La BBC, Ante Su Peor Crisis: ¿Especie Periodística En Peligro De Extinción?

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La BBC, Ante Su Peor Crisis: ¿Especie Periodística En Peligro De Extinción? La BBC, ante su peor crisis: ¿especie periodística en peligro de extinción? ¿Sigue siendo sostenible su modelo de financiación? ¿Es justo que aquellos que no pagan la tarifa de licencia acaben en los tribunales? ¿La suscripción tendría que ser su modelo en la actual era tecnológi- ca? ¿Está intacta su imparcialidad? ¿Intenta abarcar demasiado? En la era posbrexit, ¿qué papel tiene como embajadora de la marca Reino Unido? ¿Se merece la hostilidad por parte del Ejecutivo? En definitiva, ¿puede sobrevivir? CELIA MAZA El 31 de enero de 2020, cuando en Bru- nes que mantiene con el actual inquilino selas el reloj marcó la medianoche, Boris del Número 10 –quien, por cierto, antes Johnson mandó un mensaje a los britá- de político fue periodista– no parecen te- nicos con motivo de la salida del Reino ner precedentes. Unido de la Unión Europea (UE). Se tra- En cualquier caso, la batalla no es taba del episodio más importante de la solo con el Ejecutivo, sino con compe- historia del país en los últimos 47 años. tidores y, sobre todo, consigo misma. Sin embargo, el discurso del primer La BBC es la organización nacional de ministro no fue emitido por la British radiodifusión más antigua del mundo y Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). Dow- la cadena de televisión más grande por ning Street prefirió utilizar sus propias número de empleados (22.401). Cuenta, cámaras y publicarlo por sus redes so- entre otros, con diez canales de televi- ciales oficiales. Inaudito. A lo largo de su sión, diez estaciones nacionales de radio dilatada historia, la corporación pública (más seis locales) y página web. ha lidiado diferentes disputas con los Se trata también de un gran símbo- Gobiernos de todo signo político. Pero la lo para el Reino Unido. Por detrás de la profundidad y el alcance de las tensio- reina Isabel II, quizá el más importan- Celia Maza (@Celiamaza) es corresponsal en Londres para La Razón, El Confidencial y Onda Cero 79 La BBC, ante su peor crisis: ¿especie periodística en peligro de extinción? te, junto al Servicio Nacional de Salud recopilan artículos de diferentes perso- (NHS, por sus siglas en inglés). Sin em- nalidades –entre ellas, políticos, acadé- bargo, a punto de cumplir el aniversario micos y periodistas– que realizan una de su centenario –será en 2022–, se en- exhaustiva radiografía de la institución. frenta ahora a la crisis más importante “Uno de los principales problemas es de su existencia. que la BBC ha acaparado en los últimos ¿Sigue siendo sostenible su modelo 20 años demasiados servicios y dema- de financiación, principalmente, a través siado personal”, explica Mair, quien no de las 154,50 libras (aproximadamente, descarta que el modelo de financiación 173 euros) que debe pagar cada hogar cambie en la próxima década a uno en el Reino Unido? ¿Es justo que aque- mixto, que incluya suscripción. “De llos que no pagan la tarifa de licencia momento, el modelo actual está garan- acaben en los tribunales o incluso en la tizado solo hasta 2027, pero luego habrá cárcel? ¿La suscripción tendría que ser que ver qué ocurre. Y si finalmente el el modelo más obvio para el consumo Ejecutivo despenaliza el impago de la de medios en la actual era tecnológica? tarifa de licencia, eso podría suponer un ¿Está intacta su imparcialidad? ¿Intenta coste de 240 millones de euros. La BBC abarcar demasiado? En la era posbrexit, tiene que llevar a cabo grandes cambios. ¿qué papel tiene como embajadora de la Tiene un gran producto, pero lo vende marca Reino Unido? ¿Se merece la hosti- muy mal. Y aunque en el ámbito inter- lidad por parte del Ejecutivo? En definiti- nacional es respetada y representa todo va, ¿puede sobrevivir? un símbolo, las cosas en casa no se ven John Mair, antiguo productor de BBC, igual, especialmente por parte de los po- ITV y Channel 4, asegura que el futuro líticos”, matiza. de la corporación pública, al menos tal y Por si los retos no fueran menores, como se conoce hasta ahora, está ame- coinciden además en pleno relevo. El nazado. Entre otras cuestiones, porque pasado mes de enero, el actual director tan pronto como termine la crisis por la general, Tony Hall, anunció que, tras sie- pandemia de la COVID-19, el Gobierno te años en el cargo, presentaba su dimi- volverá a la carga, ya que la tiene “en sión. Este verano asumirá la presidencia el punto de mira”. “Dominic Cummings de la National Gallery, la principal pi- [el todopoderoso asesor del primer mi- nacoteca de Londres. Muchos expertos nistro] la odia”, apunta. pensaron que se quedaría en su puesto Mair acaba de coeditar, junto con Tom hasta 2022, cuando la BBC celebra su Bradshaw, un libro titulado Is the BBC in centenario. Peril? Does it Deserve to be? (¿Está la BBC Sin embargo, Hall ha decidido adelan- en peligro? ¿Merece estarlo?). Las páginas tar su marcha para que su sucesor ten- 80 Cuadernos de Periodistas, número 40 ga tiempo suficiente para preparar las que además la BBC, que siempre había conversaciones con el Gobierno ante la brillado por su transparencia, supuesta- revisión del Royal Charter Agreement. La mente estaba al tanto de sus atrocidades llamada Carta Real viene a ser la consti- y habría decidido mirar para otro lado. tución de la BBC. La última versión de Durante los siete años que ha estado 2017 tiene validez hasta 2027. No obs- como director general, Hall ha construi- tante, en la primavera de 2022 se deben do un legado significativo y ha moder- revisar los planes y obligaciones de la nizado la institución. Aparte de desarro- cadena pública. llar más BBC iPlayer (el servicio online), Hall aceptó el puesto de director gene- ha creado nuevos proyectos, como BBC ral después de que su antecesor, George Sounds (servicio de descargas de audios Entwistle, se viera obligado a salir tras el de programas y pódcast) y Britbox (ser- escándalo del depredador sexual Jimmy vicio de transmisión de vídeo por sus- Savile. Aquello supuso uno de los episo- cripción en colaboración con ITV). Asi- dios más oscuros para la BBC. mismo, inauguró BBC Studios, la nueva Savile era el presentador estrella, el DJ rama comercial, que absorbió a BBC excéntrico amigo de todos los niños, el Worldwide, para integrar producción, responsable de recaudar 42 millones de ventas y distribución de programas en euros para obras de caridad. Los ayunta- una sola entidad. mientos y hospitales se peleaban por po- ner su nombre a las salas de reuniones Hall construyó un y los políticos se mostraban encantados al posar a su lado. La mismísima Isabel legado significativo y II le llegó a dar el título de sir y el papa modernizó la institución Juan Pablo II le nombró caballero de la Pontificia Orden Ecuestre de San Grego- En cualquier caso, Hall deja ahora la rio Magno, una de las más altas distin- BBC con su imparcialidad cuestionada, ciones del Vaticano. la tarifa de licencia de pago en el aire y En definitiva, Savile –que falleció en la gran amenaza, entre otros, de Apple, 2011, a los 84 años– era toda una leyen- Amazon, Netflix y Disney, todos ellos da. Pero lo que la mayoría desconocía es competidores con suscripciones anuales que también era un monstruo pederasta considerablemente más baratas que los cuando las cámaras dejaban de grabar. 173 euros que debe pagar cada hogar en Cuando todo salió a la luz en 2012, la el Reino Unido para financiar a la cade- noticia dejó conmocionado al Reino na pública. Unido. Y no solo porque se cayera un Por cierto, respecto a la cuestiona- mito para varias generaciones, sino por- da imparcialidad, el artículo que Hall 81 La BBC, ante su peor crisis: ¿especie periodística en peligro de extinción? publicó el pasado enero en The Daily general de la emisora pública. El pasado Telegraph a modo de despedida estaba 5 de junio, el hasta ahora jefe de BBC cargado de intenciones: “Los reproches Studios, la subsidiaria comercial que se son esperados como corporación pública ocupa de vender los programas de pro- nacional… Pero el hecho de que vengan ducción propia en el extranjero, fue ele- de todos los lados del espectro político gido entre cuatro candidatos por el Con- indica que estamos haciendo bien nues- sejo de Administración. tro trabajo”. Contratado en 2005 y procedente de Una de las voces más críticas con la la empresa Pepsi para ocuparse del de- BBC siempre ha sido la de Rob Wilson, partamento de Mercadotecnia, Comuni- exdiputado conservador y secretario de cación y Audiencias, Davie fue director Estado de Cultura entre 2014 y 2017. “La general en funciones antes del nombra- BBC es un producto del siglo XX que in- miento de Hall en 2013, después de que tenta sobrevivir en el acelerado mundo su predecesor, George Entwistle, dimitie- digital del siglo XXI. Su modelo opera- ra en 2012 tras solo unas semanas en el tivo está desactualizado y es inadecua- cargo. do”, mantiene. Según The Guardian, Davie es actual- Wilson no quita méritos a Hall. Con- mente el ejecutivo mejor pagado de la sidera que los cambios acometidos son BBC, con un sueldo anual de 642.000 significativos para competir con iTunes libras (715.000 euros), por lo que, de o Netflix. Sin embargo, los sigue vien- acuerdo con el diario, cuando el próxi- do aún insuficientes. “Netflix invertirá mo 1 de septiembre ocupe oficialmente 13.450 millones de euros solo en progra- su nueva oficina, tendrá que rebajarse el mas para este año y tiene alrededor de salario para sustituir a Hall, que percibe 140 millones de suscriptores”, recalca.
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