfilled. As compared with 1952, produc­ conditions are always kept down below the stand­ request“ by that nation! No doubt a demand of tion increased: butter 3% , fish products 3°/o, milk ard of the Russian, and, furthermore, they cons­ that kind is unsuitable in Russian imperialist eyes products 9% , meat 12%, sugar 12%, tea 6%, tantly feel the yoke of national oppression. as it means equal rights for Ukrainians and Rus­ soap 11%. Even if we take these certainly cooked The Kremlin endeavours in vain to change these sians even in this respect. Moscow likes it better figures of Soviet statistics for correct, we must conditions. One remedy should be the stimulation when the Ukrainian people is represented at that conclude that the Soviet population remained as of activity in the trade unions which had been tribunal and before the whole world, not by itself hungry in 1953 as it had been in 1952. The increase but by Moscow. It is also clear why the bolsheviks made a mere department of exploitation and the in food production does not even keep pace with exploiting and oppressing mechanism of the state opposed Poland’s self-determination: it was like­ the increase in population (i. g. potatoes, butter, and the party in the thirties. The newspaper wise “ unsuitable“ . The national policy of the bol­ fish products). As compared with the half-hunger “ Trud“ (Labour) of January 9 and 10, 1954, deals sheviks must be considered from the viewpoint of year 1952, food production must at least be doub­ with the work of the trade unions. The Party wants Russian imperialist convenience. Therefore it was led to reach a standard that might be taken as them to re-organize the “ socialist competition“ “ unsuitable“ to form a separate Republic or Party sufficient. At last year’s “ speed“ this will not be authority for the Russian Soviet Republic, for the which repeatedly had fallen into disuse in the attained after ten years or — as to butter and fish U.S.S.R. The “ Trud“ charges particular trade union Supreme Soviet of the U.S.S.R. was at the same products — even after 30 years; at any rate not in time the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Socialist committees with “ red-tapism in directing socialist 2 to 3 years as Malenkov promised. But all the Federal Soviet Republic (R.S.F.S.R.) and the Cen­ competition“ . In reality those committees do not time such a slow increase will never keep up with tral Committee of the C.P.S.U. (B) was at the same enjoy any respect or confidence among the wor­ the increase in population. time the central party authority of the R.S.F.S.R. kers, since they have turned into mean party and That means actually, that the central power of the Hence it follows that it is not enough to pass Soviet whips, instead of defending the workers’ R.S.F.S.R. as state authority as well as a party resolutions, such as that of the plenary meeting of interests. But how shall they succeed if the whole organ, labelled as federal power, constitutes the the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Soviet system of oppression does not? The pro­ Supreme authority of all so-called Soviet Republics. the Soviet Union in September “ On Measures to blem of how to arrange competion profitable for be Taken to Promote the Development of Agri­ the Kremlin among the workers, in bearing their True “Revolutionaries64 culture in the U.S.S.R.“ , and the ordinances of the Soviet Russian yoke, remains an insurmountable Serve Russian Imperialism Minister Council of the U.S.S.R. and the Central obstacle in the course of Soviet economy. Outside the Moscow empire the bolsheviks solve Committee of the Party “ On the Increase in the At its 12th plenary meeting the Central All- the nationality problem somewhat differently. Production of Consumer Goods and the Improve­ Union Council of the Trade Unions (W.Z.S.P.S.) There, the national movements are usually directed ment of their Quality“ , and “ On Measures for decided early in January to convoke the lltli against Moscow’s competitors. Therefore those the Further Development of Soviet Trading“. His­ Congress of the Trade Unions of the U.S.S.R. for movements are to be supported. This is why “ the tory tells us that slave economy is the least pro­ May 25, 1954, in Moscow. The most interesting fight of the Egyptian businessmen and bourgeois ductive and advantageous. So it is hard to presume problem of the congress will be the changes in the intelligentsia for Egyptian independence is an ob­ that any further decrees will bring a change about. statutes. The Kremlin will no doubt try to deceive jectively revolutionary one, notwithstanding the the workers one more time. But can it find any­ “ bourgeois“ descent and affiliation o f the leaders thing else but the promise of 1917 to leave the of the Egyptian movement and their anti-social­ The Crimea “ Handed Over“ factories and enterprises to the workers? Then the istic views. The fight of the English labour govern­ to Ukraine workers enthusiastically took all pains to rebuild ment, however, for the maintenance of Egypt’s de­ the destroyed plants, not anticipating that they pendence is, for the same reason, reactionary, not­ Among other things Radio Moscow announ­ would be made real slaves who have not the title withstanding the proletarian descent and affili­ ced on February 27, 1954 that on the 19tli of to go on strike, to change their place of work, or ation of their government officials and their pro­ February 1954 a meeting of the Presidency to act as equals in concluding collective labour socialist views. Let alone the national movements of the Supreme Council of the U.S.S.R. with contracts. of other bigger peoples in colonial and dependent representatives of the Supreme Council of the Formal changes in the Soviet Trade Union Sta­ countries such as India and China. With them, each Russian S.F.S.R. and the Ukrainian S.S.R. had tute will have no bearing, as long as the Soviet step to deliverance, even if violating democratic taken place under the chairmanship of Voro­ workers remain serfs to the Kremlin. The Soviet rights, is a blow with the hammer against imperial­ shilov. trade unions will not gain the respect and the ism and, therefore, an undoubtedly “ revolutionary Subject of the meeting was the exclusion confidence of the Soviet workers (and above all step“ (Stalin, “ Problems of Leninism“ ). of the Crimea from the R.S.F.S.R. and its in­ that of the non-Russian peoples) until they have From all that we can learn that the problem has clusion in the Ukrainian S.S.R. The reason turned from Muscovite slave drivers into real mass different aspects whether you consider it inside or given was the “natural geographical and organizations of a fight for national, political, and outside Russia. Trans-Caucasian, Turkcstanian, economic situation and the close cultural social liberation from Soviet slavery. Another im­ Ukrainian, fight for independence is a retrograde relations between the Crimea and Ukraine.“ portant task of the trade unions would be to help step, a bourgeois nationalistic deviation, even if the W e shall return to this problem in the next the Russian workers to get rid of Russian im­ followers of these movements are communists number of the “A.B.N.-Correspondence“. perialism. Number 3/4 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Page 5

Col.-Genernl Franz Farlcas de Kisbarnalc A Valuable Friendship President of the Hungarian Liberation Movement and M. C. of the A.B.N. All that is only a fraction of the Soviet fighting power. Yet it. enables Russia to use its own forces for keeping the captive nations down, for securing The “Satellite64 Armies and the Military supply etc. Nevertheless, its officers and privates are thoroughly educated in communism by the well- Potential of our Peoples known methods in order to bring up as faithful followers of Muscovitedom as once in the juvenile In the collumns of this magazine it has been point­ The active strength of the Bulgarian frontier partisan groups. Parallel to the spiritual enthral­ ed out several times that a victory over bolshevism guard police has been fixed at 100,000 men. Uni­ ment of tile army runs that of the civil population. is only possible with active support from our versal conscription for men from 18 to 50 years The extent of assumption implied in such proce­ peoples oppressed by Russia. Therefore it is in- has been introduced with an active service time of dure is only fully understood if one considers that dispensible that these peoples are filled with deep two years. not more than 53% of the 200 million population confidence in the absolutely affirmative attitude The same happened in all the other states. in the U.S.S.R. (and even this Russian estimation of the West regarding their striving for indepen­ According to reliable resources the total strength goes too far) are national Russians, as compared dence. With that, military entanglements need not of the armies in the captive nations has risen to with 21% Ukrainians (40 million), 16 million Tur- be envisaged since substantial things can be accom­ about 2 million which means a triplication of the kestanians, 13 million Caucasians, 12 million Byelo­ plished by co-operation in the fields of psychology, figure of 1950. In these countries a total of 144 russians, and so on. These peoples have been fight­ civilization, and ideology. Should, however, — we fully trained divisions are ready for service. ing for their independence and freedom for cen­ do not hope so, of course — the “ ultima ratio“ of It is a matter of course that communications and turies and are not willing to give up. an armed contest prove inevitable, the Western airports are zealously improved and augmented. In As counter-balance to the Soviet obscurantism World will all the more depend on their compan­ Hungary, Rumania, Bulgaria, and Albania 220 air­ the emigrants of the captive nations are educating ions in arms in the so-called satellite states. ports arc ready for use, 18 of which are suitable for at the universities in Europe and overseas, a lead­ By the little word “ so-called“ we accentuate by jet planes. Additionally, Finnland’s airports were ing class prepared to meet every situation. The design what is problematic in the comprehension also put at the Soviets’ disposal under the truce Soviets are well aware of the enormous moral of “ satellite states“ . From the beginning, or more “ treaty“ . power hidden in the emigration. It is an alive and properly said, since World War II, this denomin­ Since the captive nations number 90 million constant protest against bolshevik tyranny. The ation has been a somewhat ironical and derogative souls, Moscow is able in case of war to send from émigrés’ disinterested service to their homeland attribute. It is instinctively combined with the these territories alone, 10 million soldiers to the deserves to be compared with that of the heroes of impression that the countries concerned would fol­ front, especially the eastern front. our continent. (Continued on Page 6) low the ruling potentates in a sort of voluntary subservience in order to express their inner pro­ pensity and loyality to the system. It was above all in Hitler’s times that this view was vividly propagated by Germany’s adversaries Calumniating Campaign — we will not discuss however in this context how far this was justified. Since, however, the states Against the A.B.N. is Cleared Up concerned, such as Hungary, Rumania, Bulgaria, Slovakia, Croatia, and Filmland, have come under Who’s Behind It? the bolshevik yoke, matters have somewhat changed. When the “ satellite states“ are mentioned to-day The Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations paper “Rude Pravo“, in its February 19, the idea of violence and lawlessness forces itself to (A.B.N.), the largest organization for the 1954, number, under the headline, “Disinte­ the subconscious mind. In the knowledge of this co-ordination of the resistance of peoples gration Continues“, and it goes on to fact the American State Secretary, John Foster behind the Iron Curtain subjugated by announce gleefully, “. .. Recently the west Dulles, described these nations repeatedly as “ the Moscow, is very comprehensibly the focal German press agency reported the disso­ Captive World Front“ . We will stick to this denom­ point of public interest, all the more so, as lution of the so-called ‘Anti-Bolshevik Bloc ination in future. there are not chance exile politicians, of Free Nations1 with its headquarters in ready for any compromise in it, but spokes­ Munich. That is an international organi­ Enormous Increase of Soviet Fighting Power men of the national revolutionary forces zation of traitor's, composed of 20 fugitive of their peoples, who, in their name, have groups from countries in Central and After this short deviation we will return to our taken up the struggle against bolshevism Eastern Europe. These groups, chiefly allegation, irrefutably documented by figures, that as a political system just as undauntedly working in the service of American impe­ alliance with the “ captive nations“ is an indis- as that against Russian imperialism as alien rialism and in close collaboration with Ger­ pensible necessity for the West. domination, and who stand for national mans out for revenge, endeavour with the At first let us consider the utmost consequence freedom. For that reason the A.B.N. has help of an American war and under the in case of war, that is the question: What about been and still is a thorn in the eye for threat of S.S. bayonets of the west German the war potential of these nations being at the communist centres, on this side, and that, army, to force the yoke of capitalism on Soviets’ command? as well as for Russian imperialists of every the liberated peoples. Facts prove that they The answer resulting herefrom is startling: shade, and their accomplices, for the very have not been able to achieve the least According to the truce settlements in 1944 and fact that the A.B.N. forms a bridgehead in success in realizing their wolfish plan; that 1945 the Russians forced the following conditions the free Western World for the implacable horrible pack of traitors in dollar pay has on the below mentioned nations: fight for liberation. fallen to pieces, powerless. There is no Rumania had to equip at least 12 infantry div­ Communist fellow-travellers and Rus­ doubt that the so-called ‘Anti-Bolshevik isions and to place them under joint Rumanian- sian imperialists are, as everyone knows, Bloc of Free Nations* will not be the last Russian command. At the same time she had to bind to be found in certain circles in western ‘international1 traitors’ organization to fall herself to surrender all war equipments and all countries and among the miserable hire­ into the bottomless pit.“ goods indispensible for warfare such as ships, lings and the scum of our own peoples. Thus Our calumniators and those who so plants, communications, power-plants, telephone it is not hard to explain why the Anti-Bol­ lightly abetted them, little expected to get and telegraph systems, fuel and food supply. shevik Bloc of Nations (A.B.N.) has for a such a rebuff, while we on our part could Hungary was bound to the condition to put up long time been the target for intrigues, not have hoped for a better certificate and 8 divisions, to deliver all war materials to Russia, interference and calumny, ending finally from such an authentic quarter, too. like Rumania, and to establish a Soviet military in an out and out campaign of defamation. Now there is no need for us to answer the administration a hundred kilometers behind the Strange to say, there were west German despicable campaign of defamation against front line. newspapers and radio stations which have the A.B.N. and its leaders. Who is after all Bulgaria had to put up an army of 55,000, to otherwise shown little interest in the behind it and whom it was to serve has supply 90 aeroplanes and a navy of 7,200 register A.B.N. and its struggle which were now been sufficiently illuminated by the “Rude tons. willing to place themselves at the disposal Pravo“, the official organ of the Czech com­ Albania was charged with 6 divisions. of an instigated press campaign and munist party. W e can only turn away in Yugoslavia, as an ally of the Soviets, was allow­ promptly reported tendentious, lying an­ disgust from the harmonious front bet­ ed to keep its whole army. nouncements of an alleged “dissolution of ween the communist hangmen of our peop­ Czecho-Slovakia, as “ spiritually akin to the Sov­ the A.B.N.“ without ever taking the trouble les and their conscious or unconscious iets“ , received suitable support in putting up new to ring up our office to enquire. In the same abettors and renegades in the West, and armed forces. breath the A.B.N. was accused of being follow our way more determinedly and At first these measures were explained as conse­ “undemocratic and totalitarian“ and even definitely than before. That is what we quences of the war against Germany. But it turned “anti-semitic“, moreover, “not absolutely owe to the legacy of our peoples. out soon that Moscow pursued only its private aims. western in orientation“. The prize was car­ W e recommend certain radio stations The above mentioned armies of the “ captive na­ ried off, however, by a Regensburger pa­ and newspapers of the German Federal tions“ were intended only as a basis for the rapidly per which dared to suspect the A.B.N. of Republic when giving reports and commen­ developed enormous “ popular armies“ under ex­ Bolshevist tendencies and demand an in­ taries about the bitter struggle being car­ clusively Soviet command. vestigation. ried on by our peoples and their spokesmen The present contribution of Bulgaria, for instan­ W e have been relieved of the trouble of in the West, which is tragic enough as it is, ce, amounts to as much as 7 light-infantry divisions, denying this infumous libel campaign to have more circumspection, so that they 3 tank divisions, and 3 artillery divisions plus one against the A.B.N. and its leadership, by will not fall under the suspicion of playing motorized, 3 cavalry brigades, 3 aircraft brigades even a single word. That has in the mean­ the part of a fifth column in the service of including all anti-aircraft, and a navy consisting of time been done by the Prague communist Moscow, consciously or unconsciously. 1 destroyer, 6 motor-gunboats, and 12 mine­ sweepers. Page 6 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Number 3/4

spread rumour that the American “ imperialists“ would think of world domination only and would Wrong Tone in the66Voice of America” never dream of real liberation. If it is the genuine desire of the free world to Our Estonian A. R. contributor put an article on unsuitable propaganda methods of the make the people in the Soviet domain listen to its “ Voice of America“ at our disposal, from which ive quote the following. — Ed. voice it must be courageous enough to guarantee that it pays to run the risk and listen to what they The “Voice of America“ has been broadcasting embittered that just this is carefully avoided in say. The Crimean Tartars, the Kalmucks, and some for such a long time now that the question may the “ Voice of America“ . Constant incitement is small Caucasian peoples, have been eradicated well he put what purpose it pursues and how far completely unnecessary and empty demagogy already. The friends of America behind the Iron it has succeeded. Above all it must be examined reminds only painfully of the politruk manners. Curtain are rightly afraid that their nation will whether this “ cold war“ in the air has been of real What is necessary is to raise trust and confidence meet the same fate unless the liberation promised spiritual use for the peoples behind the Iron among the people behind the Iron Curtain that comes in time. So they must be given confidence Curtain and whether they have been effectively they are not buried alive, but that the day of and animating prospects, their hopes must be prepared for an actual fight against bolshevism. delivery is gradually approaching. People want to backed, not by false pretences, but by reliable Judging the practical value of these broadcasts know in particular how those nations striving for arguments! Only that way can their courage be we must give particular consideration to a state­ independence are to be saved from regular russi­ revived, tliat courage which the West will one day ment of one who knows the situation thoroughly, fication. most urgently need. namely that behind the Iron Curtain you cannot There are still many friends of America in the By wrong methods of propaganda a crisis, which risk your life and freedom for things that are countries concerned, but there were even more. must not last for ever, came about in the “ cold hopeless and without decisive weight. Listening Unfortunately enough, the “Voice of America“ war“ . It remains chiefly with the “ Voice of to foreign broadcasts is a great risk in the “ Soviet added to destroying many a hope and sympathy. America“ to overcome this fatal deadlock. Paradise“ and can only be run to receive the signal This coincides with the bolshevik Party’s cunningly A. R. (Estonia) for releasing actions. The readiness was there, but the signals failed to come. One chance after the other (such as Stalin’s death, the Berlin riots, Prof. Ferdinand Durcansky Beria’s downfall) have been omitted for in­ conceivable reasons. They were substituted by Chairman of the Executive Council of the Slovak Liberation Committee hollow phrases similar to those of the Soviets and by worthless promises without genuine intentions to change the conditons prevailing. Slovakia’s Warning More Spiritual Contact! The First World War came to an end. The re­ cessary that the speakers of the free peoples take Hence it requires much understanding of the presentatives of the victorious powers sought for notice of the hard lesson that the world received, spiritual structure of those banned into the Soviet a solution of the European problems, which would and act correspondingly. For us the future is foggy sphere to make them listen. It must not be for­ guarantee peace and balance in the future. Demo­ because there are many who are ready to sacrifice gotten that, more or less, those people have psycho­ cratic principles they considered the most reliable dozens of the captive nations for a temporary and logically been ruined already by menace and ter­ basis. And this led to the conclusion that the false peace. And there are others who tend to rorism, and by constant fright of informers. The peoples’ right for self determination must be re­ force on the peoples the preservation of Czecho­ dull slave life makes them neither heroic nor cognized. slovakia and the Great-Russian empire, in con­ pugnacious, but extremely cautious and suspicious. President Wilson insisted that the peoples must tradiction to the right of self-determination of all They have seen too often the uselessness of sacrific­ be free and the governments have to reflect the peoples. Therefore it is most urgently needed that ing oneself and, automatically, one’s family with­ true will of the population. This he regarded as all who strive in all earnest to secure the victory out positive support. They are not keen on playing the best possible protection against imperialism of freedom and democracy make common cause the role of a petty puppet in the large-scale play and despotism. In the spirit of these principles the and advocate the execution of a trustworthy policy of the great powers; of a puppet that, as the case Slovak representatives in the West, too, demanded in the world. Illusion and lack of understanding may be, is thrown away and forgotten over night. independence for their people. But their desire brought the world to the verge of a catastrophe. They have no mind to be ground between two giant met with resistance. It soon turned out that self- Only through practising justice honestly and ge­ millstones for nothing. determination of the peoples was not a right gene­ nerally towards every man, every people, every What can we do to restore the inner strength rally applied, but only a momentary remedy. In religion, and every race, will we achieve a better of those regrettable men? Of course, they want fact, it was awarded only where it served the pur­ future. This is not only in our own interest and to hear the news of what really goes on in world poses of the victorious powers. Thus the Slovaks in that of our peoples, but also in the interest of politics. They want to know about the fate of the were pressed into Czecho-Slovakia without being all mankind. refugees and are yearning for careful soul therapy. given the chance to express their opinion. But this is not afforded by unrealistic sentiment­ T. G. Masaryk and E. Benes realized the trend of ality. Is it worth their while to listen to the “ Voice lime and offered the erection of a barrier against of America“ only naively describing how nicely Germany. It requires no proof that the two of Stage Elections in the Soviet Union children in the U.S.A. spend their Christmas? them were absolutely in want of the necessary On March 14, the election of the Supreme Council Create Confidence! capability. The main thing is that they succeeded in harnessing the suspicion and fear of the defeated of the Soviet Union will take place. According to Soviet usage, the electoral campaign has been start­ As to soul therapy, witty feuilletonists are bet­ Germany and suspicion against the Germans out­ ed already with meetings, “ unanimous“ resolutions, ter than empty talkers. As to information, factual side Germany in Central Europe for chauvinistic and nominating candidates. reports are most appreciated, but not detailed and despotic aims. The right for the self-deter­ descriptions of civil comfort; those are promptly mination of the Slovaks was sacrificed to the fear In all the countries of the Soviet Union, such as utilized by red propagandists to kindle the hatred of Germany. The Slovaks, it is true, were separat­ Ukraine, Byelorussia, Turkistan, Latvia, Lithuania, against the bourgeois classes. People in under­ ed from the Danube Monarchy, but they were for­ Georgia, and others, the candidates Malenkov, ground want to receive concrete signals and are ced into a Czech power system instead. It is quite Khrushchov, Voroshilov, Bulganin, Kaganovich, natural that the Slovaks became no defenders but and other Soviet allmighties, take the head. On (Continued from Page 5) adversaries of the “ order“ so created. March 14, the collective crowd of electors will be This is further proof of what valuable allies the 15 years ago they succeeded in their demand for driven to the poll, the participation in election will West would gain with them and the peoples they self-determination. They succeeded in gaining those be 99.5 per cent, and they all will “ vote unani­ represent. The underground movements in their rights of which- they had been deprived in the mously“ for the single list presented. countries, which day by day sustain serious fights name of a false democracy, abused for selfish aims. in death-defying self-sacrifice as defenders of The Slovaks obtained their rights since there is “ Anniversary“ Meetings European culture and morale, are not only the no injustice strong enough to last for ever. The On the occasion of the 300th anniversary of future saviours of their home, but the present Czech people, however, became a victim of the Ukrainian-Russian “ unification“ the chairs of the pioneers of the civilized world. despotic policy practised by its imperialistic states­ Supreme Council of the Ukrainian S.S.R. and of Beside these spiritual values, it must not be for­ men. Its politicians had no right to condemn Hitler the Russian S.F.S.R. have decided to convoke gotten that the greatest percentage of the U.S.S.R.’s since they themselves were no better. The only pleqary meetings of the competent Supreme raw materials are gained in the territories of the difference was that they had not so many possi­ Council in Moscow and Kyiv in May 1954. captive nations. In Ukraine, for instance, there bilities as he had. Nine years ago, Slovakia again * are wide industrial districts which yielded 55% was enslaved in the name of a pseudo democracy. of the total production of the Russian empire in The Czech politicians, too, received a harsh warn­ The presidency of the Academy of Sciences of World War I. It supplies 72% of all iron ore of the ing from history. Providence pursued the prin­ the U.S.S.R. plans special conferences in the sum­ U.S.S.R., that is V4 of the total world demand. ciple: “ Who grudges freedom to others does not mer in Moscow and Kyiv which are to deal with In Caucasus (Georgia, Azerbaijan, North Caucasus) deserve it himself!“ the treaty of Pereyaslav. gush enormous oil wells. The present world is living in constant uncer­ What sort of perversion of history will be con­ This summary must do to illuminate the weighty tainty. The politicians are looking for a way out cocted there is quite notorious. significance of nations which at present are ex­ of the deadlock in which the world is jammed * posed to the terror regime of a minority, which owing to its discord. In Potsdam and Yalta free­ The Moscow “ Literaturnaya Gazeta“ of Febru­ learned the value of freedom to the extent that dom and democracy were spoken about, but these ary 16, 1954, reports that “ Evenings of friendship they are ready to hold out their hands with all words were to disguise the slavery of hundreds of between the too fraternal countries“ (Russia and their heart to everyone who guarantees this free­ millions. Again the Slovaks were victims of that .Ukraine — Ed.) have been arranged in Moscow, dom to them without craft or reserve. But that is tragic fact. Kyiv, and other towns. an indispensable condition! Everything depends on whether or not the res­ With that poems specially adapted to the treaty Once more: there is no victory over bolshevism ponsible politicians will bring forth moral strength of Pereyaslav in the spirit of Soviet imperialism without the help of the captive nations! enough to overcome this contradiction. It is ne- were recited. — Any assistance welcome! Number 3/4 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Page 7

Dr. Baymirza Hayit: Orient Between Democracy and Communism

Dr. Hayit, member of our editorial staff and authorized representative of the matic representatives. The communist propaganda National Turkestanian Unity Committee (N.T.U.C.), recently toured the Orient and slogan: “Life in the Soviet Union means Paradise, describes his impressions below. and our Moslem brothers there are much better off than we are“ , did not only persuade the lower On my tour through Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Jor­ Being in such position, Syria is highly esteemed classes. There were even some influential Moslem dan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan, I gained by the Arabian states because it is one of the priests who preached that the Moslems in the the impression that the Orient, despite advancing dynamic forces of the Arabian world and has added Soviet Union, especially in Turkistan, live free and Western and communist views, has maintained its greatly to the development of the Arabs. Its capi­ independent. The Western Powers try to enlighten peculiarity. tal, Damascus, is one of the spiritual centres of the population by informative papers, yet their European civilization has brought about changes Islam. In the period of the French mandate and at actions are held up by the communists as Anglo- in the outward way of living and thoughts there, the time when the republic was created, the in­ American imperialistic propaganda. Not regarding only to a certain extent, because people in the fluence of the diverse western views made itself the communist propaganda tricks, the Syrian Re­ Orient have always striven at maintaining their strongly felt. At the same time the dynamic power public is well able to protect itself against com­ tradition and civilization. It is the strength proper of communism increased also, while its followers munist agitation and influence as the Syrian people of the people there that they try to cultivate their continuously tried to provoke riots and to stir is aware that all play with communism jeopardizes tradition without losing contact with the latest de­ discontent with the government. Though success their existence, indeed, the existence of Islam. velopment of the world outside. The different ways was poor, they persistently pursued their plans of of thinking and living in the Orient as compared throwing the country into anarchy. These en­ Lebanon — Center of Communist Intrigues with western democracy and eastern communist to­ deavours were backed by the Soviet Russian diplo- Lebanon, or as the Lebanese call it: the Switzer­ talitarianism help those peoples to cling to their land of the Orient, is the meeting-place of all out­ religion and ancient culture. Those over 200 million standing figures of the Islamic world. At the same people living between the Straits and the Pamir time it is the centre of communist agitation in the Mountains, strongly united by their common Is­ A.B.N. CONGRESS Orient. An outsider coming to Beirut, will notice lamic creed, play an important role in the de­ at once that pro-communist propaganda is stronger At its meeting on February 15, 1954, the cisions taken in world politics. there than anti-communist. Those who are hostile Presidency of the People's Council and the Both, the people in the West and the Russian to communism, are relatively passive. Most of them Central Committee of the A.B.N. decided to communists in the East, are well aware of the hold the view that Russian communism will never convoke the A.B.N. Congress for significance of the Orient. The West as well as rule Lebanon entirely since the distance between Saturday March 27, 1954, in Munich. Russia do their best to strengthen their respective the two countries is too great. This calm self-re­ The conference, which is held according to influences and to secure their positions in those liance of some Lebanese as to the prospects of com­ countries. Russian communism proceeds to use such the articles, will last three days, and will munism broke down when, after the visit of the of its outworn catchwords as “ full sovereignty to have to clarify important questions of the day, American State Secretary, Foster Dulles, the the peoples, freedom of religion, security of the apart from its general task. communists showed their true face in an anti- social order, inviolability of customs and manners“ . Proposed Agenda American demonstration. Counter-measures taken thereupon by the government cannot change the It furthermore frankly acts against the West with 1. Day hatred-creating propaganda, founding at the same fact that the communists are now going to make time illegal communist agent centres in order to 1. Opening speech (President Veli Kajum the trade unions pliant to their “ revolutionary corrupt the nations from within. Simultaneously, Khan) (Honor to the fallen). aims“ . the Western Powers try to point out the dangers in 2. Reading of written salutations. From their Lebanon basis, the communists try communism. They consider Islam a bulwark, strong 3. Speeches of welcome. to disunite the Arabian states. They aim further­ enough to stem communist ideology. And right 4. Short speeches by the chief national dele­ more at stirring up opposition between the Mos­ they are. The Russians, on the other hand, try to gates. lems and Christians in Lebanon who had hitherto insinuate to the oriental peoples that there is no 5. Survey on aims and activity of the A.B.N. lived peaceably side by side. I cannot help feeling difference between Islam and Communism and, (President of the C.C. Yaroslav Stetzko). that Lebanon has turned into a communist centre therefore, the two were to confront western im­ 6. “Ten years A.B.N.“ — a concluding speech of intrigues for the Near East. (M. von Alshibaya). perialism together. These are the circumstances Jordan — Trouble for the Arabs under which the Islamic peoples are bound to 2. Day The Hashimite Kingdom Jordan, with its half a defend their national interests and to protect their 1. Reading of the minutes of the last mee­ million inhabitants, is the smallest state of the existence. Additionally it must be noted that each ting of the Peoples’ Council. Arabs. Having been under English mandate from particular people in the Orient has problems and 2. Report on the political activity of the C.C. 1921 it became independent in 1946. It is a poor troubles of its own and quite naturally tries to get of the A.B.N.: ex-Minister of Ukraine, country and, therefore, depends on England’s sup­ rid of them first. President of the C.C., Yaroslav Stetzko; port. Since most of its territory borders on Pales­ Chairman of the Political Commission, Turkey Immediately Threatened tine, it suffered most from the consequences of Yeli Kajum Khan, President of the Natio­ the Palestine war. The frontier incidents that nal Turkestanian Unity Committee; Pre­ The Turkish people has been forced for centur­ occurred time and again, were a nerve test for the sident of the Information Commission, Sec­ ies to protect itself against Russian aggression, as Jordanian population and government. Most of the retary of State, retired, Dr. D. Waltsdieff, Russia has striven to become master of the Straits Arabian refugees from Palestine are in Jordan, liv­ time and again. Kemal Ataturk’s young republic, Member of the Presiding Committee of the ing under hard economic conditions. too, was threatened by the bolshevik Russian inten­ Bulgarian National Front; President of the There is no effect of communist propaganda tion to make Turkey a Soviet Republic. The Turks Commission for International Relations, worth mentioning in Jordan although the commun­ clearly perceived from the beginning that com­ Prof. F. Durcansky, Minister retired, Pre­ ists, from Syria and Lebanon, tried to harness the munism was nothing but a modification of Russian sident of the Executive Council of the poverty of the population for their aims. imperialism. So they endeavoured to keep off every Slovak Liberation Committee; Chief of the kind of communist influence in Turkey. The decid- A.B.N.-Buro, Prince Niko Nakasliidze; Remodelling of Egypt edness of the Turks to do everything for the main­ Member of the Presiding Committee of the When General Naguib seized the power in Cairo, tenance of their national independence made them Georgian National Organization. the world abroad took it for a military coup d’etat. a strong bulwark against Russian communism in the On the activity of the Military Commission Considering the situation on the Nile closer, one Near East. The Turks have ever distrusted Russia. of the A.B.N. and on the military situation will find that it was nothing of the kind, hut a They are of the opinion that Turkey has never in general, President of the Hungarian long-prepared revolution directed against absolut­ created provocative situations, but that they are Liberation Movement and the Military ism, social disorder, and corruption. General Na­ determined to defend themselves against a possible Commission of the A.B.N., General F. Far- guib had the support of the masses when he carried Russian attack with all their strength. You will kas de Kisbarnak, retired. out his revolution. First and foremost, it was the never notice fear of Russia among the Turks. They On the activity in organization, Secretary- “ Moslem Brotherhood“ that stood out from among are full of self-reliance and full of love of their General, Dr. Ctibor Pokorny. the crowd. It was an association of more than country. 3. Composition of the Committees for the 2 million members which was banned by ex-King Communist Russia has tried all possible means articles, electoral propositions, and reso­ Faruk and has been prohibited by General Naguib to trickle communist ideology into Turkey, but in lutions. even now. vain. These attempts as well as defensive measures Interval Upon the revolution, Soviet Russia intended a on the Turkish side, are still under way. It is 4. Discussion of the account and discharge Red Dominion for the land on the Nile. Counting amazing how intrepidly the Turks take measures from responsibility. on the revolution entailing a chaos, the situation against communism, although they are exposed im­ 5. Lecture on political principles and drafted was to he used to oust Naguib’s government. The mediately to the rays of Soviet Russia; although articles. real course of events, however, disappointed all simultaneously their neighbour peoples live under 6. Discussion and voting on articles. Soviet hopes. The Republic was proclaimed and a communist dominion; although communist in­ program for abolishing social disorder was drawn Interval fluence is becoming stronger and stronger in all of up. Europe. 7. Re-election of the A.B.N. organs. The communists’ intention to seize power in 8. Resolutions and freedom manifesto (draft). Syria in the Grip of Communist Propaganda Egypt by a coup d’etat was frustrated. The course 9. Discussion and vote. of the government of the Republic became clear The Syrian Republic, bordered by Turkey, Le­ 10. Eventualities. when General Naguib dissociated himself from the banon, Jordan, and Irak, is of great significance 3. Day communists from the beginning and had their for the mutual relations between these countries. Press Conference. (Continued on Page 8) Page 8 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Number 3/4

Orient Between Democracy and Communism their influence on the population. In doing so they (Continued from Page 7) utilize the difficult economic conditions and the misery of the refugees to their advantage. Pakis- movement supervised. The young democracy has munist propaganda. I should say that Saudi-Arabia tanian communists are devoted servants to Mos­ seen through the communist revolutionaries in is the only country among the Arabian states that cow. Beside the communist activity there is an time. In the trial against the communist conspira­ has realized the threatening danger of communism anti-communist movement. The government wants tors in Cairo (August 1953) it became quite ob­ in time and hence endeavours to prevent any in­ to protect itself against communist advances to vious that communism will never be tolerated in filtration from that side. power; on the other hand, the communist party is Egypt since it stands in opposition to Islam. It was permitted to act freely. emphasized on that occasion that, although Soviet Pakistan — Great Power of Islam Union plays herself off as a protector of the Egypt­ Equal Rights for Common Cause ian communists, the Moslim people in the Soviet The young state of Pakistan, the Great Power of Union are brutally oppressed by Moscow. Islam, with its 70 to 80 million population, is facing Summarizing I must say that communism aspires Cairo, as the residence of the Arabian League, serious problems abroad and at home. It is direct­ after domination in the Near East; and the Soviet is of particular significance for the consolidation ly threatened in the north by Red Russia and in Union has a hand in the business, to be sure. But of the policy of the Arabian states. That is why the north-east by Red China. The Kashmir conflict the Orient resists communism and we need not he voices from Cairo have always been promptly echoed with India, the territorial claims of Afghanistan on afraid that the latter will gain the upper hand, in the other Arabian nations. There is also in Cairo Patanistan (northern regions of Pakistan) hamper even not in those countries which are not able as the famous Muslem University, “ Al-Azhar“ , where the normal development of so young a state. Des­ yet to settle their social problem entirely and the prospective Islamic priests are educated and pite all foreign political problems, we can state finally. The weak point in the Orient is not the which, for that reason, is of great importance to the with satisfaction that Pakistan enjoys much sym­ social conditions which the communists might make world of Islam. pathy among the Islamic countries. Its rank within use of for their own purposes, as some experts in The Egyptians defy every kind of communism. the Islamic world and its significance in world poli­ the West think. The dangerous point is that they That accounts for their genuine compassion with tics is definitely increasing. are not ranked equal to all the others, that their all the peoples oppressed. An “ Association for As in foreign politics, Pakistan has to overcome mentality is disregarded and their problems are Attaining Independence for the Oppressed Islamic great difficulties in home politics too. One of the ignored. The fight of.the peoples in the Orient Peoples“ has been founded in Cairo, presided over most difficult tasks is the incorporation of about must be supported from outside, for each country by His Excellency Terazi and the Sheikh of “ Al- 18 million refugees from India. To a state with has to bear a sackful of its own troubles. Azhar“ , Medresse. The association acts as advocate neither industry nor skilled workers at the time of The people in all the countries I toured took for the oppressed Moslem peoples. its creation, such demands must appear almost im­ much interest in the fate of Turkistan, oppressed practicable. But now, after a seven years’ existence, by Moscow. But many people in the Orient do Radically Anti-Communist Saudi-Arabia Pakistan possesses its own textile industry, strong not know as yet what game Soviet Russia is playing Gold treasures and oil wells made Saudi-Arabia military forces, and a heavy industry just rising. in her Islam policy. The soil is prepared for anti­ one of the most wealthy Arabian countries. Ad­ It has six universities, numerous technical schools communist propaganda in the Orient since there ditionally, due to its sacred town Mecca, it is the and grammar schools. About one thousand news­ is much understanding for the claim to freedom of centre of the Islamic world. The founder of the papers and magazines are published. Even the every people — no matter if small or big. Saudi-Arabian kingdom, King Ibn Saud, who died serious problem of the refugees is on the way to be settled. None of us must disregard the importance of the last November, enjoyed particular popularity be­ Islamic Orient in a forthcoming great contest be­ cause, among other reasons, he benevolently listen­ Pakistan is no national state hut a pure Islamic state. So said the chairman of the Islam World tween freedom and slavery. The people in the ed to all the troubles and desires of his subjects Orient must know for certain that they are equal who came to him, no matter of which race. He Conference and Vice-Chancellor of the Karachi University: Professor Halem, when I had a talk partners of the West and that their natural rights cared much more for the welfare of his people than are guaranteed correspondingly. for the strengthening of his power. Thus, for ex­ with him. He pointed out: “ It is Pakistan’s pecu­ ample, and underground pipe-line system was built liarity that it consists of a mixture of all Islamic The peoples in the Orient are our natural allies for water supply, hospitals and modern dwellings peoples such as Arabs, Persians, Turks, and In­ in our fight for freedom. And Turkistan with its were erected and gradually he tried and moderniz­ dians; therefore, Islam is the fundament of the top liberation organization, the National Turkes- ed the country. His successor, King Saud, wants to State of Pakistan.“ tanian Unity Committee (N.T.U.C.), will build the follow his father’s example. In Pakistan as well the communists try to exert bridge. Millions of Moslems wander to Mecca every year. It requires careful preparations and much willing­ ness to maintain order among these masses. But the Saudi-Arabian government solved this task in an exemplary manner. Each particular group of The Situation in Georgia pilgrims gets a guide of its own who takes over the care of them. During that time even the Royal Authentic Report sons are occupied in helping to manage the or­ ganization. The office of the Georgian Socialist Party Abroad has received news direct from Georgia. These orthodox Mecca pilgrims are joined by The letter is dated October 25, 1953. The contents have been published in the magazine “ La communists who, as supposed pilgrims, observe the Georgia Combattante“ , Paris, and below toe give some extracts from it. — Ed. religious rites precisely, but sow the seeds of their own propaganda. In August 1953, 18 envoys of that “ . . . The crisis in the country is affecting the expects to rule the censured Georgian communist sort came to Mecca from Turkistan and Kazan. towns. Workers and industrial employees are in party with these people.“ Dressed in their national costumes they attracted great material distress. Constant scarcity of food “ . . . The maxim of the Kremlin to-day is to special attention. They wanted to demonstrate that and impossible living conditions make it out of wear down the national republics and subdue them religion was absolutely free in the Soviet Union. the question to fulfil the norms, to increase pro­ completely. Their Russification is in full swing in In fact, they were best trained communist agents, duction, and supply the country districts with the the whole Soviet Union. Of course it is not only having been trained in Moscow for three months necessary household objects. the communists who are deposed but thousands of prior to their start by airplane to Mecca. They Discontent among the workers is growing and intellectuals and experts have been dismissed, for were charged to show the Soviet Union’s “ Will to the Beria affair has shown 1) that the Soviet Union Peace“ and to speak about the “ national and reli­ demonstrations by the workers in the whole Union are not unusual. They no longer fear reprisals. is an artificial structure, into which the non-Rus­ gious freedom“ existing there. Their leader was sian peoples have been squeezed by force. To tame Ziyaviddin Mahsum Babahan, the son of the Red They are somehow more courageous than before and that causes the Kremlin some anxiety. On them and make them pliable after Beria’s pre­ Mufti in Turkistan. He was accompanied by top scription is impossible. functionaries of the Communist Party and the Se­ July 30, this year the hands in the machine tool cret Police. When I had a talk with them Ziyavid­ factory, the shoe factory and the Stalin railway 2) The Kremlin believes that war is in the offing. din said: “ We pray for peace and prosperity and workshops in Thbilissi, drew up their complaints The position inside the country must he streng­ that Allah may expel all English and American im­ and demanded normal food rations, or they would thened, for it has been proved that the non-Russian perialists and their followers from the Islamic go on strike. The government, of course, put these peoples are unreliable when there is international countries.“ They tried to bring home to the other proceedings down to political unrest; the leading tension. For that reason they must be welded with pilgrims that there was no difference between Com­ workmen were arrested and declared to he foll­ the Russians and their intelligentsia removed. In munism and Islam. They unceasingly spoke of that owers of Beria, although the Kremlin very well the frontier districts they have began registering “ wonderful life“ in the Soviet Union, resp. in Tur­ knows that he was as much hated by the workers the population, especially in Transcaucasia. The kistan. But they met with distrust everywhere and of the capital of Georgia — Thbilissi, as Malen­ object behind this action is preparation for de­ were unable to fulfil their task. Newspapers in kov and his group. It is significant that after this portation to Siberia, or Central Russia. Officially Cairo • reported that these agents had been tried revolt of the working people the food distribution it is put down to economic planning and re­ after their return to Moscow. They were charged impoved. It is said the supply came from army construction. with having failed to act in the spirit of the Soviet stores. To eulogize “ the elder brother“ , — Russia, is a Union and with having taken up connections with It is firmly alleged that the president of the duty. And woe to him, who says anything detrimen­ foreign anti-bolshevik elements. Save during those government Valerian Bakradze, has fallen a vic­ tal of the Russians! It is not surprising therefore propaganda campaigns at the time of pilgrimage, tim to these demonstrations. He has been followed that the prisons are crowded, above all with young the Saudi-Arabian government radically proceeds by a whole series of communists who came into people, for insults against the Russians“ . against communism. They know it is the most power on the fall of Beria. In Bakradze’s stead, “ As you see we are going through a hitter, powerful enemy of Islam and know that the com­ G. Djavakhishvili the chairman of the Town Coun­ thorny time. But we do not lose hope, for we be­ munists deny God. From the fact that Saudi-Arabia cil of Thbilissi, was appointed. A perfectly in­ lieve that the free world will at last realize what entertains no diplomatic relations with Soviet Rus­ effectual person, a nonentity, hut a faithful servant perilous danger threatens; and then, so we hope, sia we can learn that it will sternly combat any to Moscow, a bolshevik slave. As Party Secretary, will come Moscow’s fall and our rescue. It de­ attempt of the communists to strengthen their in­ a certain Mjavanadze, has been called who is ab­ pends very much on the West, but many people fluence in Saudi Arabia or even to make any com­ solutely unknown, but brutal and cruel. Moscow here believe that the West will once more save (Continued on Page 9) Number 3/4 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Page 9

way of hunting cannot keep up with that of rifles. Thus the furs hunted did not suffice to pay the Genocide in Siberia living, let alone powder and shot. The half-starved Yeniseians had to eat the inner hark of trees. Unknown Facts of Russian Bolshevik Nationality Policy in North Siberia Weakened as the people were, terrible diarrheas broke out. I was mournfully told that thus half of By Dr. Hans Findeisen the Yeniseians along the Stony Tunguska were swept away! As a German ethnologist who has been dealing with the nationalities in the U.S.S.R. for more than 30 years, I ivill be admitted to be not entirely uninformed about this problem. I rely not They Say Friendship and Mean Extirpation ! only on extended literary studies but also on experiences in the U.S.S.R. itself ivhich I toured The most dreadful point of those terrible times for at a time ivhen the political situation allowed central Europeans to pursue private research on the dependent natives is one of psychologic nature. the spot. The object of my travel ivas to study the civilization of the little hunting and fishing There, too, Russian functionaries were actively people of the Yenisei Ostyaks in the Turukhan land ivhich is situated along the middle and preaching a new religion of general charity and lower Yenisei. It was not long after my arrival that I discovered a number of facts ivhich did economic justice, also to the natives. One can not show the new Soviet policy towards the non-Russian nationalities in a favourable light. imagine the feelings with which the latter, due to (The Author.) their experiences, met the new Russian ruling class. And they made no secret of their not ab­ 50 percent of the Yeniseians starve to death furs supplied the natives in autumn on credit with solutely friendly views when they talked with me. all goods required for the winter hunting season Once they told me that when the Russians con­ I have a competent book by L. N. Dobrova- including rifles, gunpowder, small shot, and bullets. quered their land the Christian priests burned the Yadrinceva lying before me, published in Novo- The accounts were settled in spring time after the drums of their shamans, i. e. the ceremonial in­ nikolayevsk in 1925 under the title “ Tuzemcy turu- season. The new bolshevik local officials, however, struments of their own inrooted priesthood, thereby khanskogo kraya“ (The natives of the Turukhan cancelled the system and delivered powder and provoking a still alive aversion to the Russian con­ land). It gives the total of Yenis.eians in 1921/22 at 1,389. Table I gives an even higher figure, namely 1,465. This latter figure is the result of the census in 1920/21. We are favourable enough to have the results of a new local census in 1926/27 at our disposal, published in two volumes in Krasnoyarsk in 1928 under the title, “ Materialy pripolyarnoy perepisi 1926/27 gg v Sibirskom Kraye“ (Materials of a polar region census in 1926/27 in Sibkray; Sibirsky Kray is the name of a wide administrative district then existing). But looking at the figures given for the Yeniseians we are no doubt surprised. In 1926 there were only 751 of all the Yeniseians left, 380 male and 371 female! As compared with 1920/21, 714 souls are missing! Where are they? My informants of tlie Hence nearly 50 percent of the Yeniseians perish­ Yeniseian tribe living ed between 1921 and 1926! Those stark figures are along the Stony Tun­ concealing the reality of a dreadful tragedy that guska. They survived has never been duly treated in literature. A little the catastrophous fa­ hint at the reasons for that catastrophous decim­ mine, planned by the ation of the Yeniseians is given in the preface to Soviets, that robbed the work by Mrs. Dobrova-Yadrinceva. It says that half of tlicir fellows. she made her studies through an auxiliary ex­ pedition that was designed to provide the natives (Photo of the author) of the Turukhan land with food. The surrendering of certain portions of food to each eater, it says, was a suitable means to count the population quite precisely. That is to say: the natives of the Turu­ khan land were starving! Yet this otherwise so meritorious work does not say a word about why they had to starve. As a matter of fact, famine small shot only against furs. But how should the querors. And these barbarities were done by a new haunted the polar regions again and again. About Yeniseians shoot squirrels and the like if they had Russian ruling class to the detriment of a peonle this fact we have been well informed already by no powder? The new communist commercial red- with which a number of wrongs should have been older Russian authorities. tapists did not in the least care about that question. made up for as speedy as possible. Instead, under In the collective work published by I. S. Melnik Even food was given to the natives only against the false pretence of bringing salvation, those “ Siberia, her present condition and needs“ (Sil)ir’, newly hunted furs. Since all supplies provided for members of a so-called “ civilized people“ , gave vent eya sovremennoe sostoyanie i eya nushdy, St. Pe­ a respective season had been consumed, the natives to down-right demonic, archaic aggressions against tersburg, publisher A. F. Devrien), the well-known suddenly faced the growing menace of famine. I a technically too poorly equipped colonial people. Russian ethnologist and archeologist D. Klemenc learned that they were forced to use bows and With chauvinistic and brutal arrogance a “ herren- pointed out that he had observed personally the arrows for hunting. Of course, the output of that volk“ in possession of the power extirpated with­ brutal encroachments of the local Russian peasants out much scruple nearly half of a small, but gifted on the Siberian natives as early as 1908. hunting people which was at the verge of dying One might presume with much justification that out anyhow. It was rescued from entire obliteration the October Revolution would have given the by the uncommon bravery of its men and women deathblow to such mean usage of the Siberian Rus­ who took up bows and arrows to preserve them­ sians towards the natives. Natives as well as Rus­ selves where others would have completely fallen sians had been released from Russian officialdom into despair. or were about to be so. It should have been the The Yeniseians, like all old North-Asian peoples, first care of the bolshevists, representing the cultivate an expressly spiritualistic civilization “ people“ , to supersede the really existing “ ex­ which makes every kind of materialism appear ploitation“ of natives, by a system of fraternal stale. It is a matter of course that, regarding co-operation as speedily as possible. organization, these peoples were overcome by a What the Yeniseians of the Stony Tunguska told power footing on a vast territory, whereas among me, however, about the first bolshevik influence the old Siberian peoples the highest grade of social in their fate, sounded regrettably different. In the organization is represented by the kin, i. e. a re­ region of the Siberian hunting peoples an economic latively small group of consanguinary families. system had become customary according to which Still I do not approve of regarding the subjection the private Russian dealer and purchaser of the of kin people to state people as a principal “ pro­ gress“ . Only those who adore a primitive philo­ (Continued from Page 8) sophy of power — so gladly associated with a state the Kremlin. That the West will help the Kremlin idea resting on the territorial principle — can take to overcome the internal political and economic the consolidation and expansion of power in itself crisis again, and that would he cleverly and psy­ for something “ good“ . West-European, Tsarist, or chologically used to its own advantage. Soviet imperialism — they are all children of the Should that happen Moscow would raise its same mother. claims beyond all bounds and war would be in­ There are people, however, who are of opinion evitable.“ * that there ist no Soviet imperialism at all, hut that According to Soviet sources the Associated Press in the U.S.S.R. there is an insurpassable “ friend­ (A. P.) reports on February 2, 1954, that in ship“ of all peoples, with equal rights and equal Ukraine, Turkistan, Azerbaidjan, Armenia, Geor­ duties. That this view does not in the least corre­ gia, etc. thousands of party functionaries have He knows how to use hows and arrows. Perhaps he will spond with the facts is duly proved by the whole been dismissed. In Georgia alone more than 3,000 need his knowledge to survive bolshevik “economic history of that state structure of materialistic pattern. communists have been removed from office. measures . (Photo of the author) Even the first Russian bolshevik moves on Siberian (Continued on Page 10) Page 10 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Number 3/4

How Bolsheviks Solve the Nationality Problem called “ Soviet Republics“ . They all got the status of autonomous territories within the U.S.S.R. Sett­ ling the nationality problem the bolshevists prefer­ (Continued from Page 4) of new Russia’s triumph over the old“ . True — on red the principle of “ territorial autonomy“ to that Does that mean an at least partly positive solu­ reading Stalin’s speech further one will find pas­ of “ cultural autonomy“ . And they knew, why. Cul­ tion of the nationality problem? No! The bourgeois sages like this: “ Russia has gathered the peoples tural autonomy entitles the respective people to its proprietors are only exchanged for proletarian — of the Soviet Republics around her to display a peculiar cultural life. And wherever a member of the new Russian imperialists (“ . . . to make the model of world-wide U.S.S.R.“ But, if it is a model this people may be, he is entitled to represent this resources of bourgeoisie those of the proletariat“). of ivorld-wide U.S.S.R., we know without further culture. A Ukrainian living in Moscow, for instance, Stalin makes it still clearer that the bolshevists investigation that it is the model of a Russian would be permitted to speak Ukrainian without utilized the nationality problem as a means to ivorld empire. being blamed for a “ boorish“ language or being preserve Russian imperialism and that the right to And now some remarks on the methods of this ostentatiously not understood. In that case the self-determination was a vile trick: “ I may admit a policy: Ukrainian army would not only speak Ukrainian, nation’s right to secede, hut that does not mean In order to cloak their real aims and to attain too, but furthermore would have been trained ac­ that I oblige it to do it. The peoples have a right them the easier, the bolshevists proclaimed the cording to the examples of Ukrainian history. to secession, but they might waive it under cer­ class struggle. Class struggle is the practical form tain circumstances“ (Stalin’s speech at the 7th The bolshevists, however, choose “ territorial of the revolution. This is why Lenin writes: “ Social Party Conference). In plain words: If a particular autonomy“ . And Stalin gives the reasons: “ It (ter­ democracy, as a party of the proletariat, considers secession is of some use for the Russian imperial­ ritorial autonomy) does not divide men into na­ istic plans, it may he conceded, if not, it is to be tions and does not strengthen national partition denied. Further comment superfluous. walls; just the contrary —■ it breaks down all na­ The Will of the Bulgarian Emigrants tional particularism and knits the population in Their Aim is World Domination! layers . . . Territorial autonomy renders it possible “ National Bulgaria“ , the organ of the Bul­ to exploit the local minerals and to develop Now the question remains to be answered if it garian National Front, published an appeal of local productive forces in the best possible way“ is correct to identify bolshevism with Russian im­ the organization in No. 1/2 of January/Febru­ (“ Marxism and the Nationality Problem“ ). perialism; this amounts to the question: What is the objective of the proletarian revolution? — ary 1954 from ivliich we quote the following: We see that Stalin has every reason to write so Lenin explains it: “. . . there is a difference be­ “To appeal to our entire emigration in all much on behalf of “ territorial autonomy“ . Great tween the target of the P.P.S. (Polish Socialist countries in the world, no matter to what benefits are involved. For instance: Party) — destruction of Russia — , and our aim — political party they belong, to agree upon 1. The state (Moscow) is authorized to disperse overthrow of autocracy“ / (Lenin: “ The Nationali­ a common memorandum on the above ques­ people of any nation everywhere and to force them ty Problem in Our Program). For Lenin the point tion, which is to be submitted to the United to comply with the intentions of the majority (i. e. was not the liberation of the peoples from oppres­ Nations, to all organizations concerned with Russian intentions). sion, but a change in form, in order to replace the the support of the resistance fight of the 2. The state is authorized to institute in the ter­ imperialist power of autocracy by the imperialistic emigres from countries behind the Iron Cur­ ritories state (resp. socialist) language, school, cul­ power of a dictatorship of the Russian proletariat. tain and to the public of the entire free world, ture, and so on. The respective people is not enti­ Lenin’s disciple Stalin certified this, saying that in order to ask for the constitution of a true tled to resist since that would he a “ defence of “ Russian revolution has rescued the empire from and worthy Bulgarian representation in exile, national partition walls“ or just “ an unsuitable ruin“ (“ Essays and speeches on Ukraine“ ). What consisting of representatives, of all demo­ demand“ . does that mean? In 1917/18, as we all know, almost cratic national elements in exile, of qualified 3. All industrial centres (plants, mines) can be all subjugated peoples seceded from Russia thus men from Bulgarian church, army, of cultural subordinated directly to the state, as has been done tearing the Russian empire asunder. So we may and economic life. As to the platform of this in Ukraine, in the Donets and Kryvy Rib coal pot. express Stalin’s thoughts in the following words: national representation the Bulgarian Na­ Now, that will do. The revolution has preserved the Russian empire tional Front proposes the following basic by forcibly re-subjugating all the peoples seceded. principles: There was some reason why, at the first Soviet Each People its own State! Congress of December 30, 1922, on the occasion of 1) Uncompromising fight against Com­ Finally we must not overlook Stalin’s remarks the constitution of the U.S.S.R., Stalin declared munism and all branches of Communism in on the different forms of autonomy: “ Soviet auto­ triumphantly: . . . “ The present day is . . . the day close cooperation with the Western Powers, in order to free our country from the Com­ nomy includes manifold forms and grades, from munist regime and from Soviet Russian supre­ a close administrative autonomy (Volga-Gcrmans, (Continued from Page 9) macy and to prevent any possible dictator­ Chuvaslis, Carelians) its scope readies to a broad ground aimed at exterminating the peoples of non- ship in the future. political autonomy (Bashkirs, Tartars, Kirgises) Russian spiritualistic civilization in the most spedious and on to an even wider form (Ukrainian, Turkes- 2) Re-establishment of the constitution of tanian) and finally to the highest form of auto­ way. By assuming the likewise aggressive and philo­ Tirnovo as a guarantee for true democracy, sophically primitive, materialistic sciences with nomy, namely treaty relations (Azerbaijan). This for national freedom and independence, so­ elasticity of Soviet autonomy is one of its outstand­ which the Russian “ progressive“ intelligentsia of cial peace and a peaceful political develop­ that epoch would identify itself, Soviet imperialism ing advantages, because it is possible, thereby, to ment, maintaining the unity of the people and embrace the variety of Russian peoples“ (“ The has become the greatest and most inexorable excluding all class-differences. enemy to all non-materialistic and hence all non- National Problem in Soviet Policy“ ). Russian national civilizations of the Soviet Euras­ 3) Refutation of the calumnious campaign The fact that there are autonomies and that there ian sphere. against the historical policies of Bulgaria for is a centre, makes it clear that there are also dif­ national self-maintenance and unification, in ferent ranks of peoples. If that is true the question No Chance for Anti-Religious Campaign order to win the confidence of the West in the rises whether such a state system is a federation Bulgarian people as a basis for the balance of peoples with equal rights or just a usual empire. Even the “ prehistoric“ Yeniseians had no dif­ of power and peace on the Balkans. Stalin certainly has some reasons for not mention­ ficulties in realizing the above, mentioned fact. 4) A guarantee of Bulgaria’s territorial ing this point anywhere . . . There was nothing to I remember a talk so well that I had with a tall, he mentioned after all since the Russian Socialist calm man who mentioned an affair which bothered integrity and of her position in the planned regional and continental integrations through Federal Soviet Republic (R.S.F.S.R.) is the centre all the Yeniseians. He told me he had heard of from where those forms of Soviet autonomy are men calling themselves “ Cosmolzy“ (he meant the participation of the Bulgarian exile-represen­ regulated according to the respective opportunities Komsomolcy — members of the Komsomol). Those tation in the international initiatives and for the Russian imperialistic plans. “cosmolzy“ intended to extirpate the belief in God institutions.“ everywhere, also with them. The idea of being no It is true that, in dealing with the nationality longer allowed to believe in God (Ees, the embodi­ problem, the bolshevists deviated far from tsarism. it its prime positive task to lend a helping hand to ment of the heavens, the creator and preserver of They made skilful use of the variety of Russian self-determination not of a particular people or men and animals) was so terrible to the Yeniseians peoples when they preserved and consolidated the nation, but of the proletariat of all nations. It is that the worried man asked me whether they could Russian empire by setting up “ autonomous Re­ in the interest of this struggle, that all claims must obtain weapons from Germany: like the Tsar who publics“ and “ Soviet Republics“ . But it is not to he be subordinated . . And “ A marxist cannot admit once began a war in order to find out which creed understood, that we defend the idea of a “ cultural the right to national self-determination hut under was the better, they would take up arms to contest autonomy“ . Neither cultural nor territorial auto­ the above condition“ (“The Nationality Problem the “ cosmolzy“ . And then they would see that God nomy can afford all that which is required for a would not leave them in the lurch. in Our Program“ ). people’s life and development. We continue to This firm faith in the spiritual origin of the This is not new. It is only another version of the maintain that there arc no peoples and will never cosmos as illuminated in our talk, is it not touching old proverb, “divide and rule“ . he, which want to stay within a “ whole“ . We have in its upright and non-compromising clearness? dealt with this problem for the sole purpose of The ideology of my friends in the wild forests Stalin Knew Why “Territorial Autonomy“ showing from all sides the true face of bolshevik along the lower Yenisei who let the world be the And now we must consider the question which imperialism. Our conclusions shall add to the proof result of the creative spiritual power of the rights the bolshevists are ready to grant to those that for our subjugated peoples there is no differ­ “ heavens“ is ever so superior to the foul tricks peoples which “ prefer for some reason or other to ence between bourgeois and proletarian imperial­ which the dialectic or other materialism is never stay within the whole (i. e. Russia — A. W .)“ . ism. tired of performing to us. From those, however, Still, before going into that we must ask Stalin: We reject every kind of autonomy — cultural who, once they have the power in hand, do not “ which are those peoples, actually, wanting to stav as well as territorial — as we know only too well know anything better to do with it than to leave within the whole?“ There is no answer. For all that there are no peoples or nations which would completely dependent harmless members of an peoples belonging to the U.S.S.R. have been annex­ not live in a state of their own and would prefer amiable forest people coolly to the death of famine ed by force. But let us just fancy there were such to stay “ within the whole“ , that is, to bow to an while they themselves were sitting well-fed in warm a people. What are its rights? The bolshevists grant alien yoke. Therefore, we demand a system of free Russian log-houses, from those people and their it “ territorial autonomy“ . This applies to Ukraine, national stales of all subjugated peoples, built up “ philosophy“ we can only turn with horror. Byelorussia,Armenia, and others, in short, to all so- in conformity with ethnographic principles. Number 3/4 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Page 11

Free Tribune of Science: ation and the Russian Greek-Orthodox Church as well as its entire policy of education. To give a crass example: we recollect that in the twenties the literary work of such Russian national writers as The National Tendencies in the U.S.S.R. (II) Pushkin was to be told about in Russian schools only “ from a historical standpoint“ with many The Dissolution of Russian Civilization under Bolshevik Rule and weighty “ social“ reserves, whereas in the thirties already these same reserves required spe­ By Prof. V. Derzhavyn cial justification; and in the forties they were never heard of again. All this results from the The revolution which overthrew Tsarist rule in geois-reactionary“ all-Russian civilization of the necessity to make more and more “ national-pat­ February 1917 was a favourable opportunity for upper classes; later on against the national cultures riotic“ concessions to the chauvinism of the Rus­ all non-Russian peoples and nations in the Rus­ of the non-Russian peoples re-conquerred by Soviet- sian half-educated (i. e. “ re-educated“ ) masses, in sian Empire to turn away from everything Rus­ Russia; in the second world war against the Ger­ order to keep the grip tight. sian, including “ All-Russian“ and “ National-Rus- mans and against all sorts of “ fascists“ ; after the A good bolshevist is proud of his “ genuine Rus­ sian“ forms of its imperial civilization. In general war against everything European as a whole, not siandom“ , not because he would esteem the Rus­ the chance was taken. even excluding the Jews in the Soviet Union — the sian people as such particularly high, but because In the political sphere proper, however, the non- so-called “Cosmopolites“ — who for well-com­ of the fact that it was the Russian people that Russian nations and peoples made many mistakes prehensible reasons of cultural history have always created Soviet Communism (official authorities and missed many chances between 1917 and 1920. tended to Western civilization. All these stages are say so); and because, accordingly, only genuine This applies particularly to the national state po­ hut modifications of one and the same principal Russians can be perfect Soviet communists (no licy which requires much profounder knowledge political tactic. official authorities say so, of course). All other and experience than that which was at the com­ The Russian bolshevists are Russian chauvinists aspects are fairly irrelevant. It may be doubted mand of the politically leading circles there after of the same pattern as all the other Russian chau­ whether such attitude should be called “ national“ . decades of subjugation. In cultural domain, how­ vinists: they hate foreigners pitilessly without ask­ However incredible it may sound: prior to 1917 ever, where the national will comes to light most ing whether or not their hatred is justified by every average Russian was deeply convinced that immediately and easily, in 1917 all non-Russian any national or international virtues. Thereby there was only one “ triune“ nation, with the Great- peoples of the former Tsarist Empire expressed (and not by the always “ opportunistic“ , that is Russian (i. e. Muscovite) ranking first, in a way, their desire for cultivating their national civiliz­ extremely elastic and irresponsible, tactics) they to the Small-Russian (i. e. Ukrainian) and the ation alone undisturbed by connections with the differ widely from all other Marxistic parties in Byelorussian. This fictitious picture of the three alien and only artificially nourished “ All-Russian“ Europe and come in telling neighbourhood to the “ Russian“ peoples was the fundament of the Rus­ imperial civilization. This opposition to “ Russian- Russian anarchists of Bakunin’s pattern. sian “ National Idea“ held up by the Russian state dom“ which broke through at the time could never It is a matter of course that Soviet bolshevism and faithfully accepted by the uneducated Russian he undone by any later bolshevik russifying ter­ thoroughly and repeatedly changed its tactics to­ masses though chiefly for the reason of a religious rorism. wards the “ All-Russian“ pre-revolutionary civiliz­ solidarity (that means excluding the Ukrainians Theoretically there was an opportunity also for (Continued on Page 13) the Russians to turn away from “ All Russian“ im­ perial civilization and to return to the native sources of their peculiar national or folk civiliz­ ation. This was enthusiastically propagated in the LVIV—The Western Bastion o f Ukraine first revolutionary years by a few noted Russian writers — so-called “ peasant-poets“ — with Sergey Yessenin and Nikolay Kluyev at the head; in belles- Now, when we have entered into the middle covery from their subservient position in the for­ lettres alike thoughts were advocated by Boris decade of the twentieth century, Lviv celebrates mer Polish republic. In 1848 the first Ukrainian Pilnyak who was very popular in the early twen­ the seventh centenary of its foundation. It was the political organization, the Rus’ka Rada, was esta­ ties. But the whole movement petered out. The Ukrainian King Danylo who founded the city in blished in Lviv, and a Delegation of Ukrainian reason was not so much bolshevik reprisals (Yes- 1250, designating it as the seat for his son Lev. scholars took part in the first Slav Congress in senin committed suicide partly for political re­ In this way the early castle and the settlement Prague. In 1873, thanks to the efforts of Ukrain­ asons, Klyuyev was sent to Siberia in the twenties. around it became known as Lev’s town — Lviv. ian scholars from all parts of Ukraine, the Shev­ Pilnyak disappeared without trace in the early chenko Scientific Society was founded in Lviv. It thirties), hut the lade of the object. Actually there became renowned far beyond the borders of was no native Russian folk civilization that could Ukraine and attained an important position among have been preferred to imperial “All-Russian“ civil­ the academies of the Slavonic peoples. Five years ization in European disguise. Scarce commence­ later the popular educational society “ Prosvita“ ments to bring it about were choked by the central­ came into being and its influence became supreme ists powers in Petersburg and Moscow as early as in raising the cultural, standard and national cons­ in the 17th and 18th century by sanguinary per­ ciousness of Ukrainians everywhere. secution of the “ Old-Believers“ and by the defeat Bitter feelings between the dominant Polish of the great revolts of the like-minded Cossacks minority and Ukrainian population came to a head and the peasants in the East (Razin, Pugachov). In in the cultural sphere when, at the beginning of the times to follow those tendencies were hardly the XXth century, the struggle was waged for heard of again. What the Moscow “ Slavophiles“ of tlie national character of the Lviv University after the 19th century and the grcat-Russian chauvinists the abolition of lectures in German. of the 20th called “ genuine Russiandom“ , is ac­ When in November, 1918, Austria disintegrated, tually the old tradition of Muscovite Tsardom, by the Ukrainians of Lviv and Galicia seized power no means native, hut borrowed partly from the 3t. George’s in the Eastern part of the Austrian province of Tartars of the Golden Horde and chiefly from Cathedral in Lviv, Galicia, where the Ukrainian population predomin­ Byzantium. It was fostered particularly by the re­ token of a grand ated and proclaimed the West Ukrainian National presentatives of the orthodox church education, and past. Republic in accordance with the principle of self- closely connected with a language that was known determination. (November 1, 1918). The revolt of as Old Church Slavonian and remained rather I he Polish inhabitants of Lviv, however, support­ incomprehensible for the uneducated Russian mas­ ed by Polish forces from Poland proper and French ses. The imitated European outfit of the Russian The capital of the Ukrainian state of Galicia diplomacy, resulted in the Ukrainians having to empire under Peter I and his successors was even and Volhynia was transferred to Lviv on the acces­ engage in the defensive struggle in the West, in more alien to, and hated by, the people. Since this sion of Lev, and since that time this city has addition to the fight on other fronts in the East, hatred against everything alien was the only thing played the dominant part in the life of West against the Bolsheviks and the Russian White Ar­ that the Russian masses could set against the Ukraine. mies. Undaunted by the unsuccessful struggle for “Herren-culture“ of the externally europeanized For a time Lviv became the cultural centre of freedom (1917— 1921) the Ukrainians under the upper classes, this led to a principal hatred all Ukraine. Owing to its favourable geographi­ Polish rule, and emigres from East Ukraine .con­ against every education as such. cal situation on the cross-roads between Central tinued their efforts in different form aiming at The same hatred against everything alien and and Eastern Europe and between the Baltic and the political liberation of Ukraine and. the esta­ educated characterizes Soviet Russian bolshevism: the Black seas, Lviv reached a high degree of blishment of an independent and united Ukrain­ Bolshevism took its rise from the historical coin­ prosperity, and merchants from distant corners ian State. Lviv became the arena of the first un­ cidence of the Russian popular opposition to civil­ of Europe and from the Middle East thronged the derground activities of the Ukrainian Military Or­ ization and everything non-Russian, ivith Marxian city. Germans, Poles, Armenians, Greeks, Ruman­ ganization (U.V.O.) and, since 1929, a great focus dogmatism that opposes civilization, too. Just this ians, besides Ukrainians brought their wares to of the activities of the Organization of Ukrainian is the handle for the bolshevist hold; just this is the Lviv market. Lviv became a meeting place of Nationalists (O.U.N.), above all the organization the historical key for the communist world-catas­ nations, and this is one of the reasons why that of heroic youth whose object was direct struggle trophe and the reason why the ethnic Russians are town bears so many names. Its Latin name was for full liberty for all Ukrainian territories. The necessarily the hearers of what is called “ proletar­ Leopolis, Germans called it Lemberg, Poles — reprisals on the part of the Polisli government, ian world revolution“ . In short: Bolshevism took Lwow, French — Leopol, Greeks — Leovios, etc. such as the notorious “ pacification“ in 1930, the tight hold of the Russian masses because it gives The partitions of Poland (1772, 1793, 1795) policy of suppression of Ukrainian cultural life vent to their hatred against everything alien, and brought most of Ukraine under Russian domin­ and “ polonization“ of Galicia, which was even against everything like European education. In the ation; but Lviv with Galicia, Carpathian Ukraine renamed “ Little Poland“ , intensified the Ukrain­ early revolutionary years this hatred of the mas­ and Bukovina became a part of the Austrian Habs- ian intransigence. After the short occupation of ses was directed by “Party and Government“ chief­ burg dominions. Under the rule of the Viennese Lviv by Soviet Russia (1939— 41) and the outbreak ly against the remnants of “ Western“ and “ bour­ monarchs Ukrainians began a slow but steady re­ of the war between Germany and Russia, the (Continued on Page 12) Page 12 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Number 3/4

The Day of Commemorating Russification of Slovakia and Longing On February 16, 1918, the Lithuanian National Council proclaimed the national independence of In its century-old imperialistic policy Moscow to the eastern parts of Slovakia on the grounds Lithuania. On the occasion of this national holiday still uses its proven methods. On the one hand the that there the railway employes, officials, and we wish the brave Lithuanian people that the in­ Kremlin does not forget to utilize communist workers have the chance of meeting Russian people dependent Lithuanian state may soon be restored. ideology for lulling the national consciousness of more often. We join with all our hearts the faithful comme­ the dominated peoples asleep and for disarming The action is carried out on a large scale. At moration that the Lithuanian emigres dedicate to their resistance against its despotism, and at the the state conference of the popular courses for the ever so short freedom of their native country, same time it fosters Russian chauvinism. the Russian language in Brno, it was stated that, and we hope that the free world will contribute its There is hardly another people so well able to by the end of last November, in the countries of full share to fulfil the national desire and to end harness communist ideology for extending its own Czecho-Slovakia 14, 174 popular courses for Rus­ the inhumane martyrdom of the Lithuanian people. supremacy as the Russian. In Russian hands com­ sian were held, which were attended by 221,000 To attain this goal is one of the prime objectives munism has turned into an instrument of expan­ working people. In Slovakia 2,994 such courses the A.B.N. is striving for. sion which is5 to secure the results of a ruthless with 4,500 auditors were counted. Various mea­ russification. The Russian chauvinists hold up the sures were taken within “ the Month of Czecho- International Board of Lawyers knowledge of the Russian language as a necessary slovak-Russian Friendship“ to raise the attendance in Munich means for the peoples ruled by communism to figure to 100,000. On the occasion of opening a branch of the In­ make themselves familiar with the “ valuable According to official statements there were 1,093 ternational Board of Lawyers in Munich, a meeting Soviet Russian experiences in building up social­ study circles with 16,116 attendants in the district of the board was arranged there from February 5 ism within the shortest possible time“ . They em­ of Bratislava, 708 study circles with 11,464 atten­ to 8, concluded by a reception in the Park Hotel phasize the importance of the Russian language as dants in the district of Kosice, 675 study circles on February 8. From the executive members of the “ the international language of progress and peace“ . with 10,200 attendants in the district of Zilina. board took part: Dr. A. van Dal, lawyer at the High Since 1945 Moscow has been striving systemati­ Council of the Netherlands; Dr. H. Munktell, Stock­ cally and methodically to russify Slovakia. It is holm, member of the national, assembly and one­ not surprising that daily lessons in the Russian *J- Andriy Livytsky time ambassador; American lawyers’ associations language have been made obligatory for all sorts were represented by Mr. McDonnel and others. and grades of school. Accomplishment in Russian On January 17, 1934, the president of the Dr. Theo Friedenau, Berlin, chairman of the In­ is the scale by which the individual quality for Ukrainian Democratic Republic, Andriy vestigation Board of Free Jurists, welcomed the studies and the attitude towards the regime is guests and briefly outlined the objective of the Livytsky, died aged 74, in Karlsruhe, measured. board: to investigate the deliberate unlawfulness But the Russian despots are not prepared to Germany, in exile. He was born in the district of the system in the Soviet countries on the grounds wait for decades for the realization of their in­ of Poltava on April 9, 1879. As a young stu­ of legally proved facts and to combat what appears tensions. Therefore the “ Association for Czeclio- dent he already ardently advocated the as lawlessness in Western eyes. slovak-Russian Friendship“ was allowed the task national claims of Ukraine. Owing to his Prof. R. Maurach gave a concise survey on the of conveying the knowledge of Russian to those political activity he early came into contact legal conditions behind the Iron Curtain. masses of people who are no longer in connection with such authorities of Ukrainian public life Among the guests were Dr. 0. Weinkamm, Mini­ witli the school. To this end the said organization as Symon Petlyura, Isaac Mazepa, ster of Justice; Dr. Konrad, First President of the propagates the reading of Russian hooks, news­ Obcrstes Landgericht; President of the Oberlandes- papers, and magazines, arranges evening meetings and others. gericht Dr. Wintrich; Attorney General Dr. Gros­ where only Russian is spoken. In November 1953 The Ukrainian national revolution in 1917 ser; President of the Lawyers’ Chamber, Dr. Dalm; the action “ The Soviet Book — Our Teacher and induced the then lawyer to put his uncom­ representing sciences Dr. San Nicolo Marian, Prof. Adviser in Building up Socialism“ was launched. mon capability at his fatherland’s disposal as H. Koch and Rector of the Ukrainian University In the district of Zilina alone 636 exhibitions of governor of Poltava. His outstanding effi­ Prof. Mirchuk. The A.B.N. was represented by Dr. Russian hooks were arranged. District conferences D. Balkansky and Prince Niko Nakashidze. ciency in this domain opened him the way of the readers of Soviet (that is Russian) papers It is the merit of the board that it confronts the are organized everywhere. In the district of Ko- to the post of Minister of Justice and Minister Western World with telling factual material on the marno 25 readers’ circles with 400 members have for Foreign Affairs and, later on, even to social order, i. e. lawlessness and arbitrary manners been constituted. In the Skoda works there alone that of the Prime Minister of the Ukrainian behind the Iron Curtain. 15 circles have been instituted. Republic. Popular courses in Russian are held not only After President Symon Petlyura had been Encyclopedia of Ukraine in cities, hut also in little towns, villages, factor­ assassinated by bolshevik agents in Paris in The Ukrainian scientists with the fellows of the “Shevchenko Scientific Society“ at the ies, and kolkhozes. Great importance is ascribed May 1926, Livytsky was made his sucessor head are performing a most valuable and and held that position up to his death. useful work for their subjugated people. Ukrainians of Lviv thought the moment had come The death of one of its most prominent On February 10, 1954, in Munich, the pre­ for the liberation of Ukraine. Before even the politicians who gained great merits in his sident of said society in Western Europe and Soviet army evacuated Lviv, the Ukrainian insur­ life-long struggle for the freedom and inde­ Secretary General for the whole West, Prof. gents seized power in the city on June 30th, 1941, pendence of his homeland and against Rus­ Volodymyr Kubiyovych, informed the exile-press, that a three volume Encyclopedia and proclaimed through the Lviv broadcasting sian imperialism, is a great loss for Ukraine station the restoration of Ukrainian iiulenpen- of Ukraine (General Part with 1230 pp„ and its emigrants. dence. Soon afterwards the provisional govern­ colour prints, and maps) was published ment of Independent Ukraine was formed in Lviv. recentlv. The text of this work has been Unfortunately, however, the Germans entered The study circles in the district of Presov were adapted by noted Ukrainian scientists under Ukraine with plans of their own which clashed attended by 7,000, those in the town of Lucenec the direction of Prof. Kubiyovich and Prof. most sharply with the aspirations of the Ukrain­ by 10,200. Zenon Kuzela. The encyclopedia contains an ian people. Soon, most of the members of the pro­ ethnographical map of South-West Ukraine In order to carry out the divers measures of visional Ukrainian government, with Mr. Y. Stetz- (Galicia-Halychyny) with an introduction and Sovietization and russification more successfully ko, as its head, were imprisoned by the Gestapo with every place being marked according to in Slovakia, the “ Slovakian Board of the Associa­ some of them dying in concentration camps. the composition of nationalities of its popu­ tion of Czechoslovak-Russian Friendship“ has heen Ukrainian feelings were insulted to such an extent lation. The laborious work of elaborating founded. By arranging talks this hoard endeavours that Lviv and Galicia were included in the “ Gene­ the map was performed by Prof. Kubiyovych. to bring the necessity of learning Russian home ral Gouverneinent“ of Poland. The masses of the Considering that a similar map of that region to the Slovaks. In the district of Bratislava 510 Ukrainian population, however, gave their support has not existed up to now, we must value it to the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (U.P.A.) ivhich such talks were organized. By the end of Novem­ all the higher. In our next edition we will ber 1953, 2,600 such meetings took place in the fought the unequal struggle, both against the Ger­ review it in detail. whole of Slovakia, 31 of them, for instance in mans and against the returning Bolsheviks. Even The second part of the Encyclopedia of Dubnica, under the topic “ The Importance of the after the war ended elsewhere the struggle in Ukraine, comprising four more volumes Russian Language“ . Ukraine continued, and many an unknown hero alphabetically classified (1600 pp), is' being fell in the streets of Lviv in the fulfilment of his For educating the personnel for these russifying elaborated. Another map, similar to the above national duty. On March 5th, 1950 in Bilohorshcha, activities the “ High School for a four years’ study mentioned, showing statistics of the natio­ a suburb of Lviv, the C.-in-C. of the U.P.A. Gene­ of the Russian language and literature“ has been nality groups in South-West Ukraine with ral Taras Chuprynka fell in the battle with the established in Prag. Another kind of thorough explanations, index etc., is likewise being M.V.D. troops. The struggle, however, for Ukrain­ schooling is a five years’ evening and “ at-home“ prepared. ian independence has not weakened. It continues, course. The enormous work hitherto performed and the famous Ukrainian city of Lviv plays in it It may he taken for granted that these figures could only be done thanks to the readiness a glorious part. When in 1946 the Ukrainian Ca­ of Soviet origin are not exaggerated. It is likewise for sacrifice of the Ukrainian emigres all over tholic Church of Western Ukraine was ruthlessly certain that the people are ordered to these study the world. It was a hard piece of work, to be persecuted by Moscow and its members were forced circles, hut have no mind to attend them if they accomplished without orderly archives, with­ to accept the subservient Russian Orthodoxy, when are not hound to do so. There is no doubt that the out normal working conditions and official Ukrainian Catholic Bishops headed by Metropoli­ present regime in Slovakia strains every effort to aid. This encyclopedia is an indispensible tan J. Slipyj of Lviv were arrested, deported or spread the Russian language in Slovakia generally. authority for all who study Ukraine. suffered martyrdom, Ukrainians of Lviv answered Moscow considers this a necessary premise for Orders to be sent to the publisher “Molode by resisting. The Russian occupants of Ukraine securing its power not only in Slovakia hut also in Zliytia“, Munich 2, Dachauer Strafie 9/II, lived in constant fear of justified punishment. the territory of the Danube basin. F. D. Germany. Number 5/4 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Page 13

that queer Soviet-Ukrainian “ nationalism” , and that is none other hut the ousted and executed Lavrenty A Suspicious Kind of Appreciation Beria, who emphasized in his speech at the 19th Party Congress in October 1952 the “ economic and Mr. Isaac Deutscher, the writer of the widely and the U.P.A. does not deviate in the least from cultural development and growth of the non-Rus­ known, though scientifically objectionable, bio­ the line of the Moscow press: “ Polish Ukraine was sian Republics of the U.S.S.R.“ , particularly of graphy of Stalin, is, as we know, no friend of the the homeland of an intense, truly fascist brand of Ukraine, and came to the conclusion “ there are no national liberation movements of the peoples op­ Ukrainian nationalism which began to fester (!) more backward nations among us“ . This, the pressed by Moscow in general, and of the Ukrain­ within the united Ukraine; and long after the war author means, enabled the Ukrainians to regard ians in particular. His recent comments in “ The the terrorist, fascist gangs of Bandera raided, themselves as equal to the Russians. Times“ , January 15, 1954, under “ Changes in the terrorized, and pillaged the lands between Lvov Such a degree of naivity is amazing. One can only Ukraine — 300th Anniversary of Union with and Kiev.“ wonder which of the two suppositions is more ab­ Russia“ might have attracted all the more attention. That such bolshevik slanders of Ukrainian na­ surd: to take the hangmen Beria for a defender of In the beginning the Ukrainian nationality prob­ tionalism and its liberation fight are presented “ Socialist equality“ among the peoples in the Soviet lem is dealt with according to the usual Russian- from time to time also in the countries before the Union (though during World War II and later on he friendly pattern: “ The Dnieper Cossacks were Iron Curtain and not only by Russian imperialists raged as much against the non-Russian so-called mostly ex-serfs, fugitives from the domains of the and Polish chauvinists but also by many a press “bourgeois nationalism“ , as his predecessor Yezhov Polish gentry. They lived by hunting and fishing organ in the still free world — this fact is no doubt in his time), or to believe that in Stalin’s life-time in the steppes and by carrying out raids on Crimean utterly deplorable and is a shame for the “ liberal“ Beria might have dared to utter in public a single Tartars, Turks, and Polish nobles, and by making and socialist public opinion, but it is not new and word that did not reflect faithfully Stalin’s momen­ pogroms of the Jews“ — as if “ pogroms of the would not deserve special mention. But now — tary views on nationalities. The non-committal ty­ Jews“ could have been a lasting source of existence ensuing immediately on the above condemnation pically bolshevic slogan, that “ there are no more for a population of several millions or merely for of the alleged “ truly fascist brand of Ukrainian backward nations in the U.S.S.R. thanks to the cul­ the tens of thousands of the regular Cossack army! nationalism“ — comes the sensation: tural promotion by the Soviet regime“ , could like­ The chief historical role of the Cossacks as the only “ But in part the ‘bourgeois nationalism4 now wise have been voiced by Stalin himself at any time effective protectors of the Ukrainian regions denounced (by the Kremlin — V. D.) represented of his dictatorship. against unceasing devastations and marauding ex­ a more respectable mood, namely, the legitimate That Beria, after Stalin’s death, wanted to rely peditions of the Crimean Tartars is as well con­ reaction of a culturally grown-up Ukraine against on the non-Russian elements of the Party who dis­ cealed as the social position and role of the Jews Moscow’s Stalinist tutelage.“ liked further Russification, is evident. But now he in Ukraine as tenants or stewards of the Polish According to the author’s sensational view there has been overthrown and “ extirpated“ with all his domains. Still let us listen: is indeed a “more respectable“ Ukrainian national­ followers. Still the author’s optimism mounts “ Almost until recent times the Ukrainians re­ ism which, however, lias absolutely nothing to do beyond all bounds: “The Russifiers“ — he says at mained a primitive (!) peasant people — the urban with the national liberation struggle of the Ukrain­ the end — “ appear to have come back. Yet they bourgeoisie and the working classes of the Ukraine ian emigrants or of the people in West-Ukrainian seem to have lost much of their old confidence were Russian and Jewish (here the author seems territories forcibly occupied by the Poles in 1919 (Whence did lie learn that? — V. D.). They do not to reveal a propensity for the Marxian view on to 1939. It only exists in Soviet Ukraine as the preach about Great Russian’s burden as crudely and history with its aversion to what Marx called result of the “ cultural upgrowth“ of Ukraine under loudly as they used to“ . — All those are but hollow “ idiotism of peasantry“ — V. D.) Throughout their Soviet rule, particularly of the industrialization of words which correspond only to likewise empty history the Ukrainians were incapable of forming Ukraine that the Soviets launched! The Ukrain­ phrases from the Kremlin. What the writer wants a truly independent national movement of their ians “ blessed“ that way — the author thinks — is to revive at any price the fatal phantom of a own. Revolting against Russia they hired them­ feel mature at last to decline further Russian “ possible liberalization“ of the Soviet regime in selves to the Polish gentry, to the Turkish Sultan, tutelage and to raise their own claims. Those are order to mitigate thereby the “ cold war“ against and, in more recent times, to Austro-Hungary and humble enough, by the way: “ A new mood in the Russia. Germany . . .“ Ukraine and elsewhere, a mood stronger than the Yet, his true object of interest seems to be of an­ And what about the heroic fight of the Organiza­ transitory alignments in the Kremlin, a mood other kind. Since now-a-days not even those politic­ tion of the Ukrainian Nationalists (O.U.N.) and which will continue to defy the old Tsarist and al circles in the West which are most hostile to the the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (U.P.A.) at two the recent Stalinist traditions of government and national liberation movements of the captive na­ fronts — both against the Nazi and the Soviet will demand Socialist equality.“ But not a word tions can deny or ignore them any longer, they try occupants? Apparently the author has heard about national independence of Ukraine! to belittle them. They compare the bad “ fascist“ something about it, but his opinion on the O.U.N. The author has even traced out an advocate of nationalism of the representatives of these peoples in exile with the deceitful picture of a supposed local Soviet-communist “ nationalism“ within the The National Tendencies in the U. S. S. R. Soviet Union (just the sort the Soviets longed for during the war) desiring nothing more but “ social­ (Continued from Page 11) ist equality“ . As a matter of fact, there is only one of the Greek-Catholic Church). However the Soviet Union is permanently hacked by “ Party and Gov­ kind of loyal Soviet-communist “nationalism“ in policy-of russification may he and however atro­ ernment“ in its inrooted hatred against alien the Soviet Union — the Russian. And for that “ so­ cious the corresponding Russian reprisals in things and is thoroughly corrupted by a mad cialist equality“ is nothing but its own imperialist Ukraine and Byelorussia may he — it will occur chauvinistic propaganda; furthermore, it has been expansion. to no Soviet Russian now-a-days to claim that the entirely alienated to the former “ All-Russian“ However greatly we are pleased about any pro­ Ukrainians or Byelorussians were “ Russians too“ . civilization and, by more than thirty years of gressive step in the judgement of the nationality This out-dated formula is no longer used anywhere Soviet communist “ policy of education“ , has been problem in the U.S.S.R. — be it only that even except in certain circles of the “ old“ Russian “ re-educated“ to anti-cultural and anti-moral views. hostile circles, can no longer ignore this problem emigres. Thereby, it is true, the Muscovites got What the Soviets call “ education“ (and what and have to deal with it in any, however fantastic, rid of a weighty idealistic and political error. Yet they are so proud of) comprises actually three way — on the other hand we regard the author’s the policy of the Soviet Russian state is about to things: party-political schooling, technical train­ partial acknowledgement of the justification of a entangle them in another false conclusion, namely ing, and sports. (All other things are regarded Ukrainian nationalism as a rather treacherous gift. that the Russian masses must be taken for a nation and dealt with as mere material for party pro­ We know that it aims at splitting the Ukrainian na­ fully developed since limes of old and conscious paganda). The “ cultural value“ of the first item tional forces in exile and to discrediting the genu­ of its own national character. This is to base the needs no comment. The second and the third are ine, non-compromising Ukrainian nationalism. Yet factual and, in recent times, even official supre­ no doubt parts of a normal cultural education, in his awkward way the author will hardly succeed. macy of the Russians in the U.S.S.R. As a matter but it is likewise no doubt that they are not the V. Derzhavyn of fact, this is not so. Yet, in case of a speedy essence of civilization and are therefore unsuitable appropriation of the “ All-Russian“ culture (which substitutes. Thus the ways to re-appropiating the neither the Ukrainian nor the Byelorussian lay pre-revolutionary Russian civilization are tho­ A.B.N. Addresses claim to) and of a general raising of the standard roughly blocked for the Russian people, and its the Berlin Conference of education the Russian masses had a sporting early commencements for a peculiar native civiliz­ chance to develop into a normal nation in the ation have long fallen into oblivion. In a cable to the address of the Western Foreign course of some decades. But it is just this what It may be argued that the bolshevik “ policy of Ministers in Berlin the A.B.N. warned against com­ Soviet rule rendered impossible — furthermore, education“ has been extended to all so-called Soviet promising with Russia, and expressed its determin­ it is probably too late now even if the Soviet rule Republics and has often been exerted there even ation to continue to combat tyranny, dictatorship, was overthrown. stronger. But that is just the essential difference and totalitarianism of any kind, in the name of the Why is it too late? Not because the uneducated that with the non-Russian peoples in the U.S.S.R. noblest values of mankind and in favour of national masses of the ethnic Russians, incited by the bol- every anti-cultural policy will meet with express freedom, democratic ideas, and religion. shevists for political purposes against culture and national consciousness and with a firm will to The ministers furthermore received an exhaus­ education of the former ruling classes and against preserve and cultivate the national civilization, tively proved appeal for all-round and particularly these classes as such, have raged too much against, whereas in Muscovite Russia every anti-cultural political support of the captive nations in their and have annihilated and obliterated too much of, policy is ardently supported for the above reasons anti-bolshevik struggle and psychologic warfare. these classes during the early revolutionary years. by a specifically Russian substitute for national “ What is required to-day“ , it reads, “ is a manifesto Material losses could easily have been compensat­ consciousness: pitiless hatred against everything of freedom that the Western Powers should pro­ ed; and the more vital losses of culturally valuable alien and hollow chauvinism. This wide barbariz- claim and address to the subjugated peoples in the man-cadres (decimated a second time in the ter­ ation of the ethnic Russian people under Soviet East, holding out to them the restoration of their roristic actions of the thirties, though not to the rule makes it a psychic necessity for the Russian, national freedom, state independence, introduc­ same extent as the non-Russian) would, with this to trump with their narrow-minded chauvinism tion os democratic order and social justice. Such a people of 60 to 70 million, be overcome in the towards the non-Russian nations, and that the step would have a great effect on the will to free­ course of a few generations. Much more ponderous farther the more. This can be noticed even in the dom and the spirit of resistance behind the Iron is the fact that the Russian people in the Soviet circles of the “ new“ Russian emigration. Curtain“ . Page 14 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Number 3/4

PURGES NEVER END . . . ried it through that the apostolic administrators and diocese councils bowed to their request to in­ As everywhere else in the non-Russian republics vite all priests of several dioceses to a discussion of of the Soviet Union, thorough purges of the usual “ timely problems“ . Facing the loaded guns of armed Soviet pattern are carried out also in Turkistan in order to nip any stir of nationalism in the bud, CULTURAL STRUGGLE U.B. soldiers the assembled clergy were forced to approve of a certain Vicar-General to be “ elect­ and to russify the non-Russian peoples completely. The Moscow “Literaturnaya Gazeta“ of Decem­ ed“ . This man, invested by police, shall now pose Soviet papers announced that in Kazakhstan ber 19, 1953, published a resolution of the Central as a church dignity and pastor of Christians! party top functionaries, among them the First Se­ Committee of The Communist Party of Georgia May the communist regime gain some renegades cretary Shayakhmatov, were dismissed for alleged which severely criticized the Georgian theatres, by those methods, the Polish believers, however, serious failings. P. K. Ponomarenko, as First Se­ writers, and actors. stand loyally by the Vatican, despite the fact that cretary of the C. C. and L. J. Bereyneiv as Second It claimed that the plays performed were on a they are charged with “ enmity to the people“ for Secretary of the C. C., were ordered there from very poor ideologic and artistic level; that they their brave attitude. Moscow. The two are Russian, and that means did not describe realistically the life of the Soviet something. Still the appointment of Ponomarenko working class and were far from Soviet realism; means something more: it shows the true inten­ that the Georgian Ministry of Cultural Affairs did tions of the Kremlin. not take much interest in the theatre and gave insufficient directives to the writers; that the Ponomarenko is the “ harsh broom“ of the su­ friendship between the peoples of the Soviet Union preme party headquarters, in other words, he is the ATOM ARTILLERY were not satisfactorily treated. It was decided to “ first hangman of the state“ . Since 1952 he has change the section of dramaturgy into a “ creative The first atom artillery regiment of the Czecho­ been a member of the chair of the C. C. (former laboratory of writers“ as it had to come so far that slovak army has now been quartered in East polit bureau). He is a man without any scruples, the dramatic writers “ penetrate deeply into the Slovakia near Kosice. The regiment has been he deserved well by the ruthless execution of the nature of current events“ , reflect “ truly and armed with atom guns of small bore. purges of deviating party functionaries, and thus accurately the situation of the conflict“ , and offer rose into top ranks. “ typical characters“ . STAGE TRIAL AGAINST COMMUNIST In the spring of 1950, as chief commissary, he Now the poor writers have to develop their gifts EX-DIGNITARIES performed most barbarous purges in Finno-Kare- and creative spirit under order in a mechanized lia, Estonia, and Latvia, and liquidated the whole The long expected stage trial against communist laboratory in order to serve Soviet realism. Never old elite. Then he became Minister of Supply. We dignitaries dismissed many years ago is now said in history has a human being had to live under see, he is an expert in purges. to take place at last in Bratislava. The defendants such compulsion and never before has his spirit are: G. Husak, former chairman of the Council of Now he has been sent to Turkistan. The heavily been so hard pressed. The poets were always per­ Commissaries (a kind of regional government for stricken Turkestanian people is facing a new wave mitted the right of dreaming and thinking, but the Slovakia); L. Novomesky, former commissary for of terrorism. The 18 million Mohammedans in Soviet hangmen deprived them even of that! They school affairs; D. Okaly, former bead of the police; Turkistan are waging an inexorable fight against are charged with lack of creative activity although and others. Those ousted figures of the Communist Russian despotism in common with other Chris­ one of them counts 80 and others 70 and 60 years. Party in Slovakia intended to establish a separate tian peoples. This common fight will once give The actors are charged with rarely playing. But Slovak state within the Soviet domain. Since, how­ rise to a community of the peoples of Christian they are all about 60 years of age. Whence shall ever, Moscow endorses the Czecho-Slovak state and Islamic civilization, which will defend the free­ these pitiful creatures in the Soviet hell take their construction, the speakers of the Slovak commun­ dom won even in future, and will prove to the creative force? ists are described as “ Titoists“ and “ Bourgeois- world by its cultural works that they, too, have a This resolution has no doubt been passed, on Nationalists“ and are cast into prison. Now these right to a place in the community of the peoples word from Moscow. The tendency: Georgian plays communist illusionists may experience themselves of the free civilized world. are unsuitable, translate one from Russian. But how serious Moscow is about the national principle that is alright, since such measures can only stir and the right of self-determination of all peoples. embitterment and hatred against the Moscow despots! SLOVAK PEOPLE’S PARTY SCREENED At a meeting of the central committees of the Communist Party of the C.S.R. and the Communist CHANGES IN TOP RANKS Party of Slovakia in December 1953, the secretaries According to Moscow radio reports, a conference A. Novotny and K. Bacilek pointed out the serious­ of the Supreme Council of the Ukrainian S.S.R. EVERYTHING GOES BADLY! ly detrimental ideology of the former Slovak took place on January 16, 1954. The agenda con­ People’s Party. Therefore, on January 28 and 29, tained organizational questions and approval of The patty paper Moscow “Pravda“ of February 1954, a two days’ conference on the ideology and the decrees of the Supreme Council. D. S. Koro- 16, 1954, prints an extensive report of the 13th policy of the Slovak People’s Party was held for tchenko was elected chairman of the Council, to congress of the communist party in Latvia. It interested circles in the assembly hall of the Slovak take the place of discharged M. S. Hrechukha. As sharply criticizes various shortcomings in the University in Bratislava. (The party was founded new Prime Minister N. T. KalcJienko was appointed. work of the M.T.S. and its direction by party and and presided over by Msgr. A. Hlinka and Msgr. Soviet organs. The delegates, says the report, re­ After this re-organization the Council of Min­ Dr. J. Tiso). isters of the Ukrainian S.S.R. proached the Central Committee of the Communist Several lectures were given, e. g. on the rise of Furthermore 22 partly re-organized, partly newly Party in Latvia with paying too little regard to the party, on its activity up to 1929, on its policy elected members of the ministry. the consolidation of the local party organizations. from 1929 to 1945. On January 29, terroristic The Party headquarters are constituted as The C. C. Bureau, they said, had approved of too measures against the followers of the Slovak follows: many resolutions which were subject to a previous People’s Party and against the fighters for a Slovak discussion at a meeting of the Bureau of the re­ Republic were discussed. Secretariat of the Central Committee of C.P.U.: gional party committee. The majority resolutions Though the communists identify all fighters for 1st Secretary: 0. I. Kyrychenko, and decrees of the Minister Council of the Re­ a Slovak Republic with the followers of the Slovak 2nd Secretary: M. W. Podhorny, public, of the Central Committee of the Communist People’s Party, yet there is no doubt that the de­ Secretary: I. D. Nazarenko. Party of Latvia and of the Rayon Committee of fenders of Slovak independence are not only to be the Party, offered too little information about the found among the ranks of that party. Bureau oj the Central Committee oj C.P.U.: situation in the rayons and kolkhozes. M. S. Hrechukha, D. S. Korotchenko, S. D. They emphasized furthermore, that the direc­ Korniyets, I. S. Senin, 0. I. Kyrychenko, I. D. tors of the political work for the masses were often International Communist Nazarenko, N. T. KalcJienko, O. E. Korniy- not in contact with their concrete tasks. Arrangements clink, M. W. Podhorny. All that re-organizing means that Malenkov and We have been informed that the following com­ Khrushchov take pains to strengthen their position munist arrangements in international disguise shall in Ukraine. The new Prime Minister, Kalchenko, take place this year: began his office with a harangue against Ukrain­ “ International Conference of Lawyers for the FORCIBLE MEASURES AGAINST THE CHURCH ian nationalism, saying for instance: “ The friend­ Defense of Democratic Rights“ , “ Peace Congress ship between the great Russian and the Ukrainian The Polish communist government tries by all for Asia and the Pacific“ , arranged by the World people is a brilliant success and bans every form means to destroy the connection of the church with Peace Council, „Festival of the Youth of Central of appearence of bourgeois fascist disturbance the Vatican, and to bring about a “ national Polish America and the Carribbean Islands“ (World which only intend to undermine the historical uni­ Church“ under the Muscovite patriarch. The con­ Federation of Democratic Youth), furthermore, the fication of Russia and Ukraine. This success proves tinuously carried out measures of oppression which World Peace Congress 1954 arranged by the World the incapability of bourgeois nationalism to destroy serve this purpose, reached their climax in the Peace Council, the meeting of the World Trade and annihilate the unshakable solidarity of the arrest of Kardinal Wy shins Ju. Union on May 1, the “ 12th World Congress of Ukrainian, the Russian, and all the other peoples Disregarding the Vatican’s irrefutable legal Student Matches“ (International Student Organ­ of the Soviet Union.“ rights, the communists, assisted by the U.B. (Se­ ization), “ World Youth Day“ arranged by the These outbursts of Kalchenko’s show clearly curity Office) forced the investment of two suit­ World League of Democratic Youth on Novem­ that the Ukrainian people and its liberation move­ able and pliant persons as bishops in two dioceses. ber 10, and the “ World Student Day“ on Novem­ ment is still one of the prime problems of the Applying brutal reprisals the Security Office car­ ber 17. Soviet Union. Number 3/4 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Page 15

"Drabininoi" instead of "Drobinina" as is rightly put were able more or less sincerely to regard as potenti­ on p. 449. On p. 455 “ White -Sea Commune" stands ally guilty almost the whole population of the Soviet OQK - R È VIEWS erroneously for “Black Sea Commune“. Why is the Union“). He is far from undervaluing the importance of noted Ukrainian literary historian, publicist und po­ the nationality-problem in the U.S.S.R., and what he litician, Serhiy Yefremov always called Yefrciniw, says about the special way of the “purges“ and although, in all his life he used to spell his surname other reprisals in the thirties in Ukraine and Turkistan The Black Deeds of (he Kremlin with o? And finally, why is it that two different ways is more or less right. But he goes completely astray A WHITE BOOK of transcription are applied, one in general and another when idyllically picturing the “cultural progress“ in especially for the names of the contributors and trans­ Ukraine at the time of “Ukrainization“. This is not only Vol. Is Book of Testimonies lators? — as such forms as Prydiodko, Wolyniak, Swa- wrong but even biased: To endorse his allegation that Toronto, 1953, the Basilian Press, printed for the tiwsky, Lev are absolutely contrary to the transcription “even in religious life there was relative liberty“ he Ukrainian Association of Victims of Russian Communist rules formulated on p. XIV! mentions that “the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Terror, XIV, 546 pp. Some exception should be taken also to the photos Church had in 1926 29 Bishops and more than 10,000 and drawings in the book, yet it shall be omitted with priests", but he keeps silence about their fates in the The title of this fundamental work of anti-Soviet docu­ regard to space. next years to follow. At any rate, the author emphasizes mentation does not quite correspond with its contents And now I say it once more, that despite its weak expressly that “a communist regime was not chosen by as it deals exclusively with Soviet-Moscow’s wrongs points the book is an excellent piece of work in our the non-Russian nations, European or Asian, Christian against Ukrainians and not with the political crimes of fight against Soviet Russian communism. It is exceed­ or Moslem, but was imposed on them by the superior bolshevism as a whole. Furthermore, the denomination ingly copious and manifold and makes an imposing force of the Russian state, whidi was in communist of volume 1 as “Book of Testimonies“ is surprising. What impression. There is certainly none among all the 99 hands“. From that he comes to the right conclusion that else should a work, imitating diplomatic documentary larger or smaller or concise contributions that would in non-Russian territories the bolshevik regime is exposed collections, contain but just "testimonies“ ? Regarding require correction or examination of its factual data. to far greater dangers than in (Muscovite) Russia: this last term, the editorial board (S. Pidhainy, Prof. I. We consider it a merit of the work that these contribut­ “In the non-Russian republics and provinces, the Soviet Sandul, Prof. A. Stepovy) does not seem to have been ions, due to their literary and politically mostly unskil­ regime faces a dilemma. It needs educated and skilled too particular altogether; the collective work regrettably led writers, deviate so widely in form and style-ranging persons from these nationalities, yet every intellectual contains many a contribution offering material without from plain, starkly documentary notes to longer passages its education produces is a potential nationalist. In the any, or only approximative, dating of the event quoted from a book of memoirs. It meets the requirements of non-Russian areas, the social tension mentioned in the (e. g. F. Fedorenko: Disappeared Without Trace). Some­ different reader circles and gives a hint that in an previous section takes on a special form. Here the dis­ times — and that is still worse — it even offers regular honest and non-compromising fight against bolshevik content of the privileged group (By that the author means political leaders instead of documents. It is to be atrocities literary form ranks far behind factual report. nearly all people of higher education — V. D.) and the regretted that the first chapter already starts with V. D. discontent of the masses are more likely to fuse with I. Bahryany’s contribution “I Accuse" which to nine each other than in the Russian areas. The obstacles tenths is such a leader (the same author offers in chapter Hugh Seton-Watson: to the fusion are only physical — the power of the police 4 under “Does the World Hear?“ one of ten tenths). It is — not as in the Russian areas, both physical and another weighty mistake that some contributions are The Pattern of Communist Revolution psychological.“ written in such a belles-lettres style that most of the European and American readers will take them for a A HISTORICAL ANALYSIS Unfortunately the author does not draw practical pure literary product, a mere fiction. (See M. Lazorsky: Methuen & Co. Ltd., London, 1955, 380 pp. conclusions from this view, and in the following the “ The Ship Sails Slowly Away" or F. Yakymenko: "Where whole problem is dropped. In the last diapter the author is My Bread?"). This might induce some of the readers The new work of the noted English anti-communist faces the problem actively by combatting Soviet Com­ to call the documentation of the whole book in question analyzer and publicist deals chiefly with the history of munism rather helplessly: “The means by which Sta­ — by the way quite erroneously. For hardly con­ Soviet communism inside as well as outside the Soviet linism can be forced back, and the oppressed peoples . . . ceivable reasons tne publishers replaced direct “testi­ Union. He takes great pains to accentuate those features can be liberated, are not clear today.“ And indeed: monies" in highly important domains by “ summaries", just typical for particular events or the development on principle he will not hear of a preventive war nor although there is no lack of living eye-withnesses among as a whole. This accounts for the not entirely appro­ of an effective support of the national movements the Ukrainian emigrants. It must be admitted, however, priate title of the book. The scientific merits and draw­ among the peoples oppressed by Moscow (for this would that these summaries are composed with much competent backs are irregularly scattered over the different parts mean “to encourage false hopes among conquered knowledge and accuracy (Yar Slavutydi: “Russian Com­ of the work, since the author, in his views, depends nations“) and he puts little hope — with much justifi­ munist Practice — Genocide on Ukrainian Writers", largely on the quality of his authorities. By far the cation — on eventual dissension in the Kremlin or in P. Wolyniak: “The Execution of the Artists", and “The best in elaboration are no doubt those chapters which the C.P.S.U. or on anti-Soviet moods among the Russian Ukrainian Catholic Church and Communism" from the describe the activity of the Comintern, especially its people. How, then, to fight communism actively? collective work “ First Victims of Communism" (Rome, relations to the communist parties of the West (for From the Ukrainian anti-Soviet literature he refers 1953). Of course, this is better than nothing, but it breaks that subject the author had extraordinarily numerous only to the well-known works of I. Mazepa and J. through the general structure of the work and could and reliable authorities at his disposal). In doing so he Rcshetar and to the Munidi “Entsyklopcdiya easily have been avoided by the publishers. indefatiguably points out again and again how the Ukrayinoznavstv a“. The praise he grants to The book opens with a "preface" by the Editor-in- Comintern, pliant to the C.P.S.U., ignored the interests the latter is diaracteristic for him: “the Ukrainian chief, S. Pidhayny, who suitably emphaziscs that most of of what they call proletarian revolution, pursuing only encyclopaedia contains a good historical summary, more the contributors “were or are peasants, farm laborers, the diplomatic (resp. strategic) interests of the Soviet concrete and less rhetorical than most Ukrainian publ­ workers, or clerks. Now in a free country they relate Russian state — and that not only since 1939 and the time ications“. People of different national-ethnic and their stories of life under the Soviet regime truthfully of the Ribbentrop—Molotow Pact, but from the begin­ cultural-historical diaractcr have entirely different and simply. They wrote their testimonies so that the ning. interpretations for all “rhetorical“. We, for instance, world might learn not only about their past experiences, The communist expansion in the East, on the other consider the whole last diapter of the book (“Com­ but also about the similar fate meted out to thousands of hand, is treated comparatively briefly. Yet we must munism, Social Classes and Power“) whidi was to sum­ their fellow countrymen who had remained in the value greatly the authors’ vigorous opposition to the marize the author’s views, as merely rhetorical. Y. D. U. S. S. R. They wrote it in order to warn others, false propaganda of the purely agrarian character of farmers and workers like themselves, not to be misled Chinese Communism ("the Chinese communist move­ I. Gadourek: by communist propaganda." With that he admits that ment was a movement of peasants, but not a peasant the book as a whole has remained "motley and uneven" movement“). Althogether he deals with the history of since “ the editor’s aim has been to preserve as much as the Chinese revolution fairly objectively. He The Political Control of Czechoslovakia possible the original ideas and expressions of the con­ even principally admits the possibility of a, for A study in social control of a Soviet satellite state Library tributors". This, as mentioned above, we consider rather Chiang Kai Sliek, fatal "influence in the U.S.State of the Czcdioslovak Foreign Institute in Exile (Editorial a merit. Then follows a short “ Introduction" by Prof. Department of Communist sympathizers". Every now Board, Dr. V. Chalupa, Chairman). Vol. i H. E. Stenfert W. Simpson, the prominent Slavicist of the University of and then his vain hope for a possible dissension between Koese N. Y. — Leiden 1953, Pp. XVI + 285 Sascatdiewan and faithful friend of the Ukrainians and Mao Tse Tung and the Kremlin can be seen in the other captive nations. He energetically points to the background. His remarks about Ho Chi Minh, however, Gadourek wrote this book as a member of the “Czedio- "particular Ukrainian aspect of Soviet oppression" and are confused and contradictory. Slovak Foreign Institute in Exile" whidi has its seat at justly directed his words against those “who think in But everything concerning the events of World War II present in Leyden in the Netherlands. His work com­ terms of abstract principles and systems" and "those stands on a far lower level. Here the author’s dependence prises an introduction and two main sections: the de­ excessively prudent folk who seek to gain ultimate on biased scources is painfully felt. For example, it is scription of the political control in Czedio-Slovakia, and stability by sacrificing basic principles of humanity and downright ridiculous to describe the insurrection in what he calls the conceptualization of this control. justice." The main contents of the book are divided up Slovakia in September/Octobcr 1944 as a "national In the introduction the survey on Czedio-Slovak into seven chapters: uprising“ since everyone who could see it with his own history is strongly biased. The critical reader is stricken 1. Concentration Camps, Prisons, and Justice in Com­ eyes, knows perfectly well that it was but a communist by the confusion of the denominations Bohemian and munist Russia; 2. Camps of the Deportees; 3. Collectivi­ plot supported by Czech settlers and Soviet parachut­ Czedi. At any rate the historical introduction is too brief zation, Liquidation of Kurkul (i. e. the Ukrainian ists, and that the overwhelming majority of the Slovak so that the reader cannot gain an impressive picture of “Kulak" — V. D.) Class and Famine"; 4. The Struggle population stood firmly to the national government of the political and social conditions in the Czedio-Slovak for the Independence of Ukraine and Liquidation of the Dr. Tiso. (The author rather tactlessly describes him Republic prior to 1938. Ukrainian Intellectuals"; 5. “Graves of Mass Murder as a “ quisling" though he did not attribute this offend­ Victims"; 6. “The Russian Communist Dictatorship in ing title to the national Japan-sympathizing governments In the description proper, of first the strenght the Practice"; 7. “Persecution of Religion in the U. S. S. R." in South-East Asia.) He is most indignant about Pave- structure, the organization and interior direction of the It will certainly not require detailed reasons when lic’s terroristic measures — but not so much about Tito’s. Communist Party is described, followed by an analysis I claim that this division of the material, though other­ He also quotes the communists describing, “with much of the state administration, economy, education, religion, wise logically constructed and comprising everything justification“, Mihailovic’s Chetniks as “quislings“ sciences and arts, recreation and morale. The second essential, has its weak point in the entirely superfluous though he could have borrowed a much more careful section is the most interesting. It analyses and character­ chapter 6 with its utterly vague title. It was apparently phrase from the best expert of the entire Tito complex, izes the party rulership described in section one. After meant as a box to put everything in that does not fit from A. B. U 1 a m (“Titoism and the Cominform“, Har­ a general survey of the functioning of the political in anywhere else. (e. g. the Soviet treatment of the vard 1952). The author appears not to know that Stalin control in the field of social sciences follows a diapter children of the repressed and other homeless children). intended to attack Germany as early as April 1941 (the on the specific features of communist power: the class In reality, all the contributions of this chapter could have unexpectedly speedy collapse of Yugoslavia made him diaracter of the national and international power of been placed without great pains in one of the others. osipone the attack to August — and then Hitler got communism. Most interesting is the description of the As another flaw it may be considered that nothing has efore him in June). And, of course, it is stark non­ means of this control. The author analyses the use of been said about the oppression and ill treatment of the sense that in the Soviet territories occupied by the material things, of organizations, petty party cells, Ukrainian elements in the Soviet army (although the Germans “when the Red Army again advanced, it in institutions, customs, direct propaganda, and psychic publishers could have found competent witness material turn was welcomed as a deliverer“. Fortunately it is power. The control by the party makes use of rational in an article by I. M. in the Munich “Visty Bratstva Kol. likewise wrong that “the Western Allies forcibly as well as particularly of mass psydiologic, demagogic Voyakiv 1. U. D. U.N.A.“, Nr. 12—36, 1952. But there is repatriated to the U.S.-S.R. all those who had served means; it bans and provocates, it sometimes remains some more confusion as to the division of the material the Germans". Hundreds of thousands were handed merely symbolic and, at another time, intervenes di­ into chapters. F. Fedorenko’s "Dissappeared Without over but ten thousands were able to save themselves in rectly. After an interesting survey on the social sphere Trace“ for instance does not certain to chapter 3 but time. A likewise seeming fancy is the allegation that apart from direct party control follows the analysis of to diapter 4, since it has nothing at all to do with the total extent of the reprisals the Soviets inflicted its success. At first the general social structure of society collectivization, but very much so with the S. V. U. Trial from 1943 to 1946 “cannot compare either with the is analysed, then follows the analysis of culture, of and its consequences. It must be understood, however, convulsions caused by the collectivisation of agriculture society and, at last, ti»at of the individual under rigid that these compositional shortcomings do not virtually and the Yezhovshdiina, or with the human and material communist party control. At the end: summary, survey damage the general value of the book which we highly losses of military operations themselves". on social references, brief bibliography, and rather recommend to all English-speaking readers. As for the form and development of bolshevism within extended remarks. A brief index is annexed. It must have been lack of thorough information that the Soviet Union the author’s judgement is cautions and Gadourek’s book offers very interesting and hitherto many a point was only briefly touched. And that in a mostly right (though some slips occur even here, such untreated stuff. On the other hand, even most critical work which should be of principal bearing! as the incredible supposition that “skilled workers scientists must admit that there is mudi refutable or at A. Orcletsky’s and O. Prychodko’s translation of the probably enjoy better material conditions in 1953 than least inflated news on really existing or alleged resis­ Ukrainian original text into English is mostly very well they had under the Tsar in 1913“). The author does not tance groups. In this respect strictest criticism is re­ done, apart fron some trifling sli^s. On page 449 for indulge in illusions as to “Russian psychology“ and commended. There is no doubt, however, that the author instance, the jocular expression “ Comrade Rayokhmat- knows how to explain the bolshevik terror regime from had the best intentions and all necessary intellectual del" remaines unexplained, though it will not occur to the Russian national character (e. g. “With the extra­ capacity. any reader ignorant of the Slav languages, that this is ordinary capacity for pursuing a thought to its" logical One failure of the work is undoubtable, though. That but the official abbreviation of the Russian name for conclusion, and for applying it universally without is his ideologic prepossession whidi induced him to "Local Department for the Protection of Mother and regard for any other realities, which has long been a restrict himself, in the bye-subjects, to literature of Child". On page 352 a certain woman is twice called characteristic of the Russian political mind, the N.K.V.D. socialistic or at least left liberal kind. The consequences Page 16 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Number 3/4

of such partiality are obvious: the picture of the first and national-political importance of the whole problem. totalitarian state as the Soviet Union, the author should Czedio-Slovak Republic, prior to 1938, is not only in­ We are glad to know that at least part of the nationality have started from the premise that the true social con­ distinct, but partly even strongly biased. Quite natu­ problem in the U.S.S.R. may now be considered as duiy ditions depend not so much on public and official legal rally the author is not only incapable of appreciating solved. It will be no little help in our further fight for procedure, but rather on the interior policy of the the race and statehood of the Slovaks, but even tacitly the complete independence and national sovereignty of dictatorial government which prefers to proceed in the disregards the problem. the peoples subjugated by Moscow. Y. D. form of undercover police actions and does not care Summarizing we must say that Gadourck’s work is an a bit about laws or their public application. By flatly important and necessary aid in realizing the conditions O 1 e h R. Martovych : ignoring the principle difference between constitutional in present Czecho-Slovakia, yet, on the other hand, to state and police dictatorship (since nothing of the kind convey a true picture of the conditions there, it is not National Problems in the U.S.S.R. has been mentioned ;in the laws) the author sketches the recommendable for readers who are not acquainted with deceptive picture of the Soviet Union as being just a the present Czech situation. J. II. Foreign Affairs Information Series No. 8. With ethno­ state like all others with its legislature as mudi the graphical map of the Soviet Union by Dr. Mykola product of the so-called “ public opinion“ as, mostly, Nicholas L. Czyrovski: Kulyckyj. Foreword by Major-General J. F. C. Fuller. in the free world in the West. Since, additionally, the author’s comments on Soviet Law are utterly superficial Introduction by John F. Stewart. and naive, the book is not in want of extremly queer American Trade and Russian Dominated Scottish League for European Freedom. “ conclusions“ which would sound downright funny if Countries Edinburgh 1953 pp. 58 they did not rather show a tragic lack of understand­ The Western world has long been accustomed to take ing for Soviet social reality. On a “ further reduction in CAN AMERICA TRADE PROFITABLY the U. S. S. R. for a, though not uniform, yet predo­ the number of Ministries“ after Stalin’s death, for WITH THE EXTENSIVE ECONOMIC AREA OF A minantly Russian state respectively state construction. instance, he says the following: RUSSIAN EMPIRE? The reasons why, are at hand. Above all the, for Western “ Beria, who assumed charge of the combined security eyes, so mysterious if not strange Orthodox Church with Ministries, has long been known in the U.S.S.R. for his Information Bureau of the American Friends of A.B.N. its liturgy, spirituality, and mysticism, the Cyrillic skill in restoring orderly security procedures (!) after Inc. New York, 64 pp. characters and the seeming uniformity of the Russian the admitted excesses of the purges of the late 1930’s. Would in case of a collapse of the Soviet Regime the state, all that made the said impression in the West. He has been severe but effective and has produced mudi large Russian economy be a better consumer of Ameri­ There arc further reasons greatly adding to this con­ less unrest than Ezhov who had preceded him during can products than small independent areas of national ception: In the eyes of superficially informed observers the purges . . . With security declared by the leaders states? This question, as the' subtitle of the concise but the close akinship between the east-Slavonic languages to be of paramount importance after Stalin’s death, . . . substantial book hints, is examined by the author, an made the Ukrainian and Byelorussian language appear it is possible that the Soviet leadership thought it wise exile, at present lecturing on economics at Seton Hall as supposed dialects; and the lack of natural boundaries to indicate their intentions. This they did by appoint­ University as Assistant Professor. The problem has promoted strongly the primitive geographic determinism ing men known to every Soviet citizen for their proven never been studied scientifically though it was touched which gave rise to the thesis of the “Slavonic rivers ablities (!) in these fields. Further the leadership on in the American press several times. Footing on a flowing together in the Russian Sea“ even among those reduced the number of administrators to be co-ordinated series of statistic tables, the author presents it convinc­ who were not otherwise susceptible to determinism. Thus in the effort.“ (p. 62.) ingly as a general rule that “ the larger an economic the thesis of the bloc of the 200 million Soviet men We can fancy the author regretting his premature area, the more independent it is, and the more able it is emerged, regrettably simplified in our world of prema­ judgement of this “ man known to every citizen for his by nature to regard international trade as secondary, ture and false conclusions to the slogan of the 200 million abilities in his field“ now, after Beria’s downfall. The and even pursue some relative self-sufficiency“ . This is Russians. -Soviets know indeed how to make work sour for their followed by a likewise statistically based analysis of This legend, the consequences of which are pointed out own advocates in the Westl density of population in its relationship to the degree of and politically evaluated by J. F. Stewart and general On sudi premises it is a matter of course that the international economic cooperation. It leads to the Fuller, is destroyed in a profund and convincing manner problem of Soviet “ federalism“ is construed only in the conclusion that “if we take both elements together, that by O. R. Martovych by means of M. Kulyckyj’s map of spirit of Stalin’s “ Interview with American Labour of the territory and that of the density of population, and nationalities in the Soviet Union. After introductory ex­ Delegation“ , though the author does not fail to see that analyse them in their joint relationship to the economic planations on maps and politics as well as on the refe­ Soviet federation “ bore little resemblance to the type factor of a foreign trade pattern, and its rate in each rence of the political division of the U. S. S. R. to the which has become familiar as the United States of individual case, we can easily find the general tendency ethnic questions, the nationality problem which the America“ (p. 40). toward increasing foreign trade, whenever the territory author calls the Achilles heel of the Soviet Union, is Still, in chapter 11 (“ Law and the “ Capitalist Encircle­ of a country is small, and its density of population is systematically analysed. In the chapter on the Slavic ment“ ) he readies the climax of Sovieto-phil tendency high.“ peoples of the Soviet Union the author proves that the when dealing with K e n n a n’ s noted thesis (that the On the ground of these thoughts the author is convinced Cossacks as well as the Siberians, who in his opinion real cause of the severe forms of compulsion found in that “from an economic, or respectively commercial point are gradually developing into a peculiar people, are Soviet law is not to be found in any real or imagined of view, it would rather be to the interest of the United tribes of their own. The Siberians-like the North-Ameri- danger from the capitalist powers, this danger having States to favor, in the future, not only the abolition of cans — he considers a peculiar people, conscious of its been manufactured by Soviet leaders to justify to a Communism in the U.S.S.R., but also a disintegration of unity, and accentuates its descent from Cossacks as well restless people strict domestic policies against which the whole Union into a number of independent national as Old Believers and other groups opposing Tsardom. Of they might otherwise rebel). The author expressly states. A Russia, even a democratic one, can hardly be the non-Slavic nationalities the figures of the Baltic, inpugnes this statement and tries to excurse it by the expected to be very much interested in international Finnish, Caucasian, Mongol, Palaeo-Asiatic, Moldavian strange allegation the Soviets would oppose international economic cooperation, and in international trade. She peoples, and the Jews, are examined. The chapter re­ control of atom weapons only to the extent that it impairs would be a large-space economy an as such she would garding the number of Russians in the U. S. S. R. is of their own peaceable and purely economic exploitation of be able even to afford some relative self-sufficiency via particular interest. Comparing the censuses of 1897, atom energy. her large-scale interprovincial exchange . . . A partition 1926, and 1939, the number of Russians is critically ITow dare the author offer sudi naive theories, though of U.S.S.R. would at once mean a fundamental change in estimated. The author deducts from the official figure of he himself quoted the rather telling utterance of the the pattern of the international trade in Eastern Europe. 99 million Russians in 1959 the 23 million Siberians, the Soviet jurisprudent Kozhevnikov that “ the First of all, small economic areas of national states would 4 million Cossacks and many millions of Ukrainians and U. S.S.R.’s position is to establish strict international at once be made dependent upon foreign markets, and Byelorussians which in the official statistics have been control and strict inspection, but in sudi a way that the choice of markets would be made freely by national itemed as Russians. As according to the official statistics the latter will not lead to interference in those spheres governments according to the interest of their individual the number of Ukrainians has decreased from 31,2 million of production not linked with atomic energy.“ If we countries, and not according to the interest of a large- in 1926 to 28,1 million in 1939 while the total of the popu­ leave it with the Soviets to decide whidi of their spheres space economy, serving Russian political aims. Further­ lation has increased from 147 to 170 million, the un­ of production are, or are not, linked with atomic energy, more, the higher average density of population, especially reliability of ethnographic and national data in official any international control of atom weapons will no of some East-European countries, such as the Ukraine, Soviet statistics is evident. doubt be in their favour! Byelorussia, and the Caucasian states, would demand a The next chapter illuminates the concrete proposals for Don’t think that he turns to sudi awkward justificat­ rise in imports“ . a political reconstruction of the U. S. S. R. against the ions of Soviet law only in cases of apparent political The often heard objection that trading with small background of history. The author proposes to dismember measures and opinions. Take his comments on Soviet economic areas tends to raise the administrative diffi­ the U. S. S. R. into its national constituent parts. With family law: culties and financial expenses is not objectively founded, that he brings forth as an argument not only the once “For one who reviews the course of Soviet law there in the author’s opinion: “For example, the United States independence of times prior to Russian conquest, but is apparent a complete turn of the wheel from the must formulate and administer its international trade also the temporary state independence of the years relatively strict family legislation of the Russian Ortho­ policies and practices for any of its trade. Yet, every 1917 to 1921. He demands national independence for all dox Cliurdi to the similarly strict legislation introduced opportunity to increase the volume of foreign trade would satellite states such as the Baltics, Ukraine, Byelorussia, in 1944 by Soviet legislators. The future desired for the produce more gain for the country, than expense due to Turkistan, the Caucasus peoples, and the Turk and diild seems jo have motivated the development of the the slightly enlarged machinery of administration of Ugro-Finn peoples at the Volga (Idel-Uralians) and in law. The conclusion seems obvious that the necessity of foreign trade.“ Siberia. developing a diild who would respond affirmatively The author is aware, however, that such “general In the end statistic tables give the population figures to the plans of the new leadership has been the govern­ tendencies“ in the development of foreign trade are not of the individual Union and Autonomous Republics, and ing consideration . . . Perhaps they (Soviet leaders — rarely thwarted by specific economic — or even nom the nationalities of the U. S. S. R. In a further table the V. D.) are thinking of the admonition of Engels (!) economic — conditions. Therefore, although his state­ disintegration of Russia in 1917/18 is specified, and then that the family should be a strong monogamous one. ments are based on statistic analyses of the foreign trade he estimates the population of the independent states Perhaps they are laying the foundation of what they of a number of West-European and American states as to be established, respectively of those regions which are will claim to be a new “ natural law“ (p. 272). well as of the U.S.S.R., he endorsed his allegations by to be restored to their original nations. Then, after a Consequently, be it this way or not, in any case it three special chapters concerning the history of eco­ copious index, follows an introduction to the ethno­ is clear that the Soviet leaders were governed by noble nomics: “The Case of the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy“ graphical map as well as a specification of the nationa­ and humane, ideal principles only! It is more than (the reader receives here a convincing evidence that the lities and at last the map itself. naive to identify the Soviet despots with ideal and Austrian-Hungarian large-space economy maintained a Martovydi’s publication is a valuable and weighty humane thoughts. It does not at all occur to the author considerably lower rate of foreign trade than the small- contribution to the settlement of the difficult problem that their first aim is to obtain the greatest quantity space economies replacing her); “The Case of the Baltic of nationalities in the U. S. S. R. W. R. of cannon fodder. States“ (particularly instructive for east-Europeau eco­ It is mudi to be regretted that such an unusually exact nomic conditions); and “The Case of the United States“ John N. Hazard: and reliable all-round description of Soviet official (a conspicuous contrast since “American imports and legislation has. inwardly been tied with a political ten­ exports do play a relatively inconsiderable role in eco­ Law and Social Change in the U.S.S.R. dency that obviously aims at facilitating the possible nomic life in the United States — . . . having the fourth Published under the auspices of the London Institute return from Kennan’s and Adieson’s “ Policy of Con­ lowest per capita foreign trade in the world, higher only of World Affairs. tainment“ to Harriman’s and Byrne’s “ Policy of than that of the Soviet Union, India, and China“.) All Appeasement“ . V. D. three of these cases do confirm the author’s opinion. London, Stevens & Sons Ltd., 1955, XXIV, 510 pp. Particular consideration has been given to Ukrainian The merits of this extraordinarily systematic work are economy showing distinctly that Ukraine with its copious obvious. Its flaws are much less so and that makes them possibilities for exports would not require for her rather dangerous. The first refers to the actually economic development the political association with juristic contents of the book which not only offers a ethnic Russia proper. very clear and detailed description of Soviet Law, but Of course, we are far from taking this purely economic even copiously illustrates it by numerous particular aspect of the nationality problem in the Russian empire ‘‘cases“ and trials. The author, at present lecturing on Publisher: Press Bureau of the Antibolshevik Bloc of for decisive (the author himself does not appear to do so “ Soviet Law“ at Columbia University, “ availed himself Nations (A.B.N.) either). Nevertheless, its bearing must not be under­ — as he emphasized in the preface — of the rather P.O. Box 70, Munich 33 :-: Phone: 59 13 31 Germany valued, particularly with regard to the psychological unusual opportunity offered by the Institute of Current Editorial Staff: Board of Editors. consequences with American and also west-European World Affairs in New York of studying Soviet law at a Editor responsible: M. W. Borys. political circles. It remains a lasting merit of the author Soviet law school and of seeing Soviet law in operation“ . Articles signed with name or pseudonym do not neces­ that he has proved clearly that “ the Russian-friendly Under this aspect his work is a master-piece and will sarily reflect the Editor’s opinion, but that of the author. commercial“ argument in favour of a future Russian remain an indispensible reference book for the study Manuscripts sent in unrequested cannot be returned in Empire (it played an important role in the Russian- of Soviet law for a long time. case of non-publication unless postage is enclosed. friendly pronouncements of Mr. Kennan’s — V. D.) is Yet, what the author considers as “ Social change in It is not our practice to pay for contributions. full of subjective tendencies and cannot stand against an the U.S.S.R.“ is actually nothing but the practical Reproduction permitted but only with indication of objective economic analysis.“ management of those laws and their application in legal source (A.B.N.-Corr.). In a brief foreword, Dr. Nestor D. Procyk, Editor, procedure. This equalization might be right in the case Yearly Subscription $ 2 or Shilling# 12. suitably introduces the Anglo-Saxon reader into the of a constitutional state, but not of a totalitarian state Remittances to: Süddeutsche Bank, Munich, thoughts of the A.B.N., duly underlining its political under party dictatorship. Dealing with such a thoroughly Account No. 10 707, Dr. O. Wintoniak (A.B.N.) New Address of A. B. N.: Munich 8, Zeppelinstrafte 67/0

Vol. Y. No. 5/9. May/September 1954 » Published in English, French and German Price: 1 8; 40 c

Current World Problems As Judged By General J. F. C. Fuller and the Scottish League for European Freedom:

G eneral J. F. C. F u ller the ethnic Russian territory, the very foundations appeasement policy and the containment policy of of bolshevism and the tvliole evil, — only the latter George Kennan? “ Geneva — An Oriental Munich“ is sober reality and promises the West success? A. As much value as if a man set out to dam up tbe Danube in order to prevent it flowing into The British military expert, Major-General A. I consider tliat in this age of atomic weapons the Black Sea. J. F. C. F u 11 e r , a world-renowned authority the only profitable type of war is psychological. Q. What ideas is the Western World to propagate on the strategy and tactics of modern warfare, By this I mean that it is more profitable to change in its struggle against Russia, in order to get the has granted our paper an interview, the con­ tbe mind of your enemy than to vaporize his body upper hand in that struggle? Is it the idea of up­ tents of which are published below. and risk getting vaporized yourself. Engels tumbled holding the Russian empire in some form or other, (The Editor) on this 100 years ago, but unfortunately tbe Gene­ or is it the idea of national independence, and the ral Staffs do not read Engels. Q. What do you think of the Geneva Con­ state independence of each nation, subjugated by ference? Q. What value do you attach to the so-called bolshevism? (Continued on Page 2) A. An Oriental Munich: an attempt to save the face of France who, having failed to win over the Thruth Prevails native peoples of Indo-China to her support, was being badly beaten by the Communists. Q. How do you think the West could bring the war in Indo-China to a victorious end? Kersten’s Investigatory House Committee Meets A. There is no practical way. To do so would mean turning the French out, and neither America in Munich nor Great Britain would accept the responsibility. Like Korea, Indo-China is a sideshow, the decisive In the previous number of “A.B.N. Cor­ ample, submitted by the leading represent­ respondence“ we defined our attitude as point is Moscow. Eliminate Moscow and the Ko­ atives of the national organizations of the regards the malicious campaign which the A.B.N. by the Bulgarian National Front, the rean and Indo-China problems solve themselves. Soviet “ Pravda“ has started against America’s Georgian National Organization, the Byelo­ Q. Why do responsible Western politicians not esteemed Congressman, Charles J. Kersten, russian Central Committee, the Czech Na­ use the same kind of strategy towards the revo­ and the investigatory House Committee nam­ tional Executive Committee, the Hungarian lutionary movements for freedom, among the ed after him. In our opinion these spiteful Freedom Movement, the Slovak Liberation peoples subjected by bolshevism, as the Bolshevists attacks on the part of Moscow’s official paper Committee, the National Turkestanian Unity do in Asia, e. g. Indo-China? Why is the free world are the best testimonial for this initiative of Committee, the Organization of Ukrainian the U.S. Congress and of the fact that Con­ Nationalists, the Cossack National Liberation not able to give for instance, the Ukrainian In­ gressman Kersten is on the right path. Movement, and by the group formed by the surgent Army (U.P.A.) and other formations of This Committee of which Charles J. Kersten Cossack publicist, I. Bezuglov. the kind that are under the yoke of bolshevism, is the president includes the following well- Special mention must be made of the fact political and technical support, in order to burst known American Congressmen: Fred E. Bus- that the Kersten Commission did not limit the Russian Bolshevik empire from within? bey, E. J. Bonin, Patrick J. Hillings, Walter itself to ascertaining mere facts alone, as for A. Because there are no responsible Western Norblad, Ray J. Madden, Thaddeus Macliro- instance the mass murder of Yynnytsia or the statesmen; they are all vote-collecting politicians, wicz, Thomas J. Dodd, and Michael A. Feiglian. wilful starving to death of the population The task of the Committee which originally in Ukraine, but above all sought to reveal who are more concerned with their own positions consisted in the investigation and document­ the political motives behind all the crimes and party politics than with the Ukrainians or ation of the brutal measures enforced under committed by the Russian bolshevist aggres­ any other subjugated people. Brotherly love.is on Soviet aggression in order to subjugate the sors. This was particularly evident when the their lips, hut self-interest is in their hearts — Baltic countries, has meanwhile been ex­ celebrations staged by Moscow on the occasion humbugs one and all. tended and now includes the investigation of of the 300th anniversary of the Treaty of conditions in other countries behind the Iron Pereyaslav were discussed. In addition, the Q. Do you not think, that of the two conceptions Curtain. By means of testimony given on oath situation in Hungary in connection with the of war — the one a periphery war, which Russia by eye-witnesses to the conditions under martyrdom of Cardinal Mindszenty was most is trying to force upon the West, and that of a which the forcible subjugation of the country carefully gone into, as well as the situation concentric, defensive tear, i. e. a counter-attack on in question has been effected, the Committee in Slovakia, Byelorussia, and elsewhere. has succeeded in collecting startling evidence All explanations and all questions oil the of the ruthless violation of laws and brutal part of the members of the Commission during acts of terrorism committed by the Soviet the session and in particular on the part of From the Contents: Russian aggressors, evidence which will serve Kersten himself and Congressman Feiglian » * * Page as a moral, legal and international basis for gave proof not only of their thorough know­ III. Congress of the A.B.N...... 3 the present epoch-making fight for freedom ledge of the .problems concerned, but also of against Moscow. For this reason the activity a just and fair attitude as regards the in­ Yaroslav Stetzko: of the Committee cannot be valued highly violable rights of the subjugated nations to The Era of the Fight for Freedom . . 5 enough. freedom and independence. This was ex­ Hon. O. K. Armstrong: During the session of the Kersten Com­ tremely encouraging for all the emigrants and “Freedom for all Nations“ ...... 7 mittee in Munich, numerous emigrants both led them to hope that a new initiative is at from the Baltic countries and the so-called last being taken on the other side of the Prof. Dr. Stephen C. Y. Pan: satellite states as well as from a number of Atlantic, after the truth as regards the Soviet National China and'A.B.N...... 9 non-Russian countries of the U.S.S.R., which Russian prison of nations has been suppressed D. Donzow: became the victims of Russian bolshevist for so long. Mention must also be made of the From St. Helena to Y a l t a ...... 9 tyranny some time ago, were either heard as fact that the administrative head of the com­ witnesses or else submitted written state­ mission. Mr. E. D. O’Connor, showed a pro­ Hon. Ben C. Limb: ments as evidence. Statements of this kind, found knowledge and understanding of our “ Korea will at all Times stand dealing with the political motived behind the problems and proved to be a staunch sup­ by A.B.N.“ ...... 11 subjugation of the countries in question by porter of our nations in their fight for free­ Soviet Russian imperialism, were, for ox- dom. Page 2 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Number 5/9

It is true tliat certain emigrant circles here either destroy or it will engulf the entire This should stand as a beacon of hope to were, to some extent, disappointed in the in­ world. all the enslaved nations of the Communist vestigatory committee’s manner of procedure. The Committee heard eye-witnesses to the empire. The spokesmen of some important national most terrible crimes ever committed against I refer particularly to the people of Estonia, groups of emigrants in Germany have for mankind. These crimes committed by the Rus­ Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, East Germany, instance expressed their regret at the fact sian Communists ranged from the devilish Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary, Rumania, Bul­ that certain of their political representatives torture of individuals to one brutal and garia, Byelorussia, Ukraine, Georgia, Ar­ were not given the hearing they deserved, heartless mass destruction of entire nations menia, Azerbaidzlian, Turkestan, Idel-Ural, that is to say, they had no opportunity to of people. Other witnesses bore testimony on Cossackia, North Caucasia, and Russia.“ explain the fundamental aspects of the prob­ the manner in which the Communists dese­ The solution of the political problems of lems of their country, an explanation which crate and destroy all those things that man­ the world at the present time could surely would have been essentia] in view of the fact kind has labored and died for up through not be defined more aptly. Men like Michael that American policy has so far in this con­ the centuries. In particular, we heard about A. Feiglian deserve our deepest admiration! nection failed to adopt the right attitude. It the tactics the Communists used to violate ' The Editor can hardly be assumed that this omission the integrity of the family and the sanctity was intentional, but rather due to lack of time of the home, to destroy all the temples of God on the part of the investigatory committee, regardless of the particular belief, the de­ Current World Problems which had an enormous amount of work to struction of all laws upon which the order of (Continued from Page 1) get through during its session. civilization is based, the gross perversion of A . Two: liberation and self-determination within As the champion of the integral freedom of historical truths and facts, and the climate the subjugated nations Congressman Kersten of fear which the elite leaders of the con­ the Muscovite Imperium. spiracy provoke in order to control the people. Q. Do you not believe that the safest way to All of these crimes when put together pre­ crush bolshevism leads over national revolutions sent a picture which is the blackest ever within the Russian dungeon of nations, to which the known to mankind. Western World should offer aid and co-operation? I was particularly impressed with the evid-, A. Yes, and not only the safest but the only way. ence presented by the spokesman for the Q. Is it not your opinion that the third World enslaved people of the non-Russian nations of the U.S.S.R. This testimony was supported War has begun, and what do you say to its concepts by documents and hard facts and eye-witness and methods? testimony of the tactics used by the Bolshev­ A . The Third World War was horn with the iks during the period of 1917 through 1921 to October Revolution of 1917. Its central conception destroy the national independence of some is Muscovite expansion, the Third Rome dressed fifteen non-Russian nations. For a great many up in Marx’s toga. Its methods were precisely de­ years Communist propaganda has been seek­ fined by Donoso Cortes 100 years ago when he said: ing to becloud the issue with respect to the national aspirations of the people of these “ Russia will fight in order to inflict defeats, and non-Russian nations. The testimony we have defeats in order to protect the defeated country. received will serve as a death blow to this And in the moment the defeated nation considers evil propaganda because it will expose the itself an ally it becomes Russia’s victim and prey. Soviet Union for what it is — the prison of The victories of Russia lead to ‘protection4 — her Congressman nations and the ruthless enslaver of all the Charles protection to death.“ people under its control. Q. In the struggle between the freedom-loving J. Kersten It is my fervent hope that from the testi­ mony taken here in Munich and elsewhere it world and Russian imperialism and communism, will be possible for the United States to what role would you give to the nations subjected develop a positive policy, calling for the liber­ by bolshevism? ation of all the nations and people enslaved A. I would give them the leading role, partic­ already enjoys considerable authority and by Communism, by our firm advocacy of ularly the Ukrainians; popularity. It is to be hoped that the insight into present national problems gained by the (1) because they are the greatest of the subjugat­ Committee and the documentary evidence ed peoples, which has been collected will prove decisive (2) the most wealthy, and (3) are within the iu influenciug the practical policy of the Muscovite Imperium, and therefore well placed to U.S.A., the leading power in the world. We wreck it. are well aware of the fact that in the ti.S.A. * and elsewhere in the free world, powerful John F. Sfewnrt hidden forces are still at work, •— forces which are trying to prevent Western policy from Chairman of the Scottish League for European pursuing a progressive and consistent course, Freedom which admits no concessions, forces which ad­ vocate the preservation of a Greater Russian “ For the Complete Disintegration Empire ana prefer to collaborate with the Communists, etc. We are likewise aware of oi any Kind of Russian Empire“ the fact that Mr. G. Kennan’s so-called Policy of Containment has not yet been abandoned Mr. John F. Stewart denounces “ Appease­ by the State Department. But, nevertheless, ment and Containment Policy“ and demands we are sure that the initiative taken by the an active liberation policy on the part of the Kersten Committee, which approaches the Western world and intensive co-operation with truth unbiassedly and courageously supports the principles of freedom, will in the end the underground movements of the nations prove decisive in determining a progressive subjugated by bolshevism. and constructive American policy, worthy of Q. What do you think of the Geneva Con­ the descendants of Lincoln and Washington. ference? And because this is our firm conviction we A. The Geneva Conference was not convened to congratulate the men of this Committee and discuss Indo-China; at the futile Berlin Conference, wish them every success. The hearts and hopes of the emigrants were those moral and political principles upon which was convened to settle an Austrian Treaty undoubtedly stirred most by a speech made by which the American way of life is based. and which failed, Mr. Eden’s one “ achievement“ one of the members of the Committee, namely Those moral and political principles are far was trumpeted throughout the world, the obtaining by Congressman Michael A. Feiglian. This more powerful in the cause of freedom and the consent to the Geneva Conference of the Rus­ speech was relayed by the American broad­ justice than are all the armies and destructive sians, to settle the Korean question. It also com­ casting stations in Munich on July 3, 1954, and weapons known to mankind. pletely failed, and attention was switched to Indo- we feel it our duty to repeat the contents for I sincerely believe that the testimony our China to save some kind of prestige for the West. Committee has been receiving from witnesses the benefit of our readers: Mr. Eden is praised for keeping the Conference in “During the time I have been in Munich, the who know best what Communism means and House Committee on Communist Aggression what must be done to defeat it, will make our being for so long, but it is overlooked that this pro­ has devoted eight days to taking testimony historic task, as Americans, much easier. longation was also Molotov’s policy, in his case to on Communist aggression. Although 1 have The basic policy of the United States, since gain all the more time to draw Western attention made a study of Communism, its methods, the days of its inception, has been based upon from preparations Russia is no doubt making for tactics, and objectives, some of the evidence the political belief that all nations large and a peripheral war elsewhere and for continuing produced during these hearings was startling small have not only the right but also the Russian war preparations. The Russians are the duty to separate themselves from any tyran­ in that it unmasked the terrible brutalities only gainers from the Geneva Conference, and and unbelievable inhumanities committed by nical oppressor. In more recent years we have the leaders and followers of Communism. expressed this policy by our unwavering they gained exactly what they wanted, time and There can be no doubt but that Communism support of the principle of national self- the opportunity to drive a wedge between America is an international conspiracy which we must determination. and Britain, which they are already exploiting. (Continued on Page 4) Number 5/9 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Page 3

The Third Congress of the A.B.N.

A defamation campaign directed against the eral FarkasdeKisbarnak, who is also definitely established and consolidated its A.B.N. by certain interested circles, who the President of the Hungarian Freedom status as the only comprehensive and com­ actually reported the dissolution of this lead­ Movement, dealt with the military questions mon, active co-ordination of the leading liber­ ing revolutionary organization of the nations concerned, in a concise and objective manner. ation organizations of a l l the nations sub­ subjugated by Moscow, was still in progress Short speeches were also made by the chief jected to Soviet Russian tyranny. when, at the end of March, this year, a plen­ delegates of all the other national organiza­ The A.B.N. represents the only genuine ary congress of the A.B.N. was held in Munich tions, in which they professed the sincere revolution and liberation ideology, the far- which was an impressive demonstration of allegiance of their organizations to the com­ reaching and historical significance of which the invincible fighting spirit of this movement mon cause of the fight for freedom. is based on the logical argument that bolshev­ and gave the lie to all the false assertions and The public meeting terminated with a free­ ism and the world-menace ensuing from it, defamations which had been uttered as regards dom manifesto, which w'as read out by the is not only an objectionable political the A.B.N. secretary-general of the Central Committee, system, but must at the same time and The Third Congress of the A.B.N. was at­ Dr. Ctibor P o k o r n y , and was greeted with above all be fought as Russian and for­ tended by the authorized representatives of enthusiastic applause. eign tyranny, which has resulted as a the liberation movements and organizations During the next two days the Congress fundamental evil of Russian imperialism and of the following nations: Albania, Armenia, delegates held working sessions in the course is the chief menace to world-civilization since it aims to achieve the national decima­ tion of the nations on this earth. Since bolshevism and Russian imperialism are an equal menace, a common a n d u n i t e d front has been set up, which con­ sists of all the non-Russian nations in the U.S.S.R. and even of those peoples in the so- called satellite states, and which, given the right attitude on the part of the Western World, when released will bring destruction to Soviet Russian tyranny like an avalanche. The A.B.N. not only champions the cause of national freedom, but also upholds the prin­ ciple of social justice and advocates national independence, in accordance with ethnographical principles, as the funda­ mental prerequisite for all possible integra­ tions. The A.B.N. most definitely rejects every artificial state structure by which various nations are forced to live in a common state against their wish. The A.B.N. exhorts the West to abandon all policies whidi are prepared to make con­ cessions to Moscow, to give up its dangerous and destructive co-operation with Communist collaborators and emigrant exponents of im­ perialist ideologies, and to give its active support to the deserving spokesmen of the n a t i o na 1 fight for freedom of the From left to right: Secretary-General of C.N., M. v. Alscliibaya — President of C.N., Veli Kajum Khan — nations which have been subjugated by Mos­ President of C. C., Yaroslav Stetzko — Secretary-General of C. C. Dr. Ct. Pokorny cow. It was ascertained with considerable satis­ Bulgaria, Byelorussia, Cossackia, Croatia, of which, in addition to detailed reports and faction during the Congress that certain Czechs, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Latvia, stimulating debates, a message to the sub­ theories and ideas whidi the A.B.N. has ad­ Lithuania, Slovakia, Turkestan and Ukraine. jugated nations and an appeal to the Western vocated for years, without always meeting It is interesting to note that in place of certain World were drafted, and resolutions and with any understanding on the part of the national delegations, who have left the A.B.N. guiding political principles, as supplement West, have now been adopted in the official for various reasons, a number of new and and amendment to the statutes of the organ­ policy of the West and are often cited, more important national organizations were ization, were drawn up and passed. practically word for word, by influential present at this Congress and were represented The Congress ended on March 29th with the Western spokesmen in the statements and by world-famous spokesmen of the respective election of the leading bodies of the A.B.N. speeches they make. national emigrants, as for instance, Prof. R. which are comprised as follows: The fact that many of our ideas are, above Ostrovski (Byelorussian) and General Presidency of the Central Committee of the all, evoking a response in the U.S.A. and in Leo Prcliala (Czech). In addition, the united A.B.N.: the policy of that country was a convincing front of the nations of the A.B.N. was further President: Yaroslav Stetzko (Ukraine); proof to the Congress that the steadfast and strengthened by the participation of Albania Vice-presidents: General (ret.) Ferenc F a r - uncompromising fight of the A.B.N. has so far and Armenia, which were represented for the k a s deKisbar nak (Hungary) and Minis­ not been in vain and must be continued in the first time by deserving and experienced sup­ ter (ret.) Khristo Stateff (Bulgaria); a same spirit and with the same implacable porters of the fight for freedom. third vice-president has not yet been elected; attitude towards Moscow and its knowing The Congress opened on March 2?tli with a Secretary-general: Prince Niko N a k a - and unknowing supporters in the West, in public assembly in the banqueting hall of the s h i d z e (Georgia). In accordance with the order to ensure the victory of the cause of Kolpiug House in Munich, which was attended statutes of the organization the plenum of the freedom, both in the interests of our nations by numerous guests of honour and press re­ Central Committee still consists of the and as a blessing for the whole world. presentatives and was exceedingly impressive nominated representatives of each of the na­ and a great success. More than 160 messages tional delegations. Greek Message to the A.B.N. and telegrams from all over the world, in­ Presidency of the Council of Nations of the cluding greetings from numerous official and A.B.N.: The Greek anti-Communist movement. notable personalities in the Western World, President: Prof. Dr. Ferd. D u r c a n s k y “Peace and Freedom“, lias sent a message of in particular in Germany, Great Britain, and (Slovakia); Vice-presidents: Prof. R. Ostrov­ greeting, signed by its President, General the U.S.A., etc., were then read. A number of ski (Byelorussia), General Leo Prcha la (ret.) V. Petropoulos, to the President of the our national organizations in the West sent (Czechia), and Dr. O. Loorits (Estonia); A.B.N., Mr. Yaroslav Stetzko. The message is the Congress messages expressing their solid­ Secretary-general: Editor J. Gytis (Lithu­ worded as follows: arity with the A.B.N. and their sincere wishes ania). “The Greek Committee sends you its for success in this great common cause. In addition, a court of arbitration, consist­ warmest greetings as well as its best wishes An opening address was held by the Pre­ ing of five members nominated by the Con­ for the success of the common struggle against sident of the A.B.N. National Council, Veli gress, was also appointed. international Communism. Whc shall certainly K a j u m Khan, who is the President of the keep you informed on our activities and will National Turkestanian Unity Committee. The The entire data on this memorable Third you please keep us informed on yours. President of the Central Committee and chief Congress of the A.B.N. will shortly he pub­ Please accept our monthly bulletin and also delegate of the O.U.N., Yaroslav S t e t z k o , lished in a special edition of the “ A.B.N. Cor­ the expression of our warmest appreciation then gave a detailed political report which respondence“. The following is a brief survey for the struggle you are carrying on as re­ dealt at length with all the current problems of the fundamental principles and work of presentatives of the brother-peoples, who concerning the liberation of our nations. The the Congress. groan under the oppression of Communist President of the Military Commission, Gen­ The Anti-Bolshevist Bloc of Nations (A.B.N.) tyranny.“ Page 4 ABN-C CORRESPONDENCE Number 5/9

Current World Problems A. Of course, World War III has been going on for some time and is continuing. But our politicians (Continued from Page 2) do not realise it, and Russia, as usual, who knows Q. How do you think the West could bring the dor, says in his Memoirs, “ Peter’s pitiless ambition, exactly what she wants, is gaining all along the ivar in Indo-China to a victorious end? the conquest of the greater part of Europe and Asia, line, by means of peripheral wars, Fifth Columns and subversive operations in all countries. A. It is too late now for the West to bring the still lies at the bottom of every Russian heart.“ I Indo-China War to a victorious end; they are al­ have been able to obtain ample confirmation of Q. In the struggle between the freedom-loving ready defeated, and Russia, which is behind both this in recent statements by Molotov, Malenkov ivorld and Russian imperialism and communism, Communist Viet Minh and Communist China, has and, shortly before his recent death, Litvinov. They what role would you give to the nations subjected advanced her base so much farther for the control all make nonsense of Sir Winston ChurchiH’s and by bolshevism? of South-east Asia, and, let it be noted, on the road Mr. Eden’s policy of “peaceful co-existence.“ A. The role for the 45 million Ukrainians and to Australia, where' the Petrov revelations have Fortunately, if British politicians will not take the millions of other subjugated peoples is, first shown she is preparing for ultimate conquest. notice, I am satisfied, from my own contacts, that of all, not to lose hope, hut to continue their the American people and the American Congress Q. Why do responsible Western politicians not opposition in every way possible. What I would are becoming more and more alive to the danger, use the same hind of strategy towards the revo- like to see, and which unquestionably would bring and the measures necessary to end it. lutionary movements for freedom, among the political support even in Britain, is a complete peoples subjected by bolshevism, as the Bolshevists Q . What ideas is tlieW esternW orld to propagate cessation of all internal Party strife, which, un­ do in Asia, e. g. Indo-China? Why is the free world in its struggle against Russia, in order to get the fortunately, exists, as far as I know, within all the not able to give, for instance, the Ukrainian In­ upper hand in that struggle? Is it the idea of subjugated nationalities, and a Conference of un­ surgent Army (U.P.A.) and other formations of the upholding the Russian empire in some form or doubtedly well accredited Representatives of all these nationalities, not to make speeches, public kind that are under the yoke of bolshevism, poli­ other, or is it the idea of national independence, or otherwise, but to hammer out a common policy tical. and technical support, in order to burst the and the state independence of each nation, sub­ for freedom of all nations and peoples, with the Russian Bolshevik empire from within. jugated by bolshevism? A . As I have already said, politicians in Britain- reasons for it and the conditions existing within A. In my opinion, which is just my own, the would not appear to favour any measure to dissolve their own lands, as brief as possible, and to pre­ reason why Britain, at least, does not assist the the Russian Empire or U.S.S.R. and restore free­ sent that common policy, not to United Nations, Resistance Movements of the non-Russian peoples dom to independent national States, and, even in of which I have a poor opinion, but direct to the dominated by the U.S.S.R. is that her politicians America, there is the group to which I have re­ Governments of all civilized nations and to follow are not sincere in their professions of opposition ferred. In Britain it is becoming increasingly diffi­ it up. To this Conference, as observers, I would to Communism, and that some Western circles are cult to find any influential press organ which will invite important representatives from America, Bri­ as determined as Stalin was to maintain “ Holy give space even to letters explaining the views I tain, Germany and Spain, the four countries which, Mother Russia: One and Indivisible“ . It would, in have expressed. The reason is anybody’s guess; together, could impose their will even on the the end, he easier to exploit and gain economic, I have my own opinion. U.S.S.R. political and military control over one undivided If the Scottish League for European Freedom Q. Do you not believe that the safest ivay to great block than to keep in subjection a number could help this in any way, it would. It is not, like crush bolshevism leads over national revolutions of smaller States determined to fight to the last so many Crook or Crank Associations with profes­ within the Russian dungeon of nations, to ivhich the for freedom. Humanity and justice count for very sed anti-Communist objectives, especially in Amer­ Western World should offer aid and co-operation? little with our politicians in these days compared ica, supported by unlimited financial resources, with expediency. There is no doubt that, in Amer­ A. Certainly, the only way to crush bolshevism some from questionable sources. We have no sup­ ica, there is a small but extremely powerful group is through national Revolutions within the U.S.S.R., port from outside and work only on the subscrip­ which is also determined to maintain one undivided to which the West should lend their aid and co­ tions of actual members. We want nothing for our­ Russian Empire. operation, and, while still of the opinion that British selves, but work entirely for freedom and justice Q. Do you not think, that of the tivo conceptions politicians as a whole are not sincere in their for all peoples. And so, we are controlled by none, of ivar — the one a periphery war, ivhich Russia opposition to Communism. I have made quite re­ hut are completely independent. And we are, if is trying to force upon the West, and that of a cently some encouraging contacts among them. If our people would only realise it, working for what concentric, defensive war, i. e. a counter-attack on we could get at the ordinary man and woman with is most assuredly a definite British interest, indeed, the ethnic Russian territory, the very foundations the actual truth, I am certain that the old Britain, the supreme British interest, the peace and safety of bolshevism and the whole evil, — only the latter the uncompromising foe of oppression anywhere, of the world. would again emerge. But, how it is to be done is sober reality and promises the West success? And so, we are pleased to know that our modest without some help from the press I have not yet A. From the time of the humiliating Berlin air League, which was the first to take up this cause, been able to see. lift, as I was able to have published in the press, and has worked consistently from 24th August, Q . Is it not your opinion that the third World and which was encouraged by Moscow to keep the 1939, carries considerable weight in many lands War has begun, and what do you say to its concepts attention of the West from Russian preparations where we have now close collaborators, including and methods? for the Korean War, it was obvious to any intelli­ countries as far away as South Korea and Formosa. gent observer that Russian policy was to fight the West as long as possible by peripheral wars by deputy, losing not a man, while inflicting grievous Telegram sent to President of Republic Korea loss on the West, especially on America, in blood arid treasure. Later, I forecast that, when Russia Mr. Syngman IS Sice allowed the Indo-China War to slacken, it was be­ Your Excellency: cause she was prepared for the next peripheral war somewhere else. We have the honor to express our great respect for you and your people in the heroic struggle with Moscow-Chinese communism and imperialism — the greatest menace to the Certainly, the only way of sober reality and pro­ peoples all over the world. mise of Western success is attack on ethnic Russia. We greet you, Mr. President, as a symbol of freedom for Korea and Asia. I have warned my American contacts that, in my We greet you as a symbol of unity for a free Korea, Asia, Europe and the free West. opinion, the non-Russian peoples would not wel­ The Ukrainian nation for at least 35 years has continuously struggled with Moscovite come “liberation“ through the dropping of hydro­ communism and imperialism and has made untold sacrifices and continues to do so to this gen bombs on their homelands, with the consequent day, and therefore in your struggle and fight for freedom we have the utmost sympathy. destruction of their people. We have faith in our common aim to defeat the enemies of freedom and mankind, because Q. What value do you attach to the so-called we have Good and Truth on our side. appeasement policy and the containment policy of George Kennan? Long live free Korea! Long live free Ukraine! A. The so-called “ appeasement“ policy, and the “ containment“ policy are idle dreams. I have done Long live the United States! my best to inform public opinion that nothing hut General I. Omelanovyeh Pawlenko the complete disintegration of any kind of Russian Honorary President of A.F. A.B.N. Ukrainian Branch in Chicago Empire, and the “ containment“ of the Russians in­ Engineer S. G o 1 a s li side “ ethnic“ Russia or Muscovy will end the Russian Veteran of Ukrainian Insurgent Army danger to the civilized world. Since the mingling of Mrs. U. Celewych Muscovite and Mongol/Tartar blood seven or eight Vice-President of A.F. A.B.N. Ukrainian Branch in Chicago hundred years ago, what we now call Russia has Mr. W. J a c k i w never ceased her march to World conquest, and has Ukrainian Veteran of Korean War no intention at the present day of doing so. As Professor D. Shnmey Prince Adam Czartoryski, once a Russian Ambassa­ Organization of Defense of Four Freedoms of Ukraine Number 5/9 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Page 5

Yaroslav Stelzko U.S.A. wanted to help to spread freedom and would not put any obstacles in its way. He stressed the fact that the U.S.A. was not striv­ The Era of the Fight for Freedom ing to perpetuate Western colonialism, hut regarded the modern imperialist colonialism An Analysis of the General Political Situation at Present of the Communists as even less tenable . . . He pointed out that when the war broke out in At the Second Congress of the A.B.N. in not accept as the guiding principle for its Vietnam in 1946, Indo-China wras a French May, 1948, the following points were stressed policy the fact that it is precisely the national colony which had just been liberated from Ja­ in the course of a lecture which dealt with the freedom movements of the subjugated nations panese occupation. This, he added, was a war fundamental principles of this organization: which are disintegrating the great Soviet which from the very outset had been waged empire from within? Or is Russia, which knows for the cause of national independence and “ The national liberation process is develop­ no other method but to resort to brutal terror­ now international Communism was using it for ing throughout the whole world with a power ism in order to fight the powerful idea of its own purpose . . . and France was to gratify hitherto unknown. Large empires are dis­ national freedom within its own empire, to be these aims by giving the states of Vietnam, integrating as the era of national states allowed to go on propagating the principle of Laos, and Kambodcha complete independence. dawns. . . We must not overlook the fact that independence for all nations outside its front­ That would knock the bottom out of the lying bolshevism is cunningly’ making use of the iers and using it treacherously and successfully claims of the Communists, namely that they were nationalism of the colonial nations in order to against the West?“ conducting this war for the cause of national undermine the strength of its Western allies... independence . . . Mr. John Foster Dulles then A new epoch which will bring the triumph of In connection with these thoughts we have stressed that it would he wiser to rely more on national principles throughout the whole on various occasions been reproached with hav­ national armies that fight on their own soil . . . world is about to begin. . . Unlike imperialist ing shown too much interest for Indo-China The report published by Mr. John Foster ideologies, the revolutionary fight for freedom and having caused the French to become our Dalles after his journey to the Near and of the nations which have been subjugated by enemies as a result of our attitude, since we Middle East also contained many enlightening the Soviets stresses above all the national have critized their obsolete colonial policy thoughts as regards the general political situ­ principle as the only genuine and effective in North Africa, where champions of the ation at present. He claimed national inde­ cause of national freedom are libelled as being revolutionary principle which will bring about pendence for all the dependent nations in the a new order of the world. . . This new order is alleged “ Communists“ , as well as their out­ Near and Middle East, that is to say the end of a revolutionary one and stands for freedom, moded colonial methods in Indo-China, which all colonial privileges on the part of France justice and equality, which are the aims of all have resulted in the anti-Communist fight and Great Britain, who by their outmoded sound-minded men. The anti-bolshevist fight ending up in a dead alley. imperial policy are indirectly helping the Bol­ for freedom of the subjugated nations excludes It is gratifying to us to ascertain, after all shevists in their efforts to lead these colonial on principle every form of imperialism and the past years which have brought new facts nations astray and thus strengthen the Bol­ chauvinism in international relations and and new proof to light, that there is no one, shevist world-front. demands the same right to an independent apart from some shady reactionaries, among Mr. J. Foster Dulles said that the British and existence and an independent development those who are anxious as to the fate of world French governments should grant the depen­ for all nations... freedom who does not share our opinion. The dent nations complete independence without statements made by Mr. John Foster Dulles on World peace can thus only he achieved by delay, before it was too late, and in this way May 9, 1954, in connection with the Geneva the dissolution of the Bolshevist empire, successfully counteract bolshevism. Conference are most striking. and not by supporting imperialist ideo­ Obstacles to the Anti-Bolshevist Fight logies, which from the outset have as their aim He said that the U.S.A., as the first colony the conquest and subjugation of other na­ to obtain its independence itself in the course So-called “ greater territory ideologies“ , by tions. . . The unity of the W’orld and the end of modern history, instinctively shared the means of which empires disguise themselves of war can only be achieved if all the nations aims of all dependent and colonial nations to now'adays, enable the Bolshevists to utilize na­ become free in their own states and if the wish obtain their freedom, and added that the tional fights for freedom for their own purpose. of the people is the deciding factor as regards (Continued on Page 6) union or co-operation with other nations. . . We stand for freedom and justice and equality for all the nations of the world alike.“ Dr. Oscar Loorits Two and a half years later the “ A.B.N. Cor­ respondence“ (1950, No. 11) published an Representative of the Estonian Independence Movement article, entitled “ What Does the West Need for Victory“ , which stressed the following points: The Mission of the Emigrants “ Neither the nations which are suppressed and deceived by the West nor their national­ In addition to our own personality as individuals, guise of collaborating with the U.N. or the ism is responsible for the fact that there is no wc refugees in exile always represent our nation, UNESCO, etc., and thus becomes implicated in the most brutal murder of nations which has ever been united anti-bolshevist front of the Asiatic and too. Wc do not need to be ambitious for our own selves, but we are, however, in duty bound to committed in the course of bistory. For our nations Western nations in Asia at the present time. protest courageously and to demand equal rights are just as valuable as the free and ruling nations, The colonial policy of the Western powers is whenever our nations are scorned and degraded. If and we have the same right as they to an in­ to blame for this. And France is to blame for we adapt ourselves to our surroundings we can dependent culture. We do not intend to let our­ the present Communist insurrection in Indo- personally lead quite a’ comfortable life in exile. selves be brutally slaughtered, and in our opinion China since she ignored the efforts of that But as representatives of our nations, however, we it is an unpardonable sin against humanity and country to obtain its independence for so long are always champions of a five-fold independence, Christian doctrines to slight us and to sacrifice our that the Communists were able to play their namely the individual, economic, social, cultural, nations for purely egoistic reasons, since the turn of the present masters of the situation is bound to deceitful game with the idea of national liber­ and above all political independence of our countries, —• the champions of the liberation of come some day. ation. Is it not both a paradox and a tragedy millions of our fellow-countrymen who are being But we do not confine ourselves to empty that certain nations in their struggle for na­ tortured to death behind the Iron Curtain. The demands and protests. We, too, resort to the “ cum tional freedom are beginning to put their trust more our national sovereignty is prejudiced, the tacent — clamant“ tactics, which we are forced to in Moscow? It is time the West was warned more must we personally support our national adopt in particular as regards the political and not to confuse national and social freedom cause and assert our rights to judge independently, intellectual aspect. The constant tension of the movements with Communist rebellions. The to proclaim the truth about the red “ Paradise“ situation makes it imperative that we should be West must discriminate between the natural unhesitatingly, and to appeal to the conscience of alert and active. If we ourselves, as individuals, the free world again and again in order to make and genuine struggle of the nations to gain are destroyed — a wish that is often expressed as the latter conscious of its responsibility. regards political refugees — , our nations will find their independence and the agitation-watch­ In the course of the years we have seen much words of the Bolshevists which often purport it all the harder to assert themselves and will be that was evil and have been robbed of many of our deprived of the moral support of their emigrants to have the same meaning. . . illusions. We have become acquainted with the true which they long for. The national spirit which we nature of strange peoples and countries and no The era of empires is irrevocably past; world personify by our personal unflinching steadfastness events will lead to their disintegration and to longer idealize them. We do not claim that our nations should he idealized by others, hut only seek must defy even the worst of conditions and must the independence and freedom of all the na­ to warn the free world lest it adopt the attitude shape our national sovereignty. We ask God’s tions. . . Why does the West not draw the of a modern Pilate towards the systematic destruc­ blessing for the future of our nations, a future logical conclusions as regards the nations which tion of our nations, lest it approve and continue which we must help to prepare by our unwavering have been subjugated by Russia? Why does it this destruction either passively or even under the attitude and strength. Page 6 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Number 5/9

The Era of the Fight for Freedom the way of the only possible policy of the (Continued from Page 5) U.S.A. in Asia. In this connection the “ Specta­ tor“ points out that Sir Winston Churchill’s The unscrupulous and cunning way in which The Western imperial nations are not faced obstinate demand for a meeting on the highest the Bolshevists misuse the idea of national hy the problem of how their present empires level for the purpose of orientation, the reluc­ sovereignty can, for instance, be seen from the can he saved, but how the European continent tance of the British Government to support following statements, made hy Malenkov in a can he saved. France is endeavouring to retain the undoubtedly simple hut nevertheless sound speech he held on April 27, 1954, during the Indo-China or. Morocco and Tunisia, instead American policy of inflexibility as regards all session of the Supreme Soviet of the U.S.S.R.: of clearing up matters in her own country, Communist manoeuvres» and the destructive “ The fashionable theory that the era of sov­ which shelters millions of Moscow’s Fifth Co­ activity of certain fanatical anti-American ele­ ereign states is already past and gone is a com­ lumnists. Undoubtedly, the French nation pos­ ments in Great Britain have rendered a posi­ plete misrepresentation of the truth. No, the sesses sound elements, as can be seen from the tive British policy impossible. era of sovereign states is not past and gone! example of de Castrie. We sympathize most The Geneva farce was all that the bolshe- It is at its very height.“ sincerely with the Vietnamese and the French vists needed in order to send out their lying of Dien-Bien-Pliu, who, in the cause of honour watchwords to the nations of Asia, Africa and Such statements are of course two-edged as and freedom, defended their lost positions to the rest of the world front an international far as Moscow is concerned. Seeing that the the utmost. It may perhaps he argued that the forum. In addition, Moscow and Peking were Bolshevists are trying to create the impression French after all only defended their own co­ eager to gain time and to capture as much that all the nations of the U.S.S.R. and the lonies, but in such a case it is not a question of territory as possible whilst negotiations were satellite states enjoy sovereignty, it is time colonies, hut of something greater, namely the still in progress, in order to forestall Mr. their fanciful phrases about sovereignty are defense of freedom, with elemental strength, Dulles’ plan for a Southeast Asia defence pact. shown up and far-reaching solutions arrived at. against Moscow’s tyranny. It is true that the We reject the so-called “ greater territory In addition to the motto of sovereignty, the West makes many errors, serious and unpar­ ideologies“ as a camouflage for imperialist motto of the dissolution of the Russian empire donable errors, hut it is nevertheless on our aims and have rejected them for some time. and the detachment of the subjugated nations side in the anti-Bolshevist front. We should The nations no longer put their trust in “ pro­ must he adopted. not try to he more Catholic than the Pope, tectorates“ of any kind and do not easily agree Instead of which, however, the unwise policy otherwise we might finish up in some “ natio­ to imperialist substitute plans. They demand of the Western empires enables bolshevism to nal front“ or other . .. Our negative attitude a chance to develop their own strength so as to gain many supporters for its cause and to towards the colonial policy of France is well- he able to protect their freedom successfully. strengthen its war potential, not only as re­ known, but it does not prevent us from hon­ For this reason they wish to he rid of imperial­ gards manpower and material, but also as re­ ouring and respecting the heroism of those ist ties and to set up their own sovereign states, gards political ideologies. Bolshevism always who defended Dien-Bien-Plm. so as to be able to have their own say later on sets out to win over supporters with deceptive And yet, under the present circumstances, as regards possible continental integrations watchwords, which the nation concerned ende­ Dien-Bien-Pliu, as regarded from the political and similar matters. Communism in Asia and avours to realize (as for instance the partition and strategic point of view, is hut a fragment Bolshevist world-aggression can only he suc­ of large estates among the peasants), only to without further significance. France’s empire cessfully opposed by realizing the idea of na­ he forced to endure even more enslavement, in Asia cannot be saved by force. The vital tional freedom and satisfying social ethics, but starvation, and terrorization once the Bolshe­ question is how to divert and destroy the bol- not hy making fine phrases and empty pro­ vists have seized their country. slievist ivorld-menace and not hoiv to continue mises. Mao Tse-Tung professed to adopt a new the suppression of a nation in a more lenient though disastrous faith, a new but deceptive form than the Russian bolshevist ivay. Magaa tharla libcrtalis social programme, by means of which he be­ The West can no longer save the general trayed the people, who in their despair and The Geneva Farce political situation hy adopting half-measures. distress allowed themselves to he coerced. Far­ The prerequisite for successful action as re­ Mr. John Foster Dulles acted wisely when he sighted Americans attempted to wage a war gards the world-political and military aspect is against Mao Tse-Tung in the cause of freedom left Geneva under protest and, in doing so, a Big Freedom Charter, which must be proclaim­ when it was already too late. The starving mas­ affirmed that he would only return when his ed hy the West without delay and must stress ses, however, were already entreating: deprive British and French colleagues were at their the following points: completely indepen­ us of our freedom and give us bread instead! wits’ end. For nothing can be achieved hy dent and sovereign national states for all na­ Mao Tse-Tung promised them bread, but gave diplomatic tricks. There are only two alter­ tions; non-intervention in the home affairs of them neither bread nor freedom. By the time natives: either Great Britain and France are the nations; a just social and democratic order; the Chinese realized this, Mr. Cliiang Kai-Shek powerful enough to obtain a favourable peace liquidation of the remnants of the feudal co­ was already on Formosa. Mr. Cliiang Kai-Shek by force, or else they are too weak to do so, lonial system; a ruthless extermination of can still oppose Mao Tse-Tung even today, but and in that case a peace will only be of ad­ communism and the simultaneous and effec­ not hy relying on the support of former feudal vantage to bolshevism. Thus it is immaterial tive realization of far-reaching social reforms land-owners, capitalists and reactionaries whether a temporary armistice is reached in (in the first place as regards agrarian policy), (which, in principle, was precisely what led to Indo-China or not. The present state of affairs etc. Mao’s victory), hut with the aid of a genuine cannot avail the West in any way if it has not social justice and equality, which is based, not sufficient power and not the right political The Big Freedom Charter is to appeal above on a Russian or Marxist, hut on a Chinese so­ conception to bring about a solution in prin­ all to those nations which have been subjugat­ cial and national programme, on the traditions ciple of the complicated Asiatic problem. ed hy Russia and by communism, and in this connection the watchwords of the free Western of this great civilized nation. The reason for the failure of the West so far, World must be the partition of the great Rus­ It is true that the West signed the Atlantic is that the communist hinterland numbers sian empire into sovereign national states ac­ Charter, hut it did not observe the conditions more than half a thousand million people and cording to ethnographical principles, de-collec­ of the same. The Western Allies mobilized the avails itself of an attractive hut deceptive and tivism and de-proletarianism, the general gu­ nations of Asia for a war against Japan in the hackneyed idea of national independence and arantee of private property, and the return of cause of freedom hy proclaiming watchwords ^liquidation of feudal and colonial conditions. all deported persons and nations to their na­ of freedom, hut they failed to realize these Communism in Asia must he defeated from tive country. watchwords. It was only under pressure of within, that is to say above all hy the Asiatics U.S.A. that the Netherlands yielded in the mat­ themselves and in particular by a simultaneous A further watchword of the Big Freedom ter of Indonesia, and it was only owing to uprising of all the nations in the entire Soviet Charter must he the active support of the re­ the general tension in the political situation in Russian sphere of influence which have been presentative spokesmen of the subjugated na­ the world that India and Pakistan regained subjugated hy Russia. tions, who are the champions of the freedom their freedom. France, however, has not kept Whilst, on the one hand, the statements of the latter, and co-ordination of the anti-Bol­ her promise. Her bargaining with Bao-Dai has made hy Mr. John Foster Dulles show that this shevist world-fight for freedom with them, disclosed the results achieved by the latter in leading statesman of the U.S.A. has a profound since they alone can restore the dwindling Indo-China. The valiant defense of Dien-Bien- understanding of the demands of the anti-bol- faith of the subjugated nations in the Western Phu was in vain, for France has been far too shevist fight, the Western front, on the other World. tardy in making her promises. The U.S.A. hand, is considerably weakened hy the widely In the course of the celebrations which were alone still enjoy a certain amount of confi­ diverging opportunist attitude of the other recently drawn up by Moscow on a grand and dence among the nations of Asia, hut this con­ Western partners. Even Sir Winston Churchill, lavish scale to mark the 300th anniversary of fidence is gradually being undermined as a who together with Mr. Roosevelt made the the Treaty of Pereyaslav, Ukraine was pro­ result of the indecision of America’s policy. mistake of surrendering all the so-called satel­ claimed the second nation in rank to the Rus­ Only a determined attitude and action on a lite states in Europe and half of Asia to the sian nation and the “ joint support of the em­ large scale can save the situation. Russians, is now placing various obstacles in pire“ . This is, of course, nothing but demagogy, (Continued on Page 14) Number 5/9 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Page ?

American, National Chinese and Korean Politicians Support the Ideology of the A.B.N.

The speeches made at the banquet held, in the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, New York, on the occasion o f the 10th anniversary o f the foundation o f the A.B.N.

The Hun. 0. K. Armstrong dom. We are using the word “ Liberation“ and why, Europe, Eastern Europe, Asia and elsewhere, all Acting Chairman for National Conference o f Freedom because the Iron Curtain of totalitarian Bolshevik men, North and South Korea, yes, all men are and Peace Through Liberation enslavement has fallen down, crushing out the created equal and they are endowed by their liberties of so many hundreds of millions of people. Creator with certain unalienable rights, among ’’Freedom for all Nations“ We feel then that the Crusade is urgent. In the them life and liberty and the pursuit of happiness. We are pleased to publish the speech made ideal of America is this heritage engraved over How are you going to realize the ideal of equality by former Congressman 0. IC. Armstrong, the portals of the Supreme Court in just four words without liberation? How are you going to realize ivlio is now the head of the movement in the “ Equal Justice Under Law.“ How can there be the ideal of a peace, that will be lasting and U.S.A. known as “Peace By Liberation“. The any equal justice, when men are chained in slavery. durable, because it is based upon justice without Hon. 0. K. Armstrong is a sincere friend of In our heritage is a word which we speak of with freedom? Alright, having said that, let us conclude the nations subjugated by bolshevism and hus reverence and call it “ equality“ . What does it mean, with this thought; what then is our task? Our task a profound knowledge of our problems. what did Thomas Jefferson mean when he said now is to try to find ways and means to implement “ We hold these truths to he self-evident that all this whole idea of liberation. I feel very keenly on “ Mr. Toastmaster, Distinguished Ladies and men are created equal“ . All men, those of Western the matter because a little over a year ago I Gentleman and My Friends. At this Great Banquet (Continued on Page 8) celebrating this auspicious occasion it is a great General F. Farkas de Kisbarnak privilege and honour to he here tonight. I do appreciate the kind words of the Toast­ President of the Hungarian Liberation Movement master in presenting me. I am honored to be here and just bring this word of greeting and perhaps a word of encouragement from the depths of my The Significance of Partisan Resistance heart. I can assure you that many of my former colleagues with whom I served in the last session of Congress would be here tonight and at every The following article, which will no doubt have been highly dismayed at certain remarks to meeting in which liberation is discussed and plann­ be of general interest to our readers, is an the effect that the communist bloc is an imposing ed, if they possibly could. I sometimes wonder extract from an extremely interesting and power, a united force, in which there can be no noteworthy, survey by General Farkas de whence came this great idea of freedom. Our talk of a revolution or of the nations imprisoned honored speaker Admiral Men/ went back to a Kisbarnak, the President of the A.B.N. Military behind the Iron Curtain desiring any change in the statement of a great religious leader little more Commission. (Editor’s note.) regime to which they are subjected. than three centuries after the beginning of the In the course of World AVar II, hundreds of The revolution of June 16th and 17th, 1953, in East Germany and the insurrections which followed Christian Era and wrapped up in what St. Augustine thousands of soldiers of the Red Army surrendered in Poland, Hungary and elsewhere have, however, said was this ideal of freedom. From the time that and were willing to fight against their oppressors. shattered all illusions in this respect at one blow, man has sought freedom it has been a part of a In the next war this will be the case to an even great crusade and mankind has struggled for greater extent, a fact which is corroborated by the and “ the unbelievable has become a fact“ ; mass insurrections and strikes certainly are possible liberty through all the ages. thousands who are seeking refuge in the West at behind the Iron Curtain! Painfully he has received freedom if he was the present time. This question must therefore not willing to fight for it and all of that time it has only be taken into account in the eventuality of a The workers in Berlin, Leipzig, Halle, Magde­ rested upon a moral basis. Let’s think about that war, but certain thorough and large-scale prepara­ burg, and many other industrial areas revolted in for just a moment, those of us whether we were tions, in which the emigrant units can render a a body, put an end to Soviet administration, liberat­ born in this country, whether we live here now as very valuable service, must also be made to deal ed political prisoners, and shouted in unison, “ We citizens or hope to he citizens, whatever our an­ with it. want freedom and bread and shall kill the Rus­ cestry. From whence came those of our founding The army command must devote its attention in sians“ . fathers front the old countries, as my grandfather, particular to the underground movements and the Unfortunately, the West was not prepared for himself, called it, and he was Irish. No wonder I insurgent forces which are active in the subjugated these events and the English and French attitude join every crusade that passes by, because that has countries, since they represent a strength of hun­ of “ non-interference“ was adopted as decisive. As been tile history of the Irish. From whence they dreds of thousands behind the Soviet main fighting a result, the soldiers of the Western Powers looked came, they came here seeking liberty. Our founding front in case of war, and may well play a most im­ on idly whilst the Germans fought the Russian fathers in this nation believed, as did that great portant part in deciding the issue of the war. tanks with their hare hands. This passive attitude lover of freedom, Thomas Jefferson, they believed The insurgent forces thus deserve every form of on the part of the West evoked considerable dis­ that liberty stands from a righteous principle. Not support possible, for they may, when the occasion appointment among the many millions of the sub­ long ago my wife and I put our two youngest boys presents itself, render the AVest an invaluable jugated nations and bitter feelings among the in­ in the car and we drove down; Admiral and Mrs. service and save the lives of countless soldiers. surgents. Mentz, you are familiar with the home of Thomas Time alone will prove the great significance of The West, however, is eventually bound to come Jefferson, and there we visited that home and this resistance, but its actual strength will only be to the conclusion that if it does not support the stood in front of the gravestone that marks the last able to assert itself, if it is co-ordinated with the subjugated nations in their revolutions, but con­ resting place of that great lover of liberty, and we strength of external military manpower. tinues to defer the freedom it has promised them read inscribed on that gravestone these words These forces, combined with the strength of mil­ so long, it will gradually lose the support of these “ Thomas Jefferson, Author of the Declaration of lions fighting desperately for their freedom, can forces which are at present still at its disposal, and Independence, Author of the Statute for Religious be likened to an atomic time-bomb, the fuse of in fact, they may in the course of time even become Freedom, Founder of the University of Virginia“ which is at present still in the hands of the West. its enemies. and that was all. It did not say that he had been It cannot explode on its own, but when once the The enormous importance of the nations behind President of the United States or any of the other hour of liberation has come and freedom is within the Iron Curtain as powerful allies of America from great political honours because he considered the reach, it will go off with such force that the terror­ the military point of view cannot be stressed greatest contribution he had made in his life-time ist regime will he swept away for all time. enough. And even the seventy divisions which a^e was the furthering of the cause of liberty, of free­ The strength of this resistance and the insurgent to be set up behind the Iron Curtain and consist dom, of education, of opportunity, of Democracy, forces are important as far as the AVest is concern­ only of men of the subjugated nations belonging and these other things in our heritage that have ed, for the simple reason that the latter, in case of to the S.S. satellite countries might, under certain sprung from this great ideal of liberty. Today our war, will not have sufficient reserves to occupy the conditions, become the firm allies of the West. If liberty is challenged by an ideology that says “ man whole of the vast Soviet realm. A second front the Soviets then have to use another seventy has no freedom except that which an all powerful composed of these allies, who proved their strength divisions to combat possible insurrections, this Polit Bureau permits him to have.“ How diametri­ during the last war, will thus be indispensable. I huge loss of manpower on the part of the Red cally opposed is that to the urging within the refer in particular to the well-known Ukrainian Army will probably prove decisive for the issue of human heart that caused one of onr early patriots Insurgent Army (U.P.A.), of whose strength and the war. to say, as all who believe in freedom today are action I was able to convince myself personally Bolshevism uses brutal methods and loses no willing to say, when Patrick Henry stood in that during the fighting at the Tatra Pass in the year time in acting. It effaces its real and its imaginary little church in Richmond, Va., and said “ is life so 1944. enemies systematically. But despite this fact, the sweet and peace so dear as to be purchased at the Various emigrants’ newspapers in the Western key to victory lies in the hands of the AVest, for price of chains and slavery. Forbid it Almighty World have on numerous occasions drawn attention the subjugated millions are still its natural allies. God. I care not what course others may take, but to the sentiments and attitude of the nations behind And in this respect and on the strength of the as for me “ Give me Liberty or Give me Death.“ the Iron Curtain and to their embittered feelings resistance movements of the subjugated nations a Only to those of you who represent Nationalist against bolshcvist terrorism, as well as to the fact decision should now be readied. Groups, who are willing in this country to help that the white partisans from time to time engage A delay is bound to prove detrimental and will those of us in official positions or unofficial posi­ in open warfare. But certain statesmen in the West eventually lead to a bolshcvist world revolution tions, strengthen and implement this idea of free­ have refused to believe these reports. In fact, we and to the destruction of AVestern civilization. Page 8 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Number 5/9

that men have to bring to gain and to preserve the gift of freedom, and would save effort, material, Memorandum for the Geneva Conference and countless human lives. If your Excellency should share our view and to the Foreign Secretaries John Foster Dulles and Anthony Eden grant us your help we can assure you of the full and whole-hearted support of the nations enslaved Munich, 29th April, 1954 quest, and Greece, Persia and South Korea survive. by Bolshevik Russia and united in the aspirations Your Excellency, The Berlin Allied Air Lift broke the Berlin of the Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations. They, and blockade. Finally, the clear and repeated assurance we, shall he entirely with you. In continuation of the memorandum which we by the United States, and by the other Western took the liberty to submit to your Excellency on Assuring you of our profound regard, Powers, that they desire the unification of Ger­ the occasion of the recent Power Conference in We are, many encouraged the noteworthy and heroic de­ Berlin, we now venture to put on record a few monstration by the people of Eastern Germany, in Your Excellency’s obedient servants. notes on the problems of South-East Asia to he June 1953. The Central Committee of the Anti-Bolshevik Bloc discussed at the forthcoming conference at Geneva, We hope that your Excellency will forgive these of Nations. as they appear to us, the, leaders of the Anti-Bol­ historical reminiscences. They are intended to shevik Bloc of Nations, in Europe. bring out the fact that Russian ambitions can be After the Berlin Conference your Excellency checked and Russian pretensions countered success­ „Freedom for all Nations“ referred to the principle of Russian policy never fully only by an uncompromising attitude and (Continued from Page 7) to give way on any ground where Russians have determined pressure by the Western Powers from gained a foothold. We entirely agree with this without, and that this attitude and such pressure was out making campaign speeches and when I statement by your Excellency and are convinced will be most effective when they coincide or are spoke I said, “ the time has come for an administra­ that the same principle equally applies to tlie situ­ co-ordinated with the activities of the National tion that will implement liberation and that will ation in Asia. The unsurmountable obstacles to a Resistance Movements of the enslaved nations announce to the whole world that we will never satisfactory agreement encountered by the Western within the Soviet Empire and her Yassals. Only by forget those people now enslaved by the Bolsheviks Powers in Berlin are hound again to he met with whole-hearted support of their aspirations by the and that we will work officially for their liber­ at Geneva. Free West could the Soviets be brought to disgorge ation“ . We are hoping, Ladies and Gentlemen, that The history of Russian policy during the whole the fruits of recent aggression and earlier con­ out of the Conference, the reference is made to the of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries presents quests. Washington Conference on Liberation in Decem­ plentiful examples of Russia never, at any Inter­ Both Lenin and Nicolas II expressed their con­ ber, will come definite recommendations, one part national Congress or Conference, having agreed to viction that the road to the conquest of Europe, of which will be sent to Congress, definite recom­ surrender any gains of conquest or other spoils of and ultimately of America, lies through Asia. This mendations as to what our Congress should do to aggression except after a military defeat or under view explains the hypocrisy with which the Soviet set in motion these forces of liberation. Certainly threat of war. The Russian defeat in the Crimea Empire tries to win the confidence and support of we can ask for the support of all the American in 1855 compelled her to renounce her claim to the those peoples of the East who are still dependencies people, for the Kersten Investigation of the wiping Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. of Western countries, by appearing to encourage out of the sovereignty of the little Baltic Countries. Only the presence of the British Fleet in the Sea their Nationalist aspirations and by inveighing We can go ahead and ask for other investigations of Marmara at the time of the Russo-Turkish war against the “ Imperialism“ of such Western Powers and for other support of resistance movements, of 1877/78 and the uncompromisingly firm attitude and the “ feudal system“ maintained by them in underground movements, and everything that this of the British Foreign Office at the Congress of such dependencies. great Government can do to implement the an­ Berlin forced her to abandon her plans to gain The remedy would clearly he the unequivocal nounced policy of liberation. We can go further control of the Dardanelles and to establish her than that, let us ask President Eisenhower and leadership of the Balkan nations. Only her defeat declaration by all such Western Powers of their adherence to the principle of ultimate national Mr. John Foster Dulles, both of whom, as great by Japan in 1905 brought Russia to a halt in the emancipation and self-determination for all Na­ leaders of this nation, have joined with Democrats Far East and for the time being forced her out of and Republicans alike in Congress, in saying that Korea and Manchuria. tionalities. A clear enunciation of these principles would cut the ground from under the feet of Soviet liberation is our policy. Let us say to them first When in 1918 the peoples whom Tsarist Russia propaganda in the East. Combined with moral sup­ of all, take such steps as will maintain the hope of had enslaved took up arms, their gallant fight for port for the nations groaning under Soviet oppres­ those people behind the Iron Curtain that they will freedom, backed by a German ultimatum at Brest- sion and assistance to their Resistance Movements, not be forgotten, and we might have to be just a Litovsk, caused Lenin and Trotzky to cease from it would range the entire freedom-loving world, little bit specific. We might have to say to them, asserting their demand that the Baltic countries, whether under the Soviet yoke at present, living Mr. President and Mr. Secretary of State we mean Poland and Ukraine, should be returned to them. by that, that you needn’ t be caught in any trap, you Earlier, Poland’s, Finland’s and Ukraine’s pro­ in the shadow of fear of the Soviet threat, or as yet untouched by danger, solidly against the com­ needn’ t he caught going over crawling on your clamations of their independence after the Febru­ munist aggressor. hands and knees to Moscow to hold a conference. ary Revolution and their determination to defend The only conference we need in this country is to their liberties by force of arms had cominced A declaration applying the principle of liberty and self-determination to every nation would say “ we are going to withdraw recognition from Kerensky’s Government of the necessity to com­ those who have enslaved the people of the earth.“ promise. effectively strengthen the anti-communist forces in Asia, and could not fail further to increase the The first task, I say, is to maintain the hope of those We would venture to draw your Excellency’s people that they some day will he free. The next attention to the great effect that the uneasy rela­ prestige of the United Stales and to raise con­ fidence in the intentions of the West. step is to encourage their resistance by every pos­ tions of the Russian Imperial Power with the sible means, by the use of propaganda, and I am An uncompromising stand against Red China is oppressed nationalities within the conglomerate speaking of peaceful means, certainly do we hope an essential feature of this policy. The surrender Russian Impcrium have so often had on Russian that our efforts will lead to the prevention of war, of any point in appeasement of communist China fortunes in the past. If Russia’s difficulty in ex­ rather than to the starting of war. When I say to or Soviet Russia cannot fail to encourage the ag­ ternal politics and war have from time to time you in all seriousness that time is running out, and gressor, to damp the ardour of those resisting the encouraged the hopes of her oppresed nationalities what we need to do to prevent war is to utilize common enemy, and to undermine their courage that their national aspirations might be realised, the greatest ally that we have, and what is that and determination. the struggle of these oppressed nationalities for ally? Is the strength of this nation in the hydrogen liberty and national independence has, on the other Any compromise now with Russia or with Red bomb? I read the other day of a man who is engaged hand, often largely contributed to the defeat of China, or agreement to leave them in possession of in creating the hydrogen bomb, and after that Russia by her external enemies. any of the territories which they have seized by recent explosion he said, “ we have now discovered This hostility and internal opposition of the sub­ infiltration, stealthy strategem, or aggression by the most terrific force on earth.“ When I read those ject Nations indeed constitutes Russia’s greatest war, may well end in the progressive and total words I said to myself, “ he is mistaken.“ The most weakness in her efforts to realise her ambitions conquest of Europe, if not in our lifetime, then in terrible force, the most powerful force on earth is abroad. In 1905 serious internal disturbances in that of our children. not in a bomb, it is in an idea. It is in the burning Ukraine and in other parts of the Tsarist Empire There is still time to call a halt to the advance desire of the people now enslaved that they and played an important part in Russia’s defeat by of Soviet despotism, and the present situation their children may some day be free, and so I am Japan. In the First World War Russia was a anpears favourable. But if the responsible leaders hoping that we may offer specific suggestions and member of the victorious Alliance, hut herself lost of the Free West were to shirk the decision now, that we, with a united voice, may urge our Presi­ the war in 1917 and 1918 largely owing to the they would condemn their successors, and the dent and our Congress to take such steps as will oppressed nationalities, Finland, the Baltic Na­ peoples of the West that are still free, to a struggle encourage the draining away of the strength of the tions, Poland, Byelorussia, Ukraine, the Nations of the outcome of which must be doubtful. bolshevik Regime and, how one way we already the Caucasus and Turkestan, who seized the op­ If the advance of Red Tyranny is to he met and have written into a bill which will be introduced, portunity at last to gain their independence and broken the West must assume the initiative. The I hope, on the 1st. day of the next session of Con­ rose to fight for their freedom. burden of the struggle can he lightened, the con­ gress, and that is to set up a Liberation Army made Russia was threatened by a similar defeat in flict localized and the danger of a destructive up of those refugees who were brave enough to 1941, hut Nazi Germany committed the criminal world-wide atomic war may be avoided by en­ defy their communist masters and to choose free­ blunder of herself ruthlessly suppressing every couraging and making use of the patriotic enthusi­ dom. Who now for the most part are languishing liberation movement by the peoples oppressed by asm of those Allies which arc ready to hand. This in Western Europe somewhere, idle and with no­ Russia, and the free Ukrainian State, which had includes the many millions of oppressed peoples thing to do when we need them in this Crusade. been re-established on the 30th June 1941, lived within the U.S.S.R. who are suffering under Soviet Let us set up a Liberation Army and let those who only for two weeks, when it was destroyed by Hitler despotism and awaiting the opportunity to free command those armies stand beneath their own and its leaders were shot, imprisoned or proscribed. themselves from tyranny, as well as the peoples of flags, the Flags of Ukraine, the Baltic Countries Thanks to the determined stand of the Western the Vassal States. and all of the lands and let them say to any of Powers, certain countries threatened by Soviet To synchronise their rising with the initiative of those who desire • freedom, “ come and join our aggression since 1945 have been saved from con­ the Western Powers would reduce the sacrifices (Continued on Page 12) Number 5/9 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Page 9

Prof. Dr. Stephen C. Y. Pan and unity among all of the communistic peoples in Asia and in Europe. It is honestly hoped that all Advisor to the Chinese Representative in the United Nations and Director those who uphold the dignity of man and his in­ of the Institute of Far Eastern Studies, Seton Hall University heritance of right should join hands together in a determined fight against World communism. We are entering on a critical year of human history, National China and A.B.N.B. and if we do not cooperate with each other to defeat our world enemy, then the world commun­ “ Mr. Chairman, Your Excellency, Friends, Dis­ ticians to induce the American negotiators to ists will engulf and defeat us. Communism is cer­ tinguished guests, Ladies and Gentlemen. accept Red China into a future Great Powers con­ tainly in contradiction to all the traditions and First of all I would like to say to my old friend ference, it would mean, far and wide, a spread of customs of the Chinese people and I believe that Ambassador Limb from Korea and my new friend, communism in the rest of Asia. But let us all have it is also in contradiction to all the freedom-loving Dr. George Gaklin from Turkestan, that you and confidence that all Asia and Europe will again soon people throughout the world. So far as the Chinese I should be singularly honoured and unusually he free and independent. Therefore, may I say to are concerned, we, as a people, including those in privileged to have this opportunity to take part in you, Congressman Armstrong, in your forthcoming the Chinese mainland, and those in the United this celebration of the 10th Anniversary of the conference, I wish that on behalf of all those who States of America, and all the oversea Chinese Anti-bolshevik Block of Nations, on this Thanks­ love freedom, you should ask the President and who number about 15 million people in Southeast giving Day. For myself I am indeed thankful to join Secretary of State whether or not they really mean Asia, will do our best in overthrowing the com­ you here, free and outside of the Iron Curtain. business, whether or not they are going to carry munist yoke whenever there is an opportunity, and However, I cannot he thankful for what is happen­ out their campaign promises. Actually all United in fact we are doing it now. I would like to take ing in China today. Since October 1949 the com­ Nations have recently awakened to the idea of this opportunity to inform this distinguished com­ munists have murdered more than 30,000,000 defending the people against World communism. pany that right now, even on the Chinese mainland Chinese people on the grounds that they were re­ The communist manner is world wide. Thus the there are more than 300,000 armed Chinese who actionaries, landlords, and agents of American fight against communism should also he on a global are against Chinese communism. Imperialism. There are still many millions of Chi­ basis. There is, however, still a lack of cooperation (Continued on Page 10) nese who every day face mental and physical tor­ ture. When these people are free, then we will have a day of Thanksgiving in China, instead of having D. Donzow turkey and cranberries and coffee, we shall have sudkin soup and one hundred year old eggs. It will not only mean a Thanksgiving to China, but it will From St. Helena to Yalta also mean a real Thanksgiving day for the rest of the free world, when communist China is liberated. The people of Eastern Europe and the people of Napoleon, Hitler, Stalin — three men who And now? In those days there were no pro­ part of Asia suffer tyranny, whether they he wanted to conquer Europe. It took the forces fessors in the anti-French West who preached Ukrainians or Koreans, Rumanians, or Chinese, of free Europe (unfortunately with the assist­ the ideas of Rousseau, Voltaire, or “Mein Polish or Viennese. The Iron Curtain and the Bam­ ance of Russia) fifteen years to defeat the Kampf“ at the universities. Nowadays there boo Curtain are synonymous. Both are imperilling first of these three men and five years to are countless preachers at the universities and lead to the suffering and blood from commun­ defeat the second. The third of them was able and in the churches of the West who advocate istic aggression. However, I do not think it is to leave his successor territory which had the Moscow “ people’s democracy“ or Russian necessary for me to over-emphasize the fact that been conquered in Europe (and Asia). And “pacifism“ . .. Nowadays there are entire polit­ the Pacific Ocean, its source and its islands and the West reproves all those who point out ical parties in the West whose supporters the vast regions beyond, will become the chief that the third conqueror or rather his succes­ behave like “Soviet patriots“. .. Nowadays theatre of the world’s great struggle. This is simply sor should be removed from power like the there are countless “humane and Christian- because of the geographical position of Asia which other two, if the “free world“ is to preserve minded“ idle old women in the West, and even occupies the largest land surface of the earth, has its freedom. Napoleon or Hitler, as the ruler priests who preach not hatred, but “love“ more than one billion people, possesses an abund­ of France, Belgium, Germany and Italy, was towards the “great Russian nation“. .. Nowa­ ance of strategic materials and mineral resources more than the opponents of the dictator could days there are many newspaper reporters and foodstuffs. Asia could be used either as an submissively endure. But a Russian Caligula and various other representatives of “public instrument for world conquest or as a means for a as the ruler of half of Germany, the entire opinion“ in the West who promptly brand defence of the free world. Here, I do not want to territory of the former Austrian and Hungar­ every government which aims to exterminate enter into this controversial question as to whether ian monarchy, and practically the whole of communism, as “corrupt“ or as a “ mad war- or not Europe or Asia should be first. So far as the Balkan countries and China, is endured agitator“ or as an enemy of democratic free­ anti-communism policy is concerned, we are all in by the West, which even aims to preserve dom, and defame every far-sighted politician the same boat, because to those sufferers under “friendly relations“ with him. who unmasks a Fuchs, a Hiss or a Rosenberg communism, there is no distinction whether they Why is there so much discrimination in the as a Russian agent. Is it not true that the are Europeans or Asians. It is rather an event to attitude towards these three dictators, who all present psychological atmosphere in the West argue on an exact basis because communism has aimed to subjugate Europe? is an entirely different one from that which expanded on a global basis. In its application it prevailed during the fight of the West against We are told that the reason why the West Napoleon and Hitler?! may deviate from this course in different direc­ yields to Russia is the latter’s strength as tions, but its goal is world conquest. Lenin, the old regards its military potential and In those days the Rosenbergs, Fuchs’. John­ time bolshevik leader said, “ the shortest route material. I am convinced that I can prove sons, Thorez’, and Jean Duclos’ would have from Moscow to Paris is via Peking“ . This policy that the real reason is the weakness of been quite impossible. In those days the game was followed by Stalin who was successful in the the moral and military potential ended in St. Helena or in Nuremberg. But Yalta Conference in February, 1945. With the con­ of the West. now the completely changed political atmo­ sent and support of President Roosevelt and Prime In the war against Napoleon, England, that sphere of a “freedom-loving Europe“ pre­ Minister Churchill, Stalin succeeded in obtaining is to say its leading classes, hated and de­ dominates in Teheran, Yalta and Potsdam! many bases and the railways in Manchuria which finitely rejected the ideas of 1789. England paved the way for the communist conquest of the As long as this atmosphere which paralyses at that time was an intellectual monolith, all resistance prevails in the West and as long Chinese mainland and the present aggression in completely inaccessible for the ideologies of Korea. We have to admit that the greatest trouble as the germs which infect the sound patriot­ the times. The English regarded the French ism of the West are not destroyed, the latter of U.N. that took place in the world during this of Napoleon’s day as “the devils“ (an expres­ last decade was the Soviet infiltration of Manchuria will not be in a position to ward off the grow­ sion coined by Nelson), who must be ex­ ing menace of subjugation by Russia. Neither and Mongolia which upset the equilibrium and se­ terminated wherever possible. This atti­ curity of Asia. Indeed the loss of China’s mainland the weakness nor the strength of the mater- tude created the intellectual atmosphere of i a 1 war potential of Russia or the West will has intensified the communist menace in French the British Isles, in which the grand and bold Indo-China and the far South East Asia. The mu­ decide the issue of the unavoidable conflict and daring plans of Pitt, Nelson, and Welling­ between the free world and Russia. Nor will tual agreement between communist China and ton were able to bear fruit; this attitude communist Korea has killed hope for a peaceful any purely mechanical unification of Europe gave the English strength to conquer the succeed in holding up Moscow’s drive towards and political solution for Korea —- indeed for the conqueror. whole Far East. As far as Asia is concerned, there the West. Europe must experience an i n ­ are great differences between Great Britain and The French emperor was likewise the devil tellectual revolution, it must, as it the United States. England has recognized Com­ personified and the sworn enemy of the were, remove the poisons from its system, munist China as the legitimate government of Chi­ Church and of freedom as regards the other and must bear in mind that its nations are the na and has decided very plainly to extend that re­ indefatigable opponent of the French Revo­ nations of a Christian civilization; it must gime in matters of trade and world policy. On the lution, namely Spain. And it was this attitude realize that the ideology of the Russian revo­ other hand, both Houses of the United States Con­ on the part of the Spaniards which enabled lution must be opposed with the same and, in gress have condemned communist China as an ag­ them to conquer the conquerors of Jena and fact, even greater force, —- intra et extra gressor, and enforce a partial blockade against the Austerlitz. in uros —, than was applied to combat the ideology of Hitler. Peiping regime. Here we must offer and pay tri­ In the same way, the rousing words of bute to the Honorable Congressman 0. K. Arm- . Fichte and Giirres helped to revive the flagg­ This is the only way in which our continent strong. He took a very active part in the passage ing but unbroken spirit of Prussia, and stirred and the rest of the world, aided by the nations of the resolution condemning communist China. the German nation to active revolt against which have been subjugated by Russia, can He should he gratefully congratulated for his part France. This same absolutely hostile attitude be saved from destruction, and the only means in this great historic resolution. If the communist of the West towards Hitlerism helped the by which the political strength of Russian World would be able to inveigle the British poli- West to be victorious. imperialism can be broken for all time. Page 10 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Number 5/9

Melchior Kiss What Kind of Diplomacy does Chairman A.B.N. Youth, Great Britain Moscow Understand? Karl Marx, a hundred years ago, was surprised The Prospects of our Struggle how Muscovite diplomacy managed to fool the West — using the same, old, repeated tricks (see In spite of wishful thinking and the sentimental After having defined them the next stage is to K. Marx “ The Eastern Question“ ). Let’s turn our pacifism displayed by certain democratic powers, aggravate them and so to hasten the process of dis­ attention to one of these old tricks used by Mos­ the international situation is essentially the same integration. This inner conflict results in a change. cow for hundreds of years, but, nevertheless, one as it was before Stalin’s death. The predicted pro­ The original situation transforms in the struggle of which always succeeds in catching the West “ by cess of liberalisation did not take place. Since the conflicting tendencies into a new one which has a surprise“ . reconciling character. fall of Beria the idea of a new and firm foreign After the late military and diplomatic defeat of policy seems to gain ground in the ruling circles We do not want to go too deeply into the philo­ the West in Geneva, the diplomats of the free world of the Soviet Union. sophical aspects of this theory. But it is obvious that are asking themselves with fright: “ After swallow­ The future of the world depends on the designs the communist world has inner contradictions, just ing half of Indo-China will Moscow not want to of a few men in the Kremlin. They will decide the same as the capitalist world. The communist gulp down the entire country!“ whether the cold war will he heated up or not. strategy based on dialectics proved to he successful. When “ peace“ came in 1945, Moscow received They will deliver the first terrific blow if they de­ On the other hand the democratic world has not half of Korea — and once more the West could not cide to start an aggressive war. These people know got a consistent philosophy, and has not made any overcome its surprise when a few years later Mos­ efforts to analyse the contradicting tendencies of very well that they have plenty of time. The demo­ cow organized a military attack on the other half cratic world will never start a war. Democratic gov­ its opponent. of that country. During the war Roosevelt pre­ ernments are controlled by their public opinion In my view the contradictions of the Russian- sented to Moscow as a gift a piece of territory that will never realise that a preventive war is much bolshevik system can be briefly stated in the foll­ belonging to his faithful ally of longstanding, safer than an eventual defensive one with uncertain owing classification: Chiang Kai-Shek — Manchuria. Having taken by prospects. 1) There is a contradiction between Russian im­ force prior to this a part of Mongolia and Sin-Ku- The attitude of the democratic powers would not perialism and the national aspirations of the sub­ Inha, Moscow shortly afterwards, took over all of he dangerous, if the time factor were on the demo­ jugated peoples. China politically. cratic side. But this is rather questionable. We do not know all the facts about the industrial poten­ 2) There are contradictions between the various Using this self-same trick, Moscow seized in 1939, tials of the world, hut in our view China’s industria­ social layers of the Soviet society; e. g. profession­ half of the territory (ethnographically neither Po­ lization would seriously endanger Western econo­ als versus workers, peasants v. urbanised people, lish, nor Muscovite) which1 was a part of the Ver­ mic and military superiority. Oddly enough, some party aristrocracy v. the rest of the society. sailles created country of Poland. Now she has all democratic powers would like to help Communist 3) There are contradictions between the various of Poland under her control. Having been given, China in the process of industrialisation. social organs: e. g. the party, the army and the by the grace of the peace-loving West, half of secret police. Germany in 1945, Moscow is devising plan after This is the international background against plan to make all of Germany her satellite. which we must see the situation of our subjugated I would classify the above three contradictions as countries. Our paramount view is the liberation of social ones, as they manifest themselves in the as­ And these tricks are not all the creation of Red our nations from the deadly grip of Russian im­ pects of social being. But Russian bolshevism re­ Moscow. In this instance, as in many others, she perialism. How can we achieve this aim? How can sults in contradictions in psychological aspects as is slavishly copying Tsarism. With the latter, in we make history in our own way, defying all the well. 1907, Great Britain was imprudent enough to divide obstacles facing us? The only solution is the re­ 4) There is a contradiction between their athe­ Persia (Iran) into “ spheres of influence“ . After volutionary action of the subjugated peoples them­ istic materialism and the spiritual needs of human this happened, Russia began to make attempt after selves. This is the only way to genuine liberation nature. attempt to take over all of Persia. The two latest attempts were: the first in 1946 and the second and national independence. 5) There is a contradiction between their suspi­ during the rule of the mad Mossadegh. The third The oppressed people of the Soviet orbit face cious and sadistic mentality and the existence of will come in due time. two alternatives now; they can resist the new re­ higher emotions in the human mind. gimes or they can adapt themselves to the changed In 1878, during the war, with the Turks, the All the above contradictions are in fact the as­ Russians defeated at Plevna, asked for and re­ political circumstances. It is of the utmost impor­ pects of a basic contradiction that exists between tance from our point of view whether a process of ceived Rumanian aid, and for that Russia cut her­ communist ideology and reality. Dialectical mater­ self a worthwhile slice of Rumanian territory out consolidation takes place, or the forces of active ialism itself is pregnant with logical aberrations, of which the bolsheviks created the so-called and passive resistance slowly disintegrate the com­ and a way of life that was the child of that philo­ munist world. “ Autonomous Moldavian Republic“ . Now — entire sophy must be the same as its mother. Rumania stands on the brink of becoming one of Our task is obvious. We must encourage the for­ I do not arrogate that the above classification is the republics in the “ union“ of the U.S.S.R. ces of resistance as much as possible. We can do perfect. I think it would be all important to form Do you wish to look farther into the past? In that in several ways. First of all we have to work a study-group with the purpose of analysing the the second half of the seventeenth century Moscow out the strategy of liberation, based on the inherent contradictions of communism. We can read books contradictions of communism. took away from Poland half of the Ukrainian ter­ written by communists on the contradictions of ritory (on the left hank of the Dnieper). At the The communists accepted dialectics as the back­ capitalism. I cannot remember that I have ever read end of the eighteenth century she also took the bone of their philosophy. The political application a book on communism dealing with its subject in a Ukrainian territory lying on the right bank (with of this principle means that one carefully analyses dialectical manner. the exception of Halychyua, Bukovina and Car- the contradictions of a given historical situation. After the analytical work our next step would patho-Ukraine, occupied in 1945). he to make the communists conscious of the exis­ Another example? At the end of the eighteenth National China and A.B.N. tence of their inconsistencies. This kind of propa­ century, Moscow annexed a large slice of old Polish ganda will aggravate their troubles. Their ruling territory. In 1945, she took the rest.. . (Continued from Page 9) circles will cling desperately to the orthodox ideo­ And every time these tricks and these annex­ Who are these people? These people including logy and will deny the real situation. The idea of ations came as unexpected surprises for Western people of all political and religious faiths, includ­ conflict will reach consciousness first in the oppres­ diplomacy: In Ukraine there is a very popular ing Mohammedans, Buddhists, Catholics, Protes­ sed classes and in the oppressed nations. They will fable which characterizes most accurately this tants and those who love freedom. And every day fight bitterly for a change. Muscovite method. there are hundreds and hundreds of Chinese being This process is inevitable. The above mentioned murdered. And even though some Chinese patriots contradictions do exist, and sooner or later they A Muscovite moujik by the name of Vanka in­ are being murdered by the communists every day, will result in a process of disintegration. Our duty vited himself for a night’s lodgings in a Ukrain­ still there are many new Chinese guerillas against is to accelerate it. ian peasant’s home. They got ready to go to bed. Chinese communism. Our organization, the A.B.N., is a magnificent The Muscovite hung his bast shoes above the stove to dry, while the Ukrainian began to say his Therefore, ladies and gentlemen, you may be framework in which all these plans can he carried prayers. Then the Muscovite cried out at once, sure that so far as we are concerned, we are going out. The great majority of the Hungarian exiles in to do our part. As to the number of all the Chinese the free world sincerely believe in the aims of the “ Why you dirty so and so, so you’re praying?“ A in this country we can tell you that 99°/o of all the A.B.N. They are well aware of the fact that we must quarrel began, the angry Ukrainian could not Chinese in America are against communism. We co-operate with each other and co-ordinate our restrain himself: how dare anyone criticize him in are doing our small part in every way possible to plans for the final assault. Our unity and our know­ his own house! defeat communism and we are not only not dis­ ledge of the actual situation in our countries can In surprise, the Muscovite asked pointing to his couraged, we are very certain that the fate of Na­ be decisive factors in the struggle for liberation. hast shoes, “ And whose hast shoes are those?“ We wish the free world could realise that only poleon, the Kaiser, Hitler, Mussolini and Tito will “ Yours!“ answered the Ukrainian. be repeated by the dictators of the Soviet Union the revolutionary action of the oppressed peoples and Communist China. of. the Soviet orbit can save it from the final cata­ “ Well, then the house is mine!“ was the answer. strophe of an atomic war. While the democratic And so, we are definitely confident that Malen­ Whenever you allow a Muscovite to find a corner countries are uncertain as to the right methods how kov and Mao Tse-Tung will come to the end of in your house for his hast shoes, you have lost to deal with Russian imperialism, the ruling circles their way very soon, but in order to bring about a .your house already. The only way to become the in Russia calmly prepare for the eventual show­ very happy Thanksgiving all over the world again master of your own house — give the insolent down. But the forces of resistance will act when the for all the freedom-loving people those who love intruder a kick in the pants and throw him out time comes. Let us give them all the support they liberty and freedom must increase their efforts to onto the street. need. expedite the downfall of the communist tyrants. This is the only diplomatic language the Mus­ Thank you very much.“ London, June 1954 covite understands. D. D. Number 5/9 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Page 11

Prof. Dr. Ferd. Durcansky President of the Slovak Liberation Committee What are the Prospects for an “Economic Recovery” in Slovakia

The Bureau of Statistics in Prague has published production of Slovakia to the total production of roborated by the fact that the report on the other a detailed report of the results of the first Five the Czedio-Slovak Republic during the time of the hand affirms that labour-productivity during the Year Plan for the years 1949— 1953, in which the Five Year Plan only increased from 13.9 per cent Five Year Plan has increased by no less than 69 “ economic revovery of Slovakia“ is stressed in to 16.1 per cent, that is to say by only 2.2 per cent. per cent. particular. Considering that about 29 per cent of the popula­ As regards the socialization or collectivism of Like all communist publications, this report tion of the total area of Czecho-Slovakia is Slovak the agricultural system, the report states that there mentions no definite figures, but only compares and Slovakia comprises about 39 per cent of the has been a rapid increase, namely 9 per cent in the present situation with the former one in terms territory of Czecho-Slovakia and has a share of 1948 and as mudi as 41 per cent in 1953, a fact of percentages. No doubt the communists use this 16.1 per cent in the total industrial production, which, however, does not imply an improvement well-tried method in order to keep the outside there can hardly be any talk of bringing the as far as agricultural production is concerned, hut world in ignorance of the economic capacity of the economic structure of Slovakia into line with that rather and for well-known reasons a deterioration. country and of all other economic information, and of the Bohemian countries, nor can there he any The chronic shortage of foodstuffs and essential also to prevent the population from checking up justification for the assertion made in the report goods, as well as the exorbitantly high prices of on the figures which* 1 arc published. This compar­ that Slovakia, from being a purely agrarian country, these commodities in a country like Slovakia, which ative method enables the communist rulers “ to has now developed into an industrial country. once ranked as one of the richest and mo3t pro­ prove“ that the standard of living is higher even Furthermore, it is interesting to note that the sperous agrarian countries in Europe, is in any when the population is obliged to put up with a report gives an increase of 2.2 per cent in die pro­ case evidence which is more convincing than the shortage of the most essential necessities of life. portion of the industrial production of Slovakia to abstract percentages listed in the economic plan Not only an ordinary citizen, but even a member the total industrial production of the Czedio- of the Prague communists. of the Communist Party has no means of proving Slovak Republic during the years 1948 to 1953, but Finally, it is interesting to note that the report to the rulers that they are deceiving him. mentions an increase of as mudi as 55 per cent in tries to create the impression that the standard of the number of workers employed in Slovakia. If in living of the population is now considerably higher. As regards Slovakia it was the special aim of the this connection we take into consideration the fact To this end high percentages are quoted which in­ Five Year Plan to increase industrial production that the report shows an increase of 98 per cent in dicate a considerable increase in the consumption to such an extent that it can he brought into line the industrial production of the whole of Czecho­ of foodstuffs. For 1953, for instance, the following with the economic structure of the Bohemian slovakia, of which Slovakia alone has a proportion statistics are given: an increase in the consumption countries. Responsible quarters in Prague were of 2.2 per cent, we are hound to reach the con­ of bread by 82 per cent, meat 36 per cent, meat apparently of the opinion that the industrialization clusion that actually the greater part of Slovakia’s products 52 per cent, fats 81 per cent, etc. If in of Slovakia would divert the Slovak people from industrial production can he traced hack to the this connection we take into consideration the fact their efforts to attain their independence. The Five industrial plants which already existed in the free that the number of persons employed in industry, Year Plan was intended to disintegrate Slovakia Slovak Republic prior to the communist regime. according to the report, has increased by 55 per as a nation and to bring about a state of chaos, so Another and even more important conclusion must cent, which would imply an influx of the rural that the existence of the Czedio-Slovak structure he readied as regards the alleged increase of 55 per population into the industrial areas, and that would he safeguarded. cent in the number of industrial workers in Slo­ socialized trade makes it possible to arrive at more According to the above-mentioned report, vakia. If this percentage is compared with the accurate data regarding consumption, we are hound Slovakia since the introduction of the Five Year relatively slight increase of only 2.2 per cent in the to come to the conclusion that there can he no talk Plan has changed from a purely agrarian to an industrial production of Slovakia, it becomes of a higher standard of living and that the com­ industrial country, in which agriculture and in­ obvious that in the socialized industrial system munist report in question is merely juggling with dustry already play an equal part. The volume of under the communist regime twice, if not three figures in order to console the impoverished and industrial production in 1953 as compared to that times as many workers are needed to perform the starving nation theoretically with an imaginary of the year 1937 is allegedly 2.4 times as much. In same amount of work.- This assumption is cor- “ economic recovery“ . this connection we should like to point out that a large proportion of the recent increase in pro­ duction can no doubt he placed to the account of Hon. B en C. Limb the capacity of those industrial concerns which Chief delegate for Republic of Korea in the UNO, Ambassador of Korean Republic already existed in Slovakia towards the end of the last war. Otherwise there would he no reason why the year 1937 should be taken as the basis for a “ Korea will at all Times Stand by A.B.N.” comparison. According to the report, the proportion of in­ “ Mr. Chairman, Honored Guests and my friends. powers of the world who wore able to aid us, gave dustrial production to the total production of As I sit here and look at your eyes I see the us the cold shoulder except the great United States Slovakia in 1937 amounted to 40 per cent; this natural warmth and sympathy and the spirit which of America which is always the seedbed of demo­ increased to 55 per cent in 1948 and to 70 per cent says let’s work together! This is the warmest and cracy for all the seekers of freedom in the world. in 1953. Despite all efforts on the part of the com­ most congenial gathering that I have attended and So here, in the United States, the Korean indepen­ munist government to force the industrialization I am very grateful, to be here. It is a natural dence movement had found shelter and after the of Slovakia, the above data as regards such a sudden thought that the first time that I have learned First World War your great President, Woodrow increase in the industrial production must he about A.B.N. was through the organization, as you Wilson, who was also the President of the great doubted. It is for instance an acknowledged fact know very well, Ukrainian Division of the Crusade Princeton University, from which my own Presi­ that during the years 1945 to 1948 — apart from against communism, the president of which is dent Syngman Rhce received his Ph. D. degree at a few exceptional cases — the industrialization of the well beloved Rev. Walter Proteta, and the Na­ the hands of Woodrow Wilson, received the first Slovakia was not achieved by the setting up of new tional Chairman, Mr. Tom Duffy who is also head statement of that famous 14 points of Woodrow industrial concerns, but was only in part effected of the Sister Kenny Foundation in New Jersey, the Wilson’s saying: “ The self-determination of the by restarting the productive activity of industrial Jersey City Medical Center. These two gentlemen peoples of the world“ . That is a great phrase and plants, which had already existed prior to the com­ have been fighting against the Soviet Union im­ that is a great principle, and this principle of self- munist invasion of Slovakia. It is thus obvious that perialism for very, very, many years and very, very determination of the peoples was handed through the comparative figures which the above-mentioned hard, and naturally when we knew that we were in Syngman Rliee to the people of Korea in 1918, and report quotes, in order to make out that the com­ the same field against that same evil known as in 1919 this great Revolution came and was carried munist government has achieved a 70 per cent Soviet imperialism, our minds and our thoughts on mostly on the fertile soil of the United States increase in industrial production, must for the most came together. That is how I came to know your until it was successful at the end of the Second part be accredited to the industries which already great national organization, the American Friends World War. We gained freedom! And after that, existed prior to the communist regime. For this of A.B.N. Congratulations. In this great gathering unfortunately, the Russian Soviet imperialism came reason there can he no talk of the extraordinary you have many many congenial friends from many into our lives. And now we find ourselves half free speed of the “ socialist economy“ . In addition, the parts of the world and many from many parts of and half enslaved and it is our strong determin­ fact must also he taken into consideration that, this great country, and you are in a company of ation, ladies and gentlemen, to liberate the enslaved prior to the introduction of collectivism in agri­ cooperation and in the worthy force. At first my half of Korea from the corruptness of this evil thing culture, the production-level of the latter was heart is very grateful to you and very happy, hut called Soviet imperialism. It is the hardest trouble, undoubtedly higher than in 1953, which proves at the same time I cannot help but go bade to 1919, for I know how hard it is in your hearts sometimes, that under normal conditions the proportion of when Korea first inaugurated her resistance move­ in revolutionary movements the agony of hopeless­ industrial production expressed as a percentage ment, her independence movement against the ness, the despair, the sometimes seeming endless­ and compared to the agricultural production would cruel and harsh oppression of Japanese imperial­ ness of our trend, sometimes it is so agonizing in not he 70 per cent but considerably less. ism. At the time our voice was the voice in the our hearts. But after fourteen years of the hardest It is interesting to note that the report on the wilderness, because Japan was considered as one of struggle, and dauntless for the movement, we have other hand states that the proportion of the total the great Powers of the world, although great finally gained our objective and for this reason I (Continued on Page 12) Page 12 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Number 5/9

Another “Christian“ Politician The Union During his visit to Moscow the German Rapallo- Chancellor, Dr. Joseph Wirth, placed a wreath at of the Hungarian Organizations Abroad the Lenin-Stalin mausoleum. This action is rightly described by the paper, „Das freie Wort“ (No. 26 A New Bond o f Unity of June 26, 1954, Düsseldorf), as a “ provocative act of political degeneracy“ . Indeed, a man who claims that his attitude is Two Patriotic Organizations Agree to Cooperate representatives of Hungarian military and public “ Christian“ and “ pro-German“ must truly have no The following communique was issued in Munich life in its ranks. For many years this organization moral scruples whatsoever if he honours the mur­ on March 12, 1954: has been an active member of the Anti-Bolshevist derers and subjugators of his own fellow-country­ Bloc of Nations (A.B.N.). men in so shameless a manner. Well may we ask “ The President of the Hungarian Freedom Mov- in such a case, what has become of human and na­ The Collegial Society oj Hungarian Veterans •ement (M.S.z.M.) and the Head of the Collegial tional self-respect and dignity! Society of Hungarian Veterans (M.H.B.K.), duly (M.H.B.K.) is likewise a mass organization and empowered by their respective organizations, and consists for the most part of soldiers of the valiant On the strength of his services to the Soviets in with a view to promoting, as well as putting on a Hungarian Honved. Its members number thousands former times J. Wirlli was allowed to set up a broader foundation, the activities of Hungarian and are united in the various countries of the West monopoly export company in co-operation with exiles aimed at the liberation of their homeland, in local and regional groups. them. The company went bankrupt and cost the German taxpayers a couple of million reichsmarks. have resolved that the aforesaid two organizations In connection with this gratifying event in the shall henceforward cooperate in this respect. But the Weimar Republic did not take Wirth’s life of the present Hungarian emigrants, the aged conduct amiss. In any other country such a “ states­ At the same time they call upon the local and Archduke, Franz Joseph, in his capacity as Field man“ would have been done for, as far as politics regional leaders of their organizations to promote Marshal General of the Hungarian Army, issued a were concerned. also on their part effective cooperation in the so­ proclamation, of which we give a short extract in Even now things still happen in Germany which cial sphere in order to facilitate in this way, too, the following: seem most peculiar to foreigners! the further strengthening of bonds between the “ In view of my age I have entrusted the two Ex-ministers of the former Reich, who now have members of the community of patriotically-minded generals who have most experience in matters exiles. a foreign nationality, visit Germany and arc actu­ pertaining to the emigrants’ organizations, Colonel- ally allowed to hold political lectures. In any other Munich, March 12th, 1954 General Ferenc Farkas and Major-General Andreas country they would be hooted at and shouted down, Zako, with the tasks to be accomplished.. . I ex­ (Signed) Ferenc Farkas de Kisbarnak hut in Germany they are allowed to “ enlighten“ hort all members of the former Royal Hungarian the population. Colonel-General Honved and all other armed groups, in the inter­ Apparently there is some truth in the German President of M.S.z.M.“ ests of military unity and comradeship, to sub­ saying, “ Other countries, other customs!“ . (Signed) Andreas Zako de Reszek ordinate themselves to the leadership of the ad­ N. N. Major-General visory body of generals in military matters pertain­ Head of M.H.B.K. ing to the liberation of our country and to oppose Armenia’s Warning This co-operation will doubtlessly he of the gre­ any new and selfish attempts which may be made atest significance for the Hungarian emigrants and to disintegrate our unity.“ Armenia’s spokesmen living in the free world will lead to a union of all the patriotic and trust- recently sent John Foster Dulles« the United States We welcome the union of political and military worty anti-communist Hungarians who are at pre­ Secretary of State, a striking memorandum, word­ Hungarian emigrant forces as a significant factor sent living in exile and are scattered throughout ed as follows: in the fight against Soviet Russian imperialism. We the world. are convinced that this event will meet with an “ It is in the vital interests of the United States and the free world that a breach should be effected The Hungarian Freedom Movement (M.S.z.M.) active response on the part of the people in in Russian imperialism, irrespective of whatever has branch organizations in practically all the Hungary and will strengthen their resistance still disguise it may assume as a means of camouflage. countries of the world and includes many notable more. For the Russian menace not only exists in the form of the Soviet regime, but also in the Russian policy of expansion and imperialism. Republic of Korea . . . freedom, and I assure you in this fight Korea will Even the White Russians act “ true to type“ in at all times stand by you and fight with you against this connection and are by no means inferior to the Reds as regards their methods of subjugating (Continued from Page 11) this vain leader, named Soviet communism.“ the non-Russian nations, that is to say, of course, want to say to you — even if you have despairing under Moscow’s scourge, as is revealed in their moments in your lives and in your movements, official communiqué, the so-called Heine Memor­ remember that Korea, the Korean movement which The A.B.1\. in U.S.A. andum. was much weaker than yours, now has finally, fin­ It is evident from this document that these White ally, found success and I am sure from now on, The organization known as “ American Friends Russians, who falsely maintain that they are when we continually fight on with faith and cou­ of the A.B.N.“ which has branches in New York, prepared to take up the fight for freedom, side by rage we are bound to succeed, and this time all of Chicago, Detroit, and numerous other cities in the side with the nations enslaved by the Soviets, are us together against this disease called communism. U.S.A. has existed since 1952, On February 26th one and all hoping to become the successors of the Before I close I want to remind you, ladies and this year the conference of the national delegations bolshevists and the worthy heirs of Russian gentlemen, of that great day when we Koreans were imperialism. In order to achieve their aims they faced with dissension, but the great power and are striving to preserve the Russian empire in its rightness, justice and sense of justice of the Nation present form, a fact which not only represents a and the United States of America came forth to violation of the principle of independence, as far save us. On June 25, 1950 our country was attacked EE as the nations subjugated by Moscow are concern­ Ig ed, but would also mean the perpetuation of Rus­ by the unleashing of the savage force of this com­ M munist army, without any provocation, without any sian imperialism, which as long as it continues to reason, suddenly and at that time I knew because I exist will be a menace to the security of the United was a member of the Cabinet. Our Cabinet meetings i f States.“ were held day and night without hope, our people protested. There in their history all we could think about was; “ this is it“ . We have been talking about Freedom for all Nations this thing for long, long years and now we have 1.s (Continued from Page 8) come face to face with it — “ This is it“ . We have no arms. We have no preparation. The only thing side.“ When that Crusade starts there will not he we can see is to go out and meet this “ jugulate“ enough Red Army soldiers loyal to the cut-throats with all the mobile arms such as artillery, airplanes of the Kremlin who can prevent the disintegration and tanks, and die; that is the only thing that remain­ of the Red strength; there will he no war because ed for us. Black, stunned, fear. Well, we had been the forces of freedom will he the stronger. As I going on like that for three days — but a miracle close I pledge to you on hchalf of so many of my happened. A modern miracle happened. Before the fellow countrymen, your fellow countrymen, that third day was over, the great United States came Hall decoration during a feast of “The American we will never stop at this Crusade; we are going forth on our side to keep its promise to meet force Friends of A.B.N.“ iu New York forward. We will he joined hy freedom-loving with force, to uphold international law and to people everywhere, and perhaps we can create such demonstrate that great principle known as collec­ of the A.B.N. was held in New York. Representa­ strength that even our allies of Western Europe, tive security. That was a history-making day. And tives of the Bulgarian, Croatian, Estonian, Hungar­ will stop looking down at their feet and hoping from that time on the people of Korea lifted up ian, Lithuanian, Latvian, Rumanian, and Ukrain­ for a conference at which Malenkov will he asked their hearts with faith and courage, more courage, ian delegations were present. The representatives to do something for us. We will, in the ancient and kept on more courageously in the battlefield, of the Albanian, Byelorussian, and Slovak dele­ Spirit of Liberty that has made and created us here and finally we were able to stem the tide of the gations were unable to attend the conference, but in America a great nation, say we will move for­ communist aggression. And so, ladies and gentle­ sent messages assuring those present of their co­ ward in a Crusade, a Crusade destined to bring men, I give you this history complete, so that you operation. A new executive committee was appoint­ freedom again to the Ukraine and to every country will have even stronger courage in your fight for ed in the course of the conference. behind the Iron Curtain and to all the world.“ Number 5/9 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Page 13

The Second Congress of the F.I.T.C.R.E. in Strasbourg

The International Federation of Working Chris­ nius (Lithuanian), and B. Lachowski (Pole), and ing Christian Refugees and Emigrants and assemb­ tian Refugees and Emigrants (Fédération Interna­ the following deputy-members, J. Benue (Hungar­ led at our Second Congress, held in Strasbourg on tionale des Travailleurs Chrétiens Réfugiés et ian) and J. Mamik (Croatian). April 30, May 1 and May 2nd, are today celebrating Emigrés, F.I.T.C.R.E.), which was formed as a re­ The meetings of the Congress were attended by the First of May, the festival of all the workers in sult of Ukrainian initiative, on the occasion of the countless representatives of French and other the world, the Festival of Work. First Conference of the Working Classes of the Christian trades unions societies, numerous other Our thoughts and wishes on this day are with Nations Subjugated by Moscow, held in Paris in prominent persons of the trades unions movement you, our fellow-countrymen, who are at present 1951, and which at present numbers more than and of European public life, as well as by about 500 being enslaved and exploited by your masters in 26,000 active members and 13 national trades guests of various social classes. The press, too, was the factories, on the collective farms, and in the unions (of the Bulgarians, Byelorussians, Croatians, very well-represented. Of the numerous congra­ compulsory labour camps in our countries which Czechs, Estonians, Hungarians, Latvians, Lithuan­ tulatory messages received, those of the Central have been subjugated by the communist Russian ians, Poles, Rumanians, Serbs, Slovaks, and Ukrain­ Committee of the A.B.N. and the High Commissar­ imperialist regime. ians) and is part of the International Confeder­ iat of the O.N. for Refugees must be mentioned Whilst we who live in the free countries of the ation of Christian Syndicates, held its second regu­ in particular. Reports on the progress of the Con­ Western World are at the moment honouring free lar Congress (once every three years), which was a gress and various lectures and speeches by members creative work, you, our beloved oppressed brothers, great success, in Strasbourg on April 30, May 1, and are today, the First of May, being forced to take May 2nd. The general triennial report of the Gene­ part in huge military and civil parades, to pay ral Bureau of the F.I.T.C.R.E., which was approved homage to your subjugators, and to promise them by the plenum of the Congress, reflects the great Honorary Degree Conferred on Friend that you will carry out the amount of work which activity and the important achievements of the is expected of you according to the socialist pro­ Federation which, despite considerable difficulties of the Ukrainians gramme of competition forced upon you hv the and limited funds on the part of the national tra­ government and which is beginning to exceed your des unions, which receive no other financial aid, During a ceremony held in the rooms of strength to an ever-increasing degree. have been effected as regards the professional the U.F.U. (Ukrainian Free University) at Instead of appreciating and respecting your training of workers, the inclusion of the working merits and your efforts as workers, the voracious refugees and emigrants in the economic, social and No. 4, Versaillerstrasse, Munich, on May 4, regime of communist state capitalism continues to cultural life of the place where they reside, the 1954, the honorary degree of Doctor of Politic­ exploit you more and more. protection of the professional interests of the re­ al Science of the Ukrainian Free University We know what sufferings and hardships you fugees and emigrants, etc. The F.I.T.C.R.E. owes was conferred on Prince Gianfranco endure so bravely under the tyranny of a regime this success exclusively to the feeling of solidarity which even endeavours to destroy your personality and the unanimous co-operation of all the refugees A11 i a t a d i Monte reale. and your conscience. and emigrants united in its ranks, who come from Prince Gianfranco Alliata di Montereale We, who although we are in exile are able to thirteen different countries behind the Iron Cur­ comes of an old Italian family which can he honour productive work, which ennobles man in­ tain and who have realized the necessity of being traced back to the time of the Roman Empire. stead of degrading him, and are able to celebrate firmly united both in their own interests and in this day like all the workers in the free world, the interests of their subjugated native countries, Many of his ancestors were prominent ecclesi­ solemnly promise you that we shall always repre­ inasmuch as they firmly believe that the latter will astical personages. sent your efforts, and shall always he your cham­ soon he liberated and that their nations, once they The Prince, who was born on August 26, pions and spokesmen. have rid themselves of the bolshevist regime and We appeal to all the workers in the free world to Moscow imperialism, will he able to enjoy a ge­ 1921, in Rio de Janeiro, served as an officer help our fellow-countrymen who have been enslav­ nuine social justice and equality, based on Chris­ in the air force. He completed his studies and ed by the communist Russian regime, to regain tian principles. graduated in law after the war, and since then their national and social freedom. We appeal to In its plenary sessions, as well as in the course has devoted his attention to politics. At pre­ all the workers in the free world to reject the false of the meetings of its individual committees — the slogans of Marxist doctrines, to oppose the exploi­ general committee, and the committees for syndi­ sent he is the vice-president of the National tation of workers by capitalism of every kind and cation and vocational training, propaganda and Monarchist Party in Italy and a member of in particular communist state capitalism, and al­ organization, for problems concerning refugees, the Italian parliament. He was one of the ways to bear in mind that the communist regime statutes, youth, women, and finance, — the Con­ founders of the Mediterranean Academy, of represents the highest form of capitalism and ens­ gress dealt most thoroughly and in detail with all lavement. the vital questions arising in connection with the which he is the president, and he also helped Comrades and workers of the countries which are living conditions of the working refugees and emi­ to found the Ukrainian-Italian Society, of still free, this is our appeal to you, for we know grants, in particular as regards the protection of which he is deputy-president. He has a pro­ best what the regime of suppression is like, since their interests from the material, technical and found knowledge and understanding of the thousands of 11s suffered under it for many years. legal point of view. The programmes which have Ukrainian problem. He supported the cause Comrades of the free world, the workers in the been drawn up by the individual committees and concentration camp-world behind the Iron Curtain unanimously approved by the plenum, the resolu­ of the Ukrainian refugees in the Italian par­ appeal to you to help them and support their cause! tions passed and the appeals which have been liament when the Soviets demanded their Dear friends who are still free, remember the issued, ensure that the activity of the F.I.T.C.R.E. repatriation, and it is thanks to his inter­ fate of the many ivorkers ivlio at certain times be­ in every field of its rapid development will con­ vention that the Ukrainian emigrants in Italy fore the ivar refused to listen to the admonitions tinue to be productive. One of the plenary meet­ and learnings of the first victims of the communist ings of the Congress was devoted to a discussion of have been spared the fate of being surrender­ regime in time. They are now bitterly regretting the current problem, “ Europe and We“ . In this ed to the Russian bolshevist executioners. their former indifference! connection two lectures aroused considerable in­ Friends, workers in every branch of industry, terest; one by Jacques Tessier, a prominent mem­ sons of the subjugated nations who are now living ber of the “ European Movement“ , on the subject scattered throughout the free world and are en­ of the future unification of Europe, and the other of the Congress were relayed to the peoples beyond joying this freedom, we exhort you to join the by Leonard Rudowski, the President of the General the Iron Curtain by the French Broadcasting Cor­ ranks of our national organizations in Christian Bureau of the F.I.T.C.R.E., on the attitude of the poration (“ Chaîne de la Radio-Diffusion Fran­ syndicalism, which is the sole guarantee of free­ working refugees and emigrants towards the uni­ çaise“ ), as well as by the stations, “ Voice of Amer­ dom, social justice and equality, and human dignity! fication of Europe. In his lecture on the occasion ica“ , and “ Radio Free Europe“ . Organized in this way and united with our of the ceremonial inaugural session, Auguste Va- In addition to a declaration protesting against nistendal, the secretary-general of the International fellow-workers in those countries in which we are the admission of the U.S.S.R. to the International now living, we shall he all the more successful in Confederation of Christian Syndicates, outlined the Work Organization and to the UNESCO, the Con­ general activity of the Christian syndicates and the fighting every kind of suppression of the working gress also issued a manifesto which was addressed classes and all forms of capitalism. part they play in the fight for social justice and to the workers in the countries subjugated by Mos­ Since you have learnt the hard way what a re­ equality, in a clear and concise manner. cow aiid to the workers in the countries of the free gime of tyranny means, we exhort you to oppose At the conclusion of the Congress a new General world, and was worded as follows: the deceptive doctrines of Marxism at your places Administrative Committee Was elected, which con­ sists of the following members: Chairman: Leonard Manifesto of the Second Congress of employment, — in factories and mines, on farms and elsewhere, wherever you may work! Rudowski (Pole); Vice-Chairmen: Josef Scho.cn of the F.I.T.C.R.E. In Strasbourg, on the (Hungarian) and Jan Fabianek (Slovak); Secre­ Enlighten your fellow-workers as to the life and the struggle of your brothers! tary-general: Iwan Popovich (Ukrainian, President occasion of May 1st, 1954 of the Confederation of the Ukrainian Free Trades With united strength let us help our brothers to Unions); Treasurer: Iwan Bogoyev (Bulgarian): We workers, who come from countries behind the regain their national and social freedom, for this Members of the Committee: V. Midciewicz (Byelo­ Iron Curtain, which are at present subjugated, and is what our fellow-countrymen, our nations and russian), W. Nesterchuk (Ukrainian), and J. Wolo- who are now living in the free world — Bulgar­ our brothers, — the workers in the subjugated zinski (Latvian); Deputy-members: Bugteritz (Li­ ians, Byelorussians, Croatians, Czechs, Estonians, countries —, expect of us. thuanian) and M. Manze (Croatian). A Control Hungarians, Latvians, Lithuanians, Poles, Ruman­ Long live the First of May, the Festival of Free Committee consisting of the following members: ians, Serbs, Slovaks, and Ukrainians — , banded Work, which shall be celebrated and honoured by J. Pryshlyah (Chairman, Ukrainian), Prof. J. Gri- together as the International Federation of Work­ man! Page 14 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Number 5/9

tried practices of Moscow’s espionage techni­ que if the Kremlin tyrants had wanted to place On a Lower Level! a viper, namely the former head of their This looks like bluff! espionage service in Switzerland (1952), in the bosom of the Western World by pretending The whole thory about. Khokhlov, a chief­ It is true that the situation has, however, that he had undergone a moral conversion and tain of the N.K.V.D. of long-standing, sounds meanwhile changed, and in appointing A. I. had penitently resumed a decent attitude ro so fantastic that it might well have been der­ Serov as Minister for State Security on April life in general. The case of Muller-Kho- ived from a penny-dreadful. 26, 1954, Malenkov once more resumed his runshiy is a striking illustration of this and As is already known, this ill-reputed staff old policy. In the above-mentioned case, there­ once again fully corroborates the fundamental officer of the bolshevist central murder com­ fore, the first of two possible conclusions can­ principle expressed in our article, „Attention! mittee, appealed to the American authorities not be correct, since it is hardly to be assumed . . . Spies!“ , namely. to grant him asylum in February this year. that Khokhlov, who ivas in the know as re­ “ Feigning true alliance and anti-bolshevist After thirteen years of active service ivith the gards all the tricks of the bolshevist plotters views, they worm their way into influential N.K.V.D., the former Cheka and the present ( and had meanwhile landed in the N.T.S.), was positions and, once in possession of invaluable M. V.D., he allegedly suddenly discovered that not informed as to the further intentions of military, economic and industrial secrets, they he had human feelings and shuddered at the the Kremlin when he cast his political skin in are sure to stab those ivho have trusted them thought of once again having to “ murder“ F ebruary. implicitly in the back.“ someone. This change in his feelings, so he Let us now consider the second conclusion: Caveant consules! affirmed, was due to the influence of a tender­ it would be perfectly in keeping with the Well­ hearted woman, ivho, incidentally, for five ivhole years looked on quite calmly whilst he carried on his murderous business. The Era of the Fight (Continued from Page 9) One might, of course, leave it to an insti­ tute for the research of Soviet camouflage and propaganda lies — but what can the West from all the countries occupied by British im­ practices to deal ivith this peculiar and not offer to counteract such tricks? The activity of perialism, including Northern Ireland (Ulster), particularly credible story, were it not for various American committees and their sub­ and that the policy of war and of pressure on the fact that it contains some other striking sidiary organizations, in which national inde­ the colonial nations should be abandoned. data! pendence may not even he mentioned, is not a The man who was to be murdered teas none solution in this case. Neither the “ Liberation The question of peripheral wars other than a leading member of the executive Broadcasting Station“ with its pro-Russian pro­ As we have already stressed on numerous section of the N.T.S., namely Okolovicli. gramme, nor the “ Research Institutes“ , whose occasions, every peripheral war is advantage­ Badly hit by the unbelievable espionage scientific publications are censored by Rus­ ous for Russia. Politicians in the West are affair Miiller-Kliorunshiy (cf. the article sians to make sure that no “ separatist state­ gradually realizing this fact. Thus the Vice- entitled, “Attention! . . . Spies!“ in No.. 1/2, ments“ can leak through, can help the West President of the U.S.A., Mr. Nixon, recently 1954, of our paper), the above-mentioned or­ to be victorious in the fight against bolshev­ stated that the government of the U.S.A. had ganization is now busy disseminating propa­ ism. convinced itself that the Kremlin is endeavour­ ganda in a leaflet, obviously inspired by the What is the situation in Asia ? ing to ruin the U.S.A. by “ small wars“ with organization itself, of the newspaper, “ Russia “ The independence and sovereignty of the its satellites. He added that the U.S.A., before And We“, and with feigned innocence affirms countries of Asia shall be respected, the na­ it submitted to being ruined, would in future that the case of the Soviet agent, Miiller- tional rights and the national freedom of the consolidate mobile, intensive and powerful re­ Khorunshiy shows that it is impossible for the Asiatic nations shall he guaranteed, interven­ taliation measures, which it would then use as Soviets to force their ivay into the N.T.S. tion in the internal affairs of the countries of it saw fit and at a convenient opportunity Surely this is the utmost limit to which Asia shall cease, all foreign military bases in the against the main source of aggression. Mr. Ni­ mimicry can be carried! For the leading Ger­ countries of Asia shall be disbanded and for­ xon stressed the fact that the U.S.A. had or­ man newspapers stated at the time — most eign troops shall be withdrawn, all economic ganized its military forces in such a way that probably on the strength of their knoivledge blockades and restrictions shall cease .. . The they would he equal to meet the demands of of the files of the case —• that this bolshevist victory of the Chinese nation has inspired the this new attitude. master-spy was an important functionary of nations of Asia to fight for their national in­ This is precisely the fundamental theory the same Russian emigrants’ society, the N.T.S. dependence and for their ultimate liberation which we set up immediately after the out­ (Russian Solidarists) and, in addition, also be­ from the imperialist world . . . All foreign in­ break of the war in Korea and which is now haved as if he were the dictatorial head of the tervention in a country in which the people only just beginning to dawn upon the politi­ C.O.P.E., the top organization of the Russian are nationally conscious is doomed to failure, cians of the Western nations. emigrants. all attempts to suppress the fight for freedom Actually, the fate of Asia will not be decided In the above-mentioned number of “ A.B.N. of a nation by means of foreign military power in either Indo-China or on Formosa or in Ko­ Correspondence“ we also published some re­ are hound to he frustrated“ (from Chou En- rea. A decision in this respect will depend vealing statements made by a group of Russian lai’s speech in Geneva on April 28, 1954). upon whether the primary urge of the nations exiles, and, incidentally, we quoted the names With the aid of such cunning methods and to obtain state independence and to solve of our authorities in this connection. Accord­ watchwords, world-communism endeavours to serious national and social problems will he ing to these statements, the C.O.P.E. i s r u n camouflage its own imperialism and gain su­ directed against the West, or whether the West entirely by the notorious N.T.S., premacy over Asia, — in keeping with Lenin’s will succeed in winning over the nations of all its leaders are former functionaries of the principle that the way to subjugate Europe and Asia for a united struggle against bolshevism. Soviet Secret Service and at present are also the entire world is via Peking and Delhi. But The fate of the world is at present being acting on the instructions of the Soviets!! what steps is the West taking to counteract decided in Asia. If bolshevist aggression there This of course gives the lie to the assertion such methods? Instead of forcibly giving the lie is repulsed and defeated, Lenin’s prognostica­ that the plan to murder Okolovicli can be tra­ to communist propaganda, Sir Winston Chur­ tion as regards the Asiatic way to subjugate ced back to the unswerving steadfastness of the chill servilely said on April 30tli that Great Bri­ Europe will collapse. The solution of the pro­ leading Russian emigrant members of the tain must foster relations with Russia which, blem depends on the U.S.A. Even if France, N. T.S. in the face of bolshevist prompting. despite all dissension, prejudices and disputes, for instance, were to detach herself, America, If ive ask ourselves why a man, who, accord­ would convince the Russian people and the united with the peace-loving nations of Asia ing to “ Russia and We“ , “ enjoyed its ( the Soviet government that Great Britain wishes and the nations which have been subjugated by Soviet government — Editor’s note) highest them peace and happiness and even more pros­ Russia, could still gain a victory for the cause confidence“ for a considerable length of time perity in their mighty country, so that they of independence. Concentrated action against and who for several months prepared this plan may play a worthy and illustrious part in lead­ the main enemy, Russia, and a victory over the to murder ivith truly cynical brutality, sudden­ ing mankind. latter, -would also exterminate Russia’s suppor­ ly changed from a devil to a saint, then ive are Practically at the same time as Sir Winston ters, as was the case with Hitlerite Germany. bound to reach two possible conclusions: Churchill made this gesture, the Twenty-Third- In short, the conception of the A.B.N. offers In the first place, many M.V.D. agents no Congress of the Communist Party in Great Bri­ a solution to the problem of the anti-bolshevist longer feel safe, since the introduction of tain, on April 19th, condemned the “ war of fight in the ideological, political, military and Malenkov’s “new policy“ which has deprived English imperialism in Kenya and Malaya and strategic, economic and social fields. The soo­ their organizations of their former absolute the alliance of Anglo-American imperialism for ner the West adopts this attitude wholehear­ power, and they are constantly reminded of the purpose of exploiting the colonies“ . The re­ tedly and joins forces with the supporters of the fate of their former chief, Beria, and solutions passed in this connection demanded this attitude, the more successful will the uni­ others. that the. British troops should be withdrawn versal fight against bolshevism be. Number 5/9 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Page 15

OBITUARY E. Gegechkori

A Great Georgian Statesman and Patriot Dies in Exile The present dictators in Belgrade thus falsify AZERBAIJAN the illustrious history of the Croatian nation and The death is announced of E. Gegechkori, “ SERIOUS SHORTCOMINGS, — UNSAT1S- represent it to the youth of Croatia as falsely and the former Foreign Minister of the independ­ unfavourably as possible. ent republic of Georgia from 1918 to 1921, who FACTORY WORK“ . . . Such falsifications are a further proof that the passed away unexpectedly on June 5, 1954, in The plenum of the Central Committee of the present communist Tito regime pursues the aims Paris. The deceased was one of Georgia’s Azerbaijan Communist Party held a meeting at the of a Greater Serbia and is intent upon destroying leading politicians and enjoyed the high beginning of April during which the following facts the Croatian nation morally, politically, economi­ esteem of his fellow-countrymen. were ascertained: cally, and biologically! During the reign of the Tsar he was a mem­ ber of the Duma and a famous parliamentary . . The Party, Soviet and agricultural organs (From the “ Croatian News“ , Munich) show serious shortcomings in their activity. The figure. He was particularly interested in the tractor workshops are not operating to satisfaction national problems of Caucasia, Finland, and and grain production and- cattle-breeding are un­ Poland, etc. satisfactory. Although Azerbaijan lias always been In 1918 he became president of the first esasm government of the newly founded Trans­ noted for its fruit and wine-growing, little atten­ tion has been devoted to this activity. In some dis­ caucasian Republic. When this was dissolved tricts there has been a decrease in the cultivated MASS DEPORTATION AND RUSSIAN owing to external pressure in the year 1918, area of gardens and vineyards and also in the har­ INVASION he became Foreign Minister for Georgia and vest.“ held this office until Georgia was taken by Soviet newspapers in Georgia reported on April Soviet Russia in 1921. A resolution was passed to the effect that these 8, 1954, that hundreds of Georgian young commun­ Thanks to his efforts the Republic of Ge­ shortcomings were to be overcome within the next ists had arrived in Aktyubinsk (Kasakhstan) and orgia was recognized de jure by all the major two or three years. that they had “ volunteered“ to cultivate hitherto powers and even by Soviet Russia, though it “ The road to Hell is paved with good intentions!“ uncultivated districts of Central Asia. This is the was forcibly subjugated a short time after­ After half a dozen Five-Year Plans the saying in first lot of “ volunteers“ , but more will follow. wards. the U.S.S.R. is still: “ Give me two or three years’ As was reported in detail on April 1st in the Gegechkori’s death has caused great sorrow time!“ But the victims in this “ Paradise of workers paper, “ Zarya Vostoka“ (a party organ published in all Georgian circles. and farmers“ are always the starving working in Russian in Thbilisi), 8,000 “ volunteers“ , boys classes. and girls, are ready to leave for Siberia, Ural, Ka- sahkstan, and the Volga districts. The Moscow tyrants continue to pursue their diabolical plan of driving out the nations from mmmv their own countries. And the Russians are settling down in these countries to an ever-increasing ex­ CLUTCHING AT A STRAW STORIES tent! The Third Party Congress of the “ Hungarian The President of Bulgaria recently invited the General A. I. Antonov, the G.O.C.-in-C. of the Caucasian Army, has been elected a member of the Working Men’s Party“ (the name by which the comedian of Radio Sofia to visit him and tell him Communist Party is known in Hungary) was held in Central Committee of the Georgian Communist some humorous stories to amuse him. The come­ Budapest at the end of May. As can be seen from Party. He made a speech on behalf of the Central dian was speechless when he entered the President’s a report published in the Moscow paper, “ Izvesti- palace and saw all the luxury there. The President Committee at a ceremony to mark this occasion on May 1st. ya“ , there is a serious and ever-increasing indica­ noticed his surprise and tried to explain all the tion of disintegration in this Party. The president luxury by saying, “ This is what my home looks like Antonov and the deputy-president of the S.U., of . the Control Commission of the Central Com­ now, — when the new Five-Year Plan has been M. G. Pervukhin, have been elected in Georgia as mittee said in his speech, “ The activity of the Par­ carried out every one of our fellow-countrymen members of the Supreme Soviet Council of the S.U. ty organizations and members in the fight for the will be able to live in surroundings’ like these!“ This fact proves that even Georgian communists unity of the Party, for moral integrity in its ranks, Whereupon the comedian drily remarked, “ Com­ are not regarded as trustworthy by Moscow. The and for the consolidation of Party and State disci­ rade President, I have come here to tell you stories, “ representatives“ and spokesmen of Georgia, pline has recently increased considerably“ . — (Ob­ not vice versa!“ therefore, are Russians. viously things are not particularly satisfactory in this respect in the Hungarian national republic! — editor’s note) The suggestion was then made that the Party precepts should be altered in keeping /////////////////////////////////////////////////////№ № № with new conditions. — “ The new precepts“ , so the speaker stressed, “ are based on Lenin’s party HISTORY FALSIFIED IN BELGRADE LIFE-INSURANCE TURNED DOWN doctrine. They will consolidate the unity of the Party even more and will continue to promote the Zagreb, April, 1954. — Upon closer inspection Walter Ulbricht recently wanted to take out a discipline of the Party and to further the develop­ the books on Croatian history which have been life insurance policy, but the insurance company ment of relations between the Party and the work­ published in Belgrade since World War II as text­ turned down his application. The reasons it gave ing classes of the nation“ . . . books for primary and secondary schools, at the for doing so were brief, namely as follows: To judge by these statements, the communists in instructions of the communist dictators, reveal the Rayh, Secretary-general of the Hungarian Working- Hungary have so far not succeeded in winning over following facts: Men’s Party, was hanged as an Anglo-American the people. It is obvious that Morscow’s hirelings The names of famous persons in Croatian history, spy. will never be able to worm their way into the con­ of kings, of the higher and lower aristocracy, of fidence of the people, for a nation never bestows well-known figures in the cultural, intellectual and Kostov, Secretary-general of the Communist Party its favours on its destroyers and murderers! political life of the country, are all befouled. They of Bulgaria, was hanged as an enemy of the are presented to Croatian youth as traitors, who for people and a betrayer of the working class. centuries sold their people and their country to Slansky9 Secretary-general of the Communist Party Rome and to the Western Powers. of Czechoslovakia, was hanged as an agent of the m m m This is the method by which the communist dic­ Anglo-American monopoly capitalists. tators in Belgrade seek to convince the youth of Li Syn Ep, Secretary-general of the Korean Labour Croatia that the Croats are a nation that is utterly RESISTANCE AND MOCK-TRIALS incapable of governing itself. Party, was hanged as a traitor in the pay of the On the other hand, however, the entire litera­ American imperialists. Oil April 17th this year sentries on night-duty at the railway-bridge in Puchov (Wag Valley) dis­ ture perused in the schools consists of Serbian Patrascanu, Secretary-general of the Communist covered a large quantity of explosives under the authors and books which make out that the Cro­ Party of Rumania, was hanged “ because of hos­ main pier which would have sufficed to blow up atian soldiers as “ foreign mercenaries and traitors tile activity which aimed to hold up the fight of the bridge. The entire affair is treated confiden­ massacred the innocent Serbian population“ . the democratic patriots against Fascism“ . As regards Serbian history the Croatian school- tially by the security organs. This and several other acts of sabotage, which were committed on the children are taught that the Serbian rulers were all DEFINITION very kind-hearted and magnanimous, that they al­ same day, are said to be connected with a demon­ ways considered the welfare of their subjects and In the “ Encyclopedia From A— Z“ , published in stration on the occasion of the seventh anniversary brought them many benefits and blessings. Leipzig, in the Soviet Occupied Zone of Germany, of the death of the former President, Dr. J. Tiso Above all, these textbooks emphasize the “ fact“ in 1953, the following definition is given for the (April 18, 1946). that the Serbs are the only people capable of ruling North Atlantic Pact: * the entire Slavic South and affirm that the Serbian “ Aggressive, imperialist intention directed During the night of April 20, 1954, the highway leading class does not allow itself to be swayed by against the independence of the European nations.“ from Podbrezova to Pohorela (in Central Slovakia) chauvinism and does not aim at subjugating the Now at last we know why the “ great, peace-lov­ was blocked with obstructions to such an extent rest of the nations like some of the other Slav na­ ing“ Soviet Union insists on being admitted to the that next morning the security organs were obliged tions do. NATO! to use tractors in order to clear away the bar- Page 16 ABN-CORRESPONDENCE Number 5/9 ricades. It is assumed tliat this act of sabotage MASS RE-SETTLEMENT was the work of supporters of the Slovak fight It is slated in a leading article in the “ Pravda“ , BOOK-REVIEWS for freedom who are in hiding in the nearby forest entitled “ New Triumphs of Communist Architec­ and apparently intended an attack on communist ture“ , that more than half a million people in agitators, who are at present carrying out propa­ Ukraine have “ volunteered“ for the work of clear­ Easl and West ganda tours in this district prior to the elections ing and cultivating vast areas of fallow land in A quarterly Review of Soviet and Baltic Problems for national councillors. Siberia, which are now to be exploited. These “ vo­ Edited by^ Prof. A. P. Aizsilnieks, Prof. H. Perlitz and * lunteers“ include 80,000 agronomists, engineers, Prof. S. Zymantas. Managing editor II. Purre, No. 1, Th§ mock-trial of the former leading Slovak and mechanics. The farmers of the Ukrainian kolk­ 1954. Alliance Publishing Company, London, 64 pp. communists, which had been expected for some This political magazine has the task „to demonstrate hozes, too, are living in a constant state of insecu­ to the West the real significance of the Soviet system lime, finally took place on April 24th this year. rity since they may be requested any day to ‘ volun­ and the danger that arises for the West from Soviet G. Husah, D. O Italy, L. Hold os, J. Horvat, and teer for re-settlement“ to Central Asia or to some expansion“ — said editorial. L. Novomesky were sentenced to long terms of im­ Herbert Tingstcn gets to the bottom of the “Mission other foreign country. of the refugees.“ The author concludes “if we have no prisonment. They were described as Slovak ‘‘bour­ sympathy for the political refugees and their aims we geois nationalists“ , who, according to the charges THE LENIN ORDER FOR UKRAINE! are incapable of appreciating our own freedom and preferred against them, had aimed to set up an democracy.“ On the occasion of the 300th anniversary of the Mintauts Cakste in the article “The Gordian Knot“ independent Slovak state. The accused Okaly “ union“ of Ukraine and Russia the presidium of decides the status quo of the Soviet. He describes the stated, “ The ultimate aim of our hostile intentions the Supreme Soviet has awarded the Lenin Order imperialistic aims of Soviet Russia: “nos fronticrcs mar cli­ was the setting up of prerequisites which would ent avec nous.“ The East-West situation as it stands is to Ukraine. This is the first time in the history of indeed a Gordian Knot and it is hardly likely that have enabled the Slovak middle class to gain power the Soviet Union that one of the sixteen republics words or declarations will cut it. This Gordian Knot once more and would have made it possible to has been awarded this Order. Flags were hoisted can only be cut by the conceptions of A.B.N. re-establish an independent Slovak state.“ Prof. A. P. Aizsilnieks in his article, “Objectives of on all the buildings in Moscow to mark the celebra­ Soviet Foreign Trade“ from the new Soviet sources with The accused were also charged with having sup­ tion of this anniversary and the city, which was scientific methods demonstrates the low standard of ported Zionism and industrial sabotage and, as decorated with flowers and neon signs, was crowd­ the life in U.S.S.R. He writes “and as long as com­ usual, with having acted as spies for the West. munist totalitarianism exists, its autarchy will remain ed with representatives of the various nations of a disturbing factor for international trade, constantly the U.S.S.R., who were all attired in their gaily- producing various difficulties for the economy of other colored national costumes. countries.“ According to the opinion of a Western observer, August Rei, the former prime minister of Estonia, depicts the relation between Britain and the Baltic the Lenin Order has been awarded to Ukraine to States. A rule of British policy is demonstrated in the emphasize the close relations between Ukraine and following excerpt from the memoranda by Sir Eyre Russia and to counteract the plans of the Ukrain­ Crowe: “England more than any other power has a UNDERGROUND RESISTANCE OFFICIALLY direct and positive interest in the maintenance of the ian population for independence. The Moscow independence of nations and therefore must be the CORROBORATED “ Pravda“ and various other papers recently pub­ natural enemy of any country theatening the independ­ lished a number of articles in which the U.S.A. was ence of others, and the natural protector of the weaker On March 23, 1954, the chief secretary of the communities.“ Communist Party of Ukraine, 0. I. Kyrychenho, accused of trying to establish various national mo­ Prof. S. Zymantas introduces new documents from be­ held a big political speech at the 18th Congress of vements in Ukraine under the motto of indepen­ hind the Iron Curtain which show the Soviet struggle dence. against the Church. It is a very modern syllogism that the Communist Party of Ukraine, in which, for the is expressed by the Rumanian Patriarch Justinian Ma­ first time since World War II, the fact was offici­ (From „Die Welt“ , Hamburg, May 24, 1954) rina: “Christ is a new man. The new man is the Soviet ally corroborated that the Ukrainian liberation mo­ man. Therefore Christ is a Soviet man.“ Yes, Stalin vement, the O.U.N. (Organization of Ukrainian Na­ and Malenkow are Popes and Christ is Soviet man. It is a new Soviet religion. But this communist “religion“ tionalists), is still as active as ever and continues fights against Christianity and other religions. For to put up a large-scale underground resistance. Impbdant hfrtice example, in Lithuania the theological, faculty was closed down, all the clerical seminaries, with the ex- To quote verbatim from this speech: cption of one in Kaunas — with not more than 40—50 “ The Communist Party of Ukraine and the We should like to request all sub­ seminarists —, were also closed, priests were forced Ukrainian nation will steadfastly continue to scribers whose subscription is due, to to seek their own accomodation in the towns and villages oppose all indications of a bourgeois ideology renew same without delay. and thus became dependent upon the mercy and the We should also he grateful to our re­ chicanery of local Soviet occupation administrators. Re­ and above all Ukrainian bourgeois nationalism . . . ligious instruction in schools, the Catholic press and All Party organizations in the western districts gular readers if they would kindly in­ organizations, and any active functions of the Church of Ukraine must continue to be on the alert in form us whether they receive the as a spiritual force in the community were all prohibit­ “A.B.N. Correspondence“ regularly and ed. Heavy fees were imposed for the maintenance of their fight against remnants of the O.U.N. and the churches, and at the same time, heavy blows were must prevent the latter from carrying on their whether they are interested in receiving struck against the hierarchy of the Catholic Church.“ hostile work in the kolkhozes, industrial con­ it in future. V. Tepfers describes for us Beria's liquidation and The “A.B.N. Correspondence“ will the political police action in U.S.S.R. “Now as before, cerns, and educational institutions. The highest the Soviet regime is enforced by terror and now as before precept of all Party organizations must he in­ not be sent to readers from whom no the M.V.D. is the machine which enforces it.“ J. Gytis creased vigilance on all sides.“ reply is received to this effect by No­ Prof. Dr. Volodymyr Kubiyovydi: Obviously the fight for freedom movement of the vember 1st, 1954. Ukrainian people is so large and has gained so We beg to express our thanks for the Ethnographical Map of South-West Ukraine much ground that it is futile to continue to resort contributions received for the A.B.N. (Galicia) press fund from the representatives of to the former tactics of keeping quiet on this sub­ Society of Sciences Shvchenko (Institute for National ject, and Moscow now sees itself forced to take up the Byelorussian, Croatian, Latvian and Research). Edited by “Molode Zhyttia“, Munich, Dachauer the challenge in public. Albanian delegations. At the same time Strafie 9, on behalf of the Association of Former Ukrain­ we urgently appeal to all national dele­ ian Combatants in Great Britain, in 1955 (map scale 1 : 250 000). “HAPPY“ UKRAINE! gations and their members to help the This bilingual (Ukrainian and English) cartographical A.B.N. fund with further contributions, representation of the ethnic structure of Galicia on To mark the occasian of the 300th “ anniversary“ since our paper has to cope with con­ January 1, 1939, with statistic tables appended, con­ of the Treaty of Pereyaslav and the “ union“ of stitutes a scientific standard work and is competent siderable financial difficulties. Contri­ for all national political questions referring to South- Ukraine and Russia, the Supreme Soviet of the butions may he sent to: Jaroslau Szew- West Ukraine (Galicia). Ukrainian S.S.R. met in Kyiv on May 22. At Mos­ czuk, Munich 8, Zeppelinstrafie 67/0 cow’s command a delegation from Lithuania was (A.B.N.). Poles Seek Refuge in National China ordered to attend this ceremony. At the invitation The Editor, of the “ Ukrainian Government“ a delegation was “ A.B.N. Correspondence“ According to a report in the gazette published of course also sent from Moscow. The fact that a by the National China embassy in Paris, “ La Chine' very large delegation headed by the president of Libre“ , No. 84 of June 24, 1954, the entire crew the Supreme Soviet of the Russian S.F.S.R. was of the Polish tanker, “ Pacra“ , including the cap­ present is particularly significant. At the same time The Central and East tain, Zdzislaw Hackel, chief engineer Stefan Wojt- a ten years’ festival of Russian literature and art kowski, and ten oilier persons,- have asked the Gov­ was also held in Kyiv in order to .prove to the European Study Club in London ernment of National China for asylum. They stated Ukrainian people the value of Russian cultural that they were unwilling to return to a country At an inaugural meeting held at Lithuania House achievements for the development of Ukraine. The where there was no freedom. Their request was in London, on April 23rd, a “ Central and East paper, “ Izvestiya“ , maintains that this festival is granted and they have been given political asylum. European Study Cluh“ was formed which has set characterized by the spirit “ of indestructible itself the task of studying and discussing all the friendship“ between the Ukrainian and Russian na­ problems concerning the nations behind the Iron tions and “ of inseparable brotherhood of all the Curtain. nations who belong to the vast Soviet family“ . This The Cluh regards Christianity as the fundamental is the manner in which an enslaved nation is allow­ Publisher: Press Bureau of the Antibolshevik Bloc of ed to celebrate its subjugation, and there is no end principle of the present age and affirms that bol­ Nations (A.B.N.) to the “ mutual“ protestations of love! But the Rus­ shevism can he conquered most effectively by P.O. Box 70, Munich 55 Phone: 44 92 83 :-: Germany Christian doctrine and its principles. Editorial Staff: Board of Editors sians know only too well that the subjugated na­ Editor responsible: D. B. Osinsky tions cannot be won over by such deceptions. For Dr. Karel Locher, a member of General Prchala’s Articles signed with name or pseudonym do not neces­ this reason the recent order of the day in Ukraine group, is the president of the Cluh, and Mr. Adam sarily reflect the Editor’s opinion, but that of the author. has been a never-ending succession of arrests and Scibor Rylski, the representative of the Polish Manuscripts sent in unrequested cannot be returned in cases of “ voluntary“ re-settlement of the popula­ case of non-publication unless postage is enclosed. emigrants, is the chief secretary. The following per­ It is not our practice to pay for contributions. tion to distant Siberia, which are carried out under sons are members of the advisory council: General Reproduction permitted but only with indication of the motto of “ ruthless extermination of the rem­ Leo Pchrala, Mr. Bajorinas (Lithuania), Prince of source (A.B.N.-Corr.). nants of the O.U.N. who are still active in Yearly Subscription $ 2 or Shillings 12 Tokary Tokarzewsky-Karaszewicz (Ukraine), Fa­ Remittances to: Juroslau Szewczuk, Munich 8, Zeppelin­ Ukraine!“ ther Sipowich, and Mr. J. Pridawok. strafie 67/° (A.B.N.)